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Home , Greenalite, Hydrotalcite, Leucophoenicite, List of minerals, Shortite, Warwickite

Mineral Index

achtenskite 138 caswellsilverite 34 205, 213 cathierite 313 79, 86, 256, 407, 432 celadonite- 130 alexandri te 519 cerussi te 409 193 chalcophanite 207 ambligonite-montebrasite 346 403, 404 467 chlorites 30, 98, 115, 124, 125, 129 13, 14, 30, 79, 204, 211, 346 160,428 131 512, 518 118 clay 93, 139, 213, 505 andalusite 10, 428 c1inohumite 16 195 c1inojimthomsonite 211~212 anorthite 133, 135, 206, 256, 378~379, 432 9 antophyllite 204, 212, 213 307, 424, 480 33, 141, 196,221,233,512 coronadite 102, 206 409 corrensite 125, 131 403, 512 118, 353, 364, 433, 512, 517, asbolane-buserite 139 526,527 116, 117 136, 206, 300, 302, 307, 480 cronstedtite 333 261 325 barite 187, 195 cryptomelane 102, 207 bayerite 121 125, 216 beriinite 385,512,515,516 berthierite 129 danburite 324 428 davidite 9 9, 221, 227, 228, 232, 428, 515 10, 116, 174, 221, 232, 364~365, 207 432, 434, 482, 500, 512, 521~526 322 102, 322 borates 29, 57, 110, 159, 325 93 brezianite 34 8, 33, 82, 86, 89, 432 bromellite 428 96, 322 euclase 428 eucriptite 400~401 187, 195,235,409,425,432,512 calomel 518 136, 354, 397 195 8, 30, 79, 185, 189, 192~ 194, 206, cannizzarite 100, 216 261, 367, 399, 496, 500, 505 carbon polymorphs 117 ferrosilite 136, 137 carbonates 29, 30, 124, 139, 195, 231, 325, 72, 160, 196, 209, 210, 233, 364, 505 432, 512, 517~519 carisbergite 34 frankeite 100, 216 carnegieite 399 102, 425 gadolinite 143 542 Index 403,404,488, 512 99 14, 89, 355, 427, 512, 516 202,438,441,450,467, 501 110, 121 magnesiowiistite 170, 203, 393 131,407 409 102, 203, 507 136, 202, 203, 261, 333, 397, 10, 124, 432 437, 450, 457, 461, 467, 501 139 manasseite 96 136 mandarinoite 343-344 groutite 102 manjiroite 102, 207 313 halides 78, 195,409 metahalloysite 139 heideite 34 30, 79, 107, 112, 113, 121, 212, 346, 75, 136, 202, 438, 442-444, 450, 496, 505 457, 467, 501, 512 144-145 hilgardite 110 minessotaite 139 histidine 97 8, 13, 111, 121,312,403,404, hollandite 93, 102-105, 206, 207, 266, 399 512 204, 407 407 humite 115, 214 montroseite 102 96, 97 9 hydroxides 29, 95, 124, 322 mullite 93, 208, 209 hysingerite 139 205, 432 131,206 66-68 illite-smectite 125, 128, 131, 139 13, 93, 256, 496, 500 16, 355, 427, 438, 450, 467, 512 143 ilvaite 136, 137, 333 niningerite 34 inkaite 100 161 nordstrandite 110 340 104, 139 jimthomsonite 211-212 34 kamacite- 33 13, 30, 32, 89, 115, 143, 161, 170, 107, 121, 124, 303, 407 171, 173,214,354,366,385,392,407 kaolinite-smectite 125, 130 - 89, 354, 425-427 karelianite 75 407 keatite 480 256,407,432 kentrolite 151 osbornite 34 kimrite 93 409 koeninite 98, 99 34 101, 115, 116 381 paratellurite 102, 512, 518 kupletskite 9 pentIandite 465 428 353, 423, 512 71, 83, 122, 161, 170, 209, 215, laihunite 333 266,355,393,399,427,512 langbanite 151,401 phenacite 195 laueite 150 phosphates 29, 30 131 phyllomanganates 207 lawrensite 34 phyllosilicates 112, 113, 132 195 picroilmenite 455 lechatelierite 480 pinnolite 324 leucite 136 32, 33, 93 115 102 lilliani te 14 potosite 100 limonite 138 priderite 102, 207 lizardite 303, 305 protoenstatite 118 116 93, 512, 518, 520 Mineral Index 543 pseudowollastonite 118 221, 229, 230, 232, 503, 512 118 stanosulite 121, 512, 515 pyrargirite 520 steenstrupine 2 13,313-315,367,403-405,512 116 pyroaurite 96 73, 102, 424 pyrochlore 121, 399 stringhamite 342, 343 102, 105 sulfates 29, 30, 159, 195, 324, 505 432 sulfides 29, 78, 95, 136, 156,406 112, 205, 303, 433 sulfosalts 14, 29, 159, 215, 216 pyrosmalite 116, 117 sulvanite 516 14, 30, 32, 79, 83, 89, 118, 119, s ursassi te 118 158, 159, 170, 204, 211, 261, 355, 367, 380 368, 385, 399 synchisite-bastnaesite 382 86 13, 93, 173, 201, 202, 383, 444, 112, 205, 303 447, 457, 465, 467, 512 - 501 tellurides 29, 78 79,93, 133, 135, 189-192,221, 316-318 228-230, 232, 233, 261, 297, 302, 307, 135, 143, 382 364,367,375,381-388,407,424,428, titanomaghemite 203,441 432,433,480,496,505,512,515,517, titanomagnetite 438,449, 457, 461 520, 526, 527 tobelite 340 tochilinite 98, 99, 105, 125, 139 221, 226, 227, 232 ramsdellite 102, 103 tosudite 125 rectorite 125 195, 515 409 tridimite 13,93, 206, 262, 480 rhomboclase 340 33 romanechite 102, 103, 104 tysonite 399 519, 527 86, 102, 103, 118, 174, 214, 215, 261, ulvospinel 438, 450, 461, 465, 467 424, 425, 512 209-210 samarskite 9 vaesite 313 234, 369 valleriite 98, 99, 139 517, 527 207 119, 121,434 vernadite 138 195 195,500,502,503,512,520 151 496, 520 wermlandite 97, 98 selenides 29, 78 520 sellaite 517 407, 409 101 wohlerite 151 serpentine 30, 97, 107, 115 118 silica polymorphs 206 wonesite 205 silicates 29,30, 71, 78, 95, 124, 157,307, wiistite 203, 204, 206, 512 308,406 111, 379 carbide 106, 119, 120 sillenite 512 9, 71, 101, 121, 207, 208, 512, sinoite 34 528-538 sjogrenite 96 121 smectites 124, 139, 206, 207 33, 141-143, 194 195,407,512,520 121, 141, 266 14, 15, 111, 380, 512 118, 119 spinel 13,32,202,353,397,512,517 116 Subject Index

actinides in silicate glasses oxyanions 322-324 Np-237 M6ssbauer spectroscopy 267 semi-empirical methods 287-288 neptunyl groups 268 silicates 297 Pu4 + 268 sulfides 310 tetrahedrite structure 316-318 band structure classification crystobalite 300 combinatorial 153 pyrite series 315 concept of structural units 161 silicates 302-304 counting theory 164-166 single-layer Iizardite 305 hierarchy 148-153 biominerals 437 multivariate methods 18 biopyriboles 14, 115, 139, 211-213 natural and artificial 153 bond lengths classification of inorganic structures computer program 59 160-163 electrostatic valence rule 58 structure types 160 in borates 57 structure units 161 in silicates 59 classification of minerals relation to bond strength 58 chemical compounds 156 bond strength 57, 58 crystal-chemical 2, 42, 148, 149, 154 by-product elements 12 oxides 156 in complex ores 12 polymerization of coordination multicomponent minerals 12 polyhedra 164 principal criteria 154-155 charge transfer pyroxenes 158 Fe3 +-Fe2 + 332-334,337 silicon- radicals 157 chemical bond calculations structural 160,162-163 in molecules 290 cluster analysis 19, 20-22, 24, 25 in solids 293 classification of minerals 153 chemical bonding dendrograms 20 band structure in silicates 300, 302 fuzzy set theory 25 dichalcogenides 312-314 comparative crystal chemistry 76 electron density 301-302 analogy of variation of volume 84 halides 325-326 isostructural surfaces for (Mg,Fe)O 84 Hartree-Fock formalism 272-287 similarity of deformations 85, 86 hydrogen bonding 340 composition of the Earth's crust 6 hydroxide minerals 322 computer programs marcasite-pyrite structures 313-315 bond lengths in silicates 59 methods for molecules 290 calculation of structural formulae 17 methods for solids 293-294 image simulation for point defects 174 modelling structure and properties modelling glass structure 254 307-308 ORTEP, STRUPLO, XTAL, ATOMS molecular orbital theory 298-300, 306 67-69 molybdenite and tungstenite 312 semi-automatic production of structural oxide minerals 320-321 drawings 67 546 Subject Index computer programs (Contd.) dielectric constants 406 SIMPLEX, PLUTO, ELEN, LEMINPI galena, molybdenite 403-404 70-72 Hall effect 402 simulation of crystal structures 69-71, microwave dielectric constants 406, 409 356 pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite 403 WMIN, METAPOCS, PARAPOCS thermo-EMF 403 70-72 electron density XRD data processing 41 chemical bonding in silicates 301-302 counting theory 153, 164-166 deformation of electron density 72 analysis fluorite 72 general results 38, 42-48 high-pressure M2Si04 74-75 purposes 147-148 mapping by Fourier series 72 technical developments 38-42 quantum chemical calculation 72 crystal structure representation stishovite 72 computer programs 67 electron diffraction coordination polyhedra 64 oblique-texture 114 natrolite structure 68 selected area 114 semi-automatic production 67 electron-hole centers 43, 180-196 sphere models 64 amazonite 193 topology and geometry 64, 66 carbonates 195 visualizing 64 EPR spectra 183-188 feldspars 192-194 data banks 41, 152 fluorite 196 powder XRD 41 molecular orbitals 186 reflectance spectra 491 quartz 189-192 diadochy and solid solutions 44 radicals in crystals 182 -183 dislocations 43, 22i, 227-228, 372 systematics 188 dissociation 367, 369 zircon 194 , pyrite, olivine, pyroxenes, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 40, feldspars 366-367 183-188,525 HRTEM 369, 377 electronic transitions role in plastic deformation 366-368 high-spin to low-spin 335 slip systems 366-367 pressure induced 335-336 distance least-square method 45 semiconductor-metal 335 engineering geology elastic properties of minerals calcite 508 Brillouin scattering 352 hydration of clay minerals 508 equation of state 356 loess 507 -fayalit 354 mineral properties 505-508 garnets 355 radioactive wastes 509 Hartee-Fock calculations 294 295 swelling in clay soils 507 mantle 350 EXAFS 40 355 poorly crystallized minerals 140 pyroxenes 355 extra hard materials 361-365 rheology of mantle 350, 357 shockwave data 352 flow in crystalline materials seismic tomography 357 creep in minerals and ceramics 392 spinel Mg2Si04 354 models of flow in mantle 390, 392-394 summary of properties 352 olivines 391 ultrasonic methods 352 perovskite 393 vibrational spectrum 351 force constants calculations 294-295 X-ray static method 352 mechanisms in minerals electrical conductivity of minerals dislocations and plasticity 372 fayalite, magnetite, wiistite 397 theories 370-372 transition metal oxides 395, 398 electrical properties of minerals glasses band gap 402 computer modeling glass structure 254 Subject Index 547

diaplectic 259,261 tochilinite 97,98 dispersive X-ray scattering 255-256 wermlandite 98 electron-hole centers 181 hydrogen-bearing groups 340-342 EXAFS and XANES 256 geometry of bonds 345 fulgurites 259, 264-265 infrared spectra 344 glassy meteorites 259 mandarinoite structure 344 impact 259-260,262 neutron diffraction 344 lunar volcanic 259-262 hydrolytic weakening nuclear waste glasses 266-268 olivine , 385 obsidian 259 quartz 384, 387 Raman spectra 242 ringe statistics 257 - 258 image analysis 23 silicon-29 NMR 238 incommensurate structures 43 strained cluster model 257 infrared spectroscopy 40 structure of magmatic liquids 250 hydrogen bonding 343-344,414 synthetic glasses 256 interstratification in minerals 43, 124 tectites 262-264 vitreous Si0 239 2 lattice dynamics hardness of minerals Al 2 SiOs polymorphs 428 Calculation 359 Be minerals 428 Correlation Mohs-Vickers 359 forsterite and spinel Mg 2Si04 425 crystallographic orientation 363 garnets, ilmenites, perovskites 427 crystallochemical factors 359 lattice vibrational spectr"'m 422 hardness-compressibility 360 periclase 423 indentation size effects 362 Si02, Ge02, Ti02 polymorphs 424 relation to chemical reactivity 360 luminescence 40 heat flow mechanisms 430-431 magnetic phase transitions paleo thermal reconstruction 435 silicates 137 radioactive heat sources 434 neutron diffraction 136 in sublithosphere mantle 430, 435 magnetic properties thermal conductivity 431-432 domain structure 446-447 thermal structure of mantle 435 Fe-Ni-S system 464-465 high-pressure and high-temperature phase FeO-Ti02-Fe20 3 diagram 438, 453, transformations 464 general rules 45, 46 geothermometry 450, 456, 465 structural mechanisms 46 hematite-ilmenite 442-444,450,465 high-temperature crystal chemistry 76 high magnetic fields 470 HRTEM 43, 115 list of properties 467 anti-ferroelectric domain walls 382 magnetic separation 470 anti-phase boundary 379, 380 natural remanent magnetization 450, dislocations in silicates 368-369 452 hydrolytic weakening in quartz 387 pyrrhotites 444, 465 mixed-layer minerals 129 superparamagnetism 445 nonstoichiometry in minerals 199 titanomaghemites 441-442,450 out-of-phase boundaries in pyrrhotite titanomagnetites 437-441,449,450, 383 461,464,468 poorly crystallized minerals 139 magneto-mineralogical processes in study of defects 377-379 aeromagnetic exploration homologous series 14 464-467 hybrid layer structure 95 magnetic fields of the Ocean floor 457, cannizzarite 100 459 commensurate and incommensurate 98 paleomagnetism 257 hydrotalcite 96 plate tectonics 458-460, 463 koeninite 99 unmixing, oxidation, exsolution 450, in prebiotic evolution of Life 96 453-455 548 Subject Index material science HRTEM 199 families of materials 512-513 oxides 206-207 mineralogical aspects 512 mullite 209 materials perovskite 209, 215 acoustoelectronics 516 point defects 200-202 cathodochromic 520 pyrrhotite 201 diamond in electronics 521-524 rutile 214 electro-optics, acousto-optics 517 spinel and hematite 202-203 laser 519 structural classification 198 multifunctional 521 sulfosalts 215-216 nonlinear 520 uraninite 210 mathematical methods of classification 19 wiistite and magnesiowiistite 203-204 melts nuclear magnetic resonance 40, 48 mechanisms of melting 47 silicon-29 NMR 239-242 structural state 47 nuclear quadrupole resonance 40 metamict minerals 140 chemical bonding in sulfides 317 ceramic nuclear waste forms 146 nuclear waste glasses 266-268 HRTEM 142-145 number of minerals 27-35 microlite 144 stages of transition 141 occluded gases 11, 343 X-ray spectroscopy 144 OD structures 47, 110 zircon 141-143 optical absorption spectroscopy 40 methods of crystal structure determination optical mineralogy direct analysis 39 dissimetrization 476 high precision 39 non-linear optics of minerals 495 Patterson function 39 summary of crystal optics 472-475 microinclusions in minerals 10, 227 theory of refraction 477 microwave dielectric constants 406, 409 mixed-layer minerals phase analysis 41 HRTEM 129 plastic deformation 233-234 indirect methods 129 point defects ordered and irregular 125 diffusion 170, 175-176 special techniques for direct imaging 172-175 identification 126-127 electrical conductivity 170 stage-by-stage transformations 131 magnesiowiistite 170 modeling crystal structures 69-71 non-stoichiometry 200-202 modeling properties 69-71 olivine 170-171, 176, 178-179 modulated structures perovskite 170 anti-phase boundary 380 pyrrhotite 173 HRTEM in quartz 381 polyhedral distortions 56, 77, 82, 83, 93 151-152 two types 91 polysomatic series 47,107,211 Mi:issbauer spectroscopy 40 polysomatism 118, 211 Np-237 in glasses 268 polytypism 47, 106 molecular orbitals astrophyllite 117 Fe06 clusters 329, 332 modular structures 108-109 FeOlo clusters 335 molybdenite 111 Si04 group 298 nomenclature 111 SilOo group 299 notation for chlorites 114 tetrahedral M04 323 perovskite 122 photovoltaic cells SnSl 121-122 neutron diffraction symbology for micas 112 hydrogen bonding 340-344 transformation mechanisms 120 magnetic transitions 136 polytypoid 107 non-stoichiometric compounds 10, 14, 44, poly tropism 110 197 poorly crystallized minerals 42, 139, 140 extended defects 211-216 principal components analysis 22 Subject Index 549 pyriboles 118 systems of notations 13 structural phase transitions quasicrystals 54 anorthite 135 crystobalite, leucite 136 radar images in remote sensing 405, 411 quartz 135 radiation centers 43 Vervey transition in magnetite 136 radii of structure modeling 45 orbital radii 63 structure-simulation methods 45, 60 pseudopotential 62 substitutions in minerals structure maps 63 cations in channels 9 systems of empirical radii 62-63 defect isomorphism 11 radioactive decay products 12 heterovalent, list of minerals 7-8 Raman spectroscopy 40 homo valent, list of minerals 3-6 lattice dynamics 414 trace elements 9 real structures of minerals 43 supergroup-subgroup relationships 133 real-time crystallography 40 magnetic phase transitions 137 reflectance spectra of minerals structural phase transitions 135 band theory 487 superionic conductivity of minerals PbS-PbSe-PbTe 488-489 eucriptite 400 computer-controlled langbeynite 401 micro spectrophotometer 489 materials and minerals 399 data bases 491 symmetry theory ellipsometry 492 anti symmetry 51 mineral identification 491 generalized symmetry groups 51 modulation spectroscopy 492 groups of curvilinear symmetry 52 quantification of color groups of homology 52 refraction of minerals multidimensional geometric spaces 52 classical theory 477 poly-colored point and space groups 51 empirical refraction formulae 479 synchrotron radiation 40 geophysical and mineralogical X-ray topography 225 aspects 485 SYNROCK rafraction index versus density 480 polytypic relationships 121 shock-compressed Si02-glass 485 pyrochlore-zirkelite-zirconolite 121, 266 Si02 polymorphs 480 Rietveld-type refinements 41, 55 taxonomy 152 technological properties of minerals second-harmonic generation density 501 polytypes 496 enrichment 500 noncentrosymmetric minerals 496 flotation 502 nonlinear optics 495 induced properties 503 quartz, shortite, nepheline 496 luminescence 500 sensitivity analysis 23 magnetic 501 separation of minerals radioactivity in ore sorting 500 from quartz 496 tectites 262-264 magnetic separation 470, 501 thermal conductivity of minerals nonlinear optics 496 diamond 434 spinodal decomposition 91 list of minerals 432 stacking faults 43, 221, 229 methods of measurements 431-432 HRTEM 377 sapphirine 434 wurtzite structure 379 thermal expansion 78 stereohedra, symmetry theory 52 coefficients 82 structural formulae 12, 150 relation to lithostatic compression 86 Bauverband description 13 tunnel-structure minerals computer programs 17 disposal of radioactive wastes 101 electron probe data 17 HRTEM 101 nonstoichiometric 14 ionic conductors 101 recombination structures 14 manganese oxides 104 550 Subject Index tunnel-structure minerals (C ontd.) X-ray energy dispersive method 41 ribbons 101 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 40 , palygorskites, zeolites 101 bonding in oxides 320-321 twin planes 43, 221, 230, 234 carbonates, borates, sulfates 324-325 electron states in pyrite series 315 uranium in silicate glasses 267 X-ray topography 43, 221 uranyl group 57, 267 apatite 233 beryl 227, 232 valence least-squares 45 diamond 232-233 vanadyle group 57 images of defects 222 Vernier structures 215 quartz 228-230, 232 vibrational spectra calculation 412-418 spodumene 229, 232 synchrotron topographs 225 X-ray absorption spectroscopy 40, topaz 226-227 296-298