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Université Abou Bakr Bekaid – TLEMCEN- Département D’Architecture Université Abou Bakr Bekaid – TLEMCEN- Département d’Architecture EMD 2 / HCA4 Durée : 1h 30 mn 20/05/2018 1. Les minarets suivants appartiennent à des mosquées bien connues. Lesquelles ? A travers les photos, faites une lecture architecturale comparative (05 pts) 2. Dans l’architecture religieuse islamique, comment peut-on différencier une mosquée de plan en « T » ? Donnez un nom d’une mosquée (05 pts) 3. A l’aide d’un schéma bien élaboré du palais de Ziri à ACHIR, expliquez le principe d’organisation de ce palais ? (05 pts). 4. Expliquez les termes suivants : (05 pts) Coupole bulbeuse Iwan Ecoinçon Alfiz Rondeau Architecture Mudéjar Plan hypostyle Sebka Couronnement Motifs végétaux Université Abou Bakr Bekaid – TLEMCEN- Département d’Architecture EMD 2 / HCA4 Durée : 1h 30 mn 20/05/2018 1. Les minarets suivants appartiennent à des mosquées bien connues. Lesquelles ? A travers les photos, faites une lecture architecturale comparative (05 pts) 2. Dans l’architecture religieuse islamique, comment peut-on différencier une mosquée de plan en « T » ? Donnez un nom d’une mosquée (05 pts) 3. A l’aide d’un schéma bien élaboré du palais de Ziri à ACHIR, expliquez le principe d’organisation de ce palais ? (05 pts). 4. Expliquez les termes suivants : (05 pts) Coupole bulbeuse Iwan Ecoinçon Alfiz Rondeau Architecture Mudéjar Plan hypostyle Sebka Couronnement Motifs végétaux CORRIGE TYPE : EMD2 / HCA4 1- Minaret 1 : Mosquée Kairouan Minaret 2 : Moquée Qalla Banu Hammad Minaret 1 Minaret 2 Similitudes Mosquée type arabe Mosquée type arabe Section quadrangulaire Section quadrangulaire Différences Composée de deux partie avec lanternon Composée d’une seule partie sans lanternon Couronnement traitée en crénons et merlons Couronnement traité simplement Les quatre façades sont traitées Une seule façade est traitée Présence de petites fenêtres dans la partie basse Façade traitée en trois registres verticaux Fenêtres avec arcatures dans les parties supérieures 2- Mosquée type arabe (hypostyle) Nerfs perpendiculaires au mur Qibli Nef axiale plus large que les autres Travée longeant le mur Qibli est plus large que les autres Nef axiale et travée du mur Qibli forment un T Nef axiale et travée du mur Qibli ont des toitures surélevées Nef axiale généralement marquée à son début et à sa fin par une petite coupole. 3- 4- - Coupole bulbeuse : coupole élancée en forme de bulbe, on la retrouve dans l’architecture islamique indoue. - Alfiz : Ornementation architectonique constituée d’un panneau rectangulaire qui enclot les bords extérieurs d’une arche, très commun dans l’architecture andalouse. - Plan hypostyle : espace fermé dont le plafond est soutenu par des supports. - Couronnement : la partie terminale, supérieure d'une construction - Iwan : élément architectural qui consiste en un vaste porche voûté ouvert sur une façade rectangulaire par un grand arc persan. - Rondeau : décoration de forme circulaire qu’on retrouve généralement au niveau des arcs - Sebka : est un décor architectural typique des architectures de l’Andalousie, consistant en un grand réseau d'arcs recti-curvilignes entrecroisés - Motifs végétaux : Ornements sculptés ou peints composés de motifs végétaux entrelacés. - Ecoinçon : désigne l'espace décoré compris entre un arc et une délimitation rectangulaire (alfiz). - Architecture Mudéjar : architecture qui s'est développée en Espagne dans les régions reconquises par les royaumes chrétiens et qui résulte de l'application aux édifices chrétiens d'influences et de techniques ayant trait à l’architecture islamique. .
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