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Whangarei Harbour Marine Reserve Application Te Wahapu O Whangarei Harbour Marine Reserve Application Te Wahapu O Whangarei Terenga Paraoa March 15, 2002 Application by Kamo High School Developed by the Year 13 Geography classes 1990 -2002 and supporters Published by Kamo High School, P.O Box 4137, Kamo, Whangarei, New Zealand 15th March 2002 Compiled by Vince Kerr and the Kamo High School Year 13 Geography Class. ISPN – 0-473-08515-1 1 Foreword In 1990, Kamo High School geography students, inspired by Dr Bill Ballantine - world authority on marine reserves - decided to advance a proposal for a marine reserve in Whangarei Harbour. This work would in part fulfill the requirements of their classwork, but they also wanted to do something for the environment that would make a difference. Since that early beginning, successive geography classes have continued with the proposal, building on the work of their peers from the previous year. The students have spent a great deal of time discussing the proposal with the public, tangata whenua and key group leaders. They have gathered vital information to support the areas which have been proposed, using skills learned in class. This is a unique proposal. No other school in New Zealand has ever embarked on such an ambitious project. All of the geography students of Kamo High School who have contributed to the development of this proposal can be justifiably proud of their efforts. This reserve will contribute in no small measure towards safeguarding an important piece of New Zealand’s environment for people to enjoy far into the future. Figure 1: Kamo High School students, Waikaraka Richard Abel – Principal Kamo High School Figure 2: Kamo high students, Waikaraka reserve area in background 2 Foreword 2 Table of Figures 5 1. Summary 6 2. Introduction 7 2.1 Application for a marine reserve 7 2.2 Purpose of marine reserves 7 2.3 Process for establishing a marine reserve 7 2.4 Role of the Department of Conservation 7 2.5 Responses invited 7 3. The Application 8 3.1 The Applicant 8 3.2 Location 8 3.3 Name 11 3.4 Boundaries 11 3.5 Objectives 12 4. Application Background 12 4.1 Origin of the Proposal 12 4.2 Consultation & Investigation 12 4.2.1 Public Opinion Surveys 13 4.2.2 Specific issues and concerns 14 4.2.3 Tangata Whenua Consultation 15 4.2.4 Boundary investigation and justification 16 5.1 Natural values of Whangarei Harbour 18 5.1.1 The natural processes of Whangarei Harbour 18 5.1.2 Proposed ecological effects of conservation and restoration in Whangarei Harbour 19 5.2 Values of the three proposed marine reserve areas 19 5.2.1 Motukaroro Island 19 5.2.2 Waikaraka 20 5.2.3 Motumatakohe 21 5.3 Scientific Studies of the Area 22 5.4 Cultural Values 24 5.4.1 Cultural values of Whangarei Harbour 24 5.4.2 Cultural values of Motumatakohe 24 5.5 Educational Values and Student Experiences 25 6. Implications for Tangata Whenua, Current Users and Other Groups 26 6.1 Tangata whenua issues 26 6.2 Fishing Interests 28 6.3 Non-extractive Recreational Interests 31 6.4 Commercial Interests and Navigation 32 3 6.5 Adjoining landowners 32 6.6 Scientific Interests 33 6.7 Educational Interests 34 6.8 Conservation Interests 34 7. Justification 35 7.1 Meets Purposes of Marine Reserves Act (S.3) 35 7.2 Meets Other Legislative Criteria 35 7.3 Has Widespread Support 36 8.0 Proposed Management 36 8.1 Level of Protection 36 8.2 Public Access, Navigation and Anchoring 37 8.3 Identification of Boundaries 37 8.4 Enforcement Matters 38 8.5 Committee 38 8.6 Scientific Study and Monitoring 38 8.7 Education and Interpretation and safety 39 Acknowledgements 40 References 41 Appendices 42 Appendix 1: Copy of the formal Notice of Intention to Apply for a Marine Reserve at three areas in the Whangarei Harbour and Process for establishing a marine reserve 42 Appendix 2: Consultation Record 1990 – 2002 44 Appendix 3: Boundary Data 46 Appendix 4: Previous Boundary Maps (1997 proposal) 48 Appendix 5: Species Lists 49 Appendix 6: Whangarei Harbour Marine Reserve Submission Form 53 Appendix 7: Public opinion surveys 54 Appendix 8: Examples of comments and submissions received 59 Appendix 9: Testimonials 60 4 Table of Figures 1 Kamo High School students, Waikaraka 2 2 Kamo High School students, Waikaraka reserve in background 2 3 Whangarei Harbour Marine Reserve Areas 7 4 Motukaroro reserve area 9 5 Limestone Island and Waikaraka reserve areas 10 6 Student drawing of an Octopus 12 7 Crab, Waikaraka 15 8 Food Chain at Waikaraka marine reserve area 18 9 Student drawing representing subtidal area of Motukaroro at approximately 10 m depth 19 10 Student drawing, Waikaraka 20 11 Waikaraka aerial photo 21 12 Motumatakohe 21 13 Motumatakohe reserve area aerial photo 22 14 Tidal currents around Motukaroro 22 15 Harbour habitat map 24 16 Butterfly perch, Motukaroro 27 17 Student illustration 31 18 Zonation at Motukaroro 33 19 Kamo High School students, Motumatakohe 34 20 Boundary Maps 47 21 Previous Boundary Maps (prop 1997) 48 22 Motukaroro survey results 54-55 23 Waikaraka survey results 55-56 24 Motumatakohe survey results 57 5 1. Summary · This application formally notifies the intention of the Kamo High School to apply for a marine reserve in the Whangarei Harbour, consisting of three areas; (1) Motukaroro, also known as Passage Island and Aubury Island, (2) Waikaraka and (3) Motumatakohe, also known as Limestone Island). · The application is the result of over 10 years of investigation of the Harbour system by the applicant to identify appropriate areas for protection. · It is for a totally protected or ‘no-take’ marine reserve. · Marine reserves should not and generally do not affect navigation in any way. To ensure this, the possible future need for the Portland Cement Company to dredge the channel area to the east of Motumatakohe Island has been provided for with a special provision in this application. · The application document contains information on the history of this proposal and the processes undergone to consult with key stakeholders (including tangata whenua) and the wider public. · This consultation has demonstrated widespread support from interested parties and the wider public for the establishment of a marine reserve in this area. · Also described in this document are compromises or changes which have been made over the years in response to concerns expressed throughout the consultation process. · Information is presented on the special, unique or representative features to be found in the three proposed areas. The likely implications of reserve establishment for existing human usage and the wider harbour ecosystem are discussed. · The applicant refers to the New Zealand Government Biodiversity Strategy’s stated objection to establish a representative network of marine protected areas in New Zealand. · The application concludes with a number of management recommendations which include the formation of an advisory committee (including tangata whenua, local residents amd representatives of conservation, recreation and scientific interests) to assist the Depa rtment of Conservation in managing the reserve. Anyone who wishes to make a submission supporting, or objecting to, this application should do so in writing by no later than May 15, 2002. Objections and submissions should be sent to: The Director General A copy is required to be sent to: C/- The Conservator Whangarei Marine Reserves The Department of Conservation C/- Kamo High School PO Box 842, Whangarei P.O. Box 7137, Kamo,Whangarei See Appendix 6 for a submission form. 6 2. Introduction 2.4 Role of the Department of 2.1 Application for a marine reserve Conservation This is an application by the Kamo High School Year 13 Geography Class to establish a marine Under the Act, Kamo High School will refer any reserve in Whangarei Harbour, consisting of three objections to the application to the Director areas: Motumatakohe, (Limestone Island), General of the Department Conservation, who Motukaroro, (Passage Island) and Waikaraka. then forwards them to the Minister of Transport and the Minister of Fisheries for consideration on It includes a description of the location and extent whether the objections should be upheld. If of the proposed marine reserve, the background to objections are upheld the application does not the application and an assessment of the effects proceed. Kamo High School has the right as that reserve creation may have on existing users. applicant to answer the objections in writing This application has been prepared using the within three months of the notification of this Department of Conservation’s Marine Reserves – application. A Guide for Prospective Applicants (1994) guideline. The Ministers may also consider any submissions in support of the application which have been included in the applicant's answer to objections. 2.2 Purpose of marine reserves Such submissions in support may be relevant to S.3 of the Marine Reserves Act 1971 (MRA) the public interest to which the Minister is establishes the general purpose of marine reserves required to have regard (S.5(6)(e) MRA). as the preservation “for the scientific study of marine life, areas of New Zealand that contain 2.5 Responses invited underwater scenery, natural features, or marine Any person may object to, or support, this life, of such distinctive quality, or so typical, or application. All objections or submissions in beautiful, or unique, that their continued support must be received within two months of preservation is in the national interest”. notification of this applic ation. S.3 also provides that, once created, marine reserves shall be preserved as far as possible in Anyone wishing to object or make a submission in their natural state; that their marine life shall, as support of this application must do so in writing far as possible, be protected and preserved and by no later than May 15, 2002.
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