DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,932,512 B2 Edler Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,932,512 B2 Edler Et Al US008932512B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,932,512 B2 Edler et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 13, 2015 (54) POLYMERS HAVING A HIGH INFRARED (58) Field of Classification Search ABSORPTION CAPACITY CPC ............ B29C 65/14: CO8K7/16; C08K9/02; ). CO8K7/OO (75) inventors: Eagle. The Piner USPC ............. 524/432, 430, 440; 156/272: 216/65; inzmeier, Gross-Zimmern (DE) 264/405, 482, 494,492, 319; 523/200, (73) Assignee: Merck Patent GmbH, Darmstadt (DE) See application file for523/216; complete 106/417, search 441,history. 442, 455 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (56) References Cited U.S.C. 154(b) by 602 days. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (21) Appl. No.: 12/063,817 4,702.964. A 10/1987 Hirano et al. 5,529,744 A * 6/1996 Tindale ......................... 264,532 (22) PCT Filed: Jul. 26, 2006 6,214,917 B1 * 4/2001 Linzmeier et al. ... 524/430 6,376,577 B2 * 4/2002 Kniess et al. ...... 523,215 (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2006/007385 2005/02531 17 A1* 11/2005 Pfaffet al. ......... ... 252/SOO 2006/0024476 A1 2/2006 Leland et al. .. ... 428,137 S371 (c)(1), 2007/01294.75 A1* 6, 2007 Sakata et al. ....... ... 524,306 (2), (4) Date: Feb. 14, 2008 2007/0173581 A1* 7/2007 Hager et al. .................. 524/430 2007/O1997 29 A1 8/2007 Siegel (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2007/019951 2007/0295689 A1* 12/2007 Clauss et al. .................... 216.65 PCT Pub. Date: Feb. 22, 2007 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data DE 35 25545 A1 1, 1986 DE 238877 9, 1986 US 2010/O139855A1 Jun. 10, 2010 DE O238877 A1 9, 1986 O O WO WO 2005036563 A2 4, 2005 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO WO2O06042714 * 10/2005 Aug. 15, 2005 (DE) ......................... 10 2005038 774 * cited by examiner (51) Int. Cl. Primary Examiner — James J Seidleck B29C 65/14 (2006.01) Assistant Examiner — Deve E Valdez CSK 7/16 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Millen, White, Zelano & CSK 9/02 (2006.01) Branigan, P.C. CSK 700 (2006.01) CSK 3/22 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT CSK 3/30 (2006.01) The present invention relates to polymers comprising absorp (52) U.S. Cl. tion pigments, which are distinguished by the fact that they CPC. C08K9/02 (2013.01); C08K 3/22 (2013.01); have high absorption in the near IR region, and to the use C08K 3/30 (2013.01); B29C 65/1416 (2013.01) thereof, in particular in thermoforming and in IR light weld USPC ........... 264/405; 524/430; 524/440,523/200; ing. 523/216; 106/417: 106/441; 106/442; 106/455; 264/482; 264/494; 264/492; 264/319 22 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet U.S. Patent Jan. 13, 2015 US 8,932,512 B2 Temperature behaviour of film under the influence of an IR emitter O 1OO 200 3OO 400 5OO 600 700 Time in Sec US 8,932,512 B2 1. 2 POLYMERS HAVINGA HIGH INFRARED region from 850 to 2500 nm, without changing the colour in ABSORPTION CAPACITY the visible region. Although the absorption pigment has very high absorption in the near IR, the pigment is itself virtually The present invention relates to polymers which are distin white and thus only influences the properties of the polymer, guished by the fact that they have high absorption in the near Such as colour and transparency, to an insignificant extent. IR region, and to the use thereof, in particular in thermoform Furthermore, the absorption pigment increases the thermal ing and in IR light welding. conductivity within the polymer matrix and accelerates poly The heating of plastics using IR radiation is widespread in merisation and curing processes. the area of thermoforming, Such as the deep drawing of plastic The invention therefore relates to polymers, preferably sheets and films, and the conditioning of preforms for stretch 10 thermoplastics, which comprise, as absorption pigment, pale blow moulding. However, this radiation is also employed for ortransparent particulate semiconductor materials or particu accelerating polymerisation and curing processes and the late Substrates coated with pale or transparent semiconductor welding of plastic parts. materials. The IR source used here are hot bodies which emit IR 15 Suitable pale or transparent semiconductor materials are radiation over a broad wavelength spectrum. The higher the preferably those which absorb in the near IR region, in par temperature of the radiating body, the higher also the emitted ticular in the region from 750 to 2500 nm. The particulate energy and the shorter the wavelength. The electromagnetic semiconductor materials are preferably spherical, needle spectrum of IR sources can be divided into three regions in shaped or flake-form particles or flake-form, spherical or accordance with their wavelength: needle-shaped Substrates coated with semiconductor materi als. The semiconductor materials are built up homogeneously IR type Wavelength (nm) Temperature C. from pale or transparent semiconductor materials or applied Short 1000-1500 1SOO-2700 as coating to a particulate Substrate. The semiconductor mate Moderate 1500-2SOO 750-1500 25 rials are preferably based on oxides and/or sulfides, such as, Long 3OOO-SOOO 200-7SO for example, indium oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, Zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, tin sulfide or mixtures thereof. More recent developments in emitter technology even Suitable semiconductor materials generally have particle reach wavelengths of up to 800 nm, i.e. as far as the region of sizes of 0.01 to 2000 um, preferably 0.1 to 100 um, in par visible light. 30 ticular 0.1 to 30 um. Since high-temperature emitters emit more energy, they The semiconductor materials either consist homoge represent the best heat source. However, most polymer neously of the said semiconductors or are particulate, prefer groups only exhibit good absorption in a range from 2900 to ably spherical, needle-shaped or flake-form substrates which 3700 and above 5500 nm. This means that the energy of very are mono- or multicoated with the said semiconductor mate effective high-temperature emitters cannot be utilised suffi 35 ciently for heating polymeric systems. rials. The substrates are preferably coated with only one layer. In the case of pigmented plastics, the situation is even more The substrates can be spherical, flake-form or needle complex, since the absorption and reflection of the pigment shaped. The shape of the particles is not crucial per se. In are now added. Black pigments have high absorption in the general, the particles have a diameter of 0.01-2000 um, par near infrared and therefore heat up very quickly in the short 40 ticularly 0.1-300 um and in particular 0.5-60 um. The particu wave IR. White pigments, by contrast, reflect visible light larly preferred substrates are spherical and flake-form sub very well, and this property is valid into the IR region. In the strates. Suitable flake-form substrates have a thickness case of pale colours, this results in a significant delay in between 0.02 and 5um, in particular between 0.1 and 4.5um. heating compared with black or dark colours. Owing to this The size in the two other dimensions is generally between 0.1 delay, it not only takes much longer until, for example, a pale 45 and 1000 um, preferably between 1 and 500 um and in par plastic sheet has reached the forming temperature necessary ticular between 1 and 60 um. for thermoforming, but the long dwell time may even result in The substrates are preferably natural or synthetic mica damage to the plastic Surface. flakes, SiO flakes, Al2O flakes, glass flakes, aluminium However, the absorption pigments known from the prior flakes, BiOCl flakes, SiO, beads, silica gel, kieselguhr, glass art, such as, for example, carbon black, all have the disadvan 50 beads, hollow glass beads, TiO, beads, polymer beads, for tage that they permanently colour the plastic. In addition, they example comprising polystyrene or polyamide, or TiO2 have to be added in comparatively high concentrations and needles, or mixtures of the said Substrates. are frequently toxicologically unacceptable. The coating of the particulate substrates with the semicon The object of the present invention was to find a pale or ductor materials is either known or can be carried out by white plastic colouring which simultaneously has good 55 processes known to the person skilled in the art. The sub absorption in the near infrared region and can be carried out in strates are preferably coated by hydrolysis of the correspond a simple manner. The absorber material must exhibit pro ing metal salts, such as, for example, metal chlorides or metal nounced absorption and an adequate reaction in this specific Sulfates, metal alkoxides or carboxylic acid salts in aqueous NIR region. or conventional solvent solution. The absorber here should be easy to incorporate into the 60 In the case of the semiconductors with a homogeneous polymer system, have high transparency and only be structure and also in the case of the Substrates coated with one employed in low concentrations. or more semiconductor materials, the semiconductor material Surprisingly, it has now been found that the addition of preferably has a microcrystalline structure. absorption pigments based on finely divided pale or transpar Particularly preferred absorption pigments are flake-form ent semiconductor materials gives a polymer system which 65 or spherical tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) has high absorption in the near IR, in particular in the region and mica flakes coated with ITO, tin oxide orantimony oxide, from 750 to >2500 nm, very particularly preferably in the and mixtures of the said oxides.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Welding of Plastics: Fundamentals and New Developments
    REVIEW ARTICLE D. Grewell*, A. Benatar Agricultural and Biosystems Eingineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Welding of Plastics: Fundamentals and New Developments serves as the material that joins the parts and transmits the load This paper provides a general introduction to welding funda- through the joint. In welding or fusion bonding, heat is used to mentals (section 2) followed by sections on a few selected melt or soften the polymer at the interface to enable polymer welding processes that have had significant developments or intermolecular diffusion across the interface and chain entan- improvements over the last few years. The processes that are glements to give the joint strength. Each of these categories is discussed are friction welding (section 3), hot plate welding comprised of a variety of joining methods that can be used in (section 4), ultrasonic welding (section 5), laser/IR welding a wide range of applications. This paper is devoted to welding (section 6), RF welding (section 7) and hot gas/extrusion weld- processes only. Accordingly, only thermoplastics are consid- ing (section 8). ered, because thermosets cannot be welded without the addi- tion of tie-layers such as thermoplastics layers. Greater details on welding processes can be found in several monographs [1 to 4]. 1 Introduction to Joining Welding processes are often categorized and identified by the heating method that is used. All processes can be divided Despite designers’ goals of molding single component pro- into two general categories: internal heating and external heat- ducts, there are many products too complex to mold as a single ing, see Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Welding Technologies for Thermoplastic Composites in Aerospace Applications
    doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04033912 A Review of Welding Technologies for Thermoplastic Composites in Aerospace Applications Anahi Pereira da Costa1, Edson Cocchieri Botelho1,*, Michelle Leali Costa2, Nilson Eiji Narita3, José Ricardo Tarpani4 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho– Guaratinguetá/SP – Brazil 2 Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço – São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil 3 EMBRAER– São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil 4 Universidade de São Paulo – São Carlos/SP, Brazil Abstract: Reinforced thermoplastic structural detail parts and assemblies are being developed to be included in current aeronautic programs. Thermoplastic composite technology intends to achieve improved properties and low cost processes. Welding of detail parts permits to obtain assemblies with weight reduction and cost saving. Currently, joining composite materials is a matter of intense research because traditional joining technologies are not directly transfer- able to composite structures. Fusion bonding and the use of thermoplastic as hot melt adhesives offer an alternative to mechanical fastening and thermosetting adhesive bonding. Fusion bonding technology, which originated from the thermoplastic polymer industry, has gained a new interest with the introduction of thermoplastic matrix composites, which are currently regarded as candidate for primary aircraft structures. This paper reviewed the state of the art of the welding technologies devised to aerospace industry, including the ¿elds that Universidade Estadual Paulista -~lio de Mesquita Filho and
    [Show full text]
  • Weldability of Linear Vibration Welded Dissimilar Amorphous Thermoplastics for Automotive External Lighting Applications
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 10-30-2020 Weldability of Linear Vibration Welded Dissimilar Amorphous Thermoplastics for Automotive External Lighting Applications Stephen Daniel Austin Passador University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Passador, Stephen Daniel Austin, "Weldability of Linear Vibration Welded Dissimilar Amorphous Thermoplastics for Automotive External Lighting Applications" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 8465. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/8465 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Weldability of Linear Vibration Welded Dissimilar Amorphous Thermoplastics for Automotive
    [Show full text]
  • Plastics and Composites Welding Handbook
    CARL HANSER VERLAG David Grewell, Avraham Benatar, Joon B. Park Plastics and Composites Welding Handbook 3-446-19534-3 www.hanser.de 1.4 Goals of the Handbook 7 External heating methods rely on convection and/or conduction to heat the weld surface. These processes include: hot tool, hot gas, extrusion, implant induction, and implant resist- ance welding. Plastic and Composite Welding Processes External Internal Heating Heating Heated Tool Chapter 3 Mechanical Electromagnetic Hot Gas Ultrasonic Radio Frequency Chapter 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 11 Extrusion Vibration Infrared and Laser Chapter 5 Chapter 9 Chapter 12 Implant Induction Spin Microwave Chapter 6 Chapter 10 Chapter 13 Implant Resistance Chapter 7 Figure 1.6 Classification of plastic and composites welding processes Internal mechanical heating methods rely on the conversion of mechanical energy into heat through surface friction and intermolecular friction. These processes include: ultrasonic, vibration, and spin welding. Internal electromagnetic heating methods rely on the absorption and conversion of electro- magnetic radiation into heat. These processes include: infrared, laser, radio frequency, and microwave welding. 1.4 Goals of the Handbook This handbook was developed to provide the user with a resource for information about all welding methods. Each chapter was developed by experts in the field with a wide breadth of information dealing with all the welding aspects including materials, process phenome- nology, equipment, and joint design. The authors also included many application examples 2.4 Pressing 19 Figure 2.9 Schematic of two surfaces in contact To consider the deformation of one asperity, it is possible to expand the faying surface as shown in Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Approvals and Standards 3Rd Party Control and Standards Double Containment Piping System General Information Connection System L
    Index Material Properties General properties page 103 - 107 Material Properties Specific properties page 108 - 110 Applications page 111 Pressure curves and component operating pressures page 112 - 123 Creep modulus curves page 124 - 128 Permissible buckling pressures page 129 - 132 Behaviour at abrasive fluids page 133 Chemical resistancy page 134 - 136 Installation Guidelines Transport, Handling, Storage page 137 Installation Guidelines General installation guidelines page 138 Machining page 139 Calculation Guidelines System of units page 140 SDR, Component operating pressure page 141 Operating pressure for water dangerous media page 142 Wall thickness, External pressure, necessary stiffening for page 143 - 145 pipes with buckling strain Pipe cross section, Determination of the hydraulic pressure page 146 - 149 Calculation Guidelines loss Flow Nomogramm page 150 Dog bone load page 151 Support distances, Support distance at fixed piping page 152 - 158 systems, Change in length, Minimum straight length Buried piping systems page 159 - 160 Connection Methods General standard, Application limits page 161 - 162 Connection Methods Heating element butt welding, pressure test page 163 - 173 Non-contact butt welding (IR-welding) page 174 Heating element socket welding page 175 - 178 Electrofusion welding page 179 - 184 Hot gas welding page 185 - 188 Extrusion welding page 189 - 191 Detachable joints page 192 Double Containment Piping System General Information page 193 - 194 Connection System page 195 - 197 Double Containment Piping Leakage Detection System page 198 Installation page 199 - 201 Approvals and Standards 3rd party control and standards page 202 - 203 German page 1 - 102 Approvals and Standards Material Properties General properties of PE Advantages of PE (Polyehylene) Material Properties z UV-resistance (black PE) Material Properties As a result of continuous development of PE z Flexibility molding materials, the efficiency of PE pipes and z Low specific weight of app.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Welding
    Infrared Welding Content Process description 1. Introduction 2. Process 3. Advantages of infrared heating up 4. Infrared radiator units (IR) 4.1 Short - wave radiator 4.2 Bat - wing radiator 4.3 Metal - foil radiator 5. KLN infrared welding machine technologie 5.1 Vibration welding machines with integrated pre-heating 5.1.1 The LVW Program 5.2 Hotplate welding machines - infrared machines 6. Summary KLN Ultraschall AG page 1 02/2014 Infrared Welding Process description 1. Introduction For welding by means of infrared technology short-wave (0,78-2 µm) as well as medium-wave (2-4 µm) infrared radiation of the spectrum can be used. This depends particularly on the radiation absorption capacity of the respective polymer material. The more precisely the radiator is adapted to the absorption capacity of the polymer material, the higher is the degree of efficiency, that means the conversion into warmth. Short waves are absorbed in deeper layers of the material, whereas medium waves heat it up more at the surface. Additives like carbon black lead to absorption of the largest part of energy at the surface. Since in most cases short-waves have a higher capacity (Watt/cm radiator length) and medium-wave metal-foil radiators are absorbed at the surface, the material surface can be impaired thermally. The parameters, capacity, radiation time and distance must be adjusted and optimized accordingly. The nearer the radiation source is positioned at the spot to be heated up and the better the ray is focussed, the faster the material will be heated up. 2. Process The welding process is very similar to that of hot plate welding (please see picture).
    [Show full text]
  • Plastic Pipes in the Industry: the Right Choice! Legal Details / Editor
    Plastic Pipes in the Industry: The right choice! Legal details / Editor: Kunststoffrohrverband e.V. Kennedyallee 1-5 53175 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-(0)2 28 / 9 14 77-0 Fax: +49-(0)2 28 / 9 14 77-19 e-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.krv.de oder http://www.wipo.krv.de 2 Contents Introduction Page 4 General requirements for piping systems in the chemical process Page 5 industry (CPI) The chemical resistance of plastic pipes Page 6 Standardization / Quality assurance / Approval Page 7 Sustainability Page 8 Materials Page 10 Jointing techniques Page 15 Special Requirements of Plastics Page 18 Versatile piping concept Page 19 Examples of applications Page 20 Quo vadis industrial piping? Page 24 The Kunststoffrohrverband e.V. Page 25 Members of industrial pipes group Page 26 3 Einleitung Seit nunmehr 60 Jahren bestimmen Kunst- stoffe unseren Alltag. Ein modernes Auto ist ohne Kunststoff undenkbar, Verpa- ckungsfolien schützen unsere Nahrungs- mittel, Kunststoffrohre transportieren Gas und Wasser. Hochleistungsfolien versie- geln Deponien und feinste Kunststofffasern Introduction sind die Basis für moderne Sport- und During the last 60 years plastics have changed our lives High performance geomembranes secure durable sealing of Funktionskleidung. more than we could ever have imagined. A modern car con- landfills and plastic fibres represent the basis for modern structed without any plastics is unthinkable, packaging films sportswear respectively functional clothing. prevent our food from spoiling and gas as well as water are conveyed through plastic pipes. Bild: BMW Amaturentafel Bild: High Voltage Kabel Wesentliche Bedeutung haben die Kunststoffe für die chemische Industrie. Vor ca. 60Jahren wurden die ersten Kunststoffrohre in Frankfurt bei der Fa.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 INFRARED HEATING AND WELDING OF THERMOPLASTICS AND COMPOSITES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Yang Shiau Chen, B.S., M.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonding of Thermoplastic Material – a Literature Review
    International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 | May-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 BONDING OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL – A LITERATURE REVIEW Pravinkumar R. Meda1, Pritesh R Patel2 1Mechanical Department, Babaria Institute of Technology (005), Varnama-Vadodara, Gujarat, India. 2Asst. prof, Mechanical Department, Babaria Institute of Technology (005), Varnama-Vadodara, Gujarat, India. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The paper provides a general information related to Fusion bonding or welding of Thermoplastic materials along with various processes carried out for bonding. The various welding techniques and the corresponding manufacturing methodologies, the required equipment, the effects of processing parameters on weld performance and quality, In many welding process techniques are applying we can join thermoplastics material Joining of thermoplastic composites is an important step in the manufacturing of aerospace thermoplastic composite structures. Joining of thermoplastic composites can be categorized into mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, co-consolidation, and fusion bonding or welding. Fusion bonding or welding has great potential for the joining, assembly, and repair of thermoplastic composite components. The process of fusion-bonding involves heating and melting the polymer on the bond surfaces of the components.
    [Show full text]
  • And Deteriorating Environments on Polypropylene by Infrared Microscopy
    QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND DETERIORATING ENVIRONMENTS ON POLYPROPYLENE BY INFRARED MICROSCOPY Vom Fachbereich Chemie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von M. Sc. Subin Damodaran aus Kerala, India Referent: Professor Dr. Matthias Rehahn Korreferent: Professor Dr. Markus Busch Tag der Einreichung: 30.03.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23.05.2016 Darmstadt 2016 D 17 Diese Arbeit wurde unter der Leitung von Herrn Professor Dr. Matthias Rehahn in der Zeit von Januar 2012 bis November 2014 am Fraunhofer LBF (ehemals Deutsches Kunststoff-Institut, DKI) durchgeführt. ii Publication List Journal articles 1. S. Damodaran, T. Schuster, K. Rode, A. Sanoria, R. Brüll, N. Stöhr. Measuring the orientation of chains in polypropylene welds by infrared microscopy: A tool to understand the impact of thermo-mechanical treatment and processing. Polymer (2015) 60, 125-136. 2. S. Damodaran, T. Schuster, K. Rode, A. Sanoria, R. Brüll, M. Wenzel, M. Bastian. Monitoring the effect of chlorine on the ageing of polypropylene pipes by infrared microscopy. Polym. Degrad. Stab. (2015) 111, 7-19. 3. T. Schuster, S. Damodaran, K. Rode, F. Malz, R. Brüll, B. Gerets, M. Wenzel, M. Bastian. Quantification of highly oriented nucleating agent in PP-R by IR-microscopy, polarised light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Polymer (2014) 44, 1724-1736. 4. S. Damodaran, T. Schuster, K. Rode, A. Sanoria, R. Brüll, M. Wenzel, M. Bastian. Influence of the morphology of polypropylene on deterioration with chlorinated water. 2015 (in preparation) Poster presentations 1. Effect of Chlorinated hot water on Pipes Alpha and Beta Polypropylene.
    [Show full text]
  • Forward to Better Understanding of Optical
    BASF Corporation FORWARD TO BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF COLORED POLYAMIDES FOR THE INFRA-RED/LASER WELDING: PART I – EFFICIENCY OF POLYAMIDES FOR INFRA-RED WELDING Abstract localized thermoplastic(s) melting and subsequent welding of the parts: The influence of a wide range of the infrared (IR) wavelengths (from 830 to 1,064 nm) on the optical • Non-contact laser welding (NCLW). properties of welded thermoplastics was evaluated for • Through-transmission laser welding (TTLW). unfilled, filled and reinforced polyamide 6, 66 and amorphous grades. Presented results and developed By heat generation, melt layers and inter-phase recommendations will help, designers, technologists and formation, LW methods may be classified into the materials scientists in welded parts design, materials following groups: selection and new materials development for various laser welding (LW) applications. • Scanning (moving) of the laser beam along the weld contour [1-5]; Introduction • Simultaneous heat generation by the family of laser beams, delivered by fiber-optic at the contour of the Infrared/laser through-transmission welding weld [6,9]. (TTLW) is an innovative method of joining technology for various thermoplastics. While many development and Analysis of the differences of these LW methods research programs were oriented towards optimization of is very important for clear understanding of the mechanical performance of the weld and evaluation of requirements for material(s) selection and parts design. absorption characteristics [1, 5-6], only a few studies [2-3, 7-8] concentrated on: Non-Contact Laser Welding (NCLW) • Characterization of transmittance and absorption of NCLW is typically used for joining rigid colored polymers and plastics; thermoplastics.
    [Show full text]
  • Welding of Thermoplastic Materials Using Co2 Laser
    Diyala Journal ISSN 1999-8716 of Engineering Printed in Iraq Sciences Vol. 05, No. 01, pp.40-51, June 2012 WELDING OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS USING CO2 LASER Asst. Lect. Fayroz A. Sabah Asst. Lect. Sanaa N. Mohammed Electrical Engineering Dep. Manufacturing Operations Engineering Dep. College of Engineering Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering Al-Mustansiriya University Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] (Received:18/10/2010 ; Accepted:13/3/2011) ABSTRACT:- The welding of thermoplastics using CO2 laser achieved, two different types of thermoplastic materials used which are; Perspex (PMMA) which is the abbreviation of polymethyl methacrylate and (HDPE) which is the abbreviation of high density polyethylene. Similar or different materials can be welded together by laser beam but in this work similar polymers have been welded (i.e PMMA tube to PMMA tube and HDPE plate to HDPE plate). Mechanical properties for these materials measured after welding, two CW CO2 lasers were used in the welding process have the wavelength of 10.6µm. The maximum power of the 1st one is 16W, and for the 2nd one is 25W. The experimental result showed that the penetration depth increases with increasing laser output when the welding speed is constant. Also a relation between spot width and depth calculated using MATLAB software program version 6.5 taken into account the effect of the following parameters, power used in welding, melting temperature of the materials, welding speed and the spot diameter of the laser beam. Keywords: CO2, HDPE, PMMA, MATLAB software, power, welding.
    [Show full text]