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Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the Formulation of a Master Plan on Logistics in the Northern Economic Corridor, Kenya

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Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the Formulation of a Master Plan on Logistics in the Northern Economic Corridor, Kenya Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the Formulation of a Master Plan on Logistics in the Northern Economic Corridor, Kenya Volume I: Draft SEA Report October 2016 www.erm.com The world’s leading sustainability consultancy Proponent: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Report Title: Draft SEA Report for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the Formulation of a Master Plan on Logistics in the Northern Economic Corridor, Kenya. Name and Address of Firm of Experts: ERM East Africa Limited P. O. Box 100798-00101 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. + 254 20 49 38 113/4 Registration No. of Firm of Exerts: 7264 Signed: Date: 25th October 2016 For: ERM East Africa Ltd Michael Jon Everett Lead EIA/Audit Expert No 7263 Name and Address of Proponent: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, PO Box 30260-00100, Transcom House, Ngong Road, Nairobi, Kenya. Signed: ___________________________ Date: _____________________ For: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Eng. Francis Gitau, State Department of Infrastructure ACRONYMS ACZ Agro Climatic Zone AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones ASAL Arid and Semi-Arid Land AZE Alliance for Zero Extinction BID Background Information Document CBD Central Business District CR Critically Endangered DD Data Deficient DEM Digital Elevation Model DOSHS Department of Occupational Safety and Health DUV Direct Use Value E&S Environmental and Social EACC East African Coastal Current EAM Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity EARS East African Rift System EBAs Endemic Bird Areas ECC Equatorial Counter Current EHS Environmental, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMCA Environmental Management Coordination Act (1999) EN Endangered ERM Environmental Resources Management ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMMP Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan EV Existence Value EX Extinct FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FR Forest Reserve GCA Groundwater Conservation Area GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Green House Gas GIIP Good International Industry Practice GISD Global Invasive Species Database GoK Government of Kenya GR Game Reserve IBA Important Bird Area IFC International Finance Corporation ITCZ Inter Tropical Convergence Zone IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IUV Indirect Use Value I&APs Interested & Affected Parties JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JST JICA Study Team KBA Key Biodiversity Area KFS Kenya Forest Service KIPPRA Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis KNBS Kenya National Bureau of Statistics KWS Kenya Wildlife Service KWTA Kenya Water Tower Agency LC Least Concern MAB Man and Biosphere Reserve MGR Meter Gauge Railway MoTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure MoWT Ministry of Works and Transport MP Master Plan MPA Marine Protected Area MR Main Arterial Road NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCTTCA Northern Corridor Transit Transport Coordination Authority ND GAIN (University of) Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index NEC Northern Economic Corridor NEMA National Environment Management Authority NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NP National Park NR National Reserve NT Near Threatened PA Protected Area PPP Policy, Plan or Program SC Somali Current SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan TEV Total Economic Value ToR Terms of Reference UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNEP FI United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural UNESCO Organization USGS United States Geological Survey VU Vulnerable WCMA World Conservation Monitoring Centre WHO World Health Organization WHS World Heritage Site WRMA Water Resources Management Authority WS Wildlife Sanctuary ABBREVIATIONS % Percent µg Microgram ⁰C Degrees Celsius COx Carbonaceous Oxides CO2 Carbon Dioxide dB Decibel G Gram H2S Hydrogen Sulphide Ha Hectare KES Kenya Shillings kg Kilograms km Kilometres km2 Square kilometres Kshs Kenya Shillings l Litre M Million m Metre m2 Square meters Ma Million Years Ago Mw Moment Magnitude N Nitrogen Ni Nickel NOX Nitrogenous Oxides O2 Oxygen Pb Lead PMX Particulate Matter S Sulphur SOX Sulphurous Oxides USD United States Dollars Zn Zinc NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY PPP: Master Plan on Logistics for the Northern Economic Corridor (NEC), along with an integrated regional development strategy consistent with sub-regional and national development plans in Kenya. PPP Owner: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MoTI). Master Plan Study Team The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Study Team (JST), consisting of the following 16 experts, undertook the Master Plan study: • Team Leader/ Development Planning; • Logistics Plan; • Infrastructure Development; • Logistics Infrastructure 1; • Logistics Infrastructure 2 (Railway); • Freight Traffic Analysis and Demand Forecasting; • Industrial Development and Investment Promotion; • Public-Private Partnership; • Mineral Resources and Energy; • Power; • Agriculture and Agri-Business; • Urban Development/Land Use Specialist; • Water; • Economist (Socio Economic Analysis); • Environmentalist (Social and Environmental Considerations); and • Coordinator/Human Resource Development. Northern Economic Corridor The Northern Economic Corridor (NEC) is a multi-modal corridor, consisting of road, rail, pipeline, and inland waterways transport, and is recognized as a significant corridor for logistics in East Africa. The main road network runs from Mombasa Sea Port through Kenya and Uganda, to Rwanda and Burundi, and to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The road network also links Kenya and Uganda to Juba in South Soudan. There are some obstacles presently in the NEC that have led to an increase in transport costs and significant time delays within the NEC ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT JST/MOTI I and have hindered the economic development of the region, specifically inland areas. These obstacles include: • inadequate infrastructure; • poor connectivity of modes; • long delays of cargo at the port and border posts; and • lack of goods to transport for the return trip from the inland area to Mombasa port. Based on these obstacles, the overall objective of the Master Plan is to improve logistics for the NEC as well as to provide an integrated regional development strategy consistent with sub-regional and national development plans. It is hoped that this will: • spur regional economic development within Kenya, as well as Uganda, • improve the development of the industrial, agricultural, mining, petroleum, manufacturing and tourism sectors, • lead to transport and logistics infrastructure development, • result in an efficient and integrated multi-modal transportation system, • result in the diversification of financial sources for infrastructure through PPP arrangements and infrastructure bonds, and • reduce the bottlenecks to efficient cargo transportation, such as road and port congestion, as well as cross border delays. Master Plan Development Vision and Strategies The development vision for the NEC is: ‘to be the leading economic corridor with integrated transport and logistics systems in Africa’. The Development Vision has four key words/phrases which make the NEC distinct from other corridors, and these are: • leading, to be the leading, most efficient and reliable in Africa and the success can be applied to other corridors, • integrated transportation system, which offers diversified and multi-modal options (road, rail, waterway, and pipeline) and facilitates regional integration in East Africa, • integrated logistic hub, in which multi-modal options are available, and industrial areas connected and promoted by transport and logistic infrastructure, • economic corridor, stimulate regional economic development in the area surrounding the corridor through development of ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT JST/MOTI II transport infrastructure, logistic facilities and creating industries (JST, 2016). The proposed Development Vision will be attained through the implementation of 5 strategies, namely regional, industrial, and transport strategies, which will be strengthened by organizational and policy strategy as illustrated in Figure 0.1 below. Figure 0.1 Proposed Five Strategies for the NEC Source: JST, 2016 Master Plan Target Areas: The target area of the Master Plan study covers the following routes and surrounding areas (1): • Main route o Mombasa – Nairobi – Tororo –Kampala – Katuna – Kigali (Rwanda) • Sub-routes o Eldoret – Nadapal – Juba (South Sudan) o Tororo – Gulu – Elegu – Juba o Kampala – Gulu – Elegu – Juba o Mbarara – Mpondwe – Kisangani (DRC) Overall Implementation Strategy (1) It is important to note that an SEA is also being carried out in Uganda, under consultation with NEMA Uganda ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT JST/MOTI III The JST has selected 23 flagship projects that can contribute to continued logistics improvement along the NEC, to future economic development of Kenya and Uganda, as well as the region. The primary aim of these flagship projects is to: • Solve future logistics bottlenecks along the NEC including at the port, roads, and logistic hubs, • Contribute to cross border infrastructure, such as pipelines and transmission lines, • Develop key industrial areas along the NEC, • Ensure power and water supply to identified key industrial areas, and • Support agribusiness and mining business developments. The locations of the 23 NEC flagship projects are shown in Figure 0.2 and Table 0.1 below: ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
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