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Thiago Alves Torres UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS E HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA MESTRADO EM HISTÓRIA Thiago Alves Torres A ATUAÇÃO DE DOM JOSÉ IVO LORSCHEITER DURANTE A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985) Santa Maria, RS 2017 Thiago Alves Torres A ATUAÇÃO DE DOM JOSÉ IVO LORSCHEITER DURANTE A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985) Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós- Graduação em História, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM,RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em História. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Marta Rosa Borin Santa Maria, RS 2017 Ficha catalográfica elaborada através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Central da UFSM, com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Alves Torres, Thiago A ATUAÇÃO DE DOM JOSÉ IVO LORSCHEITER DURANTE A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985) / Thiago Alves Torres.- 2017. 189 p.; 30 cm Orientador: Marta Rosa Borin Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, RS, 2017 1. Religião 2. Ditadura Civil-Militar 3. Dom José Ivo Lorscheiter I. Rosa Borin, Marta II. Título. AGRADECIMENTOS Sempre é tempo e oportunidade de agradecer! Agradeço ao mistério criador, Deus Pai-Mãe, que me chamou à vida, presenteou-me com uma família, amigos, colegas de trabalho e alunos, que no cotidiano, por meio das alegrias e adversidades, contribuem para que eu possa amadurecer e desafiar-me a “Ser Mais”! - Aos meus familiares próximos: avós maternos: Adão (in memrian) e Eva; pais, Daniel e Neuza; irmãos, Daiane, Tatiele, Dayely e Matheus; e sobrinhos Emanuelly, Maria Eduarda, Daniély, Gabryell, Fabyélly, Emanuell e Isabelly Um agradecimento especial às professoras Drª. Marta Rosa Borin, minha orientadora, e Dr.ª Glaucia Vieira Ramos Konrad, coorientadora, pelos anos de companheirismo, paciência e dedicação na condução da minha pesquisa. Também agradeço à Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, e à Coordenação e Corpo Docente do Programa de Pós-graduação em História – PPGH, pela amizade, provocações e inquietações acadêmicas, pelo incentivo e críticas que possibilitaram a concretização da investigação que ora se apresenta. Agradeço à CAPES pela dispensa de bolsa de estudo que, pelo período de um ano, possibilitou a compra de livros e facilitou a realização de viagens para que fontes fossem obtidas para a estruturação desta dissertação. Ao mesmo tempo, ficarei na torcida para que os futuros governantes da Nação reconheçam a importância da pesquisa acadêmica e não deixem de dispensar os recursos necessários para que novos pesquisadores possam apresentar novas contribuições teóricas à sociedade. Estendo um abraço de agradecimento aos colegas que ingressaram comigo no Mestrado em História, no primeiro semestre de 2015, e que, ao longo de dois anos, compartilharam suas investigações, inquietações, temores e alegrias e, certamente, já são importantes historiadores pelas pesquisas desenvolvidas e/ou em desenvolvimento. Às redes municipais de ensino de Caçapava do Sul e Júlio de Castilhos, por meio de seus gestores, agradeço pela redução de minha carga horária profissional que, sem sombra de dúvidas, possibilitaram minha frequência às aulas, participação de eventos acadêmicos e visitas a arquivos. Igualmente, agradeço às equipes gestoras, colegas professores e estudantes das escolas municipais Augusto Vitor Costa e Nossa Senhora das Graças, ambas em Caçapava do Sul, RS, e Élio Salles, em Júlio de Castilhos, RS, pelo incentivo, paciência e contribuições para que eu pudesse cursar e concluir curso de mestrado em história. Também sinto o dever de agradecer aos colegas educadores do Movimento Brasileiro de Educadores Cristãos – MOBREC, pelos anos de companheirismo. Tenham certeza de que se tive coragem em ingressar em um curso de mestrado, foi devido ao incentivo de cada um de vocês. À Paróquia da Catedral Metropolitana de Santa Maria, comunidade onde vivo e amadureço minha fé, particularmente o amigo padre Antonio Bonini, e aos amigos do Grupo de Jovens da Catedral, gente bonita e inteligente, que sempre foram presença e motivação: muito obrigado! “[...] E disse-lhes Jesus: Entendestes todas estas coisas? Disseram-lhe eles: Sim, Senhor. E Ele disse-lhes: Por isso, todo o escriba instruído acerca do Reino dos Céus é semelhante a um pai de família, que tira de seu tesouro coisas novas e velhas”. (Mateus 13, 51-52) RESUMO A ATUAÇÃO DE DOM JOSÉ IVO LORSCHEITER DURANTE A DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985) AUTOR: Thiago Alves Torres ORIENTADORA: Marta Rosa Borin COORIENTADORA: Glaucia Vieira Ramos Konrad Este trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca da atuação do bispo católico dom José Ivo Lorscheiter durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985). Por meio deste, busca-se ressaltar o protagonismo assumido pelo religioso na defesa dos direitos humanos. A pesquisa parte de uma recuperação bibliográfica sobre a presença da Igreja católica no Brasil, a partir da Proclamação da República, influenciada pelos encaminhamentos do Concílio Vaticano I (1869-1870). Em seguida, procuramos apresentar a manifestação do Magistério eclesiástico e a repercussão do mesmo para a formação religiosa de José Ivo Lorscheiter, o qual manifestou por meio de sua Tese de Doutorado, defendida na Universidade Gregoriana, em Roma. Em seguida, realizamos uma contextualização historiográfica acerca de dois eventos eclesiásticos que influenciaram a prática pastoral e a trajetória do prelado investigado, a saber, o Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II (1962-1965), que possibilitou que a Igreja católica se atualizasse frente às mudanças teóricas e estruturais do novo século; e a II Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-americano, realizada em Medellín, na Colômbia (1968), que procurou atualizar as conclusões Conciliares para a realidade da América Latina, continente que estava sofrendo com diversos modelos autoritários, e que exigia da Igreja católica uma postura voltada à defesa dos direitos humanos. Além disso, a segunda metade do século XX foi marcada por um golpe civil-militar no Brasil, que resultou em vinte e um anos de uma ditadura civil-militar, e que contou com o apoio de setores empresarias, militares e eclesiásticos. Por fim, aprofundamos nossa investigação acerca da atuação do prelado após assumir cargos de destaque nacional e internacional, junto à Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), primeiramente como secretário geral e, posteriormente, como presidente da entidade, em ambas as situações, por dois mandatos consecutivos. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram abordados referenciais teóricos pertinentes a ditadura civil-militar brasileira e a participação da Igreja católica no pré-golpe civil-militar e, posteriormente, na ditadura civil-militar. Entendemos que a temática exige novas pesquisas, pois o protagonismo de dom José Ivo Lorscheiter ainda foi pouco pesquisado na historiografia eclesiástica contemporânea. Palavras-chave: Religião. Ditadura Civil-Militar. Dom José Ivo Lorscheiter. ABSTRACT THE PERFORMANCE OF DOM JOSÉ IVO LORSCHEITER DURING THE BRAZILIAN CIVIL-MILITARY DICTATORSHIP (1964-1985) AUTHOR: Thiago Alves Torres ADVISOR: Marta Rosa Borin CO-ADVISOR: Glaucia Vieira Ramos Konrad This work presents a study about the performance of the Catholic bishop Dom José Ivo Lorscheiter during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). Through this, it is searched to emphasize the protagonism assumed by the religious in the defense of human rights. The research is based on a bibliographical data of the presence of the Catholic Church in Brazil, starting with the Proclamation of the Republic and with the historiographical contextualization of two ecclesiastical events that influenced the pastoral practice and the trajectory of Dom José Ivo Lorscheiter, the Vatican Ecumenical Council II, held in Vatican (1962-1965), and the Second General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, held in Medellín, in Colombia (1968), events that provoked theoretical and structural changes for the Church in Latin America, and demand from the Catholic Church a position focused on the defense of human rights. Our investigation is centered on the role of the prelate after assuming prominent positions at the Brazilian National Bishops' Conference (CNBB), first as general secretary, and then as president of the organization in both situations for two consecutive terms when we inquire about the position of the prelate in the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship and the participation of the Catholic Church in the civil-military pre-coup and, later, in the civil-military dictatorship. With the help of Michel Foucault, we can say that the political discourse adopted by the religious is a consequence of his first pastoral and then social practice. Together with the CNBB, he had to make himself present and express himself as a result of situations that affected laymen and clerics, regarding the violation of human rights. To do so, we search subsidies in newspaper sources, magazines and documents deposited in archives. In addition, by appropriating the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu, we seek to understand the ideological function of religions. In our investigation, we focused on analysis in Catholicism, which sought, especially in the period before the Second Vatican Council, to absolutize dogmas and impose principles that became unquestionable and opposed to temporal changes, and which were defended by members of the Church's leadership
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