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<4 Note: (i) the use of white lettering on a dark background and black lettering on a light background; (ii) the self-contained scale bar; (iii) no figure number supplied (it was added by the Society’s artist). Indexes to Volume 343

Author index Gates, S. See Blackburn et al. Gibson, W.G. See Bennett et al. Agnisola, C., Venzi, R., Houlihan, D.F. & Tota, B. Coronary flow- Goldfarb, L.G., Brown, P., Cervenakova, L. & Gajdusek, D.C. pressure relationship in the working isolated fish heart: trout Genetic analysis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related (Oncorhynchus my kiss) versus torpedo ( Torpedo marmorata), 189 disorders, 379 Aguet, M. See Weissmann et al. Greenwood, J.J.D, See Blackburn et al. Ahlberg, P.E., Luksevics, E. & Lebedev, O. The first tetrapod finds Groth, D. See Baldwin et al. from the Devonian (Upper Famennian) of Latvia, 303 Groth, D. See DeArmond et al. Alexander, S. See Roughgarden et al. Hanski, I. Spatial scale, patchiness and population dynamics on Baldwin, M.A., Pan, K.-M., Nguyen, J., Huang, Z., Groth, D., land, 19 Serban, A., Gasset, M., Mehlhorn, I., Fletterick, R.J., Cohen, Harlow, A.J. See Barbur et al. F.E. & Prusiner, S.B. Spectroscopic characterization of confor Henderson, E.W. See Steele, J.H. mational differences between PrPc and PrPSc: an a-helix to (3- Houlihan, D.F. See Agnisola et al. sheet transition, 435 Huang, Z. See Baldwin et al. Barbur, J.L., Harlow, A.J. & Weiskrantz, L. Spatial and temporal response properties of residual vision in a case of hemianopia, Kahana, E. See Gabizon et al. 157 Kahana, I. See Gabizon et al. Barkmann, W. See Woods, J. Kellings, K., Prusiner, S.B. & Riesner, D. Nucleic acids in prion Basson, M. See Beddington, J.R. preparations: unspecific background or essential component?, Beddington, J.R. & Basson, M. The limits to exploitation on land 425 and sea, 87 Kitamoto, T. & Tateishi, J. Human prion diseases with variant Bennett, M.R., Gibson, W.G. & Robinson, J. Dynamics of the CA3 prion protein, 391 pyramidal neuron autoassociative memory network in the Knight, D.P. See Feng, D. hippocampus, 167 Bessen, R.A. See Marsh, R.F. Lawton, J.H. See Blackburn et al. Blackburn, T.M. & Lawton, J.H. Population abundance and body Lawton, J.H. See Blackburn, T.M. size in animal assemblages, 33 Lebedev, O. See Ahlberg et al. Blackburn, T.M., Gates, S., Lawton, J.H. & Greenwood, J.J.D. Levin, S.A. Patchiness in marine and terrestrial systems: from Relations between body size, abundance and taxonomy of individuals to populations, 99 birds wintering in Britain and Ireland, 135 Levin, S.A. See Durrett, R. Brown, P. See Goldfarb et al. Luksevics, E. See Ahlberg et al. Bruce, M., Chree, A., McConnell, I., Foster, J., Pearson, G. & Fraser, H. Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Mangel, M. Spatial patterning in resource exploitation and conser and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier, vation, 93 405 Marsh, R.F. & Bessen, R.A. Physicochemical and biological Bueler, H. See Weissmann et al. characterizations of distinct strains of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent, 413 Carlson, G.A., DeArmond, S.J., Torchia, M., Westaway, D. & May, R.M. Biological diversity: differences between land and sea, Prusiner, S.B. Genetics of prion diseases and prion diversity in 105 mice, 363 McConnell, I. See Bruce et al. Caughey, B. Scrapie-associated PrP accumulation and agent repli McGlade, J.M. See Rand et al. cation: effects of sulphated glycosaminoglycan analogues, 399 McMahon, S.B. See Wall, P.D. Cayetano-Canlas, J. See DeArmond et al. Mehlhorn, I. See Baldwin et al. Cervenakova, L. See Goldfarb et al. Meiner, Z. See Gabizon et al. Chree, A. see Bruce et al. Cohen, F.E. See Baldwin et al. Nguyen, J. See Baldwin et al. Cohen, J.E. Marine and continental food webs: three paradoxes?, Nichols, D. Reproductive seasonality in the comatulid crinoid 57 Antedon bifida (Pennant) from the English Channel, 113 Collinge, J. & Palmer, M.S. Molecular genetics of human prion diseases, 371 Oesch, B. Characterization of PrP binding proteins, 443 Cruickshank, A.R.I. Cranial anatomy of the Lower Jurassic Okubo, A. See Powell, T.M. pliosaur Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus (Stutchbury) (Reptilia: Ott, J. See Gabizon et al. Plesiosauria), 247 Palmer, M.S. See Collinge, J. DeArmond, S.J. See Carlson et al. Pan, K.-M. See Baldwin et al. DeArmond, S.J., Yang, S.L., Cayetano-Canlas, J., Groth, D. & Pearson, G. See Bruce et al. Prusiner, S.B. The neuropathological phenotype in transgenic Pennington, T. See Roughgarden et al. mice expressing different prion protein constructs, 415 Pope, J.G., Shepherd, J.G. & Webb, J. Successful surf-riding on size Durrett, R. & Levin, S.A. Stochastic spatial models: a user’s guide to ecological applications, 329 spectra: the secret of survival in the sea, 41 Powell, T.M. & Okubo, A. Turbulence, diffusion and patchiness in Fenchel, T. Microbial ecology on land and sea, 51 the sea, 11 Feng, D. & Knight, D.P. Structure and formation of the egg Prusiner, S.B. Molecular biology and genetics of prion diseases, 447 capsule tendrils in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, 285 Prusiner, S.B. See Baldwin et al. Fischer, M. See Weissmann et al. Prusiner, S.B. See Carlson et al. Fletterick, R.J. See Baldwin et al. Prusiner, S.B. See DeArmond et al. Foster, J. See Bruce et al. Prusiner, S.B. See Gabizon et al. Fraser, H. See Bruce et al. Prusiner, S.B. See Kellings et al.

Gabizon, R., Rosenman, H., Meiner, Z., Kahana, I., Kahana, E., Rand, D.A., Wilson, H.B. & McGlade, J.M. Dynamics and Shugart, Y. & Ott, J. & Prusiner S.B. Mutation in codon 200 evolution: evolutionarily stable attractors, invasion exponents and polymorphism in codon 129 of the prion protein gene in and phenotype dynamics, 261 Libyan Jews with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 385 Rapoport, E.H. Remarks on marine and continental biogeography: Gajdusek, D.C. See Goldfarb et al. an areographical viewpoint, 71 Gasset, M. See Baldwin et al. Riesner, D. See Kellings et al.

467 468 Indexes to Volume 343

Robinson, J. See Bennett et al. Vane, J.R. The Croonian Lecture 1993. The endothelium: maestro Rosenman, H. See Gabizon et al. of the blood circulation, 225 Roughgarden, J., Pennington, T. & Alexander, S. Dynamics of the Venzi, R. See Agnisola et al. rocky intertidal zone with remarks on generalization in ecology, 79 Wall, P.D. & McMahon, S.B. Long range afferents in rat spinal cord. III. Failure of impulse transmission in axons and relief of Sailer, A. See Weissmann et al. the failure after rhizotomy of dorsal roots, 211 Serban, A. See Baldwin et al. Webb, J. See Pope et al. Shepherd, J.G. See Pope et al. Weiskrantz, L. See Barbur et al. Shugart, Y. See Gabizon et al. Weissmann, C., Biieler, H., Fischer, M., Sailer, A. & Aguet, M. Srinivasan, M.V., Zhang, S.W. & Witney, K. Visual discrimination Susceptibility to scrapie in mice is dependent on PrP0, 431 of pattern orientation by honeybees: performance and implica Westaway, D. See Carlson et al. tions for ‘cortical’ processing, 199 Wilesmith, J.W. An epidemiologist’s view of bovine spongiform Srygley, R.B. Locomotor mimicry in butterflies? The association of encephalopathy, 357 positions of centres of mass among groups of mimetic, unprofi Wilson, H.B. See Rand et al. table prey, 145 Witney, K. See Srinivasan et al. Steele, J.H. & Henderson, E.W. Coupling between physical and Woods, J. & Barkmann, W. Simulating plankton ecosystems by the biological scales, 5 Lagrangian Ensemble method, 27

Tateishi, J. See Ki tamo to, T. Yang, S.L. See DeArmond et al. Torchia, M. See Carlson et al. Tota, B. See Agnisola et al. Zhang, S.W. See Srinivasan et al. Indexes to Volume 343 469

Subject index abundance, 33, 135 genetics, 363 prion purification, 425 aggregation model, 19 geographical ranges, 71 prion structure, 425 Alzheimer disease, 413 glycosaminoglycans, 399 PRNP gene mutations, 379 amyloid, 435, 447 gonad development, 113 probabilistic secretion, 167 animal assemblages, 33 grouping, 99 progressive recall, 167 aquatic microbes, 51 prostacyclin, 225 harvesting, 87 protein conformation, 435, 447 bacteria, 51 heart, 189 ‘protein only’ hypothesis, 431 bays, 71 heterogeneity, 99 protozoa, 51 bee, 199 Hettangian, 247 PrP, 405, 431, 443 biological diversity, 105 human prion diseases, 371 PrP binding protein, 443 biomass, 57 PrP gene mutations, 447 biosynthesis of PrP, 399 incidence function, 19 PrP gene, 385 blindsight vision, 157 individual behaviour, 93 PrP neuromyopathy, 415 body morphology, 145 informational molecule, 405 body size, 33, 57, 135 infrared spectroscopy, 435 British birds, 135 insect, 199 recognition, 199 return refocusing electrophoresis, 425 b s e , 357 interacting particle models, 99 interacting particle systems, 329 canaliculi, 285 invasion exponent, 261 sacrificial gonads, 113 carbon cycle, 57 isolates, 363 scale, 5 GAT-scanning, 247 scattered light, 157 CA3 neural network, 167 krill, 93 scrapie, 363, 399, 415, 431, 447 centre of mass, 145 seasonal changes, 41 coexistence, 19 Lagrangian Ensemble, 27 secondary structure, 435 coiling, 285 laminae, 285 Sine gene, 405 collagen, 285 learning dynamics, 261 size spectrum, 41 comparative analysis, 145 ligand blot, 443 spatial models, 329 comparative anatomy, 303 spatial pattern, 329 Congo red, 399 marine, ecosystem, 5, 41 spatially explicit model, 19 contact processes, 329 memory, 199 spatiotemporal responses, 157 coronaries, 189 memory storage, 167 species diversity, 57 coronary resistance, 189 metapopulation dynamics, 19 species richness, 71 cortex, 199 mice, 363 spinal cord, 211 cosmopolitanism, 71 microbial diversity, 51 spiral, 285 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 371, 379, 385 microbial ecology, 51 spontaneous prion disorder, 415 crinoid evolution, 113 mid-brain projections, 157 stock recruitment, 87 cyclooxygenase, 225 movement behaviour, 19 strain characteristics, 405 movement, 93 strain selection, 405 differential selective pressure, 261 mutation, 385 strains, 363, 413 diversity, 99, 105 strategies, 41 dorsal roots, 211 nerve impulse transmission, 211 structure, 93 net primary productivity, 57 subcortical pathways, 157 echinoderm reproductive cycles, 113 nitric oxide, 225 sucrose gradient, 443 ecological competition, 329 non-plaque type, 391 survival, 41 ecological models, 329 nucleic acid analysis, 425 sustainable yield, 87 ecosystem, plankton, 27 swarming, 99 ecosystem, 5, 79 open systems, 79 systematics, 303 elasmobranch, 189 endothelin, 225 palaeontology, 303 endothelium-derived relaxing factor, 225 particle-to-infectivity ratio, 425 taxonomy, 135, 247 endotoxaemia, 225 patchiness, 99 teleost, 189 epidemiology, 357 peninsulas, 71 terrestrial, ecosystem, 5 evolution, 303 pest infestations, 93 terrestrial mammals, 87 evolutionarily stable attractors, 261 phenotype dynamics, 261 terrestrial microbes, 51 evolutionary dynamics, 261 phylogeny, 303 therapeutic strategies, 399 extinction rates, 105 plankton ecology, 27 transgenic mice, 363, 415, 447 extrusion, 285 plaque type, 391 transmissible mink encephalopathy, 413 Plesiosauria, 247 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, fitness, 93 pliosaur, 247 379 flight, 145 polymorphisms, 391 transmission between species, 405 food chain length, 57 predation of crinoids, 113 food-borne infection, 357 predation, 145 ventricular non-uniformity, 189 functional morphology, 247 primary afferents, 211 vertebrates, 303 functional specialization, 157 prion disease, 379, 435 vision, 199 prion propagation, 371 gametogenesis in crinoids, 113 prion protein, 371, 391, 399, 413, 415, 435, generalization, 79 443, 447 wing morphology, 145

End of the three hundred and forty-third volume (Series B) Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society of London

Series B Biological Sciences

VOLUME 343 1994

Published by THE ROYAL SOCIETY 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG ISSN 0962-8436

Except as otherwise permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In particular, the Society permits the making of a single photocopy of an article from this issue (under Sections 29 and 38 of the Act) for an individual for the purposes of research or private study.

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Typeset and printed at Alden Press Limited, Oxford and Northampton, Great Britain Contents

Series B Volume 343

No. 1303 29 January 1994 Generalizing across marine and terrestrial ecology A Discussion organized and edited by J. R. Beddington, D. H. Cushing, R. M. M ay and J . H. Steele 1

No. 1304 29 January 1994 Reproductive seasonality in the comatulid crinoid Antedonbifida (Pennant) from the English Channel By D. N ichols 113 Relations between body size, abundance and taxonomy of birds wintering in Britain and Ireland By T im M . B l a c k b u r n , S imon G a tes, J ohn H . L aw to n and J eremy J . D. G r eenw o od 135 Locomotor mimicry in butterflies? The associations of positions of centres of mass among groups of mimetic, unprofitable prey By R o bert B. S ryg ley 145 Spatial and temporal response properties of residual vision in a case of hemianopia By J . L. B a r b u r , A. J . H ar lo w and L. W eiskrantz 157 Dynamics of the GA3 pyramidal neuron autoassociative memory network in the hippocampus By M . R . B e n n e t t , W . G. G ibson and J . R obinson 167 Coronary flow-pressure relationship in the working isolated fish heart: trout ( my kiss) versus torpedo ( Torpedomarmorata) By C laudio A g nisola, R ita V e n z i, D ominic F. H o ulihan and B runo T ota 189 Visual discrimination of pattern orientation by honeybees: performance and implications for ‘cortical’ processing By M . V. S rin iv a so n , S. W . Z hang and K . W itney 199 Long range afferents in rat spinal cord. III. Failure of impulse transmission in axons and relief of the failure after rhizotomy of dorsal roots By P. D. W all and S. B. M cM ahon 211 The Croonian Lecture, 1993. The endothelium: maestro of the blood circulation ByJ. R. V ane 225

No. 1305 28 February 1994 Cranial anatomy of the Lower Jurassic pliosaur Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus (Stutchbury) (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) By A rth ur R . I. C ruickshank 247 Dynamics and evolution: evolutionarily stable attractors, invasion exponents and phenotype dynamics By D . A. R a n d , H. B. W ilson and J. M. M cG lade 261 Structure and formation of the egg capsule tendrils in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula By D. F e n g and D. P. K n ig h t 285 The first tetrapod finds from the Devonian (Upper Famennian) of Latvia By P er E rik A h lber g , E rvins L uksevi6 s and O leg L ebedev 303 Stochastic spatial models: a user’s guide to ecological applications By R ichard D urrett and Simon L evin 329

No. 1306 29 M arch 1994 Molecular biology of prion diseases A Discussion organized and edited by J. C o l l in g e and C. W eissm a n n 351 Instruction to authors 465 Indexes 467 FUTURE PAPERS IN PROCEEDINGS SERIES B

Proceedings: series B publishes original papers in all aspects of the biological sciences, including those of an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary nature. Papers up to 4000 words long are welcomed, particularly announcements of important new developments in biology. Reviews containing original and interesting ideas, and criticisms of papers already published, are also invited. Papers will be published rapidly (normally within three months of receipt). Future issues of the journal will include the papers listed below. E. Michael, B.T. Grenfell & D.A.P. Bundy The association between infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis S. Budaraju, W.E. Stewart & W.P. Porter Prediction of forced ventilation in animal fur from a measured pressure distribution D.-E. Nilsson & S. Pelger A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye to evolve H.F. Stanley, M. Kadwell & J.C. Wheeler Molecular evolution of the family Camelidae - a mitochrondrial DNA study P.H. Williams, C.J. Humphries & K.J. Gaston Centres of seed-plant diversity: the family way M.R. Evans, T.L.F. Martins & M. Haley The asymmetrical cost of tail elongation in red-billed streamertails D.E. MacHugh, R.T. Loftus, D.G. Bradley, P.M. Sharp & P. Cunningham Microsatellite DNA variation within and among European cattle breeds C.M. Lively & S.G. Johnson Brooding and the evolution of parthenogenesis: strategy models and evidence from aquatic invertebrates H. Fritz & P. Duncan On the carrying capacity for large ungulates of African savanna ecosystems A.E. Houde Effect of artificial selection on male colour patterns on mating preference of female guppies F. Gotmark Does a novel bright colour patch increase or decrease predation? Red wings reduce predation risk in European blackbirds J. Komdeur The effect of kinship on helping in the cooperative breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis) L.R. Brannan, C.M.R. Turner & R.S. Phillips Malaria parasites undergo antigenic variation at high rates in vivo TO BE PUBLISHED IN PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS SERIES B

Philosophical Transactions: series B publishes original papers in all aspects of the biological sciences, including clinical science. Papers up to 25 000 words long are welcomed, particularly those of an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary nature. Longer papers and reviews are also invited; authors intending to submit these should consult with the Editor at an early stage in preparation. Papers will be published rapidly (normally within six months of receipt).

The May issue of the journal will include the papers listed below.

E.J. Denton & D.M. Rowe Reflective communication between fish, with special reference to the greater sand eel, Hyperoplus lanceolatus

J.W. Essex, M.M. Harm & W.G. Richards Molecular dynamics simulation of a hydrated phospholipid bilayer

A. Packard & M. Wurtz An octopus, Ocythoe, with a swimbladder and triple jets

E.N. Arnold Do ecological analogues assemble their common features in the same order? An investigation of regularities in evolution, using sand-dwelling lizards as examples

A.P.F. Flint, G.E. Lamming, H.J. Stewart & D.R.E. Abayasekara The role of the endometrial oxytocin receptor in determining the length of the sterile oestrous cycle and ensuring maintenance of luteal function in early pregnancy in ruminants

I.M. Hastings Selfish DNA as a method of pest control

The proceedings of the Royal Society's Discussion Meeting on Mathematical and statistical aspects of DNA and protein sequence analysis will be published in the June issue. THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences

Series B Volume 343 Number 1306 29 March 1994 CONTENTS

Molecular biology of prion diseases A Discussion organized and edited by J. Collinge and C. Weissmann

J. W. W ilesmith pages 357-361 An epidemiologist’s view of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

G. A. Carlson, S. J. D eA rmond, M. Torchia, D. Westaway & S. B. Prusiner 363-369 Genetics of prion diseases and prion diversity in mice

J. Collinge & M. S. Palmer 371-378 Molecular genetics of human prion diseases

L. G. Goldfarb, P. Brown, L. Cervenakova & D. C. G ajdusek 379-384 Genetic analysis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and related disorders

R. G abizon, H. Rosenman, Z. Meiner, I. K ahana, E. K ahana, Y. Shugart, J. Ott & S. B. Prusiner 385-390 Mutation in codon 200 and polymorphism in codon 129 of the prion protein gene in Libyan Jews with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

T. K itamoto & J. Tateishi 391-398 Human prion diseases with variant prion protein

B. Caughey 399-404 Scrapie-associated PrP accumulation and agent replication: effects of sulphated glycosaminoglycan analogues

M. Bruce, A. Chree, I. M cConnell, J. Foster, G. Pearson & H. Fraser 405-411 Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice: strain variation and the species barrier

R. F. M arsh & R. A. Bessen 413-414 Physicochemical and biological characterizations of distinct strains of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent

S. J. D eA rmond, S. L. Y ang, J. Cayetano-Canlas, D. G roth & S. B. Prusiner 415-423 The neuropathological phenotype in transgenic mice expressing different prion protein constructs

K. Kellings, S. B. Prusiner & D. Riesner 425-430 Nucleic acids in prion preparations: unspecific background or essential component?

C. Weissmann, H. Bueler, M. Fischer, A. Sailer & M. A guet 431-433 Susceptibility to scrapie in mice is dependent on PrPc

M. A. Baldwin, K.-M. Pan, J. N guyen, Z. H uang, D. Groth, A. Serban, M. G asset, I. Mehlhorn, R. J. F letterick, F. E. Cohen & S. B. Prusiner 435-441 Spectroscopic characterization of conformational differences between PrPc and PrPSc: an a-helix to (3-sheet transition

B. Oesch 443-445 Characterization of PrP binding proteins

S. B. Prusiner 447-463 Molecular biology and genetics of prion diseases Instructions to authors 465-466 Indexes 467-469 * * *

Volume Title Page and Contents

Published by the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG Printed in Great Britain for the Royal Society by The Alden Press, Oxford