Tabulation of Published Data on Soviet Electron Devices Through October 1967
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Ronnie Earl for a Blackface Vibroverb Today? Surely Something North of $4,000
Mountainview Publishing, LLC INSIDE the The Truth… Rarely given, we know it when we hear it, and you The Player’s Guide to Ultimate Tone TM can only get it here… $15.00 US, December 2013/Vol.15 NO.2 Report The Kansas Tornado… Another immensely tone- Truth ful classic amp that went unclaimed “Three chords and the truth – that’s what a country song is.” – Willie Nelson Size matters… Pressure is being asked point-blank which guitar, amplifier or pickup to buy. This happens frequent- The Warehouse ly enough that we have learned to pose probing personal questions in search of an answer… Well, G15A Alnico what do you think you might want and why? We don’t always know what we want until we want it, Big Fifteen and we still couldn’t always tell you why. Sometimes the things that last seem to materialize out of no where with little forethought or insight, as if we were meant to have them, and that’s the truth. 4 Richard Goodsell and the evolution of the Goodsell Super 17 Our review of the Super 17 Mark IV 10 The Goodsell overdrive 10 John McGuire Guitars Our interview with John McGuire & review of the McGuire Tradition 14 The Eastwood Jupiter Pro… We also must confess that we don’t always understand what motivates guitar players when it Simply cool comes to choosing amplifiers today. This is nothing new – most of the amps we own are immensely in every way toneful classic keepers that were ignored by potential buyers due to stripped or recovered original cabinets or a replaced transformer. -
Vacuum Tube Theory, a Basics Tutorial – Page 1
Vacuum Tube Theory, a Basics Tutorial – Page 1 Vacuum Tubes or Thermionic Valves come in many forms including the Diode, Triode, Tetrode, Pentode, Heptode and many more. These tubes have been manufactured by the millions in years gone by and even today the basic technology finds applications in today's electronics scene. It was the vacuum tube that first opened the way to what we know as electronics today, enabling first rectifiers and then active devices to be made and used. Although Vacuum Tube technology may appear to be dated in the highly semiconductor orientated electronics industry, many Vacuum Tubes are still used today in applications ranging from vintage wireless sets to high power radio transmitters. Until recently the most widely used thermionic device was the Cathode Ray Tube that was still manufactured by the million for use in television sets, computer monitors, oscilloscopes and a variety of other electronic equipment. Concept of thermionic emission Thermionic basics The simplest form of vacuum tube is the Diode. It is ideal to use this as the first building block for explanations of the technology. It consists of two electrodes - a Cathode and an Anode held within an evacuated glass bulb, connections being made to them through the glass envelope. If a Cathode is heated, it is found that electrons from the Cathode become increasingly active and as the temperature increases they can actually leave the Cathode and enter the surrounding space. When an electron leaves the Cathode it leaves behind a positive charge, equal but opposite to that of the electron. In fact there are many millions of electrons leaving the Cathode. -
The EL34 Power Tube HI-'I
The EL34 Power Tube HI-'I .... o.l"r A lp Musical Evaluations of a Classic Design .... A_I . 4.551 Single. Ended EL·84 Stereo Amp ~ _ .... ,���\� . -""" ".. - ...-., p.,.��",-, �. 1""""' -�,�.. � . oPf' ' ".".. ._ '" "'� .,_ "'�•• '" "'� ...- ' ,t\1".' ,w ' � "'\)U'�..,. ,\ 1\ ' ��-;---""\.\. ",.-" " ".,... "", ""�_ " tt"�" ,....-" ...........,...1"'" '�" ""t\1 _,.,.""" ....'" 'r·\ �'� . � ......,. �,,,. � ,..' ",...., \PJOl8'i .... �,�oPf',.,....;:.. O\ �,cl\ ., .... " , � ...,,.. AA �r- . · :::- ,,<,<, ,. ..""'"':k ...0'\1. � ':;: "",;: .. .._ " r ,...,.. _ "" " .-;.,,...""".... ",.... ......,.,.,,, -;;. ,... :;..,� _ """;.... -� . 0 """ " . ,,..,. ,t" ,,'" <""" , .-_,.;.;.''' � .. '''''''-o<f' _ ....;;; .,;::; , -- '" " ,.,...,.. "" .'" ::, ,t"� ��. ...,.,..,.;.;."1"" ''/'''' � _.� "" f"'� . � ' M'''" ' "- """",,; ,.of .,.,..� .. ...,. ' "' 1" '". '_1"""' . .. " ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,_ f"""";""';..::: .,... " '�,;;.;:' ' ......,,..,..,. _-:: -__':1oPf' ::;;'", --''''"", ""","" ", ' �':::', � ' ""r; """"-"' .''''''''�}.. ,t\1 \ �·, � ot ,;: "" � ,.,. ---� , _.at" � t\JV" �� � 'i"'f'- " .::... .. .... �. , ,�,....,.' .....;. _ ...-:> ".... JC8'I\\ -, \�..- WOl\ """,.""''1"'"- �""'" � '-,�� 6<1\"""- ' ""'..,... � ...... � 6U'." �. - ,t\1 , . _ , "'" 1J>b\"� ��, oPf''' .,..-._ " "" .0. " ..... ���_���\t"�'".. ' ....... "" "",",. N ��:L [\l\'J � ��i y< • D T 0 • , 5 P A G • A N D N D u 5 T • y N • w 5 Beware of FakeNOS Tubes! CE Distribution US Distributor for Electronic Tubes VTV Issue # 1 6 JJ Over the last year or so, we have JJ Electronic, -
Basic Electronics
14 Basic Electronics In this chapter, we lead you through a study of the basics of electronics. After completing the chapter, you should be able to Understand the physical structure of semiconductors. Understand the essence of the diode function. Understand the operation of diodes. Realize the applications of diodes and their use in the design of rectifiers. Understand the physical operation of bipolar junction transistors. Realize the applications of bipolar junction transistors. Understand the physical operation of field-effect transistors. Realize the application of field-effect transistors. Perform rapid analysis of transistor circuits. REFERENCES 1. Giorgio Rizzoni, Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, McGraw Hill, 2003. 2. J. R. Cogdel, Foundations of Electronics, Prentice Hall, 1999. 3. Donald A., Neaman, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, McGraw Hill, 2001. 4. Sedra/Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford, 1998. 1 Basic Electronics 2 14.1 INTRODUCTION Electronics is one of the most important fields in existence today. It has greatly influenced everything since early 1900s. Everyone nowadays realize the impact of electronics on our daily life. Table 14-1 shows many important areas with tremendous impact of electronics. Table 14-1 Various Application Areas of Electronics Area Examples of Applications Automotives Electronic ignition system, antiskid braking system, automatic suspension adjustment, performance optimization. Aerospace Airplane controls, spacecrafts, space missiles. Telecommunications Radio, television, telephones, mobile and cellular communications, satellite communications, military communications. Computers Personal computers, mainframe computers, supercomputers, calculators, microprocessors. Instrumentation Measurement equipment such as meters and oscilloscopes, medical equipment such as MRI, X- ray machines, etc. Microelectronics Microelectronic circuits, microelectromechanical systems. Power electronics Converters, Radar Air traffic control, security systems, military systems, police traffic radars. -
The Beginner's Handbook of Amateur Radio
FM_Laster 9/25/01 12:46 PM Page i THE BEGINNER’S HANDBOOK OF AMATEUR RADIO This page intentionally left blank. FM_Laster 9/25/01 12:46 PM Page iii THE BEGINNER’S HANDBOOK OF AMATEUR RADIO Clay Laster, W5ZPV FOURTH EDITION McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto McGraw-Hill abc Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as per- mitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-139550-4 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-136187-1. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trade- marked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringe- ment of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. -
Operation, Tetrode, Pentode in the Single-Ended, Class-A
10-76 10. Guitar Amplifiers 10.5.1 Single-ended (class A)-operation, tetrode, pentode In the single-ended, class-A power-stage, one (single) power-tube operates in common- cathode configuration with the output transformer being part of the plate circuit (transformer- coupling). Without AC-drive (“quiescent state”), a stable balance appears – it is called the operating point (OPP). The characteristics shown in Fig. 10.5.2 yield an OPP at 250 V and 48 mA, if a voltage of -7.5 V between (control) grid (g1) and cathode is chosen. This can be done e.g. by using a cathode-resistor of 142 Ω. The cathode-current (the sum of the 48-mA- plate-current and the 5-mA-screen-grid-current) will then generate a positive cathode-voltage of + 7.5 V (relative to ground). With the control-grid at ground-potential (Ug1 = 0) a control- grid-to-cathode-voltage of -7.5 V results (i.e. the control grid is negative vs. the cathode). Fig. 10.5.2: Output characteristics of the EL84, power-stage circuit (single-ended class-A operation). AP = OPP As a drive signal appears (Ug1 ≠ 0), plate-voltage and –current change. As a first approach, it will be sufficient to consider the transformer in the plate-circuit as a large inductance connected in parallel with an ohmic resistor (Chapter 10.6). In this model we have only pure DC flowing through the inductance, and only pure AC flowing through the resistor. With a drive-signal present, the Ua/Ia-point will move along the load-line given in Fig. -
1999-2017 INDEX This Index Covers Tube Collector Through August 2017, the TCA "Data Cache" DVD- ROM Set, and the TCA Special Publications: No
1999-2017 INDEX This index covers Tube Collector through August 2017, the TCA "Data Cache" DVD- ROM set, and the TCA Special Publications: No. 1 Manhattan College Vacuum Tube Museum - List of Displays .........................1999 No. 2 Triodes in Radar: The Early VHF Era ...............................................................2000 No. 3 Auction Results ....................................................................................................2001 No. 4 A Tribute to George Clark, with audio CD ........................................................2002 No. 5 J. B. Johnson and the 224A CRT.........................................................................2003 No. 6 McCandless and the Audion, with audio CD......................................................2003 No. 7 AWA Tube Collector Group Fact Sheet, Vols. 1-6 ...........................................2004 No. 8 Vacuum Tubes in Telephone Work.....................................................................2004 No. 9 Origins of the Vacuum Tube, with audio CD.....................................................2005 No. 10 Early Tube Development at GE...........................................................................2005 No. 11 Thermionic Miscellany.........................................................................................2006 No. 12 RCA Master Tube Sales Plan, 1950....................................................................2006 No. 13 GE Tungar Bulb Data Manual................................................................. -
ECE 340 Lecture 22 : Space Charge at a Junction
ECE 340 Lecture 22 : Space Charge at a Junction Class Outline: •Space Charge Region Things you should know when you leave… Key Questions • What is the space charge region? • What are the important quantities? • How are the important quantities related to one another? • How would bias change my analysis? M.J. Gilbert ECE 340 – Lecture 22 10/12/11 Space Charge Region To gain a qualitative understanding of the solution for the electrostatic variables we need Poisson’s equation: Most times a simple closed form solution will not be possible, so we need an approximation from which we can derive other relations. Consider the following… Doping profile is known •To obtain the electric field and potential we need to integrate. •However, we don’t know the electron and hole concentrations as a function of x. •Electron and hole concentrations are a function of the potential which we do not know until we solve Poisson’s equation. Use the depletion approximation… M.J. Gilbert ECE 340 – Lecture 22 10/12/11 Space Charge Region What does the depletion approximation tell us… 1. The carrier concentrations are assumed to be negligible compared to the net doping concentrations in the junction region. 2. The charge density outside the depletion region is taken to be identically zero. Poisson equation becomes… Must xp = xn? M.J. Gilbert ECE 340 – Lecture 22 10/12/11 Space Charge Region We are already well aware of the formation of the space charge region… The space charge region is characterized by: Na < Nd •Electrons and holes moving across the junction. -
Varian Mw 3 % H
ORNL/Sub-75/49438/2 BP n ^TfFl varian mw 3 % h NOTICE PORTIONS OF TV'!? HFTL0'' SHE M.I.HGIB'.E. IF lT~~rvnrT;irri*"rr?.--p. tf.3 iwaito'jia 1 co1;;/ -o psrrnii the broadest possible avail- ability. FINAL REPORT MILLIMETER WAVE STUDY PROGRAM u by H.R. JORY, E.L. LIEN and R.S. SYMONS ft, 0 {I Order No. Y-12 11Y-49438V j November 1975 report prepared by Varian Associates Palo Alto Microwave Tube Division 611 Hansen Way o Palo Alto, California 94303 under subcontract number 11Y-49438V ; for ' ' r>4 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY * ° Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the nrsTKIUUTiON 01? 'ijl;.;?!---''--^-'.^-^''' UNLLMIT DEPARTMENTS ENERGY FINAL REPORT MILLIMETER WAVE STUDY PROGRAM by H. R. Jory, E. L Lien and R, S. Symons - NOTICE- Urn report Mas piepated as an account, of worl; sponsored by die Untied Stales Government. Neither Die United State* not the United States Pepastment of l.nergy, tiar any of1 their employees, nnr any of then contractors. subcontractor or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability oi responsibility for tlie accuracy, completeness of usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclovd. or represents that its use would not mUmfe pnvately owned npjits. Order No, Y-12UY-49438V November 1975 « 0 " report prepared by Varian Associates Palo Alto Microwave Tube Division 611 Hansen Way Palo Alto, California 94303 K< under subcontract number 11Y-49438V for OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak.RitJge-J'ennessee 37830 c.-..operatedjby U N 10N CARBiDE^G0RP0RATI0N, o <J>c l . -
The Electron Volt
ApPENDIX A The Electron Volt Before we discuss the electron volt (e V) let us go over the following phe nomenon without the use of that unit. When a potential difference exists between two points, and a charged particle is in that field, a force is exerted on this particle by the electric field. An example of this is the beam of electrons in a TV picture tube. Each electron in this beam is accelerated by the force exerted on it by the electric field. As it is accelerated its kinetic energy is increased until it is maximum just prior to striking the screen at the front of the picture tube. When it strikes the front of the picture tube this energy must be conserved so the kinetic energy is converted into the form of electromagnetic energy or x rays. One problem is to find a description of the emitted x-ray photon. Let us assume that the accelerating voltage in the TV picture tube was 20 kV. Without the use of the electron volt as a unit the following units would be required in this calculation: 1. The charge on an electron (q) = 1.602 x 10- 19 coulomb. 2. Planck's constant (h) = 6.547 x 10-27 erg-second. 3. One angstrom (A) = 1 x 10- 10 meter (used to measure the wavelength of light). 4. The velocity of light (C) = 3 x 1010 cm/s. The force on an electron, due to the presence of an electric field, can be ex pressed as qE, where q is the charge on an electron and E is the potential differ ence, in volts, between the two points, divided by the distance between the two points, in meters. -
Push - Pull Audiophile - Output (1608-1650 "A" Series)
Push - Pull Audiophile - Output (1608-1650 "A" Series) PUSH - PULL "EASY HOOK-UP" "CLASSIC" TUBE TYPE - ULTRA-LINEAR OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS • NEW & Improved version of our 1608-1650 series output transformers (re-designed secondaries for easy hook- up of secondary loads) • Designed for push-pull tube output circuits. o • Enclosed (shielded), 4 slot, above chassis Type "X" mounting. • Frequency response 30 Hz. to 30 Khz. at full rated power (+/- 1 db max. - ref. 1 Khz) minimum. Except the Audi 1650E (70 Hz. to 30 Khz. +/- 1 db max. - ref. 1 Khz.) be • Insulated flexible leads 8" min. • All units (except the 1650G) include 40% screen taps for Ultra-Linear operation (if desired). Tu • Typical applications - Push-Pull: triode, Ultra-Linear pentode, and tetrode connected audio output. The 1650G does NOT have primary screen taps and will not support "Ultra-Linear" applications. Audio Dimensions (Inches) Part Primary Max. DC Secondary Wt. Watts E G Number Impedance Per Side Impedance A B C D Lbs. (RMS) +/- 1/16” Slot 1608A 10 8,000 C.T. 100 ma. 4-8-16 2.50 2.75 3.06 2.00 1.69 .203 x .38 2.5 1609A 10 10,000 C.T. 100 ma. 4-8-16 2.50 2.75 3.06 2.00 1.69 .203 x .38 2.5 1615A 15 5,000 C.T. 100 ma. 4-8-16 2.50 3.25 3.06 2.00 2.19 .203 x .38 3.25 1650E 15 8,000 C.T. 100 ma. 4-8-16 2.50 3.25 3.06 2.00 2.50 .203 x .38 3.5 1620A 20 6,600 C.T. -
Bias-Easy 1200™ Bias Tester Instructions
Bias-Easy 1200™ Bias Tester Instructions 1. Turn off your amp, and allow to cool down. The Bias-Easy 1200™ is primarily for amplifiers using four 8-pin power tubes with a bias adjustment potentiometer available inside or on the chassis underside or back panel of the amp. 2. Remove one of the power tubes (6L6, EL34, 5881, 6550, 6V6, KT66, KT77, etc) 3. Insert a Bias-Easy™ probe into the power tube socket, making sure to line up the key on the probe post with the key in the center hole of the socket. Repeat for the second, third and fourth power tubes with each of the remaining probes. If your amp only has two power tubes, we suggest using the A and B probes. The C and D probes may be unplugged from the Bias-Easy™ in that case. 4. Insert each tube you removed into each socket of the Bias-Easy™. Make sure the key on the tube base is properly lined up with the key on the center hole of the socket. All power tube(s) must be in place in their sockets during testing. 5. Make certain that a speaker is connected to the amp. If this is an amp head, connect a cable between the speaker jack and the speaker cabinet. 6. Make sure all bias probes to be used in the testing are connected to the jacks at the top of the Bias-Easy™. Connect the power supply cord to the jack on the bottom of the Bias-Easy™, and connect the USB connector on the cord to the power supply.