(JPMNT) Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International Vol. 1, No.3, 2013.

ТHE TREASURE OF THE ETHNO - SOCIAL AND CULTURAL – HISTORICAL TOURISTIC MOTIVES IN THE SHAR – POLOG REGION

PhD Jagoda Jankovska, Assistant Professor, jjankovska@уahoo.com.mk

Abstract: Macedonia is a country rich in inanthropogenic elements that provide the natural and cultural heritage, which makes it basis for tourism development is well known all extremely interesting as a tourist destination. There over the world. Particularly rich, and is almost no place that is not marked by cultural characteristics and natural beauty. All this makes insufficientlyexplored, is Sara-Polog region. In Macedonia a unique touristic place. In the terms of tourist offer, the characteristicsand abundance of cultural diversity, Sara-Polog region attributes that set apartSara-Polog region offers an amazing mix of ethno-social, cultural and fromothers, have been studiedin a very historical motifs that are not sufficiently studied, but fewpapers. can very easily contribute to greater tourism development in Macedonia. We aremorethancertainthat there is The main aim of this Paper is to identify adistinctscientific and а socialneedforfurther and describe the cultural, historical andethno-social studying of this touristregion in order to make values of Sara-Polog Region, as a precondition for realistictouristvalorizationofitsanthropogenicele tourismdevelopment not only in the region, but in ments. By exposing the Macedonia as well. anthropologicalpeculiaritiesofthisregion, we The research was done using the precise scientific methodology, especially: analysis and want topresentan unusuallygreatpotentialof synthesis, and the genetic-evolutionary, the Sara – Pologregionformoreintensiveeconomic historical and the comparative method. development. Therefore in addition to its The research done led to the conclusion that theoreticalsignificance, this Paper acquiresthe this attractivemulti-ethnicarea is extremely rich dimension ofpractical benefit. withdifferent ethno dresses, songs, art, traditional music instruments and dances, customs, religious buildings and houses, are enriching the touristic 1. Ethno - social touristic motives in offer in Macedonia. the Shar – Polog region Key words: Traditional, Archeological, Macedonia. The ethno – social motives are magnificent group of anthropogenic Introduction motives, which are necessary for the development of the tourism. The Shar – Luxury at the past, tourism Polog region can be characterized as an hasbecomeanecessitytoday. As an integral ethno social heterogenic, because in this part of modern living, tourism is a area live different nationalities, which have complexandspecificsocio-economic and spatial made so different ethno motives in their phenomenon that penetrates into all spheres existing. As far as the representation of the ofourlife. ethno collectivities is bigger, the number of As a result oftheconditionsinwhich the ethno – social elements is emphatic, and modern man works and livestoday, the difference is evident and that kind of people’sneedforrest and recreationhas become treasure should be valorized and involve neofthemost import antneedsofmoderntimes. into the touristic offer. That necessity can be met with vacation In the Shar – Polog region live andleisuretravels at attractive areas which Macedonians, , Turks, Gipsy, represent the hearth of tourism. Serbians and other. Thanks to this kind of Тhe primary factorsfor tourism structure and it’s number of influence, the development on acertainarea are not only the rich ethno social complex is made, and the natural beauties, but an anthropogenic most magnificent place in the touristic offer motives as well. Macedonia’s richness is for the: traditional ethno dresses,

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traditional dance and songs, traditional society. This is very original way of music and instruments, traditional customs, interpretation of the folklore, or with other traditional art, houses and their interior and words of the traditional dances and songs, exterior. traditional instruments and dresses. The The traditional ethno dresses in organization of the festivals and the this region are specific with a huge folklore manifestation is the best way of colorize. On one side, they are beautiful, presentation the touristic valorization of the colorful and specific, and on the other side ethno – social objects and appearances. is their difference. Their difference is a The traditional dances and songs result of the different ethno collectivities are very important part of the folklore of that live in this area and the special area one nation that is made in a long period of spaces in the region. The most significant time, which are full of life and fantasy. In areas of this type are Dolni and Gorni this region, because of the existing of Polog, and and , as cities different ethno collectivities, there are a lot which traditional dresses have special of interesting and different dances and characteristics. songs. In Macedonia, the most specific The Macedonian ethno dresses are traditional dances are called lesnoto and colorful and they are very interesting and teskoto, which are done in groups and can magnificent for the development of the be found in every part of the country. touristic valorization. Women ethno dresses Especially interesting is teskoto but it needs are more beautiful than men. a lot of concentration to do it. All of the Unfortunately, the ethno dresses are dances are followed by interesting and well not in use anymore and you can see them made choreography, which should keep the rarely, which makes it necessary to start traditional way, without any new style or taking some measures for their existing and putting into it some modern elements. adequate presenting. Special places for the There are some songs and dances development of the tourism have the that only show the life in those times. From museums, which are good for presentation the number of songs, the most famous is of the traditional ethno dresses. For now, Prepuknala Sar Planina, which can be the only ethno graphical sector in this called an anthem of Sar Planina. region is the museum of Tetovo which has All the songs and dances that were archeological and sector of NOB. You can mentioned are followed by a traditional find here the Macedonian women and men music which is performed with a number of traditional ethno dresses, the Turkish men traditional instruments. The oldest and women traditional dresses, the women instruments from the region are called: traditional dresses from Celopek, , zurli, goch and gajde, tambura and dalbuka, Radiovce, and Blace, and the dajre, shupelka(duduk) and kaval. Albanian traditional ethno dresses. As a The melody that comes from the touristic attraction, the best thing would be instrument kaval is very interesting and it’s to present the traditional dresses together called Egzij. It is the most eminent with the rest of the things that are made by expression of the economy in the past for the traditional genius in the houses of the Sar Planina – the sheep farming. villages and the city’s traditional The traditional customs are part of architecture which will assure authentically the way of living in the ethno – social parts ambient of a time that has pass but it’s in the Shar – Polog region and they are very always interesting for the people and their interesting. They keep the attention of the knowledge. tourists here because of their good A way of presentation of the organization, different manifestation and traditional ethno dresses and the other the folklore character. They also satisfy the segments of the folklore that is especially cultural and touristic needs of the person interesting is an attractive cultural – art which is an important touristic component. 107 www.japmnt.com (JPMNT) Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International Vol. 1, No.3, 2013.

In the Shar – Polog region, the celebrations enough for the touristic needs, but also that are made for a new born baby, or the should be kept the interior and exterior. weddings and some other manifestations, This is helped by the ethno values, the are very attractive and interesting motive clime and the fresh air. The tourism, on the that show the authentically folklore other hand would help for their elements. They are different in different revitalization. regions and ethnical collectivities. But, just like the other ethno – social 2. Cultural – historical touristic things, these manifestations are on the edge motives in the Shar – Polog region of disappearing, and that’s why there is a big need to be shown and presented, and a The cultural – historical motives are good example for that is the Galik wedding. such a permanent proof of the existing of This manifestation, actually this Shar – one nation and its cultures in different Polog wedding is about 15-20 days long. period of times. They all have different Between all these weddings, there are some meaning and value for the development of short intervals which are filled with the tourism. Although, the most important different things from the touristic motives. object is the one that is the oldest, which Except the cultural, this would have an means that as old as it gets its value grows. economical meaning also, and the most As a consequence of the important will be the forgotten folklore. geographical position, the natural The traditional art is also very conditions and the creativity of the people magnificent touristic motive. The textile art, that used to live and create on this area, we the braiding, the needlework, the wood can find a lot of material proofs that talk carving and other, are also a part of the about the archeological places. The oldest creativity of some people which are part of proofs are found from the time of the the ethno groups with some special neolith, because there aren’t any proofs characteristics. from the pal eolith. The oldest village for The houses with their interior and living from that time was found in Gradiste, exterior can make a good impression for near to Gradec, which is also in the Shar – the tourists. Most of the houses in the Polog region. region are made by rocks, and their From the VI century, there is a housetop is on four waters. In the part monumental thumb that was found in where the mountains are, the most of the Tetovo’ s square, near to Balezova Cesma, houses are covered with rock, and in the under one of the houses. At the end of the valley they are different. The ground floor XIX century, the owner of this house, was used as a room for raise cows or accidently, without intention, found the keeping the tools for work and some other thumb, took the things from it, and sold stuff. them in Carigrad. His nephew, years later, The newest houses, which were in 1932, wanted to see if there is any hidden built between the first and second world treasure in the thumb, so he opened it again, war, are made with tough material, with but he didn’t find anything valuable. He just decorated facade, high windows and doors. found the statue that is called Tetovska These houses had huge rooms with colorful menada and it’s one of the rarest walls and stylish furniture, nice balconies archeological sculptures from the years and they were very different from the around 520 – 530, and it has a huge value traditional type of houses. that talks about the art in this area. This Today, the suburb and town’s statue is actually a girl dancing with her neighborhoods, especially their old parts, hands up. are losing their authentically look. The only The menads are mythological thing that is kept, thanks to the owners and creatures that were always with the Greek their will, is the outside look, which is not God Dionis, especially when he had some

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parties for some fruit collecting or from Kiril Pejcinovik – Tetoec (1171 – something like that. This is the time when 1845). The first monastery building, where also was found a sword which was called in 1839 stayed the biologic Grizabah, as he docnomikenski mec(sword). The sword, says, was very modest and there weren’t and the Tetovska menada, today can be any difference between it and the other seen in the Archeological museum of country houses. It only had more rooms, Skopje. and in one of them there was a cross and a The things that were left from the chair and some sentences that were written Roman civilizations are also very on the wall in Greek and Slovenian magnificent for this region. The most language. He was a monarch but he also magnificent place for living in that time collected books so he opened the first was Lesok. These places for living continue monastery library, and he taught the youth. to exist even in the middle century. He left some book behind him, and the Probably, the Slovenes came to live here in most magnificent are “Ogledalo” from 1816 VII century, or to be more specific, they and “Utesenie gresnim” from 1840. On the lived in Polog, near to Gradec. There are 4thof June, 1967, in his honor, was opened also some material proofs from that time the Memorial museum in the monastery and that people. complex of Lesok. But, the biggest touristic value from His thumb was renovated and it was this period belongs to the churches and the opened a memory room which had pictures monasteries. According to Jovan of him, his books and other things made Tifunovski, there is no village that does not from Kiril Pejcinovik. Also, there are three have a church or a monastery, and pictures of him which were made from his according to his researches there are around co-worker Aresenie from Tearce, the place 162 places that used to have churches, and where he was born. 17 of them were monasteries. Today in In the museum, there is his epitaph Polog (Gostivar and Tetovo), there are 117 that he wrote it ten years before his death. churches which are built on the same place The epitaph has a huge meaning for the where the old ones used to be, but with Macedonian history and literature. some renovations. The most Near Lesok, there are also some left magnificent monastery complex is the one buildings that remind of the churches St. in Lesok. In this complex, there are: the Dimitrija and St. Nikola and that is actually church St. Atanasie and St. Bogorodica, the only thing that was left from them. The the old monastery rooms and the newest monastery rooms are open for tourists and church together with the other objects and they have great infrastructure. We can say buildings of the monastery. The complex is that the monastery complex of Lesok has a in renovations so it would have higher huge meaning and beauty, and it can be touristic and historical value. This church magnificent motive for the development of exists from 1348, but around 1698, St. the tourism in the Shar – Polog region. Atanasie was abandoned. Later, in 1818, There are rests from the middle when Kiril Pejcinovik came from Sveta century churches on other places of Polog Gora, he made this place a place for living too, especially in . In Gostivar, again. there is the Gostivar’s monastery which In the monastery complex Lesok, comes from XIV century. there is also the church St. Bogorodica, In Tetovo, there is the monastery St. which is mentioned for the first time in the Bogorodica, from the XII and XIV first half of the XIV century. In 1818, century, where in 1914 is built the new when Kiril Pejcinovik comes, this church church St. Bogorodica. In some written becomes a monastery. documents, the church St. Bogorodica, for Very close to these churches, there the first time is mentioned in the period of are the monastery rooms that were built 1217 to 1234, in the annals that were left 109 www.japmnt.com (JPMNT) Journal of Process Management – New Technologies, International Vol. 1, No.3, 2013.

from the Ohrid’s archbishop Dimitrij involved into the tourism because they are Homatijan, which was also very beautiful very valuable. That would be a good way of and worth to be known far away. developing the tourism in the Shar – Polog From the time of the Turkish region. Also, the people will be more domination, there are a lot of cultural – interested into visiting this part of the historical monuments in these expanses, Republic of Macedonia. and the most magnificent are concentrated in Tetovo or close to it. Aladza or Sarena References: Dzamija(Multicolor mosque) is one of the most magnificent cultural monumental in 1. Visko A. (1990): Tetovo. It is located at the right side of the Gostivarskatanahijavovtoratapolovi river Pena and probably it’s built in XV nana XIX vek, century. Some family from Tetovo, Palosi, DuhovnisredistavoZapadnaMakedo has some information that the church was nijavominatotoi denes, IX built form Hursude Anuma around 1566. naucensobir, Bigorskonaucno - This mosque, according to its architecture kulturnisobiri, Kicevo. leaves an impression of a small mosque. 2. Grujic R.Polosko - This mosque was rebuilt or renovated from tetovskaeparhijaimanastirLesak,Gla Abdurahman pasa, who made the art snik Skopskognaucnogdrustva, gallery, the rock cock, and the place that he Istoriski Arhivna R.M. wanted to be his thumb, but he wasn’t OddelenieTetovo. buried there. 3. Jacimovic M. B. (1980):Prirodnei All these constructions together with socio-geografskeodlike, the old Tetovska carsija, which should be odnosiiproblemiPologakaoosnovaza renovated together with the begovski kuki savremenoprostornoplaniranje, and konaci, are the only urban union which Beograd. needs only few material resources to 4. Kraguq J., Petrusevski I. become big touristic attraction. (1987):Narodnatanosijavotetovskite The other monuments that have selaLesokiVratnica,Makedonskifolk magnificent role as cultural – historical lor, br. 39 - 40, Institutzafolklor motives for the development of the tourism “Marko Cepenkov”, Skopje. in this area are: Arabati Baba Teke, which 5. Krivokapic S. D. (1969): is in Tetovo, and it was built around XVIII SarPlanina - Turisticko - – XIX century; the castle Kale, which is at geografskiprikazpredelainaroda,Tur the top of Tetovo, or 806 meters above the istickaStampa, Beograd. city; the Saat Dzamija (Time mosque) and 6. Marinoski N. (1993): some others. Etnosocijalnite vrednostikakoatraktivenfaktorvoturi Conclusion zmot, 67 - 71, Zbornikna trudovi, kn. 10, Fakultet zaturizam The Shar – Polog region, which is in iugostitelstvo, Ohrid. the north-west part of Macedonia, has an 7. Marinoski N. (1999): exclusive difference of ethno – social and TuristickageografijanaRepublikaMa cultural - historical motives that are very kedonija,Institutzaistrazuvanjenaturi important for the development of the zmot ,Ohrid. tourism in the region. All the motives that 8. Mikulic I. (1970):Minatotona were presented come from the past and they Gostivarskiotkrajprekuarheoloskina are very old but very important group of odi, Gostivarskikraj - Prirodno - anthropogenic factors for the development geografskiodlikiiopstestvenoekonom of the tourism. Still, they are not used skikarakteristiki, knigaprva, enough and in the future they need to be

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SobranienaOpstinaGostivar, 11. Panov N. (1998): Turisticka Gostivar. valorizacijanamanastiritevoRepubli 9. Miqkovic-Pepek P. (1978): kaMakedonija,Bato&Divajn, Crkvata“Sv. Skopje. AtanasijAleksandriski“krajmanastir 12. Spomenicitenakulturatavo SR otLesok, 237 - 250, IV Naucensobir Makedonija, grupa avtori, Misla, - Polognizvekovite, Bigorskonaucno 1971, Skopje. - kulturnisobiri, Tetovo. 13. ]ornakov D. (1995): Makedonski 10. Panov M. (1976): Geografijana SR manastiri,Maticamakedonska, Makedonija, ProsvetnoDelo, Skopje. Skopje. 14. www.m-p-c.org/Eparhii.

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