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The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura

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The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 153 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura by E. W. BENNETT 15 Coney Hill Road St. Clair, Dunedin New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 22 April 1964 THE MARINE FAUNA OF NEW ZEALAND CRUSTACEA BRACHYURA NEW ZEALAND DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BULLETIN 153 The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura by E. W. BENNETT 15 Coney Hill Road St. Clair, Dunedin New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 22 20s. April 1964 CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 5 Abstract 8 Check List of the New Zealand Brachyura 9 Introduction 11 Species to be Excluded 14 Sources of Material 15 Acknowledgments . 15 List of Stations 16 Collection and Preservation of Crabs . 17 Systematics 20 Geographical Distribution of the New Zealand Brachyura 86 Bibliography 91 Index 115 FIGURES Frontispiece Captain J. P. Bollons, i.s.o., J.P. Photographic Illustrations FIGURE PAGE Line Drawings 104 Petrolisthes elongatus 99 105 Petrocheles spinosus 99 FIGURE PAGE 1-4 Ebalia laevis 20 106 Lyreidus fossor n. sp. 100 5 Lyreidus fossor n. sp. 24 107 Ebalia laevis . 100 6-7 Lyreidus fossor n. sp. 24 108 Merocryptus lambriformis 101 8-9 Lyreidus fossor n. sp. 25 109 Latreillopsis petterdi 101 10 Cyrtomaia hispida 30 110 Cyrtomaia hispida 102 11-16 Cyrtomaia hispida 31 111 Trichoplatus huttoni 102 17 Trichoplatus huttoni 33 112 Paramithrax peroni 103 18-20 Trichoplatus huttoni 34 113-114 Paramithrax minor 103 21-24 Paramithrax peroni 39 115-116 Paramithrax ursus 104 25-28 Paramithrax minor 41 105 29-32 Paramithrax ursus 43 117 Leptomithrax longimanus 33-36 Basal Article of Antennae, Paramithrax anc1 118 Leptomithrax australis 105 Leptomithrax, s. 1. 47 119-120 Leptomithrax [Austromithrax) mortenseni n. sp 106 37-40 Leptomithrax longimanus 48 121 Leptomithrax [/jemithrax) longipes 106 41-45 Leptomithrax australis 49 122-123 Leptomithrax [£emithrax) moloch n. sp 107 46-48 Leptomithrax [Austromithrax) mortenseni n. sp . 52 124 Acanthophrys filholi 107 49-51 Leptomithrax {^emithrax) longipes . 55 125-126 Jacquinotia edwardsi 108 52-54 Leptomithrax [Zjsmithrax) moloch n. sp. 56 127 Eurynolambrus australis 108 55-57 Acanthophrys filholi 58 128 Halicarcinus planatus 109 58-61 Jacquinotia edwardsi 61 109 62-68 Pseudozius sp, . 68 129 Hombronia depressa 69-72 Copulatory Styles of the Xanthidae 70 130 JVectocarcinus antarcticus 110 73-75 Pilumnis novaezelandiae 71 131 Heterozius rotundifrons 110 76-78 Pilumnus lumpinus n. sp. 72 132 Pseudozius sp. 110 79-83 Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayi 74 133 Pilumnus novaezealandiae 111 84-85 Pinnotheres novae zelandiae 76 134 Pilumnus lumpinus n. sp. 111 86-87 Pinnotheres schauinslandi 76 135 Ommatocarcinus macgillivray 112 88 Pinnotheres novae zelandiae 77 136 Hemigrapsus crenulatus .. 112 89-91 Pinnotheres schauinslandi 77 Hemigrapsus sexdentatus 113 Pinnotheres novae zelandiae 137-138 92-93 77 114 94-97 Stridulating Ridges in Grapsoids 82 139 Cyclograpsus whitei 114 98-100 Cyclograpsus lavauxi 84 140 Helice crassa 101-103 Cyclograpsus whitei 84 141 Petalomera wilsoni 114 7 \ Abstract THIS is the first comprehensive account of the New Zealand crab fauna, following the preliminary review by Chilton and Bennett published in 1929. The material used consists of specimens available to the author, at the time of study, in New Zealand museums. Four new species, belonging to the genera Lyreidus, Leptomithrax, and Pilumnus, and two new subgenera of Leptomithrax, have been proposed. The many dubious records of species of non-neozelanic origin in the fauna have been critically examined. Based on the state of collections made by previous workers details are given of improved methods of collection and preservation. The Systematic section gives full descriptions and figures of all the recognised species of New Zealand crabs. Although based on a study concluded in 1936, this section has been annotated in such a way as to give a modern detailed account of the New Zealand Brachyura. A full check list is also given. The geographical distribution of the crabs and its implications is dealt with. The brachyurous fauna of the southern islands of New Zealand indicates that the Auckland and Campbell Islands are not sub- antarctic but strictly neozelanic. Ten species which might suggest antarctic connections are equally repre­ sented on the mainland. On the mainland a few species are exclusively southern while others are chiefly northern. The boundaries formed by the distribution patterns include the three districts (1) Southern Islands, (2) Southern Mainland, with Stewart Island and the Chathams as outlying extensions, and (3) Northern Mainland, northwards from Kaikoura and Westport and not including the Kermadecs. In explanation of external zoogeographical relationships, the agency of currents, floating kelp and wood, and ships, as well as of paleogeographical links, is discussed, with three examples of accidental acclimatisation. The agency of whales is also suggested. After purging the list of many erroneous records a strong Australian element is still found, but several groups conspicuous in Australia are absent and the relationship is qualified with respect to the Majidae. The relationships, though theoretically explicable in part in terms of trans-oceanic dispersal, are in the main better accounted for in terms of a common Papuan relationship, as indicated also by other groups of animals. The Majidae are of southern origin, the two southern districts being a focus for the more primitive members (Paramithrax, Leptomithrax s. str.), the higher members spreading freely to Australia and eastern Asia. The modern Brachyura arose after the severance of any former geographic connection with South America, hence the four species common to the two areas must be otherwise accounted for; but five genera with no species in common suggest a more ancient and perhaps a fairly direct link. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura CHECK LIST OF THE NEW ZEALAND BRACHYURA Subsection OXYSTOMATA de Haan Leptomithrax Mierst Leptomithrax Miers s.str. (str.nov.) Family LEUCOSIIDAE Dana L. (L.) longimanus Miers, 1876 Ebalia Leach L. (L.) australis (Jacquinot, 1853; E. laevis (Bell, 1855) Austromithrax n. subg. E. tuberculosa (Milne Edwards, 1873) L. (A.) mortenseni n. sp. Merocryptus Milne Edwards Zemithrax n. subg. M. lambriformis (Milne Edwards, 1873) L. (£.) longipes (Thomson, 1902) L. (Z.) moloch n. sp. Subsection GYMNOPLEURA Bourne Acanthophrys Milne Edwards A.filholi Milne Edwards, 1865 Family RANINIDAE Dana Lyreidus de Haan Campbellia Balss L. fossor n. sp. C. kohli Balss, 1930 Subfamily MITHRACINAE Balss Subsection DROMIACEA de Haan Jacquinotia Rathbun Family LATREILLIDAE Alcock J. edwardsi (Jacquinot, 1853) Latreillopsis Henderson L. petterdi Grant, 1905 Family PARTHENOPIDAE Milne Edwards (Miers) Eurynolambrus Milne Edwards & Lucas Family DROMIIDAE Dana E. australis Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1841 Petalomera Stimpson P. wilsoni (Fulton & Grant, 1902) Family HYMENOSOMIDAE Omitted in present work, but list of described species Subsection BRACHYGNATHA added from Chilton and Bennett (1929) and from Richard­ son (1949b). Superfamily OXYRHYNCHA Latreille Halicarcinus White Family MAJIDAE Alcock H. planatus (Fabricius, 1775) Subfamily INACHINAE Alcock %H. tridentatus Jacquinot, 1853 %H. huttoni Filhol, 1886 Series MACROCHEIROIDEA Balss* H. innominatus Richardson, 1949 Cyrtomaia Miers Hymenicus Dana C. hispida (Borradaile, 1916) \H. varius Dana, 1851 Series CAMPOSCIOIDEA Balss* H. pubescens Dana, 1851 Triclwplatus Milne Edwards %H. edwardsi Filhol, 1886 T. huttoni Milne Edwards, 1876 §//. cooki Filhol, 1886 Subfamily MAJINAE Alcock restr. Balss §//. haasti Filhol, 1886 Paramithrax Milne Edwards %H. marmoratus Chilton, 1882 P. peroni Milne Edwards, 1834 Hymenosoma Desmarest P. minor Filhol, 1886 \\H. depressum Jacquinot, 1853 P. ursus (Herbst, 1788) §//. lacustris Chilton, 1912 *"$tenorhynchus" fissifrons Haswell, 1879, should be added, following tA new species, L. richardsoni, described by Dell, 1960, p. 2. the discovery of the existence of the type from New Zealand by Dr J. C. XListed by Chilton and Bennett, 1929, but not by Richardson; 1949b. Yaldwyn in 1962. (However, it should perhaps be more properly located §Listed under Halicarcinus by Richardson, 1949b. in Achaeus Leach, 1817, or in Achaeopsis Stimpson, 1857.) Listed under Hombronia by Richardson, 1949b: 67. 9 Elaincna Milne Edwards Family GOXEPLACIDAE Dana /',". quoyi Milne Edwards, 1837 Subfamily GOXEPLACIXAE Miers *E. xcfiUei Miers, 1876 Ommatocarcinus White E. hngirostris Filhol, 1886 0. macgillivrayi White, 1852 fE. A-/VA-/ Filhol. 1886 E. producta Kirk, 1878 Family PIXXOTHERIDAE Dana Superfamily BRACHYRHYXCHA * Pinnotheres Latrcille P. novaezdandiae Filhol, 1886 Family CAXCRIDAE Miers P. .schauinslandi Lenz, 1901 Cancer Linnaeus ? Pinnixa sp. C. novae zdandiae (Jacquinot, 1853: Family GRAPSIDAE Dana Family PORTUXIDAE Miers Ovalipes Rathbun Subfamily GRAPSIXAE Dana 0. punctatus de Haan, 1833) Leptograpsus Milne Edwards Liocarcimis Stimpson /.. variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) L. corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) Planes Leach jXectocarrinus Milne Edwards P. minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) A", antarcticus (Jacquinot, 1853) Subfamily VARUXIXAE Alcock Hemigrapsus Dana Family XAXTHIDAE Alcock H. crenulatus (Milne Edwards, 1837) Section HYPEROLISSA Alcock H. sexdentatusf (Milne Edwards, 1837) Heterozius Milne Edwards Subfamily SESARMIXAE Dana H. rotundifrons Milne Edwards, 1867 Helice de Haan Section HYPEROMERISTA. Alcock
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