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Bangsa Mongol) Terhadap PERANAN DINASTI ILKHAN (BANGSA MONGOL) TERHADAP PERADABAN ISLAM PASCA KEHANCURAN DINASTI ABBASIYAH DI BAGHDAD TAHUN 1258-1343 M Tesis Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Master dalam Bidang Sejarah Dan Kebudayaan Islam Pada Program Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh: SURYANTI 80100213054 PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR 2015/2016 PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS Dengan penuh kesadaran, penyusun yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini menyatakan bahwa Tesis ini benar adalah hasil karya penyusun sendiri. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa Ia merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat, atau dibuat oleh orang lain, sebagian atau seluruhnya, maka Tesis dan gelar yang diperoleh karenanya batal demi hukum. Makassar, 2015 Penyusun, SURYANTI NIM: 80100213054 ii PENGESAHAN TESIS Tesis dengan judul “{Peranan Dinasti Ilkhan (Bangsa Mongol) Terhadap Peradaban Islma Pasca Kehancuran Dinasti Abbasiyah di Baghdad Tahun 1258-1343 M}”, yang disusun oleh Saudara/i {SURYANTI} NIM: {80100213054}, telah diujikan dan dipertahankan dalam Sidang Ujian Munaqasyah yang diselenggarakan pada hari Rabu 11 November 2015 M bertepatan dengan tanggal 29 Muharram 1437 H, dinyatakan telah dapat diterima sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister dalam bidang {Sejarah Peradaban Islam} pada Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar. PROMOTOR: 1. {Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Rahim Yunus, M.A } ( ) KOPROMOTOR: 1. {Dr. Hj. Syamzan Syukur, M.Ag } ( ) PENGUJI: 1. {Prof. Dr. Hj. Syamsudduha Saleh, M.Ag } ( ) 2. {Dr. Hj. Muliaty Amin, M.Ag } ( ) 3. { Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Rahim Yunus, M.A } ( ) 4. { Dr. Hj. Syamzan Syukur, M.Ag } ( ) Makassar, 14 Desember 2015 Diketahui oleh: Direktur Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. H. Ali Parman, M.A. NIP. 19570414 198603 1 003 KATA PENGANTAR . 1. Puji syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah swt. Berkat rahmat, taufiq, dan hidayahnya, serta salawat dan salam teruntuk Nabi sepanjang zaman, Nabi Muhammad saw. yang telah membawa kita dari alam jahiliyah menuju alam terang benderang. Wahai rahmat seluruh alam, cinta padamu adalah keutamaan dan perjumpaan denganmu adalah anugerah. Penghormatan yang sebesar- besarnnya kepada Kedua orag tua, Ayahanda H. Harisa, Ibunda Hj. Nurhana, dan saudara (i) penulis tercinta yang senantiasa ikhlas dan sabar dalam memberikan segala bentuk fasilitas yang dibutuhkan serta iringan do’a dan harapan, Atas ridha dan doa yang disertai dengan usaha semaksimal mungkin sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya ilmia ini dalam bentuk tesis dengan judul “Peranan Dinasti Ilkhan (Bangsa Mongol) Terhadap Peradaban Islam Pasca Kehancuran Dinasti Abbasiyah Di Baghdad” penyusunan Tesis ini merupakan salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar Master Humaniora prodi Sejarah Peradaban Islam pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar. Sehubungan dengan ini, penulis telah banyak mendapat bantuan, motivasi dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Betapa besar bantuan yang datang dari berbagai pihak sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tesis ini. Oleh karena itu penulis merasa sangat berterima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada: 2. Bapak Prof. Dr. H. Musafir Pababbari, M.Si., sebagai Rektor UIN Alauddin Makassar, serta para wakil Rektor dan seluruh stafnya. v 3. Bapak Prof. Dr. H. Ali Parman, M.A., sebagai direktur Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar. 4. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ahmad Sewang, M.Ag., sebagai pengelolah jurusan Dirasah Islamiyah yang telah banyak membantu dalam pengurusan administrasi jurusan. 5. Bapak Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Rahim Yunus, M.A., sebagai promotor dan ibu Dr. Hj. Syamzan Syukur, M.Ag., sebagai kopromotor yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan, dan bersedia menyisihkan sebagian waktunya yang sangat berharga untuk membimbing dan mengarahkan penulis dalam menyelesaikan Tesis ini. 6. Bapak Dr. Hj. Syamsudduha Saleh, M.Ag. Selaku penguji pertama dan Dr. Hj. Muliati Amin, M.Ag. selaku penguji kedua, yang telah memberikan kritikan, masukan dan saran dalam penulisan tesis. 7. Bapak / Ibu Dosen dan segenap karyawan Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar yang telah memberikan bantuan pelayanan dalam penyelesaian studi pada Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin Makassar. 8. Seluruh dosen UIN Alauddin Makassar terimakasih atas bantuan dan bekal disiplin ilmu pengetahuan selama menimba ilmu di bangku kuliah, 9. Rekan seperjuangan Lidya Megawati, Muhammad Husni, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Iqbal, Chaerul Munzir, NurAisyah, nuzha Yang telah menjalani aktifitas perkuliahan dengan penuh kebersamaan serta memberika motivasi kepada penulis. 10. Sekali lagi terimakasih terhadap semua pihak yang telah berpartisifasi dalam proses penyusunan Tesis ini, penulis sangat-sangat mengucapkan terima kasih, semoga jasa-jasa baik dan bantuan dari semua pihak mendapatkan imbalan pahala yang berlipat, dan semoga Tesis ini bermanfaat adanya untuk almamater, vi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, agama, masyarakat dan bangsa Indonesia. Semoga Ridha Allah swt. senantiasa menyertai kita. Amiiin. Wassalam Makassar, 2015 M Penulis Suryanti 80100213054 vii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS .............................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. iv DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ viii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................. 1 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah ....................................................... 10 C. Definisi Operasional dan Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ...................... 10 D. Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................. 14 E. Kerangka Teori ................................................................................ 16 F. Metode Penelitian ............................................................................ 20 G. Tujuan dan Kegunaan ..................................................................... 22 H. Garis-garis Besar Isi Tesis ............................................................... 22 BAB II SITUASI PEMERINTAHAN DINASTI ABBASIYYAH MENJELANG KEHADIRAN BANGSA MONGOL...................... 25 A. Kelemahan politik Dinasti Abbasiyah ............................................ 25 B. Kelemahan dalam Bidang Ekonomi .......................... .................... 36 C. Kelemahan Bidang Intelektual ........................................................ 39 viii BAB III SERANGAN BANGSA MONGOL KE DUNIA ISLAM........... 44 A. Asal Usul Bangsa Mongol .......................................................... 44 B. Penyerangan Jengis Khan ........................................................... 49 C. Penyerangan Hulagu Khan .......................................................... 58 D. Keberhasilan Bangsa Mongol dalam Menaklukkan Dinasti Abbasiyah di Baghdad ...................................................................... 62 1. Strategi Perang ......................................................................... 62 2. Kesetiakawanan yang Sejati ..................................................... 67 3. Sikap dan Watak Keras ............................................................ 69 BAB IV PRADABAN ISLAM DIBAWAH PEMERINTAHAN DINASTI ILKHAN (BANGSA MONGOL) ................................. 74 A. Latar belakang Lahirnya Dinasti Ilkhan ............................ 74 B. Hubungan Penguasa Dinasti Ilkhan dengan Masyarakat Islam .... 80 C. Kebijaka-Kebijakan Dinasti Ilkhan Terhadap Ummat Islam........ 94 a. Kebijakan Pemerintahan ......................................................... 94 b. Kebijakan dalam Bidang Sosial dan Agama ........................... 99 c. Kebijakan dalam Bidang Ilmu dan Peradaban ....................... 108 BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 116 A. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 116 B. Implikasi .......................................................................................... 121 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 122 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................. 125 ix ABSTRAK Nama : Suryanti Nim : 80100213054 Judul Tesis : Peranan Dinasti Ilkhan (Bangsa Mongol) Terhadap Peradaban Islam Pasca Kehancuran Dinasti Abbasiyah di Baghdad Tahun 1258-1343 M Tesis ini membahas tentang peranan Dinasti Ilkhan terhadap perkembangan peradaban Islam pasca kehancuran Dinasti Abbasiyah di Baghdad. Pokok permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peranan Dinasti Ilkhan (Bangsa Mongol) terhadap perkembangan peradaban Islam pasca kehancuran dinasti Abbasiyah di Baghdad. Adapun sub masalahnya yaitu: 1). Bagaimana bentuk ekspansi bangsa Mongol ke dunia Islam?, 2). Bagaimana kondisi dunia Islam dibawah pemerintahan Dinasti Ilkhan (bangsa Mongol)?, 3). Bagaimana perkembangan peradaban Islam di tangan bangsa Mongol terutama pada masa kepemimpinan Gazana Khan sehingga menjadikan kerajaan
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