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Universidad Complutense De Madrid La Estructura De La Televisión En Guatemala

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Universidad Complutense De Madrid La Estructura De La Televisión En Guatemala UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Derecho Internacional y Relaciones Internacionales (Estudios Internacionales) LA ESTRUCTURA DE LA TELEVISIÓN EN GUATEMALA: LA INCIDENCIA POLÍTICO SOCIAL Y EL ANÁLISIS DE LOS CONTENIDOS INFORMATIVOS. MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Maylin Cicibel Lucas Cajas Bajo la dirección de la doctora Concepción Anguita Olmedo Madrid, 2009 • ISBN: 978-84-692-7625-9 La estructura de la televisión en Guatemala: la incidencia político social y el análisis de los contenidos informativos Tesis Doctoral presentada por Maylin Cicibel Lucas Cajas Directora: Dra. Concepción Anguita Olmedo Sección Departamental de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales (Estudios Internacionales). Facultad de Ciencias de la Información. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Índice Índice general ........................................................................................................................................................ III Índice de gráficos ............................................................................................................................................... VIII SIGLAS Y ABREVIATURAS ............................................................................................................... XII INTRODUCCIÓN 1. Delimitación del tema ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Antecedentes .................................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Hipótesis .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 4. Metodología ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 5. Fuentes de Documentación y Centros de Investigación ................................................. 23 6. Plan general y contenido de la Tesis Doctoral ....................................................................... 27 Capítulo I APROXIMACIÓN TEÓRICA Y CONCEPTUAL EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE LOS CONTENIDOS TELEVISIVOS 1. LA PROGRAMACIÓN EN TELEVISIÓN ................................................................................................. 35 1.1. El modelo de programación generalista .......................................................................... 39 1.2. Área administrativa de la programación ......................................................................... 40 2. LA INFORMACIÓN EN TELEVISIÓN ...................................................................................................... 42 2.1. La estructura del noticiario ........................................................................................................ 45 2.1.1. El minutado o escaleta ................................................................................................... 49 2.1.2. La noticia ................................................................................................................................. 51 2.2. La agenda temática .......................................................................................................................... 56 2.3. Las fuentes de información ....................................................................................................... 61 3. LA IMAGEN Y SUS FUNCIONES COMO LENGUAJE ..................................................................... 65 3.1. La imagen en los noticiarios .................................................................................................... 68 3.2. La producción audiovisual ........................................................................................................ 71 3.2.1. Los planos de las imágenes ....................................................................................... 72 3.2.2. La composición de la imagen .................................................................................. 74 3.2.3. El análisis de la imagen ................................................................................................ 81 III La estructura de la televisión en Guatemala… Capítulo II EL ENTORNO SOCIOPOLÍTICO GUATEMALTECO 1. APROXIMACIÓN GENERAL AL CONTEXTO DE GUATEMALA ........................................... 87 2. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO-POLÍTICO ....................................................................................................... 94 2.1. Los grupos de poder en Guatemala: Evolución caudillista y oligarquía .. 95 2.2. El liberalismo y los golpes de Estado .............................................................................. 99 2.3. La insurgencia y la Revolución ............................................................................................. 109 3. LA DEMOCRACIA DESDE 1986 ............................................................................................................. 120 3.1. La firma de la paz ............................................................................................................................ 127 4. LA SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA ACTUAL ...................................................................................................... 137 4.1. Los partidos políticos ...................................................................................................................... 137 4.2. El sistema de poder ........................................................................................................................... 141 Capítulo III GÉNESIS Y DESARROLLO DEL SISTEMA TELEVISIVO GUATEMALTECO 1. LOS MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN EN LA DÉCADA DE LOS 50 .......................................... 147 2. LA ESTRUCTURA DE LA TELEVISIÓN ................................................................................................ 149 2.1. La televisión pública ..................................................................................................................... 149 2.2. Los canales comerciales ............................................................................................................. 151 3. TENDENCIA MONOPOLÍSTICA E INFLUENCIA GUBERNAMENTAL EN LA TELEVISIÓN ....................................................................................................................................................... 153 4. POSICIONAMIENTOS IDEOLÓGICOS DE LA TELEVISIÓN EN GUATEMALA .............. 166 5. LOS CANALES NACIONALES Y SUS NOTICIARIOS .................................................................... 171 5.1. Canal 3 y Telediario ....................................................................................................................... 171 5.2. Canal 7 y Notisiete .......................................................................................................................... 175 5.3. Otros canales ....................................................................................................................................... 178 6. LA TELEVISIÓN POR CABLE .................................................................................................................... 181 6.1. Canal Guatevisión y su noticiario ....................................................................................... 187 IV Índice Capítulo IV LEGISLACIONES VIGENTES RELACIONADAS CON EL SISTEMA TELEVISIVO 1. LEYES DE LA TELEVISIÓN GUATEMALTECA ................................................................................ 195 1.1 Ley de Radiocomunicaciones .................................................................................................... 195 1.2. Ley de Emisión del Pensamiento .......................................................................................... 214 1.3. Ley Reguladora de Señales Vía Satélite y su Distribución por Cable ...... 218 1.4. Los Acuerdos de Paz y los medios de comunicación ............................................ 222 2. ORGANISMOS DE CONTROL Y DIRECCIÓN DE LA TELEVISIÓN ......................................... 225 Capítulo V LA PROGRAMACIÓN DE CANAL 3, CANAL 7 y GUATEVISIÓN 1. LA PROGRAMACIÓN DE CANAL 3, CANAL 7 Y GUATEVISIÓN ...................................... 231 1.1. Las investigaciones de la audiencia ..................................................................................... 235 2. CANAL 3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 246 2.1. Producción propia ............................................................................................................................. 246 2.2. Producción extranjera .................................................................................................................... 251 3. CANAL 7 ............................................................................................................................................................... 255 3.1. Producción propia ............................................................................................................................. 256 3.2. Producción extranjera .................................................................................................................... 260 4. CANAL GUATEVISIÓN ................................................................................................................................
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