DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic and Phenotypic Patterns of Variabilities in Arenaria Grandiflora L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic and Phenotypic Patterns of Variabilities in Arenaria Grandiflora L Genetic and phenotypic patterns of variabilities in Arenaria grandiflora L. species complex (Caryophyllaceae) : new elements for taxonomy and conservation Marwa Daoud To cite this version: Marwa Daoud. Genetic and phenotypic patterns of variabilities in Arenaria grandiflora L. species complex (Caryophyllaceae) : new elements for taxonomy and conservation. Biodiversity and Ecology. Museum national d’histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2017. English. NNT : 2017MNHN0013. tel- 01948885 HAL Id: tel-01948885 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01948885 Submitted on 9 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2017 N° attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Ecologie et Systématique Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Marwa DAOUD Le 08/12/2017 Genetic and phenotypic patterns of variabilities in Arenaria grandiflora L. species complex (Caryophyllaceae) New elements for taxonomy and conservation Sous la direction de : MACHON Nathalie et SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Sonja Composition du jury : Nathalie MACHON Professeur, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Directrice de Thèse Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directrice de Recherche, CNRS Directrice de Thèse Magda BOU DAGHER-KHARRAT Professeur, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Rapporteur Joan VALLES Professeur, Université de Barcelone Rapporteur Errol VELA Maître de Conférences, Université de Montpellier Examinateur I THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Ecologie et Systématique Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Marwa DAOUD Le 08/12 2017 Genetic and Phenotypic Patterns of Variabilities in Arenaria grandiflora L. species complex (Caryophyllaceae) New Elements for Taxonomy and Conservation Sous la direction de : MACHON Nathalie et SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Sonja Composition du jury : Nathalie MACHON Professeur, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Directrice de Thèse Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directrice de Recherche, CNRS Directrice de Thèse Magda BOU DAGHER-KHARRAT Professeur, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth Rapporteur Joan VALLES Professeur, Université de Barcelone Rapporteur Errol VELA Maître de Conférences, Université de Montpellier Examinateur II III Dedicated to: My country (Syria) My parents (Hayat and Louay) My husband (Moutasem) And my cute daughter (Ame) My brother (Nebras) My sisters (Mhar and Oshine) . for their unconditional support, their wishes, their fortitude, their understanding, their help and guidance in every walk of life. IV V Acknowledgements Many inspiring people have been involved in the work leading to my PhD thesis. I will like to acknowledge everyone for their contributions to the studies conducted during my time as a PhD student and I am especially thankful to: Josie LAMBOURDIÈRE and Jawad ABDELKRIM for their technical assistance in microsatellites analysis at SSM in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France Chantal GRIVEAU for her assistance in preparations of clones at National Botanical Conservatory of the Paris Basin (CBNBP), Paris, France Mickael BOURGE and Mario GOMEZ PACHECO for their technical assistance in cytometry at IBiSA Cytometry Platform of the Imagif, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Sandrine FONTAINE and Christian RAQUIN, for their both technical assistance and guidance in culture in vitro at ESE in University of Paris-Sud Saclay. Raphaël CORNETTE and Florian JABBOUR, for their both assistance and support in morphometrics analysis, in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France Nélida PADILLA GARCIA, Manuel CARTEREAU, Bernard PASQUIER and Bruno DURAND for their assistance in collection of material Myriam GAUDEUL for her assistance in sampling from Paris’ herbarium in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France Sophie NADOT and Thierry ROBERT for their constructive advices from University of Paris- Sud Saclay, Orsay, France VI Preface Five years ago, I started this project as a thesis project, but it turned out to be long battle against a large- flowered Sandwort from Caryophyllaceae (Arenaria grandiflora L.). This thesis is the report of this long process, but it cannot express the long days spent in both the field and the lab, battling shoulder to shoulder with my fellow scientists. It cannot also express the stress, the sadness and the tiredness because of the war and the victims in my country (Syria). The first year was only just unsuccessful attempts to detect both the nuclear microsatellite markers and the chloroplast markers (we used 4 pairs of universal primers (MatK 390F / 1440R, TrnK-MatK 3914F / 1110R, TrnL-trnF e / f and Trnt-L La / Lb), in dry and old herbarium’ specimens (Paris’ herbarium, Montpellier’ herbarium, Geneva’ herbarium and Barcelona’ herbarium). A new and different scheme to search was established in the second year. This work is to the best of my knowledge original except where references are made to previous work. This thesis has been writing based on experiments conducted in the scientific group of both two laboratories Center for Ecology and Conservation Sciences (CESCO; MNHN) and Ecology, Systematics and Evolution (ESE, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud Saclay). I would like to thank my supervisors Nathalie MACHON and Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV for their excellent guidance and support during this process. It is great to have finally completed my thesis. Within, this interesting subject, I have gained much knowledge and discovered a domain, where I like to work in the future. At the end, thanks to you, reader, if you are reading this line after the others, you at least read one page of my thesis. Thank You VII Summary of the thesis Population-level conservation is being extremely required to restrain the biodiversity loss within a species. So, the assessment of the variability within the species complex is being renowned as an important first step to well implement the future conservation settings for threatened species. The species complex of Arenaria grandiflora is a short-lived perennial herbaceous and a threatened taxon in certain of sites of its distribution areas in Europe, with unresolved genetics and taxonomy, which lead to potential problems in the conservation and utilization of the resource. A differentiation among populations of the species complex of A. grandiflora is presented in this study based on the genetic, cytogenetic and phenotypic patterns. Intraspecific ploidy level variation is an important aspect of numerous species, so, the present study explores this phenomenon within the A. grandiflora species complex in some type of populations (27 natural populations). To infer the intraspecific genetic and cytogenetic patterns of variability among the studied natural populations of the investigated species complex (A. grandiflora), three methods were used: nuclear microsatellite markers, cytogenetic and flow cytometry approaches. Moreover, the phenotypic patterns of variation among both the stock of seeds and the herbarium materials of A. grandiflora were defined. These patterns were detected using three methods of seed germination (in vitro culture, filter papers and potting soil) and morphometric approaches. A significant differentiation among populations’ patterns of molecular, cytogenetic and phenotypic variation was detected within the A. grandiflora species complex. Presence of two closely related cytotypes (diploids 2n=2x=22 and tetraploids 2n=4x=44) was detected using both classical and more recent methods (chromosome number count and flow cytometry respectively). The species complex of A. grandiflora exhibits high variation in 2C-DNA value, the genome size ranges from 2.11±0.74 pg to 2.70±0.11 pg for the diploid populations and from 4.30±1.51 pg to 5.27±0.14 pg for the tetraploid populations. Moreover, the seeds of tetraploids germinate well and in high proportion than the seeds of the diploid ones. In addition, both acicular and linear leaves from the diploid populations differ significantly within the diploids and with the lanceolate leaves of the tetraploid ones. New protocol of seed germination for the tetraploids by in vitro culture after scarifying was described for the first time. The affected factors on seed germination percentages were determined by an explanatory model of six predictors (altitude, longitude, latitude, ploidy levels, both period and condition of seed storage). VIII Consequently, all these findings are fundamental for the determination of the evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) within A. grandiflora species complex and thus the definition of efficient restoration plans in the future. This study would consider as the preliminary signal for necessary revision for the intraspecific taxonomic keys problematic for this species complex. IX Table of Contents 1. Chapter I: General introduction 1.1 Polyploidy in plants – a brief history 1.2 Evolutionarily significant units (ESUs)– a confuse
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan Paniscus)
    EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Editors: Dr Jeroen Stevens Contact information: Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp – K. Astridplein 26 – B 2018 Antwerp, Belgium Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Great Ape TAG TAG Chair: Dr. María Teresa Abelló Poveda – Barcelona Zoo [email protected] Edition: First edition - 2020 1 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (February 2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA APE TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Maynooth University Publications 2018 Peer Reviewed Journal Name Department Affiliations Journal Pub Title Authors
    Maynooth University Publications 2018 Peer Reviewed Journal Name Department Affiliations Journal Pub Title Authors DR LAURA ANDERSON MUSIC - MUSIC AND LETTERS Sonic ‘detheatricalisation’: Jean Cocteau, Film Music, and 'Les Parents terribles' Laura Anderson DR ALBERTO ARRIBAS SOCIOLOGY - Current Sociology Reframing the public sociology debate: Towards collaborative and decolonial praxis. Arribas Lozano, A. Knowledge co-production with social movement networks. Redefining grassroots DR ALBERTO ARRIBAS SOCIOLOGY - Social Movement Studies politics, rethinking research. Arribas Lozano, A. Migraciones, acción colectiva y colonialidad del saber en el campo académico DR ALBERTO ARRIBAS SOCIOLOGY - - español: los y las migrantes como sujetos políticos invisibles/invisibilizados. Arribas Lozano, A. PROFESSOR LAUREN ARRINGTON ENGLISH - Yeats Annual Fighting Spirits: Yeats, Pound and The Winding Stair (1929) Arrington, Lauren PROFESSOR LAUREN ARRINGTON ENGLISH - Irish Political Studies The Blindness of Hindsight: Irish and British Poets Reflect on Early Fascist Italy Arrington, Lauren Histoire et Civilisation du Livre. Revue « Rebelle malgré lui » - récits de réconciliation et de réintégration dans les MS MONIKA BARGET ARTS & HUMANITIES INSTITUTE - Internationale biographies politiques britanniques du XVIIIe siècle Barget, Monika DR OLIVER BARTLETT LAW - European Journal of Risk Regulation Reforming the Regulation on Spirit Drinks – an Example of Better Regulation? O Bartlett DR OLIVER BARTLETT LAW - European Law Journal Power, Policy Ideas and Paternalism in Non-Communicable Disease Prevention O Bartlett DR BERNHARD BAUER SCHOOL OF CELTIC STUDIES - Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie The Story of the Monk and the Devil Bernhard Bauer The Aspergillus nidulans pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases are essential to integrate Ries L.;de Assis L.;Rodrigues F.;Caldana C.;Rocha M.;Malavazi I.;Bayram DR OZGUR BAYRAM BIOLOGY - G3 (Bethesda, Md.) carbon source metabolism Ö.;Goldman G.
    [Show full text]
  • Chimpanzees Balance Resources and Risk in an Anthropogenic Landscape of Fear Elena Bersacola1,2,3*, Catherine M
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Chimpanzees balance resources and risk in an anthropogenic landscape of fear Elena Bersacola1,2,3*, Catherine M. Hill2 & Kimberley J. Hockings1,3 Human-wildlife coexistence is possible when animals can meet their ecological requirements while managing human-induced risks. Understanding how wildlife balance these trade-ofs in anthropogenic environments is crucial to develop efective strategies to reduce risks of negative interactions, including bi-directional aggression and disease transmission. For the frst time, we use a landscape of fear framework with Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling to investigate anthropogenic risk-mitigation and optimal foraging trade-ofs in Critically Endangered western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Using 12 months of camera trap data (21 camera traps, 6722 camera trap days) and phenology on wild and cultivated plant species collected at Caiquene–Cadique, Cantanhez National Park (Guinea-Bissau), we show that humans and chimpanzees broadly overlapped in their use of forest and anthropogenic parts of the habitat including villages and cultivated areas. The spatiotemporal model showed that chimpanzee use of space was predicted by the availability of naturalised oil-palm fruit. Chimpanzees used areas away from villages and agriculture more intensively, but optimised their foraging strategies by increasing their use of village areas with cultivated fruits when wild fruits were scarce. Our modelling approach generates fne-resolution space–time output maps, which can be scaled-up to identify human-wildlife interaction hotspots at the landscape level, informing coexistence strategy. Te majority of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity is impacted by humans 1,2. Anthropogenic activities, includ- ing hunting and forest conversion to agriculture, pasture land and urban areas are causing signifcant wildlife population declines globally 3.
    [Show full text]
  • P020110307527551165137.Pdf
    CONTENT 1.MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 03 2.ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 05 3.HIGHLIGHTS OF ACHIEVEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 Coexistence of Conserve and Research----“The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species ” services biodiversity protection and socio-economic development ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 The Structure, Activity and New Drug Pre-Clinical Research of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids ………………………………………… 09 Anti-Cancer Constituents in the Herb Medicine-Shengma (Cimicifuga L) ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of Yaoshan Mountain in Northeast Yunnan …………………………………………………………………… 11 Higher Fungi Resources and Chemical Composition in Alpine and Sub-alpine Regions in Southwest China ……………………… 12 Research Progress on Natural Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Inhibitors…………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Predicting Global Change through Reconstruction Research of Paleoclimate………………………………………………………………………… 14 Chemical Composition of a traditional Chinese medicine-Swertia mileensis……………………………………………………………………………… 15 Mountain Ecosystem Research has Made New Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Plant Cyclic Peptide has Made Important Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Progresses in Computational Chemistry Research ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 New Progress in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • A Common Threat to IUCN Red-Listed Vascular Plants in Europe
    Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular plants in Europe Author Ballantyne, Mark, Pickering, Catherine Marina Published 2013 Journal Title Biodiversity and Conservation DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0569-2 Copyright Statement © 2013 Springer. This is an electronic version of an article published in Biodiversity and Conservation, December 2013, Volume 22, Issue 13-14, pp 3027-3044. Biodiversity and Conservation is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/55792 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Manuscript 1 Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular 1 2 3 4 2 plants in Europe 5 6 7 8 3 *Mark Ballantyne and Catherine Marina Pickering 9 10 11 12 4 Environmental Futures Centre, School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 13 14 5 Queensland 4222, Australia 15 16 17 18 6 *Corresponding author email: [email protected], telephone: +61(0)405783604 19 20 21 7 22 23 8 24 25 9 26 27 28 10 29 30 11 31 32 12 33 34 13 35 36 37 14 38 39 15 40 41 16 42 43 17 44 45 46 18 47 48 19 49 50 20 51 52 21 53 54 55 22 56 57 23 58 59 24 60 61 62 63 64 65 25 Abstract 1 2 3 4 26 Tourism and recreation are large industries employing millions of people and contribute over 5 6 27 US$2.01 trillion to the global economy.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Regeneration of Treculia Africana Decne. from Embryo Explants on the Media of Murashige and Skoog
    IN VITRO REGENERATION OF TRECULIA AFRICANA DECNE. FROM EMBRYO EXPLANTS ON THE MEDIA OF MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS) AND GAMBORG ET AL. (B5) BY ISAAC, UGONNA GLORIA PG/M.Sc./13/65674 PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (PLANT PHYSIOLOGY) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. SUPERVISOR: PROF. C. E. A. OKEZIE NOVEMBER, 2015. i CERTIFICATION Isaac, Ugonna Gloria, a postgraduate student of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, with registration number: PG/ M.Sc./13/65674 have satisfactorily completed the requirements for the course and research work for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The work contained in the project report is original and has not been submitted in part or whole for any diploma or degree of this or in any other university. DR. NKECHI O. NWEZE PROF. C. E. A. OKEZIE (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT) (SUPERVISOR) EXTERNAL EXAMINER ii TITLE PAGE IN VITRO REGENERATION OF TRECULIA AFRICANA DECNE. FROM EMBRYO EXPLANTS ON THE MEDIA OF MURASHIGE AND SKOOG (MS) AND GAMBORG ET AL. (B5) iii DEDICATION This project report is dedicated to God Almighty for his immeasurable love. iv ACKNOWLEDEGEMENT My profound gratitude goes to my supervisor Prof. C. E. A. Okezie who in spite of his tight schedules, found out time to guide, correct and proof read this work at various stages. His chastisements and corrections made this work a success.
    [Show full text]
  • THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants
    THE IRISH RED DATA BOOK 1 Vascular Plants T.G.F.Curtis & H.N. McGough Wildlife Service Ireland DUBLIN PUBLISHED BY THE STATIONERY OFFICE 1988 ISBN 0 7076 0032 4 This version of the Red Data Book was scanned from the original book. The original book is A5-format, with 168 pages. Some changes have been made as follows: NOMENCLATURE has been updated, with the name used in the 1988 edition in brackets. Irish Names and family names have also been added. STATUS: There have been three Flora Protection Orders (1980, 1987, 1999) to date. If a species is currently protected (i.e. 1999) this is stated as PROTECTED, if it was previously protected, the year(s) of the relevant orders are given. IUCN categories have been updated as follows: EN to CR, V to EN, R to V. The original (1988) rating is given in brackets thus: “CR (EN)”. This takes account of the fact that a rare plant is not necessarily threatened. The European IUCN rating was given in the original book, here it is changed to the UK IUCN category as given in the 2005 Red Data Book listing. MAPS and APPENDIX have not been reproduced here. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to the following for their help in the preparation of the Irish Red Data Book:- Christine Leon, CMC, Kew for writing the Preface to this Red Data Book and for helpful discussions on the European aspects of rare plant conservation; Edwin Wymer, who designed the cover and who, as part of his contract duties in the Wildlife Service, organised the computer applications to the data in an efficient and thorough manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Lquat Arctic Alpine Plants
    The Late -Quaternary History of Arctic and Alpine Plants and their future in a warming world Hilary H. Birks University of Bergen How do we reconstruct the history of flora and vegetation? Where do we find our evidence and how do we interpret it? The history of the history What were past climates like and how did they change? How did plants survive climate change? The most recent glacial climate – the Younger Dryas How did arctic and alpine plants react to Holocene warming? What does the future hold for Arctic and Alpine plants? 1 1. Evidence of past flora and its changes Fossils • Pollen - microscopic • Macrofossils – can be seen with naked eye. Seeds, fruits, leaves, etc. Molecular DNA analyses of living arctic alpines can complement the fossil record. Find different populations in space today and deduce past migrations Fossil DNA extraction from sediments or plant remains is becoming increasingly sophisticated Pollen grains and spores • Walls are sporopollenin, very resistant to decay • Preserve well in anaerobic environments, e.g. lake sediments, peats • Can be extracted from the sediment matrix using chemicals to remove the organic and inorganic sediment components • Counted under a high-power microscope • Frequent enough to allow percentage calculations of abundance 2 BUT - in glacial and late-glacial environments: • Wind-dispersed pollen types dominate the assemblages (grasses, sedges, Artemisia ) • Arctic and alpine herbs generally produce rather little pollen • They are frequently insect pollinated • In landscapes with plants
    [Show full text]
  • (JASR) VOL. 10, No. 2, 2010 91 POTENTIALS of Treculia Africana
    Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) VOL. 10, No. 2, 2010 POTENTIALS OF Treculia africana DECNE – AN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF SOUTHERN NIGERIA NUGA, O.O.,* AND OFODILE, E.A.U Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Treculia africana Decne is an important multipurpose indigenous tree species in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. The species is best known for the edible seeds and oil it produces. In addition, it has numerous environmental, socio-economic, traditional and industrial uses. However, the species is declining at an alarming rate and thus, needs priority conservation. This decline is due to a number of factors of which are high rate of deforestation, increased population pressure, non-improvement and non-cultivation of the species. Urgent conservation measures are required to save the species. The conservation strategies could include; mass propagation and plantation establishment of the species, development of early- maturing and dwarf varieties as well as introduction of ‘Ukwa’ trade fair. Keywords: Forest Fruit Tree, Treculia africana, Endangered, Southern Nigeria INTRODUCTION Treculia africana is a multipurpose tree species commonly known as African breadfruit. It belongs to the family Moraceae and it grows in the forest zone, particularly the coastal swamp zone (Agbogidi and Onomeregbor, 2008). It is widely grown in Southern Nigeria for its seeds and it is known by various tribal names in the country. Such names include ―afon‖ (Yoruba), ―barafuta‖ (Hausa), ―ize‖ (Bini), ―eyo‖ (Igala), ―ediang‖ (Efik) and ―ukwa‖ (Igbo) [Irvine (1981) Onweluzo and Odume (2008)].
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecological Role of the Bonobo: Seed Dispersal Service in Congo Forests
    The ecological role of the Bonobo : seed dispersal service in Congo forests David Beaune To cite this version: David Beaune. The ecological role of the Bonobo : seed dispersal service in Congo forests. Agricultural sciences. Université de Bourgogne, 2012. English. NNT : 2012DIJOS096. tel-00932505 HAL Id: tel-00932505 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932505 Submitted on 17 Jan 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Bourgogne Discipline : Sciences Vie par David Beaune le 28 novembre 2012 The Ecological Role of the Bonobo Seed dispersal service in Congo forests Directeurs de thèse Pr Loïc Bollache, uB Pr François Bretagnolle, uB Dr Barbara Fruth, MPI Jury Bollache, Loïc Prof. Université de Bourgogne Directeur Bretagnolle, François Prof. Université de Bourgogne Directeur Hart, John Dr. Lukuru Research Fundation Rapporteur Krief, Sabrina Dr. MNHN Paris Examinateur McKey, Doyle Prof. Université de Montpellier Rapporteur © Aux jardiniers des forêts. Puissent-ils encore vivre… tout simplement 1 Remerciements Financeurs : Le projet « Rôle écologique des bonobos » a bénéficié de diverses sources de financements : .
    [Show full text]