Isabela Maciel Monteiro Carneiro Biologia, História Natural E Efeitos De Tamanho De Grupo No Desenvolvimento De Halysidota Pear

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Isabela Maciel Monteiro Carneiro Biologia, História Natural E Efeitos De Tamanho De Grupo No Desenvolvimento De Halysidota Pear UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA DE BIOMAS TROPICAIS Isabela Maciel Monteiro Carneiro Biologia, história natural e efeitos de tamanho de grupo no desenvolvimento de Halysidota pearsoni (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Ouro preto 2020 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA DE BIOMAS TROPICAIS Isabela Maciel Monteiro Carneiro Biologia, história natural e efeitos de tamanho de grupo sobre o desenvolvimento de Halysidota pearsoni (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre Orientadora: Dra. Marina do Vale Beirão Co-orientadora: Dra. Laura Braga Ouro preto 2020 2 SISBIN - SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS E INFORMAÇÃO C289b Carneiro, Isabela Maciel Monteiro . CarBiologia, história natural e efeitos de tamanho de grupo no desenvolvimento de H. pearsoni (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). [manuscrito] / Isabela Maciel Monteiro Carneiro. - 2019. Car59 f.: il.: color., gráf., tab.. CarOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Marina do Vale Beirão. CarCoorientadora: Dra. Laura Braga. CarDissertação (Mestrado Acadêmico). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais. CarÁrea de Concentração: Evolução e Funcionamento de Ecossistemas. Car1. Lepidóptero . 2. Insetos - Populações. 3. História natural. I. Beirão, Marina do Vale. II. Braga, Laura. III. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. IV. Título. CDU 591.5 Bibliotecário(a) Responsável: Celina Brasil Luiz - CRB6 - 1589 Sumário Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introdução geral ............................................................................................................................ 7 Referências .................................................................................................................................. 10 Capítulo 1 .................................................................................................................................... 14 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 15 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................... 16 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Stages ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Natural enemies ...................................................................................................................... 24 Discussion and conclusion ........................................................................................................... 25 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 28 References ................................................................................................................................... 28 Capítulo 2 .................................................................................................................................... 35 Introdução ................................................................................................................................... 35 Material e Métodos ..................................................................................................................... 36 Espécie estudada ..................................................................................................................... 36 Experimento e levantamento de dados ..................................................................................... 37 Análises estatísticas ................................................................................................................. 38 Resultados ................................................................................................................................... 39 Cápsulas cefálicas .................................................................................................................... 40 Tempo de instar entre gerações e tratamentos ..................................................................... 43 Tempos dos estágios ............................................................................................................... 45 Pupas ....................................................................................................................................... 47 Adultos .................................................................................................................................... 48 Mortalidade e número ideal ................................................................................................... 48 Discussão ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Agradecimentos .......................................................................................................................... 55 Referências .................................................................................................................................. 56 4 Agradecimentos Primeiramente dedico este trabalho à minha filha Catarina Monteiro Carneiro Ruiz, que sempre foi e sempre será meu motivo de vida. Dedico a ela a força de vontade, a perseverança, o esforço e os méritos de realizar um sonho e que sirva de exemplo para ela continuar seguindo seus caminhos e não esmorecer nunca! Agradeço primeiramente aos meus pais e meu irmão, que me ajudaram como puderam nessa trajetória acadêmica e agora podem colher os frutos do meu trabalho, que com tanta dedicação foi realizado. Agradeço também os momentos de distração e risadas proporcionadas com tanto carinho e que serviram para tirar um pouco da tensão resultante da vida de pesquisador. Agradeço ao apoio e por acreditarem em mim, embora a questão “porque mesmo você está fazendo isso? ” estivesse sempre presente nos papos... Mas pra mim sempre foi e ainda é gratificante explicar para vocês as descobertas que meu trabalho me proporcionou. Rodolfo, além do meu trabalho, vai me ouvir explicar tudo sobre biologia. Agradeço também a Professora Doutora Yasmini Antonini por me apoiar, incentivar (quando digo incentivar, é fazer a gente sofrer para aprender... brincadeira!), além de conselhos fundamentais para meu desenvolvimento enquanto profissional, e principalmente, por ceder o Laboratório de Biodiversidade para a realização deste trabalho tão trabalhoso! Agradeço também a Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto pelo incentivo e apoio financeiro que foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação. Agradeço aos amigos do “Credo, que delícia!”, Cecília, Vanessa’s, Paula, Natasha, Eloá, Hernani que foram colegas de trabalho e de lazer. Momentos prazerosos que faziam nos esquecer das qualificações e as vezes dos nossos trabalhos! Um imenso prazer trabalhar com cada um de vocês! Esse parágrafo é dedicado aos amigos Francielle e Richard (se esse parágrafo faltasse, eu certamente não estaria aqui terminando minha dissertação..). Agradeço pela amizade sincera e literalmente para todos os momentos. Desde momentos acadêmicos a momentos pessoais, vocês nunca 5 deixaram (e ainda não deixam) a gente esmorecer. Posso falar que é “tri- recíproco” porque se vocês vierem com drama, já sabem... Já estou esperando a dissertação de vocês e se não tiver um parágrafo pra mim, não vou falar nada com vocês, nada! Agradeço a Professora Maíra Morais, que foi minha orientadora de TCC e que acompanhou literalmente desde o início minhas observações ecológicas e me ouviu quando essa ideia surgiu lá no quinto período da graduação. Embora não tenha sido possível terminar o trabalho na faculdade, fico extremamente satisfeita e realizada de desenvolver uma ideia puramente minha e que deu certo! Obrigada por tudo que me ensinou. Sem você, meus conhecimentos em ecologia e estatística seriam mínimos quando eu entrei para o mestrado. A minha orientadora Marina Beirão, eu nem tenho palavras para descrever como foi ser sua orientanda. A liberdade de poder escolher o que fazer ou não no meu trabalho, os conselhos do que seria melhor, além de todo o conhecimento de R que eu aprendi. Foi para mim uma fase maravilhosa poder contar com você, e além da academia também foi parceira. Sou imensamente grata por ter te conhecido! A minha co-orientadora Laura Braga, eu jamais imaginaria que naquele primeiro curso de introdução a lepidóptera que eu te conheci, você se tornaria minha co. E pensar que pedi para autografar meu livro “Lagartas do Cerrado”! Foi um prazer te conhecer e aprender sobre “nossas meninas”. E vi também que gostei mais de trabalhar com elas do que com os adultos! Obrigada por tudo que me ensinou! Aos professores do Uni BH, em especial Bruno Kraemer, que sempre acreditou em mim e em meu potencial, que me ajudou quando fui fazer o curso de verão de entomologia na USP, e que sempre me ensinou as melhores coisas da biologia. Aos colegas de trabalho, Filipe Gudin e Thalles Platiny, pela parceria nos trabalhos e identificação dos
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