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Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds: a Way to Recover A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS: A WAY TO RECOVER A HAZARDOUS WASTE IN THE ALUMINIUM TERTIARY INDUSTRY R. Galindoa, A. López-Delgadoa*, I. Padillaa and M. Yatesb aNational Centre for Metallurgical Research, CSIC. Avda./ Gregorio del Amo, 8. 28040 Madrid, Spain bInstitute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC. C./ Marie Curie, 2. 28049 Madrid, Spain *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: [email protected] Abstract Magnesium-aluminium hydrotalcite-like compounds at ratios of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 were prepared using a non-conventional aluminium source, the hazardous wastes from the aluminium tertiary industry. The method consisted in a conventional coprecipitation at constant pH 10 with magnesium chloride hexahydrate and stable solutions of Al3+ from dispersions of the fine powder from the sleeve filter suction system in the aluminium slag milling process. Resulting materials were strongly dependent on the presence of iron in the layers, as well as the carbonate-chloride content in the interlayer which affected the final properties. XRD and SAED indicated low crystallinity for these materials. Furthermore, as can be seen by SEM, the formation of disordered tiny nuclei was significant causing small spherical agglomerates. The infrared spectra showed a change of symmetry in the interlayer for the different ratios and the textural data suggested the “ink-bottle shaped” mesopores and type IIb isotherms, similar to the 1 results obtained for pillared clays, and the transition to H2 type in the hysteresis loops as function of the higher ratio. -
Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
The Anjahamiary Pegmatite, Fort Dauphin Area, Madagascar
The Anjahamiary pegmatite, Fort Dauphin area, Madagascar Federico Pezzotta* & Marc Jobin** * Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano, Italy. ** SOMEMA, BP 6018, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. E-mail:<[email protected]> 21 February, 2003 INTRODUCTION Madagascar is among the most important areas in the world for the production, mainly in the past, of tourmaline (elbaite and liddicoatite) gemstones and mineral specimens. A large literature database documents the presence of a number of pegmatites rich in elbaite and liddicoatite. The pegmatites are mainly concentrated in central Madagascar, in a region including, from north to south, the areas of Tsiroanomandidy, Itasy, Antsirabe-Betafo, Ambositra, Ambatofinandrahana, Mandosonoro, Ikalamavony, Fenoarivo and Fianarantsoa (e.g. Pezzotta, 2001). In general, outside this large area, elbaite-liddicoatite-bearing pegmatites are rare and only minor discoveries have been made in the past. Nevertheless, some recent work made by the Malagasy company SOMEMEA, discovered a great potential for elbaite-liddicoatite gemstones and mineral specimens in a large, unusual pegmatite (the Anjahamiary pegmatite), hosted in high- metamorphic terrains. The Anjahamiary pegmatite lies in the Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) area, close to the southern coast of Madagascar. This paper reports a general description of this locality, and some preliminary results of the analytical studies of the accessory minerals collected at the mine. Among the most important analytical results is the presence of gemmy blue liddicoatite crystals with a very high Ca content, indicating the presence in this tourmaline crystal of composition near the liddicoatite end-member. LOCATION AND ACCESS The Anjahamiary pegmatite is located about 70 km NW of the town of Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) (Fig. -
The New IMA List of Gem Materials – a Work in Progress – Updated: July 2018
The New IMA List of Gem Materials – A Work in Progress – Updated: July 2018 In the following pages of this document a comprehensive list of gem materials is presented. The list is distributed (for terms and conditions see below) via the web site of the Commission on Gem Materials of the International Mineralogical Association. The list will be updated on a regular basis. Mineral names and formulae are from the IMA List of Minerals: http://nrmima.nrm.se//IMA_Master_List_%282016-07%29.pdf. Where there is a discrepancy the IMA List of Minerals will take precedence. Explanation of column headings: IMA status: A = approved (it applies to minerals approved after the establishment of the IMA in 1958); G = grandfathered (it applies to minerals discovered before the birth of IMA, and generally considered as valid species); Rd = redefined (it applies to existing minerals which were redefined during the IMA era); Rn = renamed (it applies to existing minerals which were renamed during the IMA era); Q = questionable (it applies to poorly characterized minerals, whose validity could be doubtful). Gem material name: minerals are normal text; non-minerals are bold; rocks are all caps; organics and glasses are italicized. Caveat (IMPORTANT): inevitably there will be mistakes in a list of this type. We will be grateful to all those who will point out errors of any kind, including typos. Please email your corrections to [email protected]. Acknowledgments: The following persons, listed in alphabetic order, gave their contribution to the building and the update of the IMA List of Minerals: Vladimir Bermanec, Emmanuel Fritsch, Lee A. -
Sussexite Mn2+BO2(OH)
2+ Sussexite Mn BO2(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. As bladed acicular crystals, to 7 mm; cross-vein or radial fibrous, in felted or matted aggregates, nodular. Twinning: Submicroscopic twinning on {100} which cannot be resolved optically. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Inflexible. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = 3.30 D(calc.) = 3.335 Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: White to buff, straw-yellow, pale pink; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Silky, dull, earthy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: Parallel extinction; X = elongation; Z ⊥ flattening. Dispersion: r> v. α= 1.670 β = 1.728 γ = 1.732 2V(meas.) = ∼25◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/a. a = 12.866(3) b = 10.718(2) c = 3.287(1) β =94.75(3)◦ Z=8 X-ray Powder Pattern: N’chwaning II mine, South Africa. 6.43 (10), 2.773 (7), 3.34 (6), 2.632 (6), 2.494 (6), 2.741 (5), 2.694 (5) Chemistry: (1) (3) B2O3 30.52 30.33 FeO 0.16 MnO 49.40 61.82 MgO 9.56 CaO 2.03 H2O 8.33 7.85 Total [100.00] 100.00 (1) Franklin, New Jersey, USA; recalculated to 100% after deduction of willemite 4.5%. (2) N’chwaning II mine, South Africa; by electron microprobe, analysis not given; stated to correspond to (Mn0.95Mg0.05)Σ=1.00BO2(OH). (3) MnBO2(OH). Polymorphism & Series: Forms a series with szaib´elyite. Occurrence: A rare hydrothermal mineral typically in veinlets in boron-bearing metamorphosed Mn–Fe–Zn deposits. -
Minerals of the Hydrotalcite Group in Metasomatically Altered Carbonate Rocks from Zawiercie, S Poland
MINERALOGIA POLONICA Vol. 32, No 1, 2001 PL ISSSN 0032-6267 Ewa KOSZOWSKA1, Dorota SAŁATA1 MINERALS OF THE HYDROTALCITE GROUP IN METASOMATICALLY ALTERED CARBONATE ROCKS FROM ZAWIERCIE, S POLAND A b s t a c t . Minerals of the hydrotalcite-manasseite group were identified in samples from two borehols in Zawiercie (ZMZ-9, RK-1). The minerals were found in calciphire bodies (RK-1) and in one small, metasomatic veinlet (ZMZ-9) formed in Middle Devonian dolomites. Alteration of dolomitic sediments was genetically connected with infiltration fluids that caused formation of a gamet-pyroxene skam. Inves tigations have revealed the presence of both hydrotalcite and manasseite. Besides, in few places of the veinlet there occurs a mineral, which has been recognized as iowaite. Key-words: hydrotalcite-manasseite group, calciphires, ska ms, metasomatic veins, Zawiercie, S Poland INTRODUCTION The hydrotalcite group minerals belong to a large group of natural and synthetic dihydroxides named also as "layered double hydroxides" or "anionic clays". Their general formula can be written as: M |2XM (0 H)2 (Am“)x/mn H 2 0 (where M+2, M +3 are cations in the hydroxide layers and Am_ is the interlayer anion) and is based on positively charged brucite-like layers with C 03-like anions and water molecules in interlayer positions (Drits et al. 1987) (Fig. la). Within the group, depending on the composition of the octahedral brucite-type cationic layers, three subgroups can be distinguished in which the cations are: a) M g +2 + Al+3, b) Mg +2 + Fe+3 , c) M g + 2 + C r+3. -
The Picking Table Volume 27, No. 1 – Spring 1986
TABLE JOURNAL of the FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURG MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. SPRING. 1986 VOLUME 27, NO.l The contents of The Picking Table are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. F.QM.S. Notes prise a spectacular fluorescent display. For PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE years the Gerstmann Mineral Museum has displayed the collection for the delight and With the melting of the snow, the rocks of education of amateur and professional mineralo- the Buckwheat Dump emerge from their white gists alike. The Franklin Mineral Museum mantle, and the seismic tremors rumble through is most grateful to Arthur and Harriet Mitteldorf the souls of the collector community. Whatever for this most generous donation and to Ewald Spring may mean to the average mortal, to Gerstmann for its accumulation and for his FOMS members it brings a special appeal to sponsorship of the Franklin Mineral Museum dig in the dirt, not to plant, but to explore as the recipient. Transfer of the collection again the crystalline mysteries of Nature. will be effected as soon as suitable space is available to house it. Let us not lose sight of the fact that we are a community, however widespread, dedicated JLB to a great common interest and purpose: the expansion and preservation of knowledge about the world's most remarkable mineral location. ABOUT THE COVER SKETCH Like all great enterprises, this demands the efforts and participation of many. To the Located Sphalerite Occurrences—Franklin Mine extent that we share our knowledge, our time, and our interest with each other and the world, It is suggested that you refer to this hand Franklin lives. -
MINERALS and MINERAL VARIETIES from METAMORPHOSED Mn DEPOSITS of BISTRITA MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA
Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series 1, Szeged, 2003 MINERALS AND MINERAL VARIETIES FROM METAMORPHOSED Mn DEPOSITS OF BISTRITA MOUNTAINS, ROMANIA HÎRTOPANU, P.1 & SCOTT, P.2 1 Geological Institute of Romania, Caransebeş 1, RO-78344 Bucharest, Romania. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Camborne School of Mines, Redruth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The Bistrita Mountains belong to the Crystalline Meso- mation of some amphiboles and some pyroxenes into other zoic Zone of the East Carpathians, which consists of super- phases, there are drastical transformations of pyroxenes into posed Variscan and Alpine Nappes, overthrusted eastwards pyroxenoids (johannsenite into rhodonite), pyroxenoids into over the Flysch Zone. The manganese ore is contained by pyroxenoids (pyroxmangite into rhodonite), pyroxmangite Tulghes Group (Tg2 level) of the Variscan Putna Nappe, into manganogrunerite, garnets into garnets (spessartine- situated over the Pietrosu Bistritei Nappe and supporting the calderite into spessartine, spessartine into anisotropic spes- thrusting of the Rebra Nappe. All these Variscan nappes sartine-andradite-grossular), calderite into pyroxmangite- constitute the Alpine Sub-Bucovinian Nappe localised be- magnetite, etc. are the best evidences of continuous variation tween Alpine Infrabucovinian Nappe in the East and the of formation conditions. Alpine Bucovinian Nappe in the West. The Mn ore have a predominant carbonate rather than The mineralogy of Mn metamorphosed deposits from silicate mineralogical composition, which means a great CO2 Bistrita Mts. includes 328 minerals and mineral varieties. fluid control in the carbonation and dehydration processes They may count among the mineralogically the most com- along the many stages of the whole history of the ore and the plex deposits of the world. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. -
Trona Na3(CO3)(HCO3) • 2H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Trona Na3(CO3)(HCO3) • 2H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals are dominated by {001}, {100}, flattened on {001} and elongated on [010], with minor {201}, {301}, {211}, {211}, {411},to 10 cm; may be fibrous or columnar massive, as rosettelike aggregates. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {100}, perfect; {211} and {001}, interrupted. Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Hardness = 2.5–3 D(meas.) = 2.11 D(calc.) = 2.124 Soluble in H2O, alkaline taste; may fluoresce under SW UV. Optical Properties: Translucent. Color: Colorless, gray, pale yellow, brown; colorless in transmitted light. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: X = b; Z ∧ c =83◦. Dispersion: r< v; strong. α = 1.412–1.417 β = 1.492–1.494 γ = 1.540–1.543 2V(meas.) = 76◦160 2V(calc.) = 74◦ Cell Data: Space Group: I2/a. a = 20.4218(9) b = 3.4913(1) c = 10.3326(6) β = 106.452(4)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Sweetwater Co., Wyoming, USA. 2.647 (100), 3.071 (80), 4.892 (55), 9.77 (45), 2.444 (30), 2.254 (30), 2.029 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) CO2 38.13 38.94 SO3 0.70 Na2O 41.00 41.13 Cl 0.19 H2O 20.07 19.93 insol. 0.02 −O=Cl2 0.04 Total 100.07 100.00 • (1) Owens Lake, California, USA; average of several analyses. (2) Na3(CO3)(HCO3) 2H2O. Occurrence: Deposited from saline lakes and along river banks as efflorescences in arid climates; rarely from fumarolic action. Association: Natron, thermonatrite, halite, glauberite, th´enardite,mirabilite, gypsum (alkali lakes); shortite, northupite, bradleyite, pirssonite (Green River Formation, Wyoming, USA). -
Minerals Named After Scientists
Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Minerals.pdf 1 MINERALS NAMED AFTER PEOPLE AND PLACES © Dr. John Andraos, 2003-2011 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ PEOPLE MINERAL PERSON OR PLACE DESCRIPTION Abelsonite ABELSON, Philip Hauge (1913 - ?) geochemist Abenakiite ABENAKI people, Quebec, Canada Abernathyite ABERNATHY, Jess Mine operator American, b. ? Abswurmbachite ABS-WURMBACH, IRMGARD (1938 - ) mineralogist German, b. ? Adamite ADAM, Gilbert Joseph Zn3(AsO3)2 H2O (1795 - 1881) mineralogist French, b. ? Aegirine AEGIR, Scandinavian god of the sea Afwillite WILLIAMS, Alpheus Fuller (1874 - ?) mine operator DeBeers Consolidated Mines, Kimberley, South Africa Agrellite AGRELL, Stuart O. (? - 1996) mineralogist British, b. ? Agrinierite AGRINIER, Henri (1928 - 1971) mineralogist French, b. ? Aguilarite AGUILAR, P. Superintendent of San Carlos mine, Guanajuato, Mexico Mexican, b. ? Aikenite 2 PbS Cu2S Bi2S5 Andersonite ANDERSON, Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Minerals.pdf 2 Andradite ANDRADA e Silva, Jose B. Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 de (? - 1838) geologist Brazilian, b. ? Arfvedsonite ARFVEDSON, Johann August (1792 - 1841) Swedish, b. Skagerholms- Bruk, Skaraborgs-Län, Sweden Arrhenite ARRHENIUS, Svante Silico-tantalate of Y, Ce, Zr, (1859 - 1927) Al, Fe, Ca, Be Swedish, b. Wijk, near Uppsala, Sweden Avogardrite AVOGADRO, Lorenzo KBF4, CsBF4 Romano Amedeo Carlo (1776 - 1856) Italian, b. Turin, Italy Babingtonite (Ca, Fe, Mn)SiO3 Fe2(SiO3)3 Becquerelite BECQUEREL, Antoine 4 UO3 7 H2O Henri César (1852 - 1908) French b. Paris, France Berzelianite BERZELIUS, Jöns Jakob Cu2Se (1779 - 1848) Swedish, b. -
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American Mineralogist, Volume 77, pages 670475, 1992 NEW MINERAL NAMES* JonN L. J,Annson CANMET, 555 Booth Street,Ottawa, Ontario KIA OGl' Canada Abswurmbachite* rutile, hollandite, and manganoan cuprian clinochlore. The new name is for Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, in recog- T. Reinecke,E. Tillmanns, H.-J. Bernhardt (1991)Abs- her contribution to the crystal chemistry, sta- wurmbachite, Cu'?*Mnl*[O8/SiOo],a new mineral of nition of physical properties ofbraunite. Type the braunite group: Natural occurrence,synthesis, and bility relations, and crystal structure.Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Abh., 163,ll7- material is in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, r43. DC, and in the Institut fiir Mineralogie, Ruhr-Universitlit Bochum, Germany. J.L.J. The new mineral and cuprian braunit€ occur in brown- ish red piemontite-sursassitequartzites at Mount Ochi, near Karystos, Evvia, Greece, and in similar quartzites on the Vasilikon mountains near Apikia, Andros Island, Barstowite* Greece.An electron microprobe analysis (Andros mate- C.J. Stanley,G.C. Jones,A.D. Hart (1991) Barstowite, gave SiO, 9.8, TiO, rial; one of six for both localities) 3PbClr'PbCOr'HrO, a new mineral from BoundsClifl 0.61,Al,O3 0.60, Fe'O, 3.0,MnrO. 71.3,MgO 0.04,CuO St. Endellion,Cornwall. Mineral. Mag., 55, l2l-125. 12.5, sum 97.85 wto/o,corresponding to (CuStrMn3tu- Electron microprobe and CHN analysis gavePb75.47, Mgoo,)", oo(Mn3jrFe|jrAlo orTif.[nCuStr)", nrSi' o, for eight (calc.)6.03, sum 101.46wto/o, cations,ideally CuMnuSiO'r, the Cu analogueof braunite. Cl 18.67,C l.Iz,H 0.18,O to Pb.orClrrrCr.or- The range of Cu2* substitution for Mn2' is 0-42 molo/oin which for 17 atoms corresponds The min- cuprian braunite and 52-93 molo/oin abswurmbachite.