MEN in the THIRD WORLD Postcolonial Perspectives On

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MEN in the THIRD WORLD Postcolonial Perspectives On 06-Kimmel.qxd 3/5/2004 5:21 PM Page 90 6 MEN IN THE THIRD WORLD Postcolonial Perspectives on Masculinity ROBERT MORRELL SANDRA SWART his chapter examines men and masculinity the developed and developing worlds. These in the postcolonial world, a world formerly concepts are crude, sometimes misleading, and T controlled by European colonizers. It often inaccurate. Yet they retain an undeniable considers how men and masculinity have been truth. As a shorthand, for all its shortcomings, analyzed using a number of different theories we shall in this chapter be using the term Third and literatures and suggests that the specific World to refer to the un- and underdeveloped gender conditions of the postcolonial world regions concentrated in South America, Africa, require a flexible, yet syncretic, approach if their and parts of Asia, an area often termed “the lives are to be understood and, more important, South” to distinguish its state from the industri- appreciated and improved. alized and wealthy “North.” Our starting point is that the world still The differences between the First and Third bears the mark of colonialism. The World Bank, Worlds can be found in the statistics shown in for example, divides the world into two eco- Table 6.1. nomic categories: “more developed regions”— People in different parts of the world have Europe, North America, Australia, New hugely divergent experiences of life. We can Zealand, and Japan—and “less developed make some generalizations that will underpin regions”—the rest of the world. A further sub- this study. Many babies never make it to their category (a part of the less developed regions first birthdays, and those who achieve this live in that includes the poorest countries of the world) poverty for much of their lives. Many will live in is “Sub-Saharan Africa.” There is still good rural areas, with little access to the technology reason to talk about the dichotomy between that people in the more developed world rely the metropole and the periphery and about on. And the situation is getting worse: The share Authors’ Note: We would like to thank Bob Connell and Jeff Hearn for their helpful comments on this draft. 90 06-Kimmel.qxd 3/5/2004 5:21 PM Page 91 Men in the Third World • 91 Table 6.1 Differences Between the First and Third Worlds Life Life Life Births per Deaths per Infant Expectancy Expectancy Expectancy Percentage 1000 of 1000 of Mortality at Birth at Birth at Birth of Urban Population Population Rate (Total) (Male) (Female) Population More 11 10 8 75 72 79 75 developed Less 25 8 61 64 63 66 40 developed Sub-Saharan 41 15 94 51 49 52 30 Africa SOURCE: Population Reference Bureau (2001a, p. 2). of the poorest 20% of the world’s population as we show in section 3 of this chapter, the in, the global economy in 1960 was 2.3%; in general approach has the potential both to focus 1997 it was down to 1.1% (Heward, 1999, p. 9). theoretical light on men in the periphery and to Beyond this generalization there are gender prompt new angles of research into masculinity differentiations, which this chapter will explore. that give greater weight to alternative paradigms The Third World is still portrayed in the (particularly, indigenous knowledge systems). mass media in ways that Edward Said (1978) explained in terms of the concept “orientalism.” The (mostly) black people of the Third World were “othered.” Despite the vigorous debates SOME HISTORICAL about such (mis)representation, the Third World AND THEORETICAL STARTING POINTS is nonetheless represented as a combination of emaciated children, crying women, and men Postcolonialism refers to the period after colo- engaged in war. These gendered portrayals both nialism. Although the impact of colonialism is reflect global disparities and gravely misre- contested, we take it to refer to a phase in world present them. In this chapter, we set out to see history beginning in the early 16th century that how these global inequalities can be understood eventually, by 1914, saw Europe hold sway over in gendered terms. Following the main thrust more than 85% of the rest of the globe. of critical men’s studies, we move beyond gen- Another meaning of colonialism refers to dered essentialisms to examine how different the political ideologies that legitimated the masculinities are constructed and how men are modern occupation and exploitation of already positioned and act in the world. It is important settled lands by external powers. For the indige- from the outset to note that there has been little nous populations, it meant the suppression of analysis of men and masculinity in the Third resistance, the imposition of alien laws, and World. Anthropologists have left a rich descrip- the parasitic consumption of natural resources, tion of the doings of men, although seldom have including human labor. these been put into a conscious gender frame, Colonialism was a highly gendered process. and rarely have these scholars incorporated the In the first instance, it was driven by gendered history of colonial and postcolonial society into metropolitan forces and reflected the gender their ethnographic accounts (Finnström, 1997). order of the metropole. The economies of Two works consciously working from a critical Europe from the 16th century onward were men’s studies perspective provide exceptions to geared toward the colonies. The men who this generalization in South Africa (Morrell, were engaged in conquest and those who were 2001) and South America (Gutmann, 2001). It is absorbed into industry producing and profiting surprising that the emergence of postcolonial from the subordination of large parts of the theory, with a strong element of feminism in it, world, working and ruling classes together, were has done little to rectify this omission, although, complicit in exploitative practices, the most 06-Kimmel.qxd 3/5/2004 5:21 PM Page 92 92 • GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PATTERNS brutal of which was the nearly three-century-long policing of the “dangerous classes”: the working trans-Atlantic slave trade. Europe’s Enlighten- class, the Irish, Jews, prostitutes, feminists, gays ment ambitions, fused with its colonial past, and lesbians, criminals, the militant crowd and so were based on the power and symbolic potency on. At the same time, the cult of domesticity was of the nation-state. Today the process of the not simply a trivial and fleeting irrelevance, belonging properly in the private, “natural” realm transnational economy spells the decline of of the family. Rather, I argue that the cult of nation-states as principals of economic and polit- domesticity was a crucial, if concealed, dimension ical organization. The decline of the nation- of male as well as female identities—shifting and state and the end of colonialism also marks unstable as these were. (McLintock, 1995, p. 5) the concomitant historical crisis of the values it represented, chiefly masculine authority foun- In his chapter in this volume, Robert W. ded and embodied in the patriarchal family, Connell (see chapter 5) argues for the need to compulsory heterosexuality, and the exchange look beyond ethnography and local studies of women—all articulated in the crucible of to comprehend how globalization is shaping imperial masculinity. gender power in the 21st century. In thisn chap- As many have argued, from one of the first ter, we argue that a necessary complement to this Africanist historians, Basil Davidson (1961), in approach is the need to recognize what anthro- the 1950s and 1960s, to the historian of the pologists used to call “the Fourth World”— transatlantic diaspora and its cultural impact, a world that policies of modernization did not Paul Gilroy (1993), the slave trade changed the touch, where life continued much as it had meaning of “race” and produced an equation of always done except that the ecological con- black with inferiority. Much of the research on sequences of advanced industrialization were race (Hoch, 1979; Staples, 1982; Stecopoulos & experienced catastrophically in climate change Uebel, 1997) is still trying to make sense of the and attendant natural disasters. Added to this is way in which masculinities in the 20th century the need to examine contexts wherein develop- were shaped by the systematic elaboration of ment has failed and people no longer believe in racist discourses. A derivative of recent theoret- the promise of progress. In large parts of the ical advances has been to examine how the world, people today are poorer than they were experience of race in the colonies (Stoler, 1989) half a century ago. In most instances, the slide influenced class relations and identities in the into poverty has not been linear but has been metropole (Hall, 1992) and how metropolitan punctuated by moments of material improve- ideas travelled into the periphery (Johnson, ment. There are few places in the world which 2001). In Imperial Leather, Anne McClintock still harbor the illusion that, in material terms at (1995) argues that to understand colonialism least, things will get better soon. Globalization and postcolonialism, one must first recognize has been described as another form of colo- that race, gender, and class are not “distinct nialism or imperialism. It has not “corrected” realms of experience, existing in splendid isola- the legacies of the uneven march of capitalism tion from each other”; rather, they come into or the differential impacts of imperialism existence in relation to each other, albeit in (Golding & Harris, 1997). Instead, globalization conflictual ways. Others have argued before her has fostered media and cultural imperialism. that the Victorians connected race, class, and Information technologies have disseminated gender in ways that promoted imperialism Hollywood images around the world, giving abroad and classism at home, but McClintock an illusion of a homogenous global culture.
Recommended publications
  • Conversation Living Feminist Politics - Amina Mama Interviews Winnie Byanyima
    Conversation Living Feminist Politics - Amina Mama interviews Winnie Byanyima Winnie Byanyima is MP for Mbarara Municipality in Western Uganda. The daughter of two well-known politicians, she was a gifted scholar and won awards to pursue graduate studies in aeronautical engineering. However, she chose to join the National Resistance Movement under Museveni's leadership, and later became one of the first women to stand successfully for direct elections. Winnie is best known for her gender advocacy work with non- governmental organisations, her anti-corruption campaigns, and her opposition to Uganda's involvement in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo. She is currently affiliated to the African Gender Institute, where she is writing a memoir of three generations of women – her grandmother, her mother and her own life in politics. Here she is interviewed by Amina Mama on behalf of Feminist Africa. Amina Mama: Let's begin by talking about your early life, and some of the formative influences. Winnie Byanyima: I grew up pretty much my father's daughter. I admired him very much, and people said I was like him. I had a more difficult relationship with my mother. But in the last few years as I've tried to reflect on who I am and why I believe the things that I believe, I've found myself coming back to my mother and my grandmother, and having to face the fact that I take a lot from those women. It's tough, because it means that I must recognise all that I didn't take as important about my mother's struggles.
    [Show full text]
  • One Between Third World/Women of Color Feminism and Decolonial Feminism
    Notes One Between Third World/Women of Color Feminism and Decolonial Feminism 1. By alter-modern here I mean other than modern or a demodern stance as a way of delinking from modernity and its discourses (Mignolo 2007). For more details see chapter two. 2. One of the new grounds for uniting the women of color discourses is the decolonial option discussed in detail in chapter two. 3. Jayawardena’s later works such as The White Woman’s Other Burden (1995) and Nobodies to Somebodies (2000) reconsider and problematize some of her initial Marxist interpretations concentrating on transcultural and trans-epistemic encounters between Asian and Western women. 4. Sandoval’s critical dialogue with modernity and postmodernity is more flexible and open than many male heterosexual variants of non-Western emancipating discourses. Instead of the intellectual operation of denounc- ing modernity in all its manifestations she attempts to find certain impulses, ideas, and drives in critical modern philosophy that would echo the decolonial agendas and thus be used as a ground for dialogue. Two Decolonial Feminism and the Decolonial Turn 1. For more details see Mignolo and Tlostanova 2006. 2. The first or Christian phase of modernity in decolonial option stretches from the sixteenth century and until the enlightenment while the second secular modernity is a post-enlightenment phase. 3. For the argument on intersections and differences between the decolonial option and postcolonial studies see Mignolo and Tlostanova 2007. 4. Race is fundamental in the shaping of the modern/colonial imaginary and its reverberations can be felt in distorted forms even in such countries as Russia and its former and present colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Transformative Essence of Intellectual Feminism in Africa
    Open Political Science, 2021; 4: 126–135 Research Article Al Chukwuma Okoli* Exploring the Transformative Essence of Intellectual Feminism in Africa: Some Contributions of Amina Mama https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2021-0013 received October 21, 2020; accepted January 14, 2021. Abstract: The paper seeks to explore the transformative essence of intellectual feminism in Africa, with particular reference to the contributions of Amina Mama. Following textual and contextual exegeses of works by or on the focal scholar-activist, as well as insights drawn on extant literature on aspects of her gender/feminist engagements/ scholarship, the paper posits that Amina Mama has made significant transformative contributions in various sites of intellectual feminism, especially in the areas of intellectual resourcing, academic leadership and mentoring, as well as strategic scholarly activism/advocacy. Among other things, the study intends to set an agenda on how to effectively link feminist scholarship to practice in an effort to mainstreaming social transformation in Africa. Keywords: Amina Mama, feminism, intellectual feminism, social transformation, transformational feminism 1 Introduction Feminism is a social belief system or movement dedicated to the emancipation of women from cultural and structural and allied inhibitions of the patriarchal world. It refers to “a complex set of political ideologies used by the women’s movement to advance the cause of women’s equality and put to an end to sexist theory and practice of social oppression” (Ngwainmbi, 2004: 95). As conceived by Mama (cited in Encyclopedia.com, 2018) “Feminism is broadly defined as the struggle for the liberation of women, and encompasses epistemologies, methodologies, theories, and modes of activism that seek to bring an end to the oppression and subordination of women by men”.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Issue for the Journal Race
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery 1 Paper for Special issue of Race, Ethnicity and Education on Black Feminism and Postcolonial Paradigms to be published in March 2009 De-colonising practices: Negotiating narratives from racialised and gendered experiences of education Ann Phoenix Thomas Coram Research Unit Institute of Education University of London 27 Woburn Square London WC1H OAA Tel: +44 (0)20 7911 5395 [email protected] Word count with references: 8389 2 De-colonising practices: Negotiating narratives from racialised and gendered experiences of education Abstract This paper uses feminist work on diaspora and postcolonial theory to examine the ways in which women serial migrants, who as children left the Caribbean to join their parents in the UK, experienced racialised, gendered intersections in the ‘contact zone’ of school. Drawing on narrative accounts from 50 women serial migrants the paper argues that school was a key site for racialised subjectification, even though, as girls new to the UK, the participants had not yet come to an understanding of racialisation. Their mastery of a new school system occurred in contexts where they reported being subjected to racist discourses from teachers and other children. It was epistemically violent in that it involved learning that they were constructed as inadequate learners and undesirable femininities. As a result, they experienced subjectification and school itself as painful processes. All, however, reported agency in resisting subjection into representations of themselves as innately incapable. Their retrospective accounts indicated that postcolonial theory can illuminate how migrant children negotiate complex, racialised experiences in education and, in doing so, help to de-colonise everyday practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Claire M. Tylee
    EnterText 3.2 CLAIRE M. TYLEE Issues of Racial Masquerade: Jewish Assimilation to Englishness in Bernice Rubens’ Mate in Three Bernice Rubens commenced her long career of virtuoso, prize-winning works in 1960. They range across a variety of genres including thrillers, historical novels and social comedies as well as the family saga, and the success of several was increased by their adaptation to film or television.1 Rubens is one of Britain’s best-recognised Jewish authors, and although some of her novels have no Jewish characters at all, the first four were firmly anchored in Jewish families. They culminated in The Elected Member, which won the Booker Prize in 1969. The sardonic humour of Rubens’ vision joyfully embraces the gothic and the surreal, delving into taboo topics such as cross-dressing, incest, rape and murder, with a gallery of monstrous mothers and eccentric bachelors. This would seem to place her alongside writers such as Beryl Bainbridge in a robustly comic tradition stemming from Dickens. However, I want to suggest she has also contributed to the Woman’s Novel, the more genteel tradition of Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamund Lehman and Elizabeth Taylor. This was a genre first identified by Nicola Beauman in 1983 with her study of books by women written between 1914 and 1939. She defined it as consisting of novels that are not concerned with adventure or dramatic action, but with “the steadfast dailiness” of (domestic) life. Olga Kenyon and Clare Hanson have extended our understanding of this “fiction, written mainly Tylee: Racial Masquerade in Rubens’ Mate in Three 76 EnterText 3.2 by women, with women readers in mind” beyond World War II, as including books by such writers as Margaret Drabble, Fay Weldon and Anita Brookner.2 Rubens has followed her Jewish predecessor, Betty Miller, in an attempt to politicise the genre and use it critically.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews
    African Studies Quarterly | Volume 14, Issues 1 & 2 | November 2013 BOOK REVIEWS Akin Adesokan. 2011. Postcolonial Artists and Global Aesthetics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. xix, 230 pp. In Postcolonial Artists and Global Aesthetics, Akin Adesokan considers how the processes of globalization and decolonization have shaped the careers of six postcolonial “artist– intellectuals” (p. xii): C. L. R. James, Caryl Phillips, and Arundhati Roy, known primarily as writers; and Ousmane Sembene, Tunde Kelani, and Jean-Pierre Bekolo, known mostly for filmmaking. In the preface and introduction, Adesokan makes the case that analysis of art in any form must consider the “aesthetic typology” (p. xi) that constructs its genre but then press beyond to consider how genres are contoured by global forces. He suggests the West African marketplace as a model: the marketplace is a social space where people and ideas mingle, a crossroads where the trajectories of locals and outsiders intersect and drift apart, and a site where commerce thrives. Conceived broadly, the marketplace brings artists of all stripes into a worldwide conversation with other artists, with political actors, and with larger publics. Yet, these actors must also attend to economic considerations that color the motives of creators and patrons and to globalization’s uneven spread of wealth and technologies, which shape genre expectations and force artists to make do with disparate local realities. Each of the remaining chapters considers the work of one artist–intellectual, melding careful readings of key works into discussions of the postcolonial contexts that shaped them— and showing how each oeuvre critiques those conditions. In “Toward the Seventh: The Pan- African Congress—Past, Present and Future” (1984) and other works of writer/activist C.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminist Subjectivities: Sources for a Politicised Practice of Women's
    FEMINIST SUBJECTIVITIES: SOURCES FOR A POLITICISED PRACTICE OF WOMEN’S PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION A thesis submitted by Anne Bridget Ryan, Candidate for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts Research supervisor: Dr. Thomas Collins Centre for Adult and Community Education Department of Social Studies National University of Ireland, Maynooth November, 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SUMMARY vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS viii LIST OF TABLES ix PART ONE CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE THESIS 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Subjectivity 3 1.2 Pedagogy 5 1.3 Poststructuralism and feminism ■ 7 1.4 Political and epistemological commitments 9 1.5 Politics 11 1.6 Feminist poststructuralism, structures and the gender regime^ 13 1.6.1 A gendered division of labour, or production. \ 13 1.6.2 A structure of power 13 1.6.3 A structure of cathexis 14 1.7 Power, resistance and agency 15 1.8 Personal development education examined in the context of the position of women in Ireland 17 1.9 What does a personal development course look like? 24 1.10 Why I am undertaking this study 26 1.11 The research questions 34 CHAPTER TWO FEMINIST POSTSTRUCTURALISM AND THE MODERN SUBJECT 2.0 Introduction 36 2.1 The modern subject 39 2.2 Social change and humanist models of the subject 42 2.2.1 Roles and a real self 43 2.2.2 Human relations psychology 45 2.3 Feminist poststructuralism 49 2.3.1 Language 50 2.3.2 Discourse 51 2.3.3 Power and Gender 55 2.3.4 Essentialism 57 2.3.5 Difference and deconstruction: Derrida, Cixous and Kristeva 58 2.4 Politics and feminist poststructuralism
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging Subjects: Gender and Power in African Contexts, Amina
    African Sociological Review, 5,(2),2001 pp.00-00. ADDRESS Challenging Subjects: Gender and Power in African Contexts Plenary Address, Nordic Africa Institute Conference: ‘Beyond Identity: Rethinking Power in Africa’, Upsala, October 4-7th 2001 Amina Mama African Gender Institute University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa “What is certain is that ‘normality’ cannot be separated from the hierarchization of identities. The great hegemonic, rational, political-philosophical mechanisms are precisely what fabricate normality, with the consent of the group concerned” (Etienne Balibar 1998: 777) There is no word for ‘identity’ in any of the African languages with which I can claim any degree of familiarity. Perhaps there is good reason for this. In English the word ‘identity’ implies a singular, individual subject with clear ego boundaries. In Africa, if I were to generalise, ask a person who he or she is and his and a name will quickly be followed by a qualifier, a communal term that will indicate ethnic or clan origins (See Omoregbe 1999:6). To this day, African bureaucracies use forms which require the applicant (for a passport, a driving license, to gain to access to public education, housing or health services) to specify ‘tribe’. The idea of identity is an interesting one to most Africans, largely because it has remained so vexed. We seem to be constantly seeking the integrity and unity that the notion implies, without succeeding in securing it, or coming to terms with it. We are being asked to think ‘beyond identity’, when for many of us, identity remains a quest, something in-the-making.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Thinking With and Through the Concept of Coalition: On What Feminists Can Teach Us about Doing Political Theory, Theorizing Subjectivity, and Organizing Politically Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j2180w2 Author Taylor, Alice Elizabeth Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Thinking With and Through the Concept of Coalition: On What Feminists Can Teach Us about Doing Political Theory, Theorizing Subjectivity, and Organizing Politically A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Alice Elizabeth Taylor 2015 © Copyright by Alice Elizabeth Taylor 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Thinking With and Through the Concept of Coalition: On What Feminists Can Teach Us about Doing Political Theory, Theorizing Subjectivity, and Organizing Politically by Alice Elizabeth Taylor Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Carole Pateman, Chair Despite the extensive attention political scientists have given to predicting decision-making patterns within parliamentary coalitional governments or voting outcomes of legislative and policy coalitions within congressional systems, the literature largely neglects social justice activist coalitions that form outside the formal governing bodies of the state and at the hands of political activists who are often invested in contesting formal institutions. While a narrow set of political theorists have turned attention to theorizing extra-governmental coalitions such as these, scholarship here is beset by a false crisis that effectively obscures the high-stakes politics (the arrangements of power) that situate coalitions across intractable race, class, gender, sexuality and ethnicity divides.
    [Show full text]
  • Adeyemi, Sola. 2007. Agony, Antigone and the Dialectics of Resistance in African Performance
    Adeyemi, Sola. 2007. Agony, Antigone and the Dialectics of Resistance in African Performance. African Performance Review, pp. 25-37. ISSN 1750-4848 [Article] https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/29538/ The version presented here may differ from the published, performed or presented work. Please go to the persistent GRO record above for more information. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Goldsmiths, University of London via the following email address: [email protected]. The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. For more information, please contact the GRO team: [email protected] 1 AGONY, ANTIGONE AND THE DIALECTICS OF RESISTANCE IN AFRICAN PERFORMANCE by Solá Adéyemí, School of English, University of Leeds, Leeds Imperialism as a policy by a country or an entity seeks to impose authority over another after territorial, political or economic conquest. Imperialists, like all empire builders, always believe in the justification of their actions for positive good. On the cultural level, imperial power assumes an inherent superiority over the conquered culture leading to what Edward Said has described as cultural imperialism. Said’s work itself is largely informed by Michel Foucault's concept of power as the more or less unilateral force with a potential to bring about significant change in individuals or the society through influencing actions. My use of imperialism in this essay is instructive. It refers to the political impositions by foreign powers at the level social and economic development, and to the level of cultural policy-making that governed the actions of administrators during the colonial period.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Sexuality in West African Literature and Film
    Copyright by Naminata Diabate 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Naminata Diabate Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Genital Power: Female Sexuality in West African Literature and Film Committee: Lisa L. Moore, Co-Supervisor Neville W. Hoad, Co-Supervisor Barbara Harlow Hélène Tissières Jennifer M. Wilks Matt U. Richardson Genital Power: Female Sexuality in West African Literature and Film by Naminata Diabate, Maîtrise; M. A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 Dedication For all the women in Côte d’Ivoire and the United States who have taught me the values of hard work and female solidarity. For Dr. Lisa L. Moore: If I am just a distant echo of what you are, I will be the best! For my all formal and informal teachers, with gratitude Acknowledgements The completion of this dissertation gives me the opportunity to thank the many professors and mentors to whom I owe much gratitude. First, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Lisa L. Moore without whose academic rigor and spiritual guidance this dissertation would not have been possible. I also would like to acknowledge Dr. Neville W. Hoad, whose insightful questions and comments, shared with humor, pushed me toward challenging theoretical terrains. Special thanks go to the distinguished faculty members who served on my dissertation committee: Professors Barbara Harlow, Hélène Tissières, Jennifer M. Wilks, and Matt Richardson.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond the Frontiers: Feminist Activism in the 'Global' Academy
    Amina Mama: Beyond the Frontiers: Feminist Activism in the ‘Global’ Academy Beyond the Frontiers: Feminist Activism in the ‘Global’ Academy Elsa Leo-Rhynie Symposium and 15th Anniversary celebration, CGDS, Mona, Jamaica, November 2008 Amina Mama Barbara Lee Distinguished Chair in Women's Leadership Mills College, Oakland, California Now Professor of Women and Gender Studies University of California, Davis 35 www.sta.uwi.edu/crgs/index.asp UWI IGDS CRGS Issue 9 ISSN 1995-1108 Keywords: feminist activism, feminist studies, black feminism, post-colonialism, race and gender studies, gender and higher education, Africa How to cite Mama, Amina. 2015. “Beyond the Frontiers: Feminist Activism in the ‘Global’ Academy.” Caribbean Review of Gender Studies issue 9, 35–48. 36 Amina Mama: Beyond the Frontiers: Feminist Activism in the ‘Global’ Academy Introduction The Caribbean and Africa today share the challenges of being post-colonial contexts in the era of globalization. In some ways this merely reflects the long and durable historical relationship between the peoples of Africa and the African diaspora – as manifest in creative, activist and scholarly communities. Many leading postcolonial theorists from the Caribbean region visited and contributed significantly to Africa’s liberation – Walter Rodney, Frantz Fanon, and George Padmore are among the best known. Even Che Guevara spent time in the Democratic Republic of the Congo before his ill-fated Bolivian journey. I am not sure if Elsa Leo Rhynie had any direct contact with Africa, but her work on gender in higher education has been useful. Other Caribbean feminists have direct involvement with Africa. Dr Peggy Antrobus has visited and contributed to the region many times, and close to hand, Professor Rhoda Reddock is well known to African feminists, and has recently spent a sabbatical at the African Gender Institute working on the pan-African connections of earlier feminists (Reddock 2014).
    [Show full text]