NOMINATION FORM York for NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) •AY 1 Fi 1974 (Number All Entries)
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Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE: (Rev. 6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE „ . Xl COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORI C PLACES York INVENTORY - NOMINATION F UKM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicabh 3sec"°"iv MAY 16W4 COMMON: ISLES OF SHOALS AND/OR HISTORIC: Same !iS|:;S:£*:!;|i-::j;^ STREET AND NUMBER: -tiO-CErCeuT_-. ^-rip J..T.J, WTtTttli,.,4_i.t.,J . — fct, — L<£Q. , , 1 iiis-of— 2r5"-mrl-erg~f rom -" Crys tai—Lake-^-on^ M 'Ap pied&re—T'si'antiT—^tiip.?! ~ -1 iV « • -a t 1 at itiid«>v..42-59J" '-12",* 6.5 miles southeast CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: of Kittery. (_ &++&+* i/ic. 1st: Hon. Peter N. Kvros STATE / CODE COUNTY: CODE Maine ^J York: 031 |$i|(Vf?:£&i? ¥ii'i't*'jF'&'i/\ti y '• ]- : '''"' ^ ''-'• ''' '•''••••••'•'••''•''• : - V &¥&••''• V:'Xf ••'••&•'•': •?•:• ':':: : : : •:•:••>: 'f •:•••.'•:'••: ••:• ':•; lllillllil;llllllllllllllilllili::il!lllliPlll^lt:'||i|l!ll||l 1/1 CATEGORY OWNER SHIP < STATUS ACCESSIBLE (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC E District Q Building CD Public Public Acquisition: |T] Occupied Yes: n Site Q Structure S Private C 1 In Process r-, Unoccupied D R^tricted D Object D Both C3 Being Considered ^ p reservatjon work 3 Unrestricted in progress ' — ' u PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) FT! Agricultural | | Government Q Park I 1 Transportation D Comments OH (3 Commercial CD Industrial gj] Priva te Residence (jjj: Other (Specify) S Educational l~1 Mi itary Q Relig ious His t or i p alr 1 | Entertainment Ixl Museum (^) Scien tific Sit*3 } OWNER'S NAME: /^A \ 1 ^ / 7^\ STATE SEE CONTINUATION SHEET /5^^k"^S\ UJ STREET AND NUMBER: /'"/ PtTnril n""f1 V/-^ i LU /V ntLtlVtu vA / — - J *>n\f „ ,_u ^ \ .J Cl TY OR TOWN: STATE: 1^1 Hlnt » U*K CdQF] /SP/ t::S:::::::Sjt:::'rt^:iJL:**^iiij:>:irt:iC-:-' 1 i:-C'^; i: il:'':: :ftK'C:^ &1 ^A::;:|:;:!t;(^AiT;twW:i:S:Piv:|*:C.WAt:::&E:SG:RiR:l|^ COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: \'/>\ ' *"~^ 10 ' *- ' * X^O/ COUNTY: York County Registry of Deeds \P7^>>— - -m /^V^ STREET AND NUMBER: ^•/'i i ' VJ^*^ York County Courthouse CITY OR TOWN: STATE CODE Alfred Maine 23 TITLE OF SURVEY: NUMBERENTRY SEE CONTINUATION SHEET -n o DATE OF SURVEY: Q Federal fj State | | County | | Local % 73 DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: z C/l c STREET AND NUMBER: rn 1 O r-Z CITY OR TOWN: STATE: CODE \ jDATE (Check One) Excellent d Good Q Fair Q Deteriorated Q Ruins Q Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) D Altered C± Unaltered Moved g] Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (it known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Present Physical Appearance; The Isles of Shoals are in a group of nine rocky islands and a number of ledges, totalling 206.6 acres in area and lying some nine miles southeast of the mouth of the Piscataqua River. The boundary line between Maine and New Hampshire passes from the mid point of the Piscataqua River through this archipelago, so that five of the islands, which are the subject of this nomination, with an approximate total area of 145.6 acres, lie within the State of Maine, while four of the/ islands, with an approximate total area of 61.0 acres, lie within New Hampshire. Geologically, the islands are primarily composed of igneous rocks, especially granite and pegmatite. Traces remain of older metamorphic rocks, which were uplifted by the intruding granite and subsequently were largely eroded away./There are also numerous trap dikes, where a still more recent igneous/rock penetrated faults in the granite. The Isles of Shoals likewise reveal numerous traces of the great ice age, which ended some 10,000 years ago and marked the islands with striae or scratches, erratic boulders carried from points to the, northwest, a general round- ing off of the rock masses, and scouring of the soil. Botanically, the Isles of Shoals are characterized by sparse and hardy herbaceous vegetation, with few trees. Essentially all the soil of the islands is post-glacial, and the thin earth and cold winter winds have precluded the development of substantial numbers of woody plants. Never theless, more than 250 land plant species have been identified on the islands (Howard, 1968). The rocky islands, their tidal margins, and the waters that surround them provide a habitat for many species of^marine animal life. Various seagulls, black-crowned night herons, black guillemots, snowy egrets and glossy ibis all nest at the Shoals, and for some species the archipelago represents the extreme of nesting range in North America. A checklist of the marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Shoals, compiled by the staff of the Cornell University Shoals Marine Laboratory (1973), includes 256 species of invertebrates, 139 species of algae, 49 species of fish, and 145 species of birds. The distinctive Shoals biome has been preserved by low population density and by the considerable distance of the islands from heavily-populated centers. The Isles of Shoals were occupied by as many as 600 people before the outbreak of the American Revolution, and remnants of their activities may still be traced throughput the islands. Several cemeteries, including those of the Haley, Caswell, Beebe and Laighton families, stand near the foundations of houses once occupied by these former inhabitants. Through out the islands, a number of house sites may be identified, some dating ~ from the seventeenth century, some from the eighteenth, and some from the resort era of the nineteenth century. Among the oldest buildings still (See Continuation Sheet) PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) [~] Pre-Columbion | (j3 16th Century 18th Century 20th Century Q 15th Century £1 17th Century 19th Century SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Abor iginal Education Q Political II Urban Planning I | Prehistoric Engineering Q Religion/Phi- (^ Other (Specify) O Historic Industry losophy archaeological; | | Agriculture Invention jj] Science Cultural History [y| Architecture Landscape Q] Sculpture £) Art Architecture Q Social/Humon- CT Commerce Literature itarj<Jn [ | Communications Military Q Theater C71 Conservation Music Q Transportation STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Isles of Shoals, though small in area, barren in appearance, and */> possessed of an inhospitable winter climate, have exerted an historical and cultural influence that is disproportionate with their modest area and resources. Strategically located in the southern part of the Gulf of Maine, the Shoals were recognized during the early seventeenth century as an important defensive outpost and as a fishing depot of inestimable value. Although their vigor as a fishing community was vitiated by their evacua U tion during the American Revolution, they still supported some 112 people, possessed of unique local folkways, in 1800. The development of large resort hotels, beginning in-1^46, brought persons of significant literary talent to the Isles of Shoals, and the islands emerged during the late nineteenth century as a major source of artistic inspiration. During the twentieth century, the Isles of Shoals have been utilized for extensive religious conferences and have been recognized by two major universities as possessing an unspoiled marine environment of great scientific impor tance. UJ LJ Architectural Significance; One structure at the Isles of Shoals is CO of notable architectural significance; the Samuel Haley Cottage on Smutty- nose Island. The Haley Cottage is important as probably the last example of eighteenth century domestic architecture to survive in situ on the is lands (Other Shoals houses of the pre-Revolutionary period were reportedly moved to York Village, Maine, where they still survive, Jenness, 1857). As such, the Haley Cottage is the epitome of a large group of buildings that once dotted the islands, and is significant in revealing the gross features of wooden framing, the details of domestic joiner's work, and the general design and proportioning of the better houses on the islands during the eighteenth century. Artistic Significance: From the beginning of the resort era in 1846, the Isles of Shoals have attracted painters and inspired their work. Ar tists wh^r have visited the islands include Olaf Martinius Braujrer, J. Apple- ton Brown, Maurice Frederick deHass, (Frederick) Childe Hass2m, William Morris Hun/, Rose LamK, Ellen Robbing, Ross Turne^and Ann4 Whitney. Hunt noted for his monumental murals in the New York State Capitol at Albany and for his superb portraiture, drowned in the pool near Celia Thaxter's Co tage on Appledore Island in 1879. Childe Hassam, one of the most brilliant (See Continuation Sheet) SEE CONTINUATION SHEET LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGIT-JDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRO D ERTY DEFINING THt ctisTS.R POIN I OF A PROPERTY OF LESS THAN TFN ACRES LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds 43° Ol 1 00" o » • NW 70 ° 37 ' 11 " 43° 00' 44-K NE 70 ° 35 ' 05 " 42° 58' 26" SE 70 ° 35 ' 40 " sw LV* SR' AV 70 ° ^7 • M • APPROXIMATE ACRE AGE O F NOMIN ATED PROPERTY: 1AS ft ^%iXLO//X c/t |LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR O^JJ^I^TY BOUj|DARTErfji\ m m COUNTY: z CO H 70 C. NAME AND TITLE: James L. Garvin, Research Curator n ORGAN! ZATION DATE H Strawbery Banke, Inc. 2/26/74 STREET AND NUMBER: P.O. Box 300 CITY OR TOWN: Portsmouth As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na I hereby certify that this property is included in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law National Register. 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.