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The Referendum in FW De Klerk's War of Manoeuvre
The referendum in F.W. de Klerk’s war of manoeuvre: An historical institutionalist account of the 1992 referendum. Gary Sussman. London School of Economics and Political Science. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government and International History, 2003 UMI Number: U615725 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615725 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T h e s e s . F 35 SS . Library British Library of Political and Economic Science Abstract: This study presents an original effort to explain referendum use through political science institutionalism and contributes to both the comparative referendum and institutionalist literatures, and to the political history of South Africa. Its source materials are numerous archival collections, newspapers and over 40 personal interviews. This study addresses two questions relating to F.W. de Klerk's use of the referendum mechanism in 1992. The first is why he used the mechanism, highlighting its role in the context of the early stages of his quest for a managed transition. -
Weerstand Teen Huisvesting Van Swart Studente Deur Die Potchefstroomse Universiteit Vir CHO, 1987 Tot 1990 N.S
Weerstand teen huisvesting van swart studente deur die Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir CHO, 1987 tot 1990 N.S. (Fanie) Jansen van Rensburg N.S. (Fanie) Jansen van Rensburg, Fokusarea vir Sosiale Transformasie, Noordwes-Universiteit (Potchefstroomkampus) Opsomming Die Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys (hierna PU, of die universiteit) het in 1984 swart studente tot na-uurse studie toegelaat en in 1988 was daar ’n vraag of sommige van hierdie studente se prestasies, wat nie na verwagting was nie, daarmee verband gehou het dat hulle nie in die koshuise op die kampus kon woon nie. Toe swart studente later ook voltyds by hierdie instelling kon studeer, was daar aansienlike druk van binne en buite die universiteit, van individue en instansies (soos Jeugkrag-Potchefstroom en die Senaat), wat wou sien dat daar oopstelling van koshuise vir swart studente kom. Die algemene kritiek van hierdie voorstanders vir oopstelling was gemik teen die diskriminerende aard en uitgediendheid van die segregasiepraktyke op die kampus, veral as in ag geneem word dat die instelling ’n uitgesproke Christelike karakter gehad het. Die Raad het egter in sy proses van besluitneming vae argumente aangevoer in sy weiering van oopstelling. Die Bestuur van die universiteit het die Raad pligsgetrou bygestaan deur met vaaghede, ontkennings en verplasings van betekenis die aksie van die voorkoming van die oopstelling aan die gang te hou. Die Raad het nie net geweier om bestaande koshuise oop te stel nie, maar het ook later met teësin alternatiewe planne beraam. Daarom het die universiteit baie laat in die geskiedenis van die oopstelling van koshuise op Suid-Afrikaanse kampusse bloot vermeld dat koshuise wel vir alle “bevolkingsgroepe” oop is, terwyl hulle toe weer eens verwys het na wat die “karakter” van die universiteit is, net soos by sy vroeëre weiering tot oopstelling. -
An Open Letter to the Vice President of ANC, an Open Letter to the Vice President of ANC, Cyril Ramaphosa Cyril Ramaphosa
An open letter to The Vice President of ANC, Cyril Ramaphosa Dear Sir, Having recently personally purchased for R18 million a buffal o bull, I know you are someone who cares about our wildlife and heritage. My problem is this, in September 2011, I implored the President, Jacob Zuma to treat the invasion of Mozambicans who are killing our rhino as an invasion of our country. I feel the President, like President Ian Khama of Botswana, should be at the forefront of this rhino crisis. As from my attached letter, you will see that the war is intensifying into the private game reserves. In desperation, I have written a letter to the Minister of Defense, but I have had no response. I find the ANC Government aloof and non-communicative with its citizens. Can you urge the Minister of Defense to commit troops to crush this poaching once and for all. Could you as Vice President of ANC, take this crisis into your own hands and play the role that President Ian Khama is playing. This involves appearing on TV, motivating and inspiring us who are trying to combat the poaching. We desperately need leadership! The fire that you displayed when you were leading the unions against the big mining companies during apartheid, is needed now! Please reply to [email protected] Cell number: 083 6511 600 Tread Lightly on the Earth John Varty Co-owner of Londolozi Game Reserve Founder of Tiger Canyons This letter is copied to the following: 1) President of South Africa --- Jacob Zuma --- [email protected] 2) Min Defence and Military Veterans --- Ms Nosiviwe Noluthando -
European Parliament
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 2004 2009 Delegation for relations with South Africa 13th EP / South Africa Interparliamentary Meeting 23-27 February 2009 Port Elisabeth, Cape Town DRAFT REPORT A. Introduction The 13th IPM took place in pre-electoral period for both the South African and the European Parliament. This was indeed a special moment for South African political life: just before the fourth national elections since the end of apartheid, after a particularly important political crisis which has led to the resignation of President Mbeki and the creation of a new party by dissidents from the ANC, the Congress of the People (COPE). This was also an important moment for EU-South African relations after the first EU-South Africa Summit held in Bordeaux in July 2008 and a few weeks after the troika meeting in Kleinmond, on 16 January 2009. The visit a week earlier of the then newly appointed Commissioner for Trade Catherine Ashton greatly helped to reach a better understanding on the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). Both the internal challenges of South Africa and the global challenges that Europe and South Africa face together were at the heart of most of the meetings. Amongst the global challenges the necessity of a common response to climate change was strongly highlighted. Besides the IMP meeting, many field visits allowed the delegation to better understand the manifold social and economic agenda of South Africa: the fight against poverty and the rehabilitation of townships; the fight against HIV/Aids; and economic development. The situation in neighbouring Zimbabwe was also high on the agenda, as the EP delegation arrived a few days after the inauguration of the “power-sharing government”. -
1 Coming to Terms with the Past and the Present
COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST AND THE PRESENT: AFRIKANER EXPERIENCE OF AND REACTION TO THE “NEW” SOUTH AFRICA WESSEL VISSER UNIVERSITY OF STELLENBOSCH, SOUTH AFRICA Seminar lecture presented at the Centre of African Studies, University of Copenhagen, 30 September 2004 Introduction I would like to begin this lecture by referring to the keynote address of the renowned Afrikaans historian, Hermann Giliomee, on the occasion of the Biennial Conference of the South African Historical Association celebrating the centenary of the History Department at the University of Stellenbosch in April 2004. In 2003 Giliomee published his seminal study on the history of the Afrikaners, entitled The Afrikaners. Biography of a People. In his Stellenbosch keynote address Giliomee, in reference to the historian C. Vann Woodward, who hailed from the American South, stated that “history has also happened to Afrikaners recently”. According to Giliomee, they discovered that their power was fragile and transient. Even while they possessed the strongest army on the African continent, they had to relinquish power because they had clung to it too long rather than sharing and distributing it. Instead of planning for a transfer of power, they thought that South Africa could never be governed without them. While still in power Afrikaners sought their security in plans and projects (apartheid) that would render the realization of real security impossible. Once they relinquished power, they discovered that they were being treated like King Lear figures. Because they were now powerless, they were ridiculed and disdained even by those who had praised them while they were still in power. -
Hier Steht Später Die Headline
S SOUTH AFRICA:COUNTRY PROFILE Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation February 2014 ww.kas.de/Südafrika Contents 1. General Information: Republic of South Africa ......................................................................................... 2 2. Most important events in the South African history .................................................................................. 3 3. The political System of South Africa ....................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Executive power .............................................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Legislative power ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.3 Judicial Power ................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Economy .......................................................................................................................................... 10 5. Society and development status .......................................................................................................... 13 6. List of references ............................................................................................................................... 17 1. General Information: Republic of South Africa1 State and Politics Form of government (Federal) republic Governance Parliamentary democracy -
People Making Biodiversity Work C.A.P.E
SANBI Biodiversity Series 4 (2006) people making biodiversity work C.A.P.E. Table Mountain Fund Signatory Partners SANBI Biodiversity Series 4 Fynbos Fynmense: people making biodiversity work Ally Ashwell Trevor Sandwith Mandy Barnett Asiza Parker Fumanekile Wisani Pretoria 2006 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI is to be the leading institution in biodiversity science in Africa, facilitating conservation, sustainable use of living resources, and human well-being. SANBI’s mission is to promote the sustainable use, conservation, appreciation and enjoyment of the exceptionally rich biodiversity of South Africa, for the benefit of all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by or executed in partnership with SANBI. Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication ASHWELL, A., SANDWITH, T., BARNETT, M., PARKER, A. & WISANI, F. 2006. Fynbos Fynmense: people making biodiversity work. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 4. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN 1-919976-29-9 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. -
Parliament & Climate Change
PARLIAMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE The South African Case – Research Paper Richard Calland & Judith February1 Introduction & Institutional Basics “Never before have our actions and our opportunities had so significant an impact on our world. Our choices today affect not only our own lives and those of our children, but also have direct consequences for the very shape of our planet. Weather patterns change when we act. Oceans rise, mountains crumble, deserts expand and whole species cease to be. Change is no longer felt only over the course of generations or limited to certain locations – it is noticeable, global and immediate2.” These were the words with which the then Minister of the Environment, addressed the South African National Assembly in 2005. Yet despite the words Parliament has been, to all intents and purposes, a bystander in the climate change debate. Without a carbon constraint South Africa cannot continue, economically, politically or environmentally along its current trajectory. South Africa has enjoyed many years of benefiting from cheaper coal based electricity. However, in doing so it has become Africa‟s leading greenhouse gas contributor and one of the most energy-inefficient countries in the world3. Despite the fact that the sustainability question remains one of the greatest inter-related challenges South Africa faces, parliament‟s role has been far from self-evident. This paper explores the following questions: How has parliament engaged with the issue and what interaction has occurred between Parliament and the relevant -
A Game of Horns
INTERNATIONAL MAX PLANCK RESEARCH SCHOOL on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy Köln, Germany Annette Michaela Hübschle A Game of Horns Transnational Flows of Rhino Horn Studies on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy Annette Michaela Hübschle A Game of Horns Transnational Flows of Rhino Horn © Annette Michaela Hübschle, 2016 Published by IMPRS-SPCE International Max Planck Research School on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy, Cologne http://imprs.mpifg.de ISBN: I978-3-946416-12-8 DOI: 10.17617/2.2218357 Studies on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy are published online on http://imprs.mpifg.de. Go to Dissertation Series. Studies on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy Abstract A multi-sectorial regime of protection including international treaties, conservation and security measures, demand reduction campaigns and quasi-military interventions has been established to protect rhinos. Despite these efforts, the poaching of rhinos and trafficking of rhino horn continue unabated. This dissertation asks why the illegal market in rhinocer- os horn is so resilient in spite of the myriad measures employed to disrupt it. A theoretical approach grounded in the sociology of markets is applied to explain the structure and functioning of the illegal market. The project follows flows of rhino horn from the source in southern Africa to illegal markets in Southeast Asia. The multi-sited ethnography includ- ed participant observations, interviews and focus groups with 416 informants during four- teen months of fieldwork. The sample comprised of, amongst others, convicted and active rhino poachers, smugglers and kingpins, private rhino breeders and hunting outfitters, Afri- can and Asian law enforcement officials, as well as affected local communities and Asian consumers. -
Afrikaners in the New South Africa: 12
CHAPTER TITLE i REBECCA DAVIES is Senior Lecturer in the Department of International Relations at Plymouth University where she teaches African politics. She holds a DPhil from the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa where she remains a visiting fellow at the Centre for Comparative and International Politics. She has taught at universities in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY OF AFRICAN STUDIES 1. Military in the Making of Modern South 14. Apartheid South Africa and African Africa – Annette Seegers States: From Pariah to Middle Power, 978 1 85043 689 8 1961–1994 – Roger Pfister 2. The Diplomacy of Liberation: 978 1 85043 625 6 The Foreign Relations of the ANC 15. A History of the Left in South Africa: Since 1960 – Scott Thomas Writings of Baruch Hirson 978 1 85043 993 6 Baruch Hirson 3. A History of East Africa, 1592–1902 978 1 85043 454 2 R. W. Beachey 16. An African Trading Empire: The Story 978 1 85043 994 3 of Susman Brothers & Wulfsohn, 1901–2005 4. The Nigerian Military and the State Hugh Macmillan Jimmy Peters 978 1 85043 853 3 978 1 85043 874 8 17. The Place of Tears: The Novel 5. Adjusting Society: The World Bank, and Politics in Modern Zimbabwe the IMF and Ghana Ranka Primorac Lynne Brydon & Karen Legge 978 1 84511 120 5 978 1 86064 000 1 18. Mineworkers in Zambia: Labour and 6. The Horn of Africa: Politics and Political Change in Post-Colonial Africa International Relations Miles Larmer Peter Woodward 978 1 84511 299 8 978 1 85043 741 3 19. -
Tourism 20 Years Into Democracy: Plugging Into Africa's Growth
Tourism75164 - Daily News Mastheads.indd 2 20 years into democracy:2014/04/08 9:55 PM plugging into Africa’s growth “In the life of a nation, 20 years are but a few steps South African Tourism Chief Executive Officer Thulani on a much longer journey. However, when those 20 Nzima said myths around the destination abound and “A modernised and years mark the birth and growth of a new democracy, visitors to South Africa continue to be amazed by what Pan-African Indaba they are immensely important, as they determine the country has to offer. is a pivot to take the direction the nation takes,” said the South African tourism to the next “The latest addition to South African Tourism’s Meet Minister of Tourism Marthinus van Schalkwyk at the level” – Marthinus South Africa campaign, Reconsider South Africa, cuts opening ceremony of the Tourism Indaba yesterday. van Schalkwyk. straight to heart of this. “As we meet here as Africans, we recognise that we “It challenges these myths and negates them with have to resolve outstanding challenges in travel powerful endorsements from real people who came facilitation. I am convinced that 20 years from now, to South Africa as sceptics but left in love with our history books telling the story of tourism on our people, beauty, infrastructure and hospitality,” said continent will describe how a modernised and truly Nzima before sharing the Reconsider South Africa Pan-African Indaba has been one of those pivots that advert with the audience. helped us to take tourism to the next level on our continent. -
Government Communication and Information
33 Pocket Guide to South Africa 2008/09 GOVERNMENT of the injustices of the country’s non-democratic past. of theinjusticescountry’s mined –that werecarriedoutwithanacuteawareness negotiations –difficultbutdeter- detailed andinclusive Constitutionwastheresultofremarkably Africa’s South Pocket Guide to South Africa 2008/09 GOVERNMENT The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. No other law or government action may supersede its provisions. The Preamble to the Constitution states that its aims are to: sHEALTHEDIVISIONSOFTHEPASTANDESTABLISHASOCIETYBASEDON democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights sIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFLIFEOFALLCITIZENSANDFREETHEPOTENTIAL of each person sLAYTHEFOUNDATIONSFORADEMOCRATICANDOPENSOCIETYINWHICH GOVERNMENTISBASEDONTHEWILLOFTHEPEOPLEANDEVERYCITIZEN ISEQUALLYPROTECTEDBYLAW sBUILDAUNITEDANDDEMOCRATIC3OUTH!FRICAABLETOTAKEITSRIGHT- ful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations. Government Government consists of national, provincial and local spheres. The powers of the legislature, executive and courts are separate. Parliament Parliament consists of the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). Parliamentary sittings are open to the public. Several measures have been implemented to make Parliament more accessible and accountable. The National Assembly consists of no fewer than 350 and no more than 400 members, elected through a system of proportional representa- tion for a five-year term. It elects the President and scrutinises the executive. National Council of Provinces The NCOP consists of 54 permanent members and 36 special delegates, and aims to represent provincial interests in the national sphere of government. The Presidency The President is the head of state and leads the Cabinet. He or she is elected by the National Assembly from among its members, and leads the country in the interest of national unity, in accord- ance with the Constitution and the law.