Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Program May 8 – 13, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona Intel International Science and Engineering Fair

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Program May 8 – 13, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona Intel International Science and Engineering Fair THINK BEYOND Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Program May 8 – 13, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona Intel International Science and Engineering Fair About the Intel ISEF The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), a program of Society for Science & the Public, is the world’s largest international pre-college science competition. The Intel ISEF is the premier science competition in the world and provides a forum for more than 1,750 high school students from more than 75 countries, regions and territories to showcase their independent research annually. Each year, millions of students worldwide compete in local science fairs; winners go on to participate in Intel ISEF-affiliated regional, state and national fairs to earn the opportunity to attend the Intel ISEF. Uniting these top young scientific minds, the Intel ISEF provides the opportunity to finalists to display their talent on an international stage, while enabling them to submit their work for judging by doctoral-level scientists. The Intel ISEF provides awards of nearly $4 million in prizes and scholarships annually. Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Greetings ..........................................................................................................2 Title Sponsor ..................................................................................................6 Gordon E. Moore Award ..........................................................................7 About Phoenix ...............................................................................................8 Grand Awards ............................................................................................ 10 Education Outreach Program Sponsors ........................................ 12 Table of Contents Table Special Award Organizations ............................................................. 14 Events and Office Hours ....................................................................... 16 General Information .............................................................................. 18 Map of Phoenix ........................................................................................ 20 Map of Phoenix Light Rail .................................................................... 22 Maps of Phoenix Convention Center ............................................. 24 Schedule of Events ................................................................................. 30 Symposium Schedule ............................................................................. 38 Local Restaurants ...................................................................................... 46 Practical Guide and Local Information ......................................... 48 Phoenix Local Arrangements Committee ................................... 50 Intel ISEF Committees ........................................................................... 51 Additional Acknowledgements ........................................................ 52 About Intel .................................................................................................. 54 About Society for Science & the Public ........................................ 55 Finalist Directory ....................................................................................... 57 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Intel Corporation President, Intel Foundation Vice President, Human Resources and Director, Corporate Affairs Intel Corporation To Intel ISEF Finalists, Educators, Families, and Fair Directors: We have traveled far and wide to be here together for the 2016 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, in Phoenix, Arizona, a city symbolizing both sun and renewal. On behalf of the Intel Foundation, I congratulate all of you for making it to this incredible milestone. We are all here because of our strong community, driven by a shared passion to solve real and challenging problems through science and engineering. The Intel Foundation believes in the power of innovation to expand opportunities, and we invite you to challenge yourself through our theme of “Think Beyond.” 1. Beyond Barriers: You will meet people from dozens of countries and cultures during this action-packed week. Look beyond your differences of language or appearance and find what brings you together. Whether you’re a fair director from Peru, or a finalist from Indonesia, you have the opportunity to build relationships and foster community that will enrich your perspective. 2. Beyond Yourself: When you consider the finalists, judges, panelists, Nobel Laureates, and others walking the halls, there is no greater collection of brainpower in one place than Intel ISEF! So take advantage of this chance to listen and learn beyond your current focus areas. Remember, innovation doesn’t happen in a vacuum. 3. Beyond Doubt: Our world faces fundamental challenges, and it’s important to remember that the status quo defines only what hasn’t been discovered yet. The ideas that the Intel ISEF community will bring into existence through hard work and Welcome from Intel from Welcome collaboration will fundamentally change the world in ways that are impossible to imagine today. Think deeply about what impact your work can have on the planet, or just a single person. Believe in yourself. When you leave Intel ISEF, you will return home to forge ahead with your life’s work, but you will also be changed by your participation in this special event. This week of exploration, growth, and networking will stay with you for a lifetime. Finally, I want to express my gratitude to you for helping create this amazing experience, and to the many dedicated families, supporters and volunteers who make the event possible. Good luck, have fun, and THINK BEYOND. Rosalind Hudnell President, Intel Foundation Vice President, Human Resources and Director, Corporate Affairs Intel Corporation 2 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Society for Science & the Public Maya Ajmera President & CEO Publisher, Science News the Society from & the Public for Science Welcome Welcome to the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016! Last year, I had the pleasure of attending my very first Intel ISEF, and it was an amazing experience. I have no doubt that this year will be even more impressive. I look forward to meeting you – the top young innovators from around the world. I am very excited to hear more about your ideas and research. As a high school student that participated in science fairs, I know how important it is to spend time with your peers and experts in the field who are as interested in STEM as you are. You have a great opportunity to spend a week surrounded by other “science fair junkies.” I encourage you to take advantage of everything that Intel ISEF has to offer by learning from each other, making connections and developing lifelong friendships. Many Intel ISEF alumni stay in touch with one another, and may end up collaborating professionally later in life. And, of course, nearly $4 million in awards is up for grabs! On behalf of the Society, I congratulate you for being selected as Intel ISEF finalists. We look forward to getting to know you this week and keeping in touch as you move on to accomplish further educational and career goals. We also want to thank Intel for their continued sponsorship, the many additional organizations that have provided support and awards, the volunteers from Phoenix and throughout the country who make this event possible, as well as the many people that helped you get here – such as educators, parents, and mentors. I hope all of you have a wonderful time at Intel ISEF 2016! Sincerely, Maya Ajmera President & CEO Society for Science & the Public Publisher, Science News Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 3 State of Arizona Doug Ducey Governor Welcome from the Governor from Welcome 4 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 City of Phoenix Greg Stanton Mayor Welcome from the Mayor of Phoenix the Mayor from Welcome Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 5 Society for Science & the Public acknowledges with gratitude Intel Corporation and Intel Foundation for their support of the Intel ISEF 2016. In the last decade, Intel has invested more than $1 billion, and Intel employees have donated over four million volunteer hours, to improve education in more than 75 countries, regions and territories. Intel ISEF 2016 Title Sponsor ISEF 2016 Title Intel Intel is actively involved in education programs, advocacy and technology access to help tomorrow’s innovators. Intel is proud to serve as the title sponsor of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair through 2019. 6 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair 2016 Gordon E. Moore co-founded Intel Corporation in 1968, serving as president and CEO as well as Chairman of the Board before his retirement in 1997. With degrees in chemistry and physics from University of California, Berkeley (B.S.) and Caltech Award E. Moore Gordon (Ph.D.), Moore is widely known for “Moore’s Law,” the driving pulse of the semiconductor industry. He and his wife, Betty Moore, have created the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation and are among the world’s most generous philanthropists. He is widely admired for his technical leadership and his role as one of the creators of today’s Silicon Valley, as well as for his ongoing philanthropic role supporting
Recommended publications
  • K-12 Teachers
    Educators’ Leadership Academy Alumni – K-12 Teachers School/Organization Class Name Title Anadarko PS - Sunset Elementary 2002 Ms. Jamie Lynch Teacher Anadarko PS - Sunset Elementary 2003 Ms. Melissa Slezickey 1st Grade Teacher Anadarko PS - Sunset Elementary 2006 Ms. Becky Reasnor Teacher Ardmore Public Schools 2007 Ms. Teresa Milson Teacher Ardmore PS-Charles Evans Elem. 2000 Ms. Helen Wilson Teacher Ardmore PS-Charles Evans Elem. 2007 Ms. Ellen Patty Teacher/Coach Ardmore PS-Lincoln Elementary 2001 Ms. Marsha Rogers Teacher Ardmore PS-Will Rogers Elementary 2007 Ms. &Debra Fields Kindergarten Teacher Atoka PS - McCall Middle School 2003 Ms. Shelly Beck Teacher ASTEC Charter Middle School 2008 Ms. Karen Walker 6th Grade Earth Science Teacher Bartlesville High School 2000 Ms. Mitsuye Conover Teacher Bartlesville PS - High School 2005 Ms. Darla Tresner Journalism Advisor Bixby PS - Brassfield 5th & 6th Ctr. 2004 Ms. Patty Hausner 5th Grade Teacher Bixby PS - Brassfield 5th & 6th Ctr. 2007 Ms. Lori Barbour 6th Grade MathTeacher Bixby PS - Central Elementary 2004 Ms. Robin Cescon Art Specialist Bixby PS - Central Elementary 2007 Ms. Rosalyn Dittman Music Teacher Bixby PS - Central Elementary 2008 Ms. Terri Paxton 2nd Grade Teacher Bixby PS - Middle School 2005 Ms. Jean Bundy Teacher Bixby PS - Middle School 2008 Ms. Karen Stubbs 7th Grade Teacher Educators’ Leadership Academy Alumni – K-12 Teachers Bixby PS - High School 2004 Ms. Glenda Summerlin Math Teacher Bixby PS - High School 2007 Mr. Rowland Vernon EnglishTeacher Bixby PS - North Elementary 2004 Ms. Melissa Lytle Special Educ. Teacher Bixby PS - North Elementary 2008 Ms. Laurie Francis Gifted/Talented Coordinator Bixby PS - Middle School 2006 Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Oakley Police Department Incident Summary Report 07/29/18- 08/04/18
    Oakley Police Department Incident Summary Report 07/29/18- 08/04/18 Call No. Time 7/29/2018 P182100001 00:00 UTL * 415L LOITERING SNOWY EGRET WY/CRANE CT, OAK P182100011 00:15 UTL * SCIRC SUSPICIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE40 Block YULA WY, OAK P182100012 00:16 UTL * 415FWK FIREWORKS 60 Block PRESCOTT CR, OAK P182100013 00:16 UTL * PROM PROM SHOOT 1000 Block WARHOL WY, OAK P182100014 00:18 UTL * 602N TRESPASS W/ VEHICLE5600 Block MAIN ST, OAK P182100017 00:22 UTL * 911UNK 911 HANGUP 5300 Block ELM LN, OAK P182100045 01:12 UTL * SSUBJ SUSPICIOUS SUBJECT 10 Block PRESCOTT CR, OAK P182100047 01:14 CON * 1734 CIVIL 600 Block GINGHAM WY, OAK P182100048 01:13 UTL * SVEH SUSPICIOUS VEHICLE 6000 Block TAZETTA DR, OAK P182100061 01:38 * * 1033A ALARM AUDIBLE FREEDOM HIGH SCHOOL, OAK P182100070 01:50 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST BEST WESTERN P182100074 01:53 CON * 1059 SECURITY CHECK 10 Block 11 P182100075 01:55 STC * 1744 SERVICE TO CITIZEN No House Number P182100078 02:01 UTL * 1059 SECURITY CHECK LUCKYS P182100080 02:05 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST FRANDORAS CR P182100091 02:29 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST RALEYS P182100093 02:45 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST OAKLEY PLAZA P182100098 02:55 UNF * 415 DISTURBING THE PEACE2100 Block EL LAGO DR, OAK P182100101 03:01 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST LAUREL BALL FIELDS P182100103 03:03 STC * 1702 PATROL REQUEST CROCKET PARK P182100108 03:22 UTL * 1732 SUSP CIRCUMSTANCES900 Block ROSEMARY LN, OAK P182100119 03:47 ARR OA180001606 11377 UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSIONNORCROSS LN P182100122 03:50 STC * 1059 SECURITY CHECK 3400 Block MAIN STREET P182100123 03:54 UTL * 1059 SECURITY CHECK O HARA PARK MIDDLE SCHOOL Oakley Police Department Incident Summary Report 07/29/18 - 08/04/18 Call No.
    [Show full text]
  • Schools Receiving American Scientist Because of the 2019 Sigma Xi
    A B C 1 Schools Receiving American Scientist Because of the 2019 Sigma Xi Giving Tuesday Fundraiser 2 School Name City State 3 Alabama School of Mathematics and Science Mobile AL 4 Auburn High School Auburn AL 5 Calera High School Calera AL 6 Central High School Tuscaloosa AL 7 Creative Montessori Homewood AL 8 Enterprise High School Enterprise AL 9 Hoover High School Hoover AL 10 Hueytown High School Hueytown AL 11 Jackson-Olin High School Birmingham AL 12 James Clemens High School Madison City AL 13 Jefferson County International Bacculaureate Irondale AL 14 Jemison High School Huntsville AL 15 Lanier High School Montgomery AL 16 Montevallo High School Montevallo AL 17 Parker High School Birmingham AL 18 Paul W. Bryant High School Cottondale AL 19 Ramsay High School Birmingham AL 20 Reeltown High School Notasulga AL 21 The Altamont School Birmingham AL 22 Woodlawn High School Birmingham AL 23 Wp Davidson High School Mobile AL 24 Bergman High School Bergman AR 25 Clinton High School Clinton AR 26 Des Arc High School Des Arc AR 27 Green Forest High School Green Forest AR 28 Jacksonville High School Jacksonville AR 29 Mountain Home High School Mountain Home AR 30 Omaha High School Omaha AR 31 Pocahontas High School Dalton AR 32 Riverside High School Lake City AR 33 Sheridan High School Sheridan AR 34 Wynne High School Wynne AR 35 BASIS Phoenix Phoenix AZ 36 Blue Ridge High School Lakeside AZ 37 Cactus High School Glendale AZ 38 Campo Verde High School Gilbert AZ 39 Catalina Foothills High School Tucson AZ 40 Edge High School Himmel Park Tucson AZ 41 Edge High School NW Tucson AZ 42 Great Hearts Academies - Veritas Prep Phoenix AZ 43 Hamilton High School Chandler AZ 44 Independence HS Glendale AZ 45 Lake Havasu City High School Lake Havasu City AZ 46 Mesquite High School Gilbert AZ A B C 47 Show Low High School Show Low AZ 48 Veritas Preparatory Academy Phoenix AZ 49 American Heritage School Plantation FL 50 Apopka High School Apopka FL 51 Booker T.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
    NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Work of Guy Le Fevre De La
    A STUDY OF THE WORK OF GUY LE FEVRE DE LA BODERIE (1541-1598) by MAUREEN ANN CROMIE B.A., University of British Columbia, 1958 M.A., University of British Columbia, 1966 A THESIS SUMBITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of French We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1971 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree tha permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of French The University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Canada Date April 1971 ii ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to present an analysis of the work of a late French Renaissance poet and linguist, Guy Le Fevre de La Boderie. Considered as a Christian Kabbalist, he is placed in the con• text of the continuing Florentine Neo-Platonist syncretist tradition. The thematic content of his original works is studied, and the relationship of his translations to those works is established. La Boderie's use of symbolic imagery is shown to constitute a further indication of his adherence to the Neo-Platonist tradition. In conclusion, La Boderie is shown to have sought in the multiplicity of traditions cited by syncretizing Renaissance writers a proof of the unity of truth and the foundations for a universal harmony in his age of civil and religious discord.
    [Show full text]
  • Certified School List 01-18-2017.Xlsx
    Updated SEVP Certified Schools January 18, 2017 SCHOOL NAME CAMPUS NAME F M CITY ST CAMPUS ID "I Am" School Inc. "I Am" School Inc. Y N Mount Shasta CA 41789 ‐ A ‐ A F International School of Languages Inc. A F International College Y N Los Angeles CA 9538 A F International School of Languages Inc. A F International of Westlake Y N Westlake Village CA 57589 Village A. T. Still University of Health Sciences Kirksville Coll of Osteopathic Y N Kirksville MO 3606 Medicine Aaron School Aaron School Y N New York NY 114558 Aaron School Aaron School ‐ 30th Street Y N New York NY 159091 ABC Beauty Academy, INC. ABC Beauty Academy, INC. N Y Flushing NY 95879 ABC Beauty Academy, LLC ABC Beauty Academy N Y Richardson TX 50677 Abcott Institute Abcott Institute N Y Southfield MI 197890 Aberdeen School District 6‐1 Aberdeen Central High School Y N Aberdeen SD 36568 Abiding Savior Lutheran School Abiding Savior Lutheran School Y N Lake Forest CA 9920 Abilene Christian Schools Abilene Christian Schools Y N Abilene TX 8973 Abilene Christian University Abilene Christian University Y N Abilene TX 7498 Abington Friends School Abington Friends School Y N Jenkintown PA 20191 Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Tifton Campus Y N Tifton GA 6931 Abraham Joshua Heschel School Abraham Joshua Heschel School Y N New York NY 106824 ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Y Y New York NY 52401 School Abundant Life Christian School Abundant Life Christian School Y N Madison WI 24403 ABX Air, Inc. ABX Air, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • KING of the RING – Muay Thai Rules
    WIPU – World independent Promoters Union in association with worldwide promoters, specialized magazines & TV p r e s e n t s WORLD INDEPENDANT ORIENTAL PRO BOXING & MMA STAR RANKINGS OPEN SUPER HEAVYWEIGHT +105 kg ( +232 lbs ) KING OF THE RING – full Muay Thai rules 1. Semmy '' HIGH TOWER '' Schilt ( NL ) = 964 pts LLOYD VAN DAMS ( NL ) = 289 pts 2. Peter '' LUMBER JACK '' Aerts ( NL ) = 616 pts Venice ( ITA ), 29.05.2004. 3. Alistar Overeem ( NL ) = 524 pts KING OF THE RING – Shoot boxing rules 4. Jerome '' GERONIMO '' Lebanner ( FRA ) = 477 pts - 5. Alexei '' SCORPION '' Ignashov ( BLR ) = 409 pts KING OF THE RING – Thai boxing rules 6. Anderson '' Bradock '' Silva ( BRA ) = 344 pts TONY GREGORY ( FRA ) = 398 pts 7. '' MIGHTY MO '' Siligia ( USA ) = 310 pts Auckland ( NZ ), 09.02.2008. 8. Daniel Ghita ( ROM ) = 289 pts KING OF THE RING – Japanese/K1 rules 9. Alexandre Pitchkounov ( RUS ) = 236 pts - 10. Mladen Brestovac ( CRO ) = 232 pts KING OF THE RING – Oriental Kick rules 11. Bjorn '' THE ROCK '' Bregy ( CH ) = 231 pts STIPAN RADIĆ ( CRO ) = 264 pts 12. Konstantins Gluhovs ( LAT ) = 205 pts Johanesburg ( RSA ), 14.10.2006. 13. Rico Verhoeven ( NL ) = 182 pts Upcoming fights 14. Peter '' BIG CHIEF '' Graham ( AUS ) = 177 pts 15. Ben Edwards ( AUS ) = 161 pts 16. Patrice Quarteron ( FRA ) = 147 pts 17. Patrick Barry ( USA ) = 140 pts 18. Mark Hunt ( NZ ) = 115 pts 19. Paula Mataele ( NZ ) = 105 pts 20. Fabiano Goncalves ( BRA ) = 89 pts WIPU – World independent Promoters Union in association with worldwide promoters, specialized magazines & TV p r e s e n t s WORLD INDEPENDANT ORIENTAL PRO BOXING & MMA STAR RANKINGS HEAVYWEIGHT – 105 kg ( 232 lbs ) KING OF THE RING – full Muay Thai rules CHEIK KONGO (FRA) = 260 pts 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ACTINIDIACEAE 1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., Ed. 2, 439
    ACTINIDIACEAE 猕猴桃科 mi hou tao ke Li Jianqiang (李建强)1, Li Xinwei (李新伟)1; Djaja Djendoel Soejarto2 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly or long petiolate, not stipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual or plants polygamous or functionally dioecious, usually fascicled, cymose, or paniculate. Sepals (2 or 3 or)5, imbricate, rarely valvate. Petals (4 or)5, sometimes more, imbricate. Stamens 10 to numerous, distinct or adnate to base of petals, hypogynous; anthers 2- celled, versatile, dehiscing by apical pores or longitudinally. Ovary superior, disk absent, locules and carpels 3–5 or more; placentation axile; ovules anatropous with a single integument, 10 or more per locule; styles as many as carpels, distinct or connate (then only one style), generally persistent. Fruit a berry or leathery capsule. Seeds not arillate, with usually large embryos and abundant endosperm. Three genera and ca. 357 species: Asia and the Americas; three genera (one endemic) and 66 species (52 endemic) in China. Economically, kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) is an important fruit, which originated in central China and is especially common along the Yangtze River (well known as yang-tao). Now, it is widely cultivated throughout the world. For additional information see the paper by X. W. Li, J. Q. Li, and D. D. Soejarto (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 633–660. 2007). Liang Chou-fen, Chen Yong-chang & Wang Yu-sheng. 1984. Actinidiaceae (excluding Sladenia). In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 195–301, 309–334. 1a. Trees or shrubs; flowers bisexual or plants functionally dioecious .................................................................................. 3. Saurauia 1b.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Extraterrestrial Organic Matter Relevant to the Origin of Life on Earth?
    IS EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORGANIC MATTER RELEVANT TO THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH? D. C. B. WHITTET Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, U.S.A. (Received 19 August 1996) Abstract. I review the relative importance of internal and external sources of prebiotic molecules on Earth at the time of life's origin 3.7 Gyr ago. The ef®ciency of synthesis in the Earth's atmosphere was critically dependent on its oxidation state. If the early atmosphere was non-reducing and CO2- dominated, external delivery might have been the dominant source. Interplanetary dust grains and micrometeorites currently deliver carbonaceous matter to the Earth's surface at a rate of 3 5 7 10 kg/yr (equivalent to a biomass in 2 Gyr), but this may have been as high as 5 10 kg/yr (a biomass in only 10 Myr) during the epoch of late bombardment. Much of the incoming material is in the form of chemically inactive kerogens and amorphous carbon; but if the Earth once had a dense (10-bar) atmosphere, small comets rich in a variety of prebiotic molecules may have been suf®ciently air-braked to land non-destructively. Lingering uncertainties regarding the impact history of the Earth and the density and composition of its early atmosphere limit our ability to draw ®rm conclusions. 1. Introduction In at least one sense, a connection between the Universe at large and life in our small corner of it is inevitable. The hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements that make up our bodies and other living things were created billions of years ago in the interiors of stars and, in the case of hydrogen, in the the Big Bang itself (see Trimble, 1997, in this volume for an eloquent review).
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Cratering
    6 Impact cratering The dominant surface features of the Moon are approximately circular depressions, which may be designated by the general term craters … Solution of the origin of the lunar craters is fundamental to the unravel- ing of the history of the Moon and may shed much light on the history of the terrestrial planets as well. E. M. Shoemaker (1962) Impact craters are the dominant landform on the surface of the Moon, Mercury, and many satellites of the giant planets in the outer Solar System. The southern hemisphere of Mars is heavily affected by impact cratering. From a planetary perspective, the rarity or absence of impact craters on a planet’s surface is the exceptional state, one that needs further explanation, such as on the Earth, Io, or Europa. The process of impact cratering has touched every aspect of planetary evolution, from planetary accretion out of dust or planetesimals, to the course of biological evolution. The importance of impact cratering has been recognized only recently. E. M. Shoemaker (1928–1997), a geologist, was one of the irst to recognize the importance of this process and a major contributor to its elucidation. A few older geologists still resist the notion that important changes in the Earth’s structure and history are the consequences of extraterres- trial impact events. The decades of lunar and planetary exploration since 1970 have, how- ever, brought a new perspective into view, one in which it is clear that high-velocity impacts have, at one time or another, affected nearly every atom that is part of our planetary system.
    [Show full text]
  • Télécharger Et De L’Imprimer, Il Est Ont Été Accomplies
    n°60 février 2020 EDITO Bonjour à toutes et à tous Privilège de l’âge, les Aînés se sont retrouvés comme chaque début d’année autour d’un bon repas organisé par la municipalité et le CCAS. Entre les chansons et les danses, ils ont brillamment répondu à « Questions pour un(e) Hayard(e) »… Pour répondre aux questions que chacun se pose sur la biodiversité, vous pouvez participer aux Rencontres de l’Observatoire de la Biodiversité organisées par le Parc du Pilat le 8 février. L’environnement sera aussi d’actualité par la présence de la déchetterie mobile le samedi 15 février et l’opération « lutte contre les chenilles processionnaires » dans le courant du mois. Bonne lecture Danielle Vachon AGENDA FEVRIER Dimanche 2 : Fête de la Chandeleur : Faites sauter les crêpes ! Mercredi 5 de 14h à 16h sans RV : Permanence SOLIHA à la mairie d'Echalas, renseignement gratuit sur les aides à l'amélioration de l'habitat (Tél. 04.37.28.70.20) Mercredi 5 de 14h à 16h : Permanence gratuite de l'architecte conseil du Parc du Pilat à Condrieu (Bâtiment les Eclats face à la mairie /chaque 1er mercredi du mois) Tél : 04.74.87.52.01 Vendredi 7 de 16h30 à 19h : Accueil libre des Anim Jeunes aux Haies (salle du haut) Tel : 04.87.59.00.01 Samedi 8 : Rencontres de la biodiversité du Parc du Pilat (salle du Fautre à Trèves), ateliers gratuits ouverts à tous (sur inscription) Samedi 8 : Stage de boxe au Fautre Vendredi 14 de 18h à 21h : Crêpes party des Anim Jeunes aux Haies (salle du haut) Samedi 15 de 9h à 15h : Déchetterie mobile (parking du cimetière) Dimanche
    [Show full text]