Son E.E. Head of the JIHT RAS Division MIPT Physical Mechanics Department Chair

XVIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RUSSIA-KOREA-CIS

August 26 ~ 28, 2018, Moscow Holiday Inn

Current and perspective International Experiments at ISS Son E.E. Head of the JIHT RAS Division MIPT Physical Mechanics Department Chair

28/08/18 1 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 2

28/08/18 4 Overview Russia ISS program • Internaonal Collaboraon at ISS (Roscosmos, NASA, ESA, JAXA, CAN) • Plasma Crystal (PK -1, PK -2, PK -3, PK -4) –Example of successive collaboraon Roscosmos-ESA-NASA • Bose-Einstein Condensaon – compression • Rydberg Maer experiments at ISS

Collaboraon NASA – ROSCOSMOS in Fundamental Physics (BEC Cold Atom Lab): o 30 May -01 June 2017, Santa Barbara California o 2017 – Ground Tesng CAL equipment

28/08/18o 2018 – Experiments at ISSNASA ISS Workshop 2017 5 Field Started Prepare On board Finished All ISS Russia Program 1. Processes and materials in Space 1 23 4 1 29

2. Earth and Space Research 3 33 10 17 63

3. Man in Space 7 13 9 19 48

4. Space biology and biotechnology 9 14 16 16 55

5. Technologies of Space Exploraon 6 31 15 9 61

6. Educaon and Popularizaon 1 8 6 3 18

All 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 201727 119 60 65 2716

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 8 “Shear-Driven Film” experiment on ISS Physical concept Thin (10-100 microns) intensively evaporated liquid films driven by forced gas/vapor flow in narrow channels (100-1000 microns) provide Optical window very high heat transfer intensity (up to 100 kW/m^2K) and are a Evaporation promising approach to thermal management of advanced Gas semiconductor devices with high power dissipation, as well as for Microchip several others space applications: energy production, cooling of engines, life support systems and waste water treatment Liquid Heat

Preliminary results of ESA Parabolic flights: Gravity effect on the shee-rdriven liquid film behavior In microgravity liquid films became less stable and more wavy

FC-72, Reg=154, Rel=8.2, h0=0.16 mm 0.01go

1.0go

Gas 1.8go

Map of the flow regimes of FC-72 in a minichanel 0.01g 1.0go o with height 1.5 mm and width 30 mm, T=10ºC Cheverda, Glushchuk, Queeckers, Chikov, Kabov, Liquid rivulets moved by shear stress of gas flow at altered levels of gravity, Microgravity sci. technol., 2013 “Shear-Driven Film” experiment on ISS Concept European Space Agency High speed schlieren system, IR camera and Thermal Platform confocal sensor

Interchangeable heat pipe cell Adiabatic zone Optical window Vapor The vapor VAPOR OPTICAL WINDOW generation Evaporator side Condenser side system Liquid film Prototype of the test cell Heater platform Cooler platform Thermal conditioning platform TWO-PHASE LOCAL HEATER FLOW OUTLET LIQUID INLET Preliminary design of the heating elements GAS INLET Q=const Q=const T=const

Flow

0.3 mm 0.5 mm “Shear-Driven Film” experiment on ISS Expected results: - New types of instabilities and flow structures - To improve knowledge of physics of two-phase flows with phase change in microgravity 1.3 - Validation of 3D mathematical model for microgravity conditions

1.2 Gas Water and Nitrogen gas

Horizontal channel HC=250 µm 1.1 0 H

/ 1 h

0.9

0.8 1g 10g 20g Heang element Nonlinear effect 0.7 µ (T), σ (T) -4 0 4 8 12 x Gas-liquid interface position along the channel, Re=2, GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE 2 Reg=20, H0=59,58µm. 1x1 cm Kabova, Kuznetsov, Kabov, Gravity Effect on Evaporation and Interfacial Deformations in Nonisothermal Liquid Film Moved by a Gas Flow in a Microgap, Interfacial Phenomena and Heat Transfer, 2014

“Shear-Driven Film” experiment on ISS Gravity effect on the shee-rdriven liquid film behavior Experiments in Parabolic Flights

Gravity level 2 1.6

Gas 0 1.2 g / g 0.8 0.4 0 33310 33320 33330 33340 33350 33360 33370 Time[c]

Capillary length Gravity level

Water, ls g m mm m/s2

0.0027 2.72 g0 Normal g -2 0.027 27.2 g0*10 PF -4 0.272 272.7 g0*10 ISS -6 2.72 2727.5 g0*10 Deep space

FC-72, Reg=154, Rel=8.2, h0=0.16 mm σ Lsystem < lσ lσ = Bond number, L-characteristic length ρ g

Thermal-physics and hydrodynamics of two-phase systems under microgravity is essentially thermal-physics and hydrodynamics of microsystems and microchannels 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 16 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 17 Space Experiment “Plasma Kristall”, EKoPlasma performed with JIHT RAS at the Space Stations since 1998: PK-4 2020 OS “Mir” PK-3Plus RF PK-3-Nefedov 2014

RF Combined DC/RF(i) plasma 2006 PK-2 RF(e) plasma 2000 ISS PK-1 1999 DC plasma

28/08/18 UV plasma 1998 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 18 Space setup PK-3-Plus is sufficiently elaborated apparatus y 2D z • High plasma parameters homogeneity due to electrodes design • Perfect observation conditions due to glass walls • High temperature homogeneity due to construction design

3D • 13.56 Mhz RF power driven large disk electrodes • Wide ground rings around the electrodes • Guard rings hold 3 dispensers each • The dispensers provide 14.91; 9.19; 6.81; 3.42; 2.55 µm melamine formaldehyde and 1.55 µm silica mono disperse particles

V. E. Fortov and G. E. Morfill, eds., Complex and Dusty 28/08/18 NASA ISS WorkshopPlasmas: From2017 Laboratory to Space (CRC Press, Boca 19 Raton, FL, 2010). Development of 3D diagnostics for PK-3 data Example video from ISS Dust particles 3.42 µm, argon pressure 11 Pa, effective voltage 14.5 V

Quadrant view camera: High Resolution Camera: horizontal: 1 Pixel ≡ 49.6 µm horizontal: 1 Pixel ≡ 11.3 µm vertical: 1 Pixel ≡ 45.05 µm vertical: 1 Pixel ≡ 10.3 µm Frame size: 720x576 pixels, video: 50 frames per second, scan speed: 0.6 mm/s

Procedure of the scanning allows us to determine clearly a position of the single 28/08/18 dust particle in 3D-space NASA ISS Workshop 2017 20 Determination of 3D coordinates of dust particles

Y Z X Visualization of 3D brightness matrix Sequence of images

voxel size: 11.3 x 10.3 x 12 µm3 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 21 PK-4 is a new tool for studying hydrodynamic phenomena at the kinetic level

PK-4 in Columbus

Residential module

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 22 PK-4 experiment layout

1600 х 1200 Spectromentr 1600 х 1200

Dusty plasma manipulators: 44х17 mm RF1 • Laser • Ring electrode • Local heater • Gas flow • RF(i) discharges • DC

35 cm Vacuum pump Gas inlet

1. Gas pressure: 2 – 266 Pa

2. Gases: neon, argon, argon+20%O2 3. Particles: 1 – 12 mcm (5 diameters) 4. DC: 0,2 – 5 мА, including polarity switching regime 5. RF(i) power < 5 W 6. Gas flow: 0.1 – 12 sccm 28/08/18 7. Manipulation laser – 0 – 20 NASAW ISS Workshop 2017 23 Review of Scientific Instruments (2016), 87, 093505 PK-4 experiments at the ISS

2015 2016 2017 27 December 2014 1-5 June 2015 10-17 July 2016 12-17 February 2017

Installation PK-4 in PK-4 commissioning by 2nd experimental campaign 4th experimental campaign Columbus by Еlena Serova Gennady Padalka by Alexei Ovchinin by Oleg Novitzky and Аlex Samokutyaev

25-30 October 2015 9-14 October 2016

1st experimental campaign 3rd experimental campaign by Oleg Kononenko by Anatoly Ivanishin

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 24 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 25 Experimental setup for Efficient Excitation and Detection of Rydberg States in Down fluorescence diagnostic method. Ultracold Lithium-7 Atoms Without Rydberg atoms destruction. Head of lab. 1.2.3.3.JIHT RAS Dr. Boris B. Zelener

t, min *

* 1] Zelener B B, Saakyan S A, Sautenkov V A, Manykin E A, Zelener B V and Fortov V E 2015 JETP 148(6) 1086 * 2] Zelener B B, Saakyan S A, Sautenkov V A, Manykin E A, Zelener

B V and Fortov V E 2016 JETP 149(4) 750 Our value 2015 [1] fluorescence

Δν, GHz In our simulations we use Monte-Carlo and molecular dynamics methods [1-3]. Reduction of plasma recombination and creation of regular structure are demonstrated under strong interaction condition. Magnetic field can help dramatically reduce the rate of plasma recombination.

Ideal gas condition Strong interaction condition

1. Butlitsky M.A., Zelener B.B., Zelener B.V. // Journal of Chemical Physics, 141, 2, 14, (2014) 2. Bobrov A.A., Bronin S.J., Zelener B.B., Zelener B.V., Manykin E.A., Khikhlukha D.R., Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 117, 1, 161 (2013) 3. Manykin E.A., Zelener B.B. and Zelener B.V. JETP Lett. 92, 630, 2010 28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 28 Finished Projects Space NASA Modern Projects Transport

Systems X-15 1950-1960 Space Shuttle Лётные испытания 1986-2011 Эксплуатация

X-33 Venture Star 1995-2003 XS-1 (DARPA) ВКА X-37B (Boeing) ЛИ демонстратора ЛИ c 2018 г. ЛИ с 2010 г.

Falcon-9 (SpaceX) X-20 Dyna-Soar X-38 ЛИ с 2012 г. Dream Chaser 1957-1963 1998-2001 (Sierra Nevada) Лётные испытания ЛИ демонстратора ЛИ с 2013 г. X-34 1996-2003 ЛИ демонстратора

X-30 NASP 1986-1995 X-43A Hiper-X Наземная отработка 1996-2003 ЛИ демонстратора

X-37 Future-X PathFinder 1998-2004 New Shepard WhiteKnightTwo + SpaceShipTwo, Lynx (XCOR Aerospace) ЛИ демонстратора (Blue Origin) ЛИ с 2017 г. ESA ЛИ с 2015 г. (Virgin Galactic) ЛИ с 2010 г.

ZANGER (Германия) Adeline 1981-1985 IXV (Airbus DS) (ESA) с 2015г. INDIA AMAZONE EVEREST BOOMERANG ЛИ с RLV-TD (Astrium, (Astrium, CNES) 2015г. (ISRO) EADS (ESA) ЛИ с 2016 г. CNES) 2001-2005 2002-2003 2001-2005 HOTOL (Англия) HERMES ASTRAL 1986-1990 (ЕSA) Astrium 1985-1998 (ESA) 2002-2003 SOAR (S3) c 2013г.(ЛИ-2018г.) 2 9

Degtyar V.G., Son E.E. «Hypersonic Vehicles» Vol 1. 2018, 980 pages. Vol 2. 2018, 1050 pages. ISBN 978-4-8037-0690-8

Publishing House «Yanus-K»

Proposal for Translation into English and Korean It is very interesting to study a self-organization of different spatial structure from ultracold Rydberg atoms under microgravity condition.

The life time of the structures can be dramatically increased.

In order to create an effective quantum computer it is necessary to get a large number of entangled qubits (> 500) and a long coherence time for qubits (the lifetime of qubits).

The decoherence of atomic qubits may be eliminated at the Space Station [1].

1. Pikovski I, Zych M, Costa F and Brukner C 2015 Universal decoherence due to gravitational time dilation NATURE PHYS. 11, 668 • Korea- Russia Collaboraon in Space Science and Technology is very promising • Stage of Denuclearizaon gives the chance to establish New Horisons in the Internaonal Space Science and Technology • At the ISS it is planning to create diﬀerent Labs equipped with the modern devices • Korean Companies and Universies are invited to the Collaboraon both Sciensts. Engineers and students. • Coordinaon of Space Research is coordinated by TSNIIMASH company of ROSCOSMOS • Main Task of Research is to get Competence and Fundamental Research for Humanity, Science and Educaon • Many conducteв experiments are over the Scene: Rydberg Maer, Cold Atoms, Phase Transions, Electric and MHD Instabilies and Turbulence, etc. • A lot of experiments could be proposed by sciensts asking quesons: what new Basic results could give my experiments in condion of Microgravity and High Clean condions in Space?

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 32 Acknowledgements to ROSCOSMOS, DLR, ESA and all cosmonauts made experiments.

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 33 Joint Instute for High temperature RAS Moscow Instute of Physics and Technology Physical Mechanics Department Laboratory of Hypersonic and Plasma Technologies [email protected]

28/08/18 NASA ISS Workshop 2017 34