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This Dissertation Has Been 64—1291 M Icrofilm Ed Exactly As Received This dissertation has been 64—1291 microfilmed exactly as received NOVOTNY, Robert Frank, 1926- BEDROCK GEOLjOGY OF THE DOVER-EXETER- PORTSMOUTH REGION, NEW HAMPSHIRE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1963 G eology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE DOVER-EXETER-PORTSMOUTH REGION, NEW HAMPSHIRE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Robert Frank Novotny, A. B., M. S. kkkkkrk The Ohio State University 1963 Approved by Adviser ' Department of Geology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer owes a great debt of gratitude to Professor Carl A* Lamey of the Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, who gave so unstintingly of his time and invaluable counsel during the course of the investigation. Sincere thanks are also due Professor T, R. Meyers, State Geologist of New Hampshire and faculty member, Department of Geology, University of New Hampshire, who most generously provided the writer with notes and information concern­ ing his knowledge of the geology of southeastern New Hampshire amassed over a period of many years. Greatly appreciated, also, is the information and encouragement given the writer, both in the field and in the laboratory, by Professor Marland P. Billings, Harvard University; Dr. Lincoln R. Page and Mr. Norman P. Cuppels, United States Geological Survey; Dr. Jane L. Forsyth, Ohio Geological Survey; and Professors Richard P. Goldthwait, George E. Moore, and Sidney E. White, The Ohio State University. The writer is also indebted to Dr. and Mrs. John D. Winslow, United States Geological Survey, for the photomicrographs included in the report, and to Mrs. Gertrude M. Scheibel, United States Geological Survey, for her part in the final preparation of the manuscript. The writer is also thankful for the financial assistance of the Geological Society of America; the Department of Geology, The Ohio State University; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and the State of New Hampshire, without whose aid the study could not have been undertaken. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ........................................... viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS..................................... i* INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 Location and Extent of A r e a ............................ 1 Previous Work in the A r e a ............................. 3 Field W o r k ............................................. 3 Geomorphology and Glacial Geology ...................... 4 Statement of P r o b l e m . 8 GENERAL STRATIGRAFHIC RELATIONS ............................ 9 General Statement ..................................... 9 Rye Formation (Ordovician?)............................ 11 General statement................................... 11 Lower metasedimentary m e m b e r ......... 13 General statement ........................ • . 13 Schists . * * ............ 14 Quartzites 19 Amphibolites..................................... 22 Upper metavolcanic member ............................ 25 General statement .......... ................... 25 Metavolcanic rocks ............................... 26 Metasedimentary rocks ............................ 33 Injection and permeation gneiss ..... ........ 38 Kittery Formation (Silurian?) .......................... 46 General statement ............................... 46 S l a t e s ............................................. 51 Phyllites......................... 53 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page Schists ..................... 54 Q u a r t e t t e s ......................................... 58 Lime-silicate rocks ............... 60 Eliot Formation (Silurian?) ............................ 62. General statement................................... 62 S l a t e s ................................................ 64 Phyllites................................. 66 S c h i s t s ................................................ 70 Q u a r t e t t e s ......................................... 72 Lime-silicate rocks ................................. 74 Berwick Formation (Silurian?) .......................... 75 General statement................................... 75 S c h i s t s ............................................. 77 Lime-silicate rocks ........................ ..... 81 Littleton Formation (Devonian) ............................. 83 INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS ...................................... 87 General Statement ..................................... 87 Hillsboro Plutonic Series .... 88 General statement .......... ..... 88 Breakfast Hill granite and pegmatite .......... 89 Newburyport quartz diorite .... .................. 99 Porphyritic quartz monzonite .. ...................... 108 Exeter diorite ........................................ 116 General statement .................................. 116 Gabbro ............................................ 121 D i o r i t e ................................ 123 Quartz diorite .................................... 126 Quartz monzonite.................................... 128 Granite and apllte dikes .................. 130 Quartz monzonite ................. 132 White Mountain Plutonic-Volcanlc S e r i e s .................. 136 General statement......................* ........... 136 C a m p t o n i t e ............................................ 136 G r a n o p h y r e ............................................ 141 v TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY ....................................... 142 General Statement ........................... • . 142 Folds ......... 143 General statement ......................... • . 143 Rye anticline . • 143 Great Bay syncline............................... 144 Exeter anticline .................................... 145 F a u l t s .......................................... 146 General statement .................................. 146 Portsmouth fault .................................... 146 Seabrook thrust ........................ 147 Minor structural features .............................. 148 General statement • • • . • • . • . 148 Minor folds ................................ 149 Cleavage............................................ 130 Schistosity ........................................ 131 Lineation ........... .................... 131 Joints .......... 152 METAMORPHISM ............................................. 157 General Statement .............................. 157 Metamorphic Zonation ...... .......................... 138 Time of Metamorphism............................ 160 Causes of Metamorphism 161 STRATIGRAPH1C CORRELATIONS .................................. 163 General Statement ........................................ 163 Correlation with Eastern and East-Central Massachusetts • 163 Correlation with Southwestern Maine .... .......... ■ 165 Correlation with Western New Hampshire . .............. 166 Evidence from Igneous R o c k s .............................. 167 Conclusions ................................ 168 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Page SUMMARY OF GEOLOGIC HISTORY ............................... 169 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY ......................................... 172 REFERENCES ............................................... 174 AUTOBIOGRAPHY............................................. 182 vii LIST OF TABLES (All cables are in pocket) Table 1. Approximate Modes of the Lower Member of the Rye Formation 2. Approximate Modes of the Upper Member of the Rye Formation 3. Approximate Modes of the Kittery Formation 4. Approximate Modes of the Eliot Formation 5. Approximate Modes of the Berwick and Littleton Formations 6. Approximate Modes of the Hillsboro Plutonic Series 7. Approximate Modes of the Hillsboro Plutonic Series 8. Approximate Modes of the White Mountain Plutonic Series viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Fage 1. Location of A r e a ............................... 2 2. Contour Diagram of Camptonite Dikes and Sills • . • 139 3. Contour Diagram of Joints in the Rye Formation • . 153 4. Contour Diagram of Joints in the Kittery Formation 154 5. Contour Diagram of Joints in the Breakfast Hill Granite and Pegmatite 155 Plate Page I. Geologic Hap and Structure Sections (in pocket) II. Outcrop of Permeation and Injection Gneiss, with Relict Bedding .................... ...... 39 III. Outcrop of Permeation and Injection Gneiss, Showing Large Feldspar A u g e n .......................... 40 IV. Photomicrograph of Permeation and Injection Gneiss 45 V. Outcrop of Crinkled Kittery Formation ............ 50 VI. Outcrop of Folded Eliot Formation .............. 67 VII. Photomicrograph of Dolomite Porphyroblast in Eliot Formation 68 VIII. Photomicrograph of Incipient Cleavage in Eliot Formation................. 69 ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - Continued Plate Page IX. Photomicrograph of Berwick Formation, Showing Biotite Porphyroblasts ................. > 79 X. Photomicrograph of Berwick Formation, Showing Actinolite Porphyroblasts ...................... 84 XI. Outcrop of Breakfast Hill Pegmatite Lens in Lower Member of the Rye F o r m a t i o n ............. 92 XII. Outcrop of Folded Breakfast Hill Pegmatite in the Lower Member of the Rye Fo r m a t i o n .......... 93 XIII. Camptonite Dikes in Lower Member of the Rye Formation ........................ ....... 138 x INTRODUCTION Location and Extent of Area The Dover-Exeter•Portsmouth area of this investigation consti­ tutes approximately 225 square miles in southeastern New Hampshire and includes
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