HMSE Implementation: Models, Mockups, and Prototypes A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process

Needs, Problems, Opportunities

Operation,Test & Evaluation Analysis

HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product)

Implementation Design

Design Specifications

2 Implementation and Operation

● Implementation ● Operation – Static Mockups – Mockups, Storyboards – Dynamic Mockups ● Scripted Role Playing – Digital Storyboards – Prototypes – Virtual Prototypes ● Simulated Scenarios – Part-Functional Prototypes – Computer Models – Functional (Engineering) ● Simulation Prototypes – Operational Systems – Computer Models and ● Real Operation Simulations – Operational Systems

3 Static Mockups Mockup: Healthcare Toolkit Instrument Set

5 Third Generation Unified Medical Instrument Mockup Mockups: Silicon wafer slicing saw

7 Mockup framework

8 Mockup exterior construction

9 Mockup large features

10 Mockup operator interface

11 Dynamic Mockups Mockup display/control details

13 Digital Storyboards Mockup/Electronic Storyboard: Healthcare Toolkit

15 Mockup/Electronic Storyboard: Healthcare Toolkit

16 ECD Prototype 4 Storyboard

17 Virtual (Part-Functional) Prototypes Virtual Prototype (HTML): DVD- VHS Player

19 Virtual Prototype: Electronic Checklist

● Full-scale physical mockup (from rapid prototyping machine) ● Simulator (MS Access database)

20 Virtual/Part-Functional Prototype: Healthcare Toolkit V1

21 Part-Functional Prototypes

● and Rapid Prototyping Systems Mockup and Functional Prototypes: Healthcare Toolkit Unified Medical Instrument

First Generation UMI Functional Prototypes (Capstone Projects)

Second Generation

iPad Diagnosis Decision Aid (MS Thesis) Human Factors Engineering 23 Rapid Prototyping Environment For Targeting Device UI Development

Gen 3 TD Emulator Graphical User Interface Development Environment: GUIDE

24 Functional Prototypes Functional Prototype: ECD Facilitator V3

26 Computer Models and Simulations Computer Models: Digital Human Modeling Examples from Dr. Onan Demirel OSU Assistant Professor, Mechanical Design

28 A.1 INTEGRATED COCKPIT DESIGN AN INTEGRATED OCCUPANT PACKAGING STUDY FOR A RACE CAR TRANSPORTATION

Focus: to incorporate Digital Human Modeling (DHM) early stages of the vehicle development and to improve About: This study was held as an integrated concept vehicle development driver posture comfort (in terms of joint angles and vision) without sacrifcing structural integrity. research project at European Ford Design Studios. I was asked to demonstrate an integration showcase of Digital Human Modeling (DHM) and Virtual Methodology: consist of using my Human-in-The-Loop design framework for modeling and simulation, and Reality (VR) for a concept vehicle development. utilize Virtual Reality (VR) tools to extend the advance visualization techniques during design process. Results: joint angle discomfort were improved while maintaining the aerodynamics and structural integrity of Industrial Engineering the vehicle. Center of gravity was further lowered. Form Function Future Work: includes a total-vehicle integration design study, which aims to form a high fdelity digital Concept vehicle design system that manages and monitors engine simulation, steering controls, suspensions with DHM. Proof

Integrated CFD with DHM Integrated CAD Model with DHM

Posture Improvement Study Based on Joint Angles through DHM Assembly Simulation in Virtual Reality with CAVE

INITIAL POSTURE IMPROVED POSTURE

Yellow indicates posture angles out of comfort range Green indicates posture angles are within comfort range pg.5 A.2 VERSATILE CODE CART A REVERSE ENGINEERING OF AN EMERGENCY CODE CART HEALTHCARE

Focus: to create a user-friendly, light-weight, easy to use and a safe code cart to accommodate needs and About: This study was a collaboration between Purdue University and limitations of nurses coming from different anthropometric backgrounds. Franciscan St. Elizabeth. I was asked to design a user-friendly, safe, lightweight and versatile code cart, which replaces current cart models, and would Methodology: creating human-machine-interaction simulations for patent pending unique features (such as accommodate nurses coming from different anthropometric backgrounds. bi-directional drawers, adjustable handles...etc.) through my Human-in-The-Loop design framework. Results: percent capable summary of upper and lower limbs were improved and visual obscuration (cluttler) Industrial Engineering zones were cleared. Proposed cart model accomodates a wide range of nurses comparing to current models. Form Function Future Work: fnalizing patent application, developing marketing/sales plans and creating manufacturing Concept drafts for a possible large scale production opportunity. Proof

Biomechanical Simulation of Push-Pull Movement (Strain Forces & Vision) INITIAL PUSH POSTURE IMPROVED PUSH POSTURE Integrated CAD Model with DHM (CURRENT CART MODEL) (PROPOSED CART MODEL)

Patent Pending Unique Features

Adjustable Handles

Poor Static Strenght results (high strain forces applied on body corresponding segments) Nominal Static Strenght results (average strain forces applied on body corresponding segments) Good Static Strenght results (low strain forces applied on body corresponding segments)

Rear Section Frontal Section

Bi-Drectional (Dual-Way) Drawers with Translucent Faces

Current cart model creates cluttered vision Proposed cart model eleminates cluttering problem pg.5 pg.6 A.3 USER-FRIENDLY WASH-MACHINE A STUDY OF DESIGNING FOR HUMAN VARIABILITY CONSUMER GOODS

Focus: to improve posture when loading-unloading of clothes of user groups coming from a wide-range of About: This consumer product design study was a collaboration between anthropometric population by utilizing Digital Human Modeling (DHM) during product development cycle. Whirlpool Corporation and Purdue University. I was asked to design a “wash-machine for all” around the requirements generated from consumer Methodology: to generate digital postures based on user study (data collection) and develop human- studies and technology integration. machine simulations by using Human-in-the-Loop design framework to fnd optimized geometry. Results: door inlet size was increased for ease of access, pedestal height was optimized for different users, and Industrial Engineering overall dimensions of the wash-machine was fnalized. Form Function Future Work: to develop future wash-machines that accommodate different needs and offer comforting Concept features for users. Proof

Digital Posture Construction from Usability Study Comparison between Design Alternatives

INITIAL REACH POSTURE IMPROVED REACH POSTURE (NO PEDESTAL) (WITH PEDESTAL)

Inlet Door Validation through DHM

pg.7 Computer Models: MIDAS

● Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System ● Workstation-based simulation system developed by the U.S. Army, NASA, and Sterling Software Inc. ● Used to evaluate candidate crew procedures, controls, and displays before changes become too costly. ● Capabilities – graphical equipment prototyping – dynamic simulation – human performance modeling ● kinematic ● sensory ● memory, cognition ● motor ● Applications – Air Warrior - 21st Century air crew life support system – Air MIDAS - assessment of flight management systems, communication, and automation in Air Traffic Control (ATC) aiding – Short Haul Civil Tiltrotor - crewstation in new vertical takeoff and landing vehicle – Taxi MIDAS - Preflight Checklist Study (Boeing 747 - 400) – 911 MIDAS - Emergency Dispatch Console Design Study

● Website: http://humansystems.arc.nasa.gov/groups/midas/index.html ● Air Warrior: http://humansystems.arc.nasa.gov/groups/midas/application/airwarrior.html ● Air MIDAS: http://humansystems.arc.nasa.gov/groups/midas/application/taximidas.html 29