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P0093-P0103.Pdf May, 1910 NOTES ON THE NORTHWESTERN CROSSBILL, 93 these lines are a few tear shaped dots of black. In all these sets there is a resem- blance to eggs of the Orchard Oriole. In several eggs there is a faint flush of sub- dued purplish stain. The flight is swift and strong, accomplisht with quick beating of the wings, there being a peculiar, pent-up energy in their movements. They will start from a perch with an almost bullet-like swiftness. Their sociable nature is markt. They even feed together during the nesting season, there seemingly being no ill will among them. The scattered breeding colonies extend far into the wilderness. The past season I located three colonies which were nesting, and they did not vary in the time chosen nor in the selection of a nesting site; always in wild, mountain places, and the nests well hidden in the high branches of-pine trees. The nest-building began about the 10th of July and finisht about the 20th. In their late nesting they resemble the goldfinch which postpones the nesting duties until July and August. One might believe that this was simply a second nesting, but the large flocks do not break up until late in June, no young birds can be found until late in summer, there are no young birds in the summer colo- nies where they nest, and that they do not settle to work until July, has been my observation. I have worn out more than one pair of “mountain” shoes looking for February and March nests in ithis country, but have learned to stay away dur- ing that portion of the year. Another peculiarity of the Crossbill is its propensity for changing its place of abode. Where they are abundant one season they may be entirely wanting the next. While my climber was at one of the nests the mother bird tried a number of times to come back onto her eggs, even venturing within two feet of him. The male came very close also. There were several pairs near about, which did not scold as many birds do, but seemed almost stupid. The birds of this region seem to be quite constant in size and in the brighter coloration, being larger than the eastern race and of brighter plumage. Adult males are bright enough to pass as “red birds”, by which name they are known. AS we came from the place when the twilight glow was fading and dim shadows shrouded the mountain world, we could hear the gentle twittering from the nests far above us. MISCEI,I,ANEOUS BIRD NOTES FROM THE LOWER RIO GRANDE By AUSTIN PAUL SMITH HIRTY years can bring as many changes in a bird community as into one composed of men. You can have an instance of this by perusing the pub- T lisht observations of Merrill or Sennett, appearing approximately that num- ber of years ago-and then visiting the lower Rio Grande Valley. Today you will find it necessary to make some careful search to locate the Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula maccalli) near BrownsviIle, while it would be hopeless to expect to discover a Wild Turkey (Meleagris gaZZo$ava intermedia), cn- a Fulvous Tree-duck (Den- &ocygfLa f&a>. However it should’ be balm for regret, to realize that while these several species have gone, or are disappearing from the Valleys’ avifauna, at least a corresponding number of forms, have appeared. To this latter class belongs the Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail ( CaZZiPepZa squumafa castanogastris) that now roams within a few miles of town. Along with this instance could be cited the 94 THE CONDOR VOL. XII cases of several small birds that I will not take the time to specify. Cultivation is, of course, the prime cause of this transformation. Most of the heavy brush for many miles up, and the few miles that are wooded, down the river, has been re- moved, to make way for cultivated fields, that are quite a net work of irrigating canals. Hundreds of settlers have come into the Valley of late, to take up these lands, generally with mistaken ideas of a very new country, and liberally provided with guns. Of course they were more or less disappointed, tho it has (or did have) as great a variety of feathered game as any part of the United States. Unfortu- nately, this very condition may lead to a partial extermination of many species, for many of the settlers have an idea that the number of ducks, plover, quail, etc., is so unlimited that no closed season is necessary. So the game laws are liberally interpreted-and as laxly enforced. Nearing the Gulf Coast, going eastward from Brownsville, one approaches an open country comprising sand-dunes, and inundated flats, the latter caused by the seasonal overflow from the river. These swampy areas are the homes of many species of water-birds during the entire year; but especially so in winter when myriads of ducks, geese, herons, plovers and sandpipers resort to it. Near the mouth of the Rio Grande, along the coast, is a little fishing-village named Point _ Isabel, peopled principally by Mexicans. It is the terminus of a railroad from Brownsville, being twenty-six miles distant therefrom. I made this coast hamlet my headquarters for several months during the fall of 1908, and on several occas- ions, for brief periods since then. I do not care to put au estimate on the number of species of birds that could be found at one season or another within the territory I have just referred to, tho I imagine it could produce a list greater than most Californian localities. Rather, I will in hap-hazard manner proceed to speak briefly of the characteristic species of the Vallev; also of some of the more interesting migrants. I believe, well I am sure-that the bird I wanted to find most of all, was the one, that as yet, I have failed to meet within our borders. It is the Jacana (Jacanu s$inosa). Many a time I have discovered a spot suitable to its requirements along the river, but no Jacana appeared. So I conclude, that we can only include it on our lists as a casual summer visitor; for I know of but one taken here during the past two seasons. This example was secured along the river, half way to the coast by an old Mexican gunner, who had never shot a bird like it previously, in the many years he had hunted here. He brought the bird to the city, and soldit’ to a local merchant who had it mounted. I examined this bird in the flesh, and re- corded the date of its capture-June 2, 1908. After the Jacana, it was the Chachalaca that reigned in my thoughts-and I had better fortune in this case, meeting it possibly a month after my arrival. Working thru some heavy brush one cloudy day, I was startled by a prodigious flapping of wing, accompanied by chuckling, turkey-like notes, all issuing from above. I,o, behold!-sitting not fifteen feet over my head, in a patriarchal ebony tree, were ten or more of as stupid looking aves as ever I gazed upon. My pres- ence had caused this commotion, but no flight was resorted to, until I had shot into the flock. AS already stated, the Chachalaca is no longer a common bird near here; and one may ride the country roads for many an evening, before its nocturnal notes sound in the ear. It it now seldom brought into market in numbers for sale, as was the case at the time Dr. Merrill wrote. The few that we do find for barter are live birds, mostly having been hatcht under a domestic hen-that being the fate of the eggs of any nest of the kind discovered here. Indeed, there must be more domesticated Chachalacas, varying in degrees of intermixture, than wild May, 1910 MISCELI,ANEOUS BIRD NOTES FROM THE LOWER RIO GRANDE 9.5 ones, in the Valley today. It is a mystery what the inducements are for their domestication. I would prefer Mudhen at any time as food. The farmyard fowl and Chachalaca interbreed freely, at least in the first instance, and the resultant hybrids surprise one by their variety. The Chachalaca keeps close to brush most of the time. A favorite location is heavy growth surrounding a resaca (old river- bed ponds) where water can be found easily. The muddy edge of the resaca usu- ally yields ample proof of the past presence of the birds in the countless imprints of feet. Old residents claim that the cold wave of 1898 had something to do with the present scarcity of the Chachalaca. On that fated day in February, when the temperature fell to 11 degrees above zero, and snow covered the ground for the entire day, thousands of Chachalacas perished, along with unnumbered other wild and domesticated animals. The Bobwhite of the region (Co&us virginianus texanus) is common thruout the Valley, even entering the city limits when the bottoms are flooded; but it is not sought after as game to the extent that the pigeons and doves are. Six species of Columbae are represented, and their great abundance is subject for comment. Immense flocks of Mourning Doves (Zenaidura marrow-a carolinensis) arrive from the north, in late fall, to winter. The Ground Dove ( ChamcP$eZia $asserina pal- Zescens), and the White-winged Dove (MeZopeZia asiatica) also winter in greater or less abundance. But the White-fronted Dove (Leptootila fulviventris 6rac/zyp- tera) appears to be absent during the months of November, December and January.
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