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Smart Motorways Programme M20 Junction 3 to 5 Smart Motorway

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Smart Motorways Programme M20 Junction 3 to 5 Smart Motorway Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 Smart Motorways Programme M20 Junction 3 to 5 Smart Motorway: Environmental Study Report February 2017 Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Highways England’s information and use in relation to the Smart Motorways Programme. in partnership with 1 Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 Table of contents Pages Table of contents 2 Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 8 1.1. Overview of the Proposed Scheme 8 1.2. Purpose of the this Environmental Study Report 8 1.3. Background to the Smart Motorways Programme 9 1.4. The Road Investment Strategy and Highways England Licence 10 1.5. Regulatory Framework 14 1.6. Guidance followed for this report 14 2. The Proposed Scheme 15 2.1. Need for the Proposed Scheme 15 2.2. Description of the Proposed Scheme 15 2.3. Carriageways 16 2.4. Central reserve works 16 2.5. Verge / ALR works 16 2.6. Emergency refuge areas 18 2.7. Signs and gantries 19 2.8. Lighting 20 2.9. Works to Structures 21 2.10. Communication cabling and ducting 21 2.11. Environmental barriers 22 2.12. Site clearance 22 2.13. Construction, operation and long term management 22 2.14. Planned Development and overlapping schemes 23 2.15. Land use setting and land take 23 2.16. Proposed Scheme delivery and implementation 24 2.17. Proposed operation and long term management 24 3. Alternatives considered 25 3.1. Programme level alternatives 25 3.2. Scheme-specific alternatives 25 4. Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology 28 4.1. Screening 28 4.2. Scoping 28 4.3 Stakeholder consultation 30 4.4 Methodology 30 5. Air Quality 35 5.1 Introduction 35 5.2 Study area 35 in partnership with 2 Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 5.3 Methodology 36 5.4 Baseline conditions 43 5.5 Sensitivity of resource 44 5.6 Assumptions and limitations 44 5.7 Design and mitigation measures 45 5.8 Potential operational effects 45 5.9 Residual effects 46 5.10 Summary 46 6 Ecology and Nature Conservation 48 6.1 Introduction 48 6.2 Study area 48 6.3 Methodology 49 6.4 Baseline conditions 53 6.5 Sensitivity of Resource 56 6.6 Assumptions and limitations 58 6.7 Design and mitigation measures 59 6.8 Potential construction effects 61 6.9 Potential operational effects 64 6.10 Enhancement Measures 66 6.11 Residual effects 66 6.12 Summary 66 7 Landscape and Visual Effects 73 7.1 Introduction 73 7.2 Study area 73 7.3 Methodology 74 7.4 Baseline conditions 78 7.5 Sensitivity of resource 81 7.6 Assumptions and limitations 82 7.7 Design and mitigation measures 82 7.8 Potential construction effects 83 7.10 Potential operational effects 85 7.11 Residual effects 88 7.12 Summary 88 8 Noise and Vibration 89 8.1 Introduction 89 8.2 Study area 91 8.3 Methodology 91 8.4 Baseline conditions 98 8.5 Sensitivity of resource 101 8.6 Assumptions and limitations 102 8.7 Design and mitigation measures 106 in partnership with 3 Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 8.8 Potential construction effects 109 8.9 Potential operational effects 114 8.10 Further mitigation 118 8.11 Residual effects 118 8.12 Summary 118 9 Assessment of Cumulative Effects 120 9.1 Introduction 120 9.2 Methodology 120 9.3 Potential effects 123 9.4 Summary 128 10 Environmental Management 129 10.1. Overview 129 11 References 131 12 Abbreviations 133 Figures 136 Appendices 138 Appendix A - DF2 drawings including potential construction compounds 139 Appendix B – Air quality 140 B.1 – Regulatory / Policy Framework 140 B.2 – Baseline and Constraints 144 B.3 – Air Quality Assessment Methodology 163 B.4 – Assessment of Impact 176 Appendix C - Ecology 179 C.1 – Protected Species Report 179 Appendix D – Landscape and visual 199 D.1 – Visual Effects Schedule 199 D.2 – Setting of cultural heritage assets assessment table 201 Appendix E – Noise and vibration 206 E.1 – Regulatory / Policy Framework 206 E.2 – List of Figures 208 E.3 – Basic noise levels in order to define the operational noise study area 209 E.4 – Baseline conditions 210 E.5 – Noise calculation assumptions 225 E.6 – Analysis of noise mitigation, rectification and enhancement measures 230 Appendix F – Assessment of Cumulative Effects 237 F.1 – Relevant Development Proposals for Cumulative Effects Assessment 237 in partnership with 4 Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 Executive summary Introduction Highways England has commissioned the Jacobs Atkins Joint Venture (JAJV) to design and assess a proposed Smart Motorway (SM) All Lane Running (ALR) scheme on the M20 between Junction 3 – Addington Interchange (J3) and Junction 5 – Aylesford Interchange (J5), referred to in this report as the ‘Proposed Scheme’. The Proposed Scheme lies within the county of Kent, and the borough of Tonbridge and Malling (see Figure 1-1 for a location plan). Highways England expects to commence construction of the Proposed Scheme in spring 2018 and is expected to take less than two years to construct, including commissioning. The Proposed ALR Scheme would provide four permanent running lanes, by converting the hard shoulder into lane 1, between Junctions 3 and 5. The ALR will be supported through the installation of technology to monitor conditions and inform drivers. This will include the installation of 27 new overhead gantries (19 existing gantries will be retained and upgraded where possible) fitted with Advanced Motorway Indicators (AMIs), New Message Signs and/or Advanced Directional Signs (ADS), strategic signs (MS3s) and variable Messaging Signs (MS4). These will display variable speed limits based on traffic conditions along with the creation of emergency refuge areas (ERAs) in accordance with the standards as set out in IAN 161/13. Cameras and loop detectors will provide information to support the technology, where through junction running will be introduced. The Proposed Scheme will incorporate the hardening of the central reserve and installation of a rigid concrete barrier between Junction 3 and 5 and will take less than 2 years to construct. A full description of the Proposed Scheme is provided in Section 2. This Environmental Study Report (ESR) presents the findings of the non-statutory environmental assessment undertaken to identify and assess potential environmental impacts that could arise from the Proposed Scheme and proposes mitigation measures to minimise these impacts in order to inform the planning, design and construction process and satisfy legal obligations. Air quality Following implementation of the Proposed Scheme, improvements to the M20 J3-5 would lead to an increase in traffic flows along the M20 and the immediate road network (due to the release of latent demand), with some balancing from improved journey times (congested speed effects). There are 3 AQMA, PCM links, and no designated ecological sites within the air quality study area. 3 For human health, there are no exceedances of the annual mean NO2 UK AQS objective of 40 µg/m in the future year (2019) with or without the Proposed Scheme. Any increases in concentrations are predicted to be ‘imperceptible’, whilst there are two areas of ‘small decreases’ north east of Junction 4 and adjacent to the A21. The maximum concentration would be 35.6 µg/m3 on Station Road, north of the M20 in the Tonbridge and Malling AQMA. For EU compliance, there is not expected to be a compliance risk as there are no Defra PCM links that exceed the EU Limit Value for annual mean NO2 with or without the Proposed Scheme, either in the opening year 2019 or the design year 2034. The regional assessment shows increases in emissions of NOx (5%), PM10 and CO2 (1%) as a result of the Proposed Scheme by the design year 2034. The overall conclusion regarding the effect of the Proposed Scheme on local air quality is that there would be no significant adverse effect on local air quality. Ecology and nature conservation Ecological receptors in the study area include a European designated site (Medway Estuary & Marshes Ramsar / Special Protection Area), a Local Wildlife Site (Leybourne Lakes and Snodland), notable and other habitats, notable and legally protected species such as bats, dormouse and great crested newt. These require avoidance, mitigation, compensation and/or enhancement measures which have been incorporated into the Proposed Scheme. This will ensure impacts are minimised and that there are no residual significant adverse effects on the favourable conservation status of habitats and species. With the in partnership with 5 Smart Motorways Programme M20 J3-5 implementation of mitigation, there would be no significant residual effects as a result of the Proposed Scheme. There would be some small scale, temporary disturbance and loss of woodland habitat for notable species (including hazel dormouse, common breeding birds, bats, reptiles and great crested newts) and risk of pollution from fuel spillage material wash off and dust resulting in loss of quality of retained habitat during the construction phase. There would also be a slight deterioration in air quality and pollution from surface water wash off which would result in a minor loss of habitat quality at Leybourne Lakes and Snodland Local Wildlife Site. There would be an increased risk of mortality of wildlife from vehicle collision due to the additional running lane and the presence of concrete barrier in the central reservation. Overall, the Proposed Scheme would not result in any significant adverse effects on statutory or non- statutory designated sites, habitat, or protected/notable species. Landscape and cultural heritage The highly sensitive Kent Downs AONB abuts the northern edge of the M20 between Junctions 3 and 4.
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