Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur

RESEARCH ARTICLE Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh Sanjeev K Lale1, Ravi Chandra2, Chinmay Rath3, Anupam K Mangal4, Soma N Murthy5

Abstract Aims and objectives: To explore and prepare records of the pharmaceutically important medicinal plants which are described in Ayurveda, from Shajapur forest divisions of Madhya Pradesh. Materials and methods: Exploration of Shajapur forest division was carried out in December 2018. During survey, the records of medicinal plants which are described in Ayurveda have been recorded with their GPS location and area in the division. Results: The exploration records of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda, with their GPS location and potential in the field have been recorded. The important medicinal plants, for example, are: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr., Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Helicteres isora L., Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex G.Don, Telosma pallida (Roxb.) W.G.Craib, Tectona grandis L.f., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., Maerua arenaria Hook. f. and Thomson, Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub, Annona squamosa L., etc. In Shajapur, farmers mainly cultivated Citrus reticulata Blanco (Nagrang/Santara) medicinal plant having commercial value for fruits and ayurvedic industries. Conclusion: The study area is occupied by plants of Santalum album L., Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex G.Don, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Tectona grandis L.f., Carissa spinarum L., Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., and Vitex negundo L. for ayurvedic commercialization, whereas plants of Maerua arenaria Hook., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., etc., which are a rare habitat, so need conservation. Present study made an extensive exploration of Shajapur forest division for the first time by noting the geographical distribution of medicinal plants described in Ayurveda, which has not yet been recorded in the past. Keywords: Ayurveda, Exploration, Madhya Pradesh, Medicinal plant, Shajapur forest division. Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (2020): 10.5005/jdras-10059-0087

ntroduction I 1,2,5Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India The areas covered under exploration in Madhya Pradesh are 3,4Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, New Delhi, India Shajapur forest areas falling into Malwa Plateau. It is lies between Corresponding Author: Sanjeev K Lale, Regional Ayurveda Research latitudes 32″ 06′ and 24″ 19′ north and longitudes 75″ 41′ and 77″ Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 9532930669, e-mail: 1,2 02′ east. Shajapur forest division is surrounded by district Rajgarh [email protected] in the east, Jhalawar district of Rajasthan in the north, Ujjain and How to cite this article: Lale SK, Chandra R, Rath C, et al. Exploration 3 Agar-Malwa in the west, and Devas and Sihore in the south where of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, the studied areas are falling. The four forest ranges in Shajapur Madhya Pradesh. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2020;5(1):32–43. forest division are Shajapur, Shujalpur, Susner, and Agar from Source of support: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, which Shajapur and Shujalpur ranges fall into Shajapur district and New Delhi, India Agar and Susner ranges in Agar-Malwa district. The percentage Conflict of interest: None of forests under Shajapur forest division is very less. Even there is no forest area in the Shujalpur range. Authors made an extensive exploration of Shajapur forest division for the first time by noting the geographical distribution of medicinal plants described in collected which is less than five sheets in the herbarium of Regional Ayurveda, which has not yet been recorded in the past. Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi. In cases where more than The medicinal plants described in Ayurveda in Shajapur forest Table 1: Showing forest ranges, place of medicinal plants collection/ division, Madhya Pradesh have been explored in December 2018, reported but in the past these areas were not explored with GPS location. This article explores medicinal plants described in Ayurveda4–9 of Place of medicinal plants collection/ reported (Dec 11, 2018 to Dec 20, 2018) the study areas (Table 1), and this is the first time the study was No. of plant conducted in the concerned forest divisions falling under Malwa Name of forest Name of forest beat collected/ Plateau areas of Madhya Pradesh. S. no. ranges covered covered reported 1 Shajapur Shajapur 38 Materials and Methods 2 Shujalpur – – Extensive exploration has been conducted in different forest 3 Susner Susner, Palda, Nalkheda, 21 Dharola, and Soyat ranges and beat falling under Shajapur forest divisions of Madhya Pradesh. Records of the collections have been observed with 4 Agar Banskhedi, Bajna, Lakhakhedi, 30 Ghata, and Barda-Barkheda geographical positioning at different ranges of forest division. Grand total 89 During the Shajapur forest division survey, the same drug was

© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh five-sheeted species have not been collected, the photos of all species were taken and recorded with their GPS location and also their local and Sanskrit names. The current acceptable botanical … Contd 27,416 27,605 Accession Accession no. 27,398 28,219 name is given in the article.10 The collected herbarium vouchers 28,123 were made by drying, poisoning, and mounting on the herbarium sheets11,12 and deposited in the herbarium of Regional Ayurveda Research Institute (Acronym JHS). Authenticity of the herbarium was made after consulting the herbarium of the Institute and Flora of Madhya Pradesh.13,14 (All type skinha (All

ṣṭ

Observations type of skinha (All ṣṭ In the Shajapur forest division of Madhya Pradesh, medicinal plants were explored, with an emphasis on pressure of exploitation and status per geographical distribution as most of the forest areas in the state lie between Longitude 32″ 06′–24″ 19′ North and 75″41′–77″02′ East. The important medicinal plants distributed in diseases) diseases). Root is chewed with teeth. It with teeth. diseases). Root is chewed caries. dental the pain caused by relieves Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved It of Classical Arimeda is substitute ( Acacia .) which has been similar Willd farnesiana action. Arimeda has been popular as a in diseases of mouth. drug of choice Decoction of kadara and kraumka) ( pūga useful in diabetes. Best remedy for ku for Best remedy Paste of tender leaves of babbūla checks leaves of tender Paste diarrhea. of the semi - collyrium Applied with mixed solid extract of babbūla leaves its lachrymation is checked. honey, the study areas of Shajapur forest division of Madhya Pradesh are of guñjā powder of the paste Application ku removes with butter given in Table 2. Their potential in the field have also been recorded and presented through this communication (Fig. 1).

Results In Shajapur forest division, some important species are found, such as Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, Annona squamosa L., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr., Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Enicostema axillare subsp. GPS status N23°25.515 ′ , E076°14.554 N23°57.502 ′ , E076°00.535 N23°25.504 ′ , E076°14.667 N23°55.912 ′ , E076°18.243 littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Helicteres isora L., Holarrhena pubescens N23°25.518 ′ , E076°14.561 Wall. Ex G. Don, Plumbago zeylanica L., Santalum album L., Vitex negundo L., Wrightia tinctorea R. Br., etc. Distribution of medicinal plants in different studied forest areas falling under Shajapur forest division per GPS markings is described in Table 2. Reunja/ Khejdi Safed Khair Local name Local Khair Babul Lal Charmu Lal

Discussion The present survey of medicinal plant of Shajapur forest division Name of the plant highlights the information on important medicinal plants which Arimeda-bheda Kadara Sanskrit name Khadira Babbūla are described in Ayurveda being exploited for research activities Guñjā Rakta and study. The important medicinal plants used in Ayurveda and other system of medicines are Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd., Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., Carissa spinarum L., Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., Enicostema axillare subsp. littorale (Blume) A. Raynal, Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Locality Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Palda Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Dharola Sm., Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don, Plumbago zeylanica L., Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Santalum album L., etc. are most common in this division. Eighty- Habit. Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Family Leguminosae Leguminosae Leguminosae Leguminosae Leguminosae Botanical name Botanical Acacia leu - Acacia (Roxb.) cophloea Willd. - polyacan Acacia tha Willd. catechu Acacia Willd. (L.f.) (L.) nilotica Acacia Delile Abrus precatorius L. S. no. 5 3 4 1 2

Fig. 1: Map of Shajapur forest division showing studied areas division of Shajapur forest the studied areas 2: Medicinal from plants Table

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) 33 Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 28,128 22,066 27,570 27,333 27,486 27,580 27,282 28,224 28,062 Accession Accession no. 27,925 27,150 27,418 removes ringworms. ringworms. īrī removes alleviates jaundice. jaundice. u alleviates īrī should be taken with

ṭ with decoctionta cooked ṣ ṣ ṛ ak ak

ṇ ṇ gudī oil is useful in all types of

ṇ powder destroys Ga ṇḍ amālā. destroys hī powder

ṇṭ Bark should be used in all type of skin diseases. skin diseases. Root of svar in Pox. stale water alleviates edema. alleviates of punarnavā and paste The fruit pulp is pounded with water fruit pulp is pounded with water The It as is applied on face and made a paste. I cosmetic. Juice of svar Juice Fruit is useful in bleeding disorders, is useful in bleeding disorders, Fruit burningsexual sensation, pyrexia, dysuria, Ripe and thirst. fruit is laxative. debility, mixed with honey mixed Root of saireyaka Oil of water. with rice should be given stage should be taken in acute saireyaka of cyst in blood vessels. One should take juice of the leaves of of the leaves One should take juice It is with honey. or nimba mixed dhattūra Decoction of anthelmintic. an excellent cleans the wound. nimba leaves in - Intake the decoction of punarnavā Gh sleep. duces Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Root should be used in renal calculus and Root should be used in renal as diuretic. dhava should be applied as paste should be applied as paste dhava Khadira in skin diseases. bark added with Decoction of Kāñcanāra śu is heated with ghee is heated Bark of arlu smeared It with on stem. is crushed and mixed diarrhea. severe cure honey to with jaggeryIntake of bilva checks bleed - āma pain due to ing diarrhea, removes disorders and alleviates and constipation, juice leaves Intake of bilva of bowels. with trika mixed N23°33.665 ′ , E076°06.687 N23°51.214 ′ , E076°04.712 N23°24.974 ′ , E076°14.626 N23°25.497 ′ , E076°14.504 N23°25.511 ′ , E076°14.538 N23°25.005 ′ , E076°14.545 N23°25.007 ′ , E076°14.578 GPS status N23°43.193 ′ , E076°02.661 N23°51.312 ′ , E076°04.729 N23°55.912 ′ , E076°18.243 N23°35.266 ′ , E076°05.897 N23°50.402 ′ , E076°20.794 - Burad Ingore/ Hingot Satyanashi Sitaphal Aldusa Neem Patthar chatti – Dhavda Kachnar Local name Local Mahanimb Billi a

ṣ īrī

ṣ Name of the plant ak

ṇ gudī

ṇ Gandagātra Peet Saireyaka Peet Nimba Punarnavā Gorakshgānjā Dhava Kāñcanāra I Sanskrit name Arlu Svar Bilva Śveta-Śirī - Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Locality Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Susner Range Beat Dharola Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Beat Nalkheda Susner Range Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Tree Herb Tree Herb Habit. Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Annonaceae Acanthaceae Meliaceae Nyctaginaceae Family - Amaran thaceae Combretaceae Leguminosae - Zygophyl laceae - Simarou baceae Papaveraceae Rutaceae Leguminosae (L.) Delile Annona L. squamosa Barleria prionitis L. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Boerhavia diffusa L. Botanical name Botanical Aerva lanata (L.) Aerva Juss Anogeissuslatifolia DC.) ex (Roxb. Guillem. ex Wall. and Perr. Bauhinia variegata L. Balanites aegypti - Balanites aca Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Argemone mexi - Argemone L. cana Aegle marmelos Aegle (L.) Corrêa Albizia procera Benth (Roxb.) 10 15 13 17 S. no. 7 11 16 14 8 12 6 9 … Contd

34 Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 27,201 27,488 27,422 Accession Accession no. 27,444 27,131 27,749 27,382 27,501 27,207 27,584 27,661 27,396 27,459 - gī taken with milk provide Seeds taken with milk provide of Śivli ṅ gī male progeny. In swelling caused by vāta, paste of paste vāta, In caused by swelling G ṛ dhranakhī is useful. It is an intelligence-promoting drug and is usually agnivardhaka Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Unripe fruit should be used in anorexia Unripe fruit should be used in anorexia pitta Ripen thirst. fruit cures and excessive and vāta. Seed of śitivāra should be taken with but Seed of śitivāra dysuria. relieve to termilk Leaves of āragvadha are pounded with are of āragvadha Leaves and applied on the partsour gruel in case kiof ringworm, ṭ ibha, ku ṣṭ ha, and sidhma. hā root taken in morning for 3 taken in morning for of pā ṭ hā root Juice with mixed ṭ hā root Pā checks fever. days internal cures water honey and taken rice immediately. abscess Śāmali flower powder should be taken powder Śāmali flower with honey in intrinsic hemorrhage. milk as Śāmali tuber is used with cow aphrodisiac. Powder of Śallakī fruit should be applied Powder Smoke and then bandaged. the wound to should inhaled of Śallakī and other bronchial cure with ghee to drug mixed asthma. The plant is pungent, bitter; useful in is pungent, plant The bark and sciatica; is hemiplegia, lumbago, of urinary the removal tract. good for Milk boiled with priyāla and madhuka up child who Grown checks hemorrhage. has left milk should be given the breast of priyāla kernels, bolus prepared sweet paddy and sug - parched madhuka, honey, It and tonic. acts as saturating ar candy. Decoction of the of palāśa seed or paste should be taken. It water same with rice worms. destroys Fumigation with root of Arka with root and Śami is Fumigation Arkato applied for piles. latex beneficial eczema. cure N23°50.406 ′ , E076°20.859 N23°25.005 ′ , E076°14.529 N23°25.525 ′ , E076°14.550 GPS status N23°25.525 ′ , E076°14.614 N23°25.491 ′ , E076°14.491 N23°25.264 ′ , E076°14.577 N23°25.264 ′ , E076°14.565 N23°35.812 ′ , E076°03.341 N23°35.973 ′ , E076°03.962 N23°25.508 ′ , E076°14.610 N23°25.371 ′ , E076°14.556 N23°25.511 ′ , E076°14.538 N23°50.113 ′ , E076°19.481 Shivlingi Kanthar Kangana Karondi Lamdi Local name Local Amaltas – Semal Salar Kasahi Achar Khakara Aak/Aakda Name of the plant hmatī gī

ṣ ṅ dhranakhī

ṛ Jyoti Karamardikā Śitivāraka Sanskrit name Āraghvadha Pāthā Śālmali Śivli Śallakī Ekavīra Priyāla Palāśa Arka G Locality Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Ghata Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Habit. Climber Shrub Tree Tree Climber Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Shrub - Family Celastraceae Apocynaceae - Amaran thaceae Leguminosae Menisper maceae Malvaceae Cucurbitaceae Burseraceae Phyllanthaceae Anacardiaceae Leguminosae Apocynaceae Capparaceae - Botanical name Botanical Celastrus panicula - Celastrus tus Willd. Carissa spinarum Carissa L. L. argentea Celosia Cassia fistula L. Cassia Cissampelos L. pareira L. Bombax ceiba Cayaponia lac - Cayaponia iniosa (L.) C.Jeffrey serrata Boswellia Colebr. ex Roxb. (L.) Bridelia retusa A.Juss. Buchanania - cochinchin ensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida ma (Lam.) Taub. Butea monosper Butea procera Calotropis Dryand. (Aiton) Capparis sepiaria Capparis L. S. no. 28 25 29 26 30 18 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 … Contd

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) 35 Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 27,971 27,216 27,833 28,056 27,609 27,980 27,496 27,684 Accession Accession no. 27,592 28,066 27,006 27,384 27,994 27,505 - - - ta from root and leaves it and leaves root ta from Leaves used as vegetable. Leaves Drinking of grinding root with water used Drinking with water root of grinding easy/early delivery. for Bark paste used in wound. Bark paste Whole plant of Śa ṅ khapu plant Whole ṣ pī is a rasāyana intellect. specifically promoting Sārivā root is capable of cleaning all typesSārivā root should be used in chronic root of wound; fever. Bark of Śa ṅ khapu ṣ pī should be used as in erysipelaspaste boils. and eruptive Root is useful in guinea worm. The root root The Root is useful in guinea worm. of chilahi ṇṭ a is rubbed and applied as in snake and intake collyrium, paste, snuff, poisoning. The paste of tinduka paste with The bark mixed - excel ghee should be applied locally for all sorts for healing remedy of burn.lent with its of tinduka paste The prepared of repigmentation promotes juice own the spot. Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Fruits are used as vegetable; root should root used as vegetable; are Fruits be used in cough. Whole plant used in as rasāyana (rejuve used in as rasāyana plant Whole nation). tion taken with sugarcane juice or milk to or milk to juice tion taken with sugarcane pitta . caused by check vomiting Grule made of the parched grain of grain Grule made of the parched with honey Gavedhuka and mixed decoc Gavedhuka root obesity. reduces The wound should be applied juice of should be applied juice wound The - acci cure Sahadevī and then bandaged to of Sahadevī Made root a paste wound. dental the boils. applied for it’s water; using rice in pox. Decoc taken with ghee in pox. Seeds are tion of leaf is a good remedy. Prepared bimbīgh ṛ Prepared tract. in gastrointestinal worms is destroys N23°35.814 ′ , E076°03.328 N23°25.213 ′ , E076°14.378 N23°25.004 ′ , E076°14.516 N23°57.313 ′ , E076°00.526 N23°51.401 ′ , E076°04.899 N23°43.125 ′ , E076°02.715 N23°25.326 ′ , E076°14.678’ N23°25.417 ′ , E076°14.521 GPS status N23°51.373 ′ , E076°04.860 N23°35.705 ′ , E076°07.171 N23°55.833 ′ , E076°18.350 N23°43.152 ′ , E076°02.704 N23°55.914 ′ , E076°18.243 N23°50.403 ′ , E076°20.831 – Untkatara Liliya Fulzadi Dudhi bel Gondi Sumara Tendu – Amarbel Garodhya Local name Local Sahdevi Arni Gindori pī

ṣ a gī

ṇṭ ṛṅ Name of the plant aś mātaka khapu rakantaka na-Sārivā injjara ṣ ṣ ṅ ṭ ksha-

ṣṭ ṛṣ ṛ Me Tinduka Tikta-Jīvantī (Dr Tikta-Jīvantī Lale) Śle Ākaśvallī K Gavedhuka V Sanskrit name U Sahadevī Śa - Laghu–Agnim antha Ku Bimbī Chilahi Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Locality Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Susner Range Beat Dharola Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Susner Range Beat Palda Susner Range Beat Dharola Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Tree Habit. Climber Tree Herb (Parasite) Climber Herb Tree Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Climber Climber - Ebenaceae Family Apocynaceae Boraginaceae - Convolvu laceae Apocynaceae Poaceae Bignoniaceae Compositae Compositae - Convolvu laceae Lamiaceae - Amaran thaceae Cucurbitaceae Menisper maceae - Diospyros melan - Diospyros oxylon Roxb. Botanical name Botanical Dregea volubilis Benth. ex (L.f.) Hook.f dichotoma Cordia G.Forst. reflexa Cuscuta Roxb. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida Coix lacryma-Coix jobi L. Dolichandrone (Wall. ex falcata DC.) Seem. Echinops echinatus Echinops Shajapur Roxb. Cyanthillium ci - Cyanthillium (L.) H.Rob. nereum Convolvulus pros Convolvulus Forssk. tratus Clerodendrum Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f muricata Digera (L.) Mart. grandis Coccinia (L.)Voigt Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus (L.) W.Theob 41 S. no. 43 36 38 37 34 42 44 39 35 31 40 32 33 … Contd

36 Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 27,613 27,116 27,942 27,378 27,428 27,450 27,562 Accession Accession no. 27,827 22,088 27,392 - bark paste applied aftera bark paste

ṣ k

ṛ ṭ abhī, ka ṭ ukā and ka ṭ phala. a pounded with cow’s ṭ a pounded with cow’s Va of root Hanging acute should be taken for buttermilk diarrhea. incising the scalp on the same followed incising the scalp on same followed of of powder in the form take nasya by ka should decoction plant or powder Whole infestation. be used in worm garāja with water allevi - with water made of Bh ṛṅ garāja Pill blood and dysentery with mucus, ates It actsgriping. is as Rasāyana if the juice keeping on milk a month taken daily for and vigor in full of strength diet resulting years span of hundred the life and attain It is used as intake, collyrium, snuff, paste, paste, snuff, It collyrium, is used as intake, in spider poisoning and is pre and bath do ṣ as. in all the three dominant Dugdhikā and rice with cooked steamed taken with the same after adding oil, of Paste checks dysentery with blood. boils. Dugdhikāṇḍ seeds destroys and era Its root is one of ingredients of daśamūla, Its is one of ingredients root In roga. Piitajvara, which is used in vātaj decoctionthe cold of kāśmarya mixed thirst and excessive with sugar pacifies burning sensation. 40 g Carmav Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Paste of root should be mixed with ghee should be mixed of root Paste and sugar taken with milk. It removes ṇ āmśūla). pain during digestion (Pari The soup of kapitthaThe is useful and bilva pulp of kapittha with mixed Fruit in piles. and sugar checks vomiting. trika honey, ṭ u, The dried bark of Aśvattha is burnt and dried barkThe of Aśvattha checks intake water This dipped in water. with fruit, milk cooked Taking vomiting. bark, added root, and leaf bud of Aśvattha with sugar and honey enables sexual stimulation N23°50.402 ′ , E076°20.794 N23°25.524 ′ , E076°14.581 N23°55.823 ′ , E076°18.327 N23°25.529 ′ , E076°14.626 N23°55.930 ′ , E076°18.105 N23°25.511 ′ , E076°14.548 N23°25.056 ′ , E076°14.404 GPS status N23°24.974 ′ , E076°14.626 N23°55.925 ′ , E076°18.197 N23°34.416 ′ , E076°06.499 Bad/Balda Nav Bhangra Katai Dudhi Khamar/ Sevan Muzhal – Local name Local Kabit Pipal a

ṣ k

ṛ Name of the plant kata bhārī garāja ṅ a ṁ ṛṅ ṭ hata

ṛ Māmajjaka Dugdhikā Vika B Carmav Ga Nīla- Śankhpushpī Sanskrit name Kapittha Bh Aśhvattha Aśhvattha Va Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Dharola Locality Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Dharola Susner Range Beat Dharola Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Tree Herb Habit. Tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Flacourtiaceae Gentianaceae Euphorbiaceae Family Boraginaceae Lamiaceae - Convolvu laceae Rutaceae Compositae Moraceae Moraceae Flacourtia indica Merr. (Burm.f.) Enicostema axil - Enicostema littorale subsp. lare (Blume) A.Raynal hirtaEuphorbia L. Botanical name Botanical Ehretia laevis Ehretia Roxb. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Evolvulus alsi - Evolvulus noides (L.) L. Feronia limonia (L.) Feronia Swingle prostrata Eclipta (L.) L. L. religiosa Ficus Ficus benghalensis Ficus L. 53 47 48 S. no. 46 54 49 50 45 51 52 … Contd

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) 37 Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 27,646 27,700 28,221 28,043 27,178 27,380 Accession Accession no. 27,512 27,798 27,588 27,848 24,286 27,953 - ṇ ī re ṣ ikapar with sugar in case of ṇ ī mixed aja is the best drug for diarrhea., ṭ aja is the best drug for Ku all skin decoctionṭ aja destroys of Ku ṭ aja bark taken with curd Ku diseases., gravels along with wholesome diet expels urethera. through Snuffing of the exudation of Ji ṅ gi exudation Snuffing of the pain in shoulders and arms. moves Ghee cooked with other drug and Ghee cooked ṅ ī is efficacious in calculus caused Pīlūpar pitta. by of Mū ṣ ikapar plant Whole ṇ ī should decoction of Take in worms. be given Mū worms. caused by fever Its action system is seen on the digestive and a astringent, as it is an appetizer, stimulant. hepatic Leaf buds of chirabilva fried in oil should buds of chirabilva Leaf iun Gulma and colic. relief be taken for should be taken with of leaves Juice worms. honey for Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Madhūka pounded with milk flowers on the spot and bandaged in pasted are burning sensation, Iteczema. removes pain, etc. The paste of the leaves rājādana and ka rājādana - of the leaves paste The efficacious in the pittha fried in ghee are of both also the paste menometrorrhagia etc. shoud be applied in freckles, leaves Decoction of the fruit is useful in diarrhea, colic dysentery, Nīlinītaken with milk in morning and the applied locally overcomes its paste disease. Nāgabalā root has a rasāyana property. property. has a rasāyana Nāgabalā root and arjun bark of nāgbalā root Powder heart remove should be used with milk to disease. Bark useful in fever with burning sensa - Bark useful in fever tion. N23°43.033 ′ , E076°02.353 N23°51.376 ′ , E076°04.861 N23°51.361 ′ , E076°04.875 N23°55.854 ′ , E076°18.286 N23°25.432 ′ , E076°14.513 N23°50.843 ′ , E076°20.877 GPS status N23°25.044 ′ , E076°14.427 N23°25.598 ′ , E076°14.768 N23°25.005 ′ , E076°14.523 N23°43.136 ′ , E076°02.725 N23°25.533 ′ , E076°14.606 N23°25.495 ′ , E076°14.505 Dudhi Gurjan Sada- Mastani Undarkarni Gudmar Chiryal/ Chiral Mahua Khirni Marodfalli Nil Local name Local Gangoriya Dhaman ī

ṇ ī

ṅ ī Name of the plant

ṇ ikapar shringī

aja ṣ ṣ gi ṭ

ṅ Chirbilva Madhūka Rājādana Āvartinī Nīlinī Sanskrit name Pīlūpar Mū Ku Ji Nāgabalā (Dr Lale) Dhanvana Me Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Locality Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Susner Range Beat Dharola Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Tree Habit. Tree Tree Shrub Herb Climber Herb Tree Tree Shrub Tree Climber Ulmaceae Family Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Malvaceae Leguminosae Capparaceae - Convolvu laceae Apocynaceae Anacardiaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Apocynaceae - (Retz.) R.Br. ex ex (Retz.) R.Br. - integri Holoptelea folia Planch. Botanical name Botanical Madhuca Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev. Manilkara Manilkara (Roxb.) hexandra Dubard L. isora Helicteres Indigofera tinctoria Indigofera L. arenaria Maerua and Hook. f. Thomson Merremia Merremia (Burm. emarginata Hallier f f.) Holarrhena ex Wall. pubescens G.Don Lannea Lannea coromandelica Merr. (Houtt.) Grewia abutilifolia Grewia Juss. ex Vent. Grewia tiliifolia Grewia Vahl tre Sm. Gymnema sylves 60 S. no. 63 65 58 61 64 66 59 62 55 56 57 … Contd

38 Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh … Contd 27,984 27,465 Accession Accession no. 27,432 27,698 27,482 28,155 28,132 27,757 27,992 27,842 27,438 27,611 - - ṇṭ akārī cough. is the best drug for Root should be used in or whole plant and constipation. hyperacidity Ka ofSnuffing with juice Ka ṇṭ akārī fruits of epilepsy and the attack eliminates quickly. consciousness restores Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved Pulp of Kharjūra mixed with honey should of Kharjūra mixed Pulp and intrinsic hemor be used in hiccough rhage. In event of miscarriage In in the first month event should the woman during pregnancy, take madhuka, and śāka payasyā, seed, devadāru. The root of Citraka mixed with honey of Citraka root mixed The taking After Pippalī obesity. reduce to cure to with buttermilk with Citraka root diarrhea. Bark of Kārī- should be used in hyperacid diarrhea, and diseases of throat. ity, Decoction of the heart of Bījaka wood with honey. should be taken mixed Wheat – flower is mixed with is mixed Kapikacchū – flower Wheat Then with milk. and cooked seed powder followed with ghee and eaten it is mixed By tak of milk as aphrodisiac. intake by one a month, ing decoction of seed for in arms. the strength regains Fanjjikā tender leaves used as vegetable. used as vegetable. leaves tender Fanjjikā used in hemorrhagic conditions, Leaves diarrhea, and dysentery. Fruits are used to cure skin cure used to diseases and are Fruits - fomenta used as are leaves inflammation, tion. Powder of sandal taken with the juice of of sandal taken with the juice Powder mixed Candana āmalaka checks vomiting. with sugar and honey along rice burning from free one becomes water, and hemorrhage. thirst, sensation, It all types of skin of cures Juice diseases. pounded with Śālapar ṇ ī or Cakramarda sours should be used as paste. N23°51.354 ′ , E076°04.860 N23°24.974 ′ , E076°14.626 GPS status N23°50.411 ′ , E076°20.866 N23°35.013 ′ , E076°03.813 N23°43.145 ′ , E076°02.715 N23°51.184 ′ , E076°04.720 N23°51.414 ′ , E076°04.912 N23°35.635 ′ , E076°03.905 N23°25.303 ′ , E076°14.673 N23°43.137 ′ , E076°02.725 N23°25.521 ′ , E076°14.559 N23°55.930 ′ , E076°18.105 Dudhi beldi Choti Kateri Kharjur Sagon Local name Local Chitavar Umbiya Kalya Kenvanch Fang Mal-Tulsi Chandan Pavadiya Name of the plant akārī

ṇṭ ccakālī

ṛ Kharjūra Śāka Sanskrit name Citraka Kārī Bījaka Kapikacchū Fanjjikā Arjaka Arjaka Candana V Cakramarda Ka Locality Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Ghata Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Lakhakhedi Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Susner Range Beat Dharola Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Habit. Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb Tree Climber Herb Herb Family Arecaceae Lamiaceae - Plumbagi naceae Annonaceae Leguminosae Leguminosae - Convolvu laceae Lamiaceae Santalaceae Apocynaceae Leguminosae Solanaceae Botanical name Botanical sylvestris Phoenix (L.) Roxb. L.f grandis Tectona Plumbago Plumbago L. zeylanica Miliusa tomentosa J.Sinclair (Roxb.) Pterocarpus Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Rivea hypocrateriformis Choisy Ocimum L. americanum Santalum album L. Pergularia daemia Pergularia Chiov. (Forssk.) L. Senna tora Solanum L. virginianum S. no. 71 78 72 67 73 68 74 69 75 70 76 77 … Contd

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) 39 Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh 27,708 27,732 27,414 27,539 20,341 27,540 Accession Accession no. 27,710 28,074 27,578 27,704 27,607 - -do- ī leaves’ juice juice with Nirgu ṇḍ ī leaves’ Ghee cooked kapha. caused by cough Powder alleviates should be taken with of Nirgu ṇḍ ī root It and oil. is useful in arthritis, lumbago, trembling. Decoction infusion of Gū ḍ ūcī of the cold and fever should be taken in chronic of Gū ḍ ūcī should be used Juice jaundice. destroys with milk. longevity, It provides diges - strength, and promotes diseases, and intellect. voice, luster, power, tive Śarpu ṅ khā with honey heals all mixed Inhalation of fume types of wounds. for remedy Śarpu ṅ khā is an excellent cough. Śarpu ṅ khā with honey heals all mixed Inhalation of fume types of wounds. for remedy Śarpu ṅ khā is an excellent cough. Preparation of ghee cooked with juice of with juice of ghee cooked Preparation Ārttagala is useful in hoarseness of voice vāta. caused by Properties/action/indication described in text Ayurved In cardiac disorders milk processed with milk processed In disorders cardiac In barkArjuna should be used. freckles, with bark of Arjuna mixed the paste honey should be applied. Burning sensation is relieved applying the Burning is relieved sensation of fine powder The of karkandhu.paste karkandhu with equal quantity of mixed ghee and jaggery checks pradara. Only Bibhītaka for fruit is sufficient all types Seeds of cough. Bibhītaka Its pounded and taken with wine. are defects of urine and destroys removes calculus. - and Bhedana (purga cooling having Fruit propertytive) and its action is aphro disiac. One should tender leaves of Jīvantī fried of Jīvantī leaves One should tender Decoction of blindness. in ghee night with ghee removes mixed root Jīvantī burning and fever. sensation N23°51.140 ′ , E076°04.721 N23°55.896 ′ , E076°18.214 N23°50.406, E076°20.859 ′ N23°43.146 ′ , E076°02.708 N23°43.146 ′ , E076°02.718 N23°55.923 ′ , E076°18.099 GPS status N23°35.043 ′ , E076°04.121 N23°25.295 ′ , E076°14.628 N23°34.974 ′ , E076°03.855 N23°25.474 ′ , E076°14.463 N23°25.297 ′ , E076°14.668 Dodhi Negad Gudvel Sharpunkha Sharpunkha Adhasisi Arjun Bor Jali Local name Local Baheda Ghatbor Bachangdi aja

ṭ ī khā khā-

Name of the plant ṅ ṅ ṇḍ ūcī

ḍ bheda Ārttagala Śveta-Ku Nirgu Śveta- Śarpu Arjuna Karkandhu Sanskrit name Bibhītaka Ghontā Jīvantī (Dr Lale) Jīvantī Gū Śarpu Susner Range Beat Dharola Locality Agar Range Agar Beat Barda-Barkheda Susner Range Beat Dharola Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Range Agar Beat Ghata Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Agar Range Agar Beat Ghata Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Shajapur Range, Beat Shajapur Susner Range Beat Nalkheda Agar Range Agar Beat Banskhedi Herb Habit. Tree Shrub Herb Tree Shrub Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb - Compositae Family Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Leguminosae Combretaceae Rhamnacea e Combretaceae Rhamnaceae Apocynaceae Menisper maceae Leguminosae (L.) Pers Xanthium stru - Xanthium marium L. Botanical name Botanical Wrightia tinctoria Wrightia R.Br. Vitex negundo L. Vitex Tephrosia villosa Tephrosia (L.) Pers. arjuna Terminalia DC.) ex (Roxb. & Arn Wight - num Ziziphus (Burm.f.) mularia & Arn Wight bellirica Terminalia (Gaertn.) Roxb. Ziziphus xylopyrusZiziphus (Retz.) Willd. Telosma pallida Telosma G. Craib W. (Roxb.) Tinospora sinensis Tinospora Merr. (Lour.) Tephrosia purpu - Tephrosia rea 87 S. no. 86 85 81 82 88 83 89 79 84 80 … Contd

40 Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh nine species of medicinal plants which are described in Ayurveda The exploration of other medicinal plants growing in other have been observed and identified from different GPS locations. seasons may be explored to complete medicinal plant flora of Sanskrit names of Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss., Dregea volubilis Shajapur forest division may be confirmed. It has been found (L.f.) Benth. ex Hook.f, and Telosma pallida (Roxb.) W. G. Craib have that some important and rare spp. in Madhya Pradesh which is been made according to new the text.15 described in Ayurveda like Convolvulus prostrates Forssk, (Lam.) Taub., Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm., Santalum album L. Conclusion etc. is growing naturally which may be conserved and cultivated in Exploration of Shajapur forest division of Madhya Pradesh is large scale to meet out the demand of supply and its sustainable done in December 2018 other season has not been explored. utilisation may be done Fig. 2.

Fig. 2: Some important medicinal plants photographs of Shajapur forest division

Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Volume 5 Issue 1 (January–March 2020) 41 Exploration of Medicinal Plants Described in Ayurveda of Shajapur Forest Division, Madhya Pradesh

Acknowledgments 6. Sharma PV. Dravyagunavigyan vol. IInd, IIIrd and IVth,: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi; 2000. Authors are thankful to the Director General, Central Council for 7. Sharma PV. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, for financial Visvabharti; 2004. p. 5–416. assistance and encouragements. Our thanks goes to the D.F.O. 8. Gogte VM. Ayurvedic Pharmacology & Therapeutic Uses of Medicinal Shajapur, Madhya Pradesh, for providing assistance in the field. Field Plants. New Delhi: Dravyagunavigyanm Chaukhambha Publication; assistance rendered by Shri Santosh Kumar Saket, Field Attendant, 2009. p. 287–753. and Driver Shri Naresh Lal, is also thankfully acknowledged. We are 9. Chunekar KC, Yadav CL. Medicinal plants of Sushrut Samhita. France: Vaidya Aterya Smith B.SC; 2005. p. 2–495. also thankful to the data entry operator Shree Ayush Verma. 10. The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www. theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st January). 11. Rao RR, Methods and techniques in ethnobotanical study and research References some basic consideration, in: Method and Approaches in Ethno botany, 1. Kumar BA. Some Ethno-medicinal plants and eco-friendly natural by SK Jain (Society of Ethno botanists, Lucknow); 13–23, 1989. colors yielding flowering plants of B.S.N govt. P.G. college campus, 12. Jain SK, Rao RR. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. New Shajapur (M.P.) – A survey report. Int J Res–Granthaalayah 2015;3(4):1–6. Delhi: Today & Tomorrow Printers and Publishers; 1967. p. 33–58. 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/shajapur#Geography. 13. Varma DM, Balakrishnan NP, Dixit RD. Flora of Madhya Pradesh, vol. 1, 3. http://www.shajapur.mp.gov.in. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India; 1993. p. 35–626. 4. Chunekar KC. Pandey Gangasahay. Bhavprakash Nighantu. Varanasi: 14. Mudgal V, Khanna KK, Hajra PK. Flora of Madhya Pradesh, vol. II., Chowkhambha Publication; 1998. p. 3–704. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India; 1997. p. 1–633. 5. Tripathi I. Raj Nighantu. Varanasi: Chokhambha Publication; 1998. 15. Lale SK. Aushadhnamrupvigyanum, vol. II, Indore: Hemraj Lale; 2015. p. 1–428. p. XX–465.

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