United States Patent (19) [11] Patent Number: 5,653,997 Renimel Et Al

US005653997A United States Patent (19) [11] Patent Number: 5,653,997 Renimel et al. 45 Date of Patent: Aug. 5, 1997

(54) ANTIALLERGIC COSMETIC OR OTHER PUBLICATIONS PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION Price, Pathophysiology, Clinical Concepts of Disease Pro 75 Inventors: Isabelle Renimel, Trainou; Patrice cess, 1986, pp. 36-37. Andre, Neuvilles aux Bois, both of Webster's New World Dictionary, 1988, p. 36. France Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 35, No. 9, Sep. 1987, Y. Morimoto et al, "Enzymes and catalysts. II. Pig 73) Assignee: Parfums Christian Dior, Paris, France liver...", pp. 3845–3849. J. Falbe, "Methoden der Organischen Chemie”, vol. E5, (21) Appl. No.: 476,557 Georg Thieme Verlag pp. 534–543. World Patents Index Latest, 1977, AN 77-39162 & 22), 22 Filed: Jun. 7, 1995 Derwent Publications Ltd. Ltd. 52051033 (Ogawa) 23 Apr. 1977. Related U.S. Application Data World Patents Index. Latest, 1987, AN 87-273386 (39), Derwent Publications Ltd. 62087241 (Lion corp.) 21 Apr. 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 108,601, Sep.28, 1993, abandoned. 1987. World Patents Index. Latest, 1987, AN 87-105806 (15), 30 Foreign Application Priority Data Derwent publications Ltd. 52051033 (Shiseido) 9 Mar. Feb. 28, 1991 FR France ...... 91 02420 1987. World Patents Index. Latest, 1987, AN 97-032891 05), 5 1. Int, C.6 ose seeses opposa A61K 9/127; A61K 31/40; Derwent Publications Ltd. 62087241. (Shiseido) 19 Dec. A61K 35/78 1986. 52 U.S. Cl...... 424/450; 424/195.1; 424/401; World Patents Index Latest, AN 87-329987 (47), Derwent 424/59: 424/70.6 Publications Ltd., London, GB, & JP, S, 62234013 (Osaka 58) Field of Search ...... 424/450, 195.1, Yakuhin Kenky), 14 Oct. 1987. 424/401, 70,59; 514/359, 844, 845, 846, Chemical Abstract, vol. 82, No. 23, 1975, p. 40, abstract 880, 881 149446a, Pharmacological (anthelminthic) study of Curcur bita..., A.E. Gonzalez et al Scienta Sinica, vol. X, No. 7, 1961, T-T. Sun et al., "Chemical studies on cucurbita (56) References Cited moschata duch", pp. 852-859. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communica tions, 1973, H.J. Monteiro, "New synthesis of the ami 3,895,111 7/1975 Corey ...... 514/255 no-acid (+)-Cucurbitine', p. 2. 4.255,418 3/1981 Bailey ... 624/145 4511559 4/1985 Szendrei ... 514/54 Primary Examiner-Gollamudi S. Kishore 4,621,746 11/1986 Kojima ...... 424/195 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sherman and Shalloway 4,883,659 11/1989 Goodman. ... 424/78 4.942,153 7/1990 Fernandez ...... 514/2 57 ABSTRACT 4,980,038 12/1990 Watanabe ...... 204/157.15 5,039,516 8/1991 Goodman ...... 624/145 The invention relates to the use of cucurbitine or extracts of 5,118,507 6/1992 Clement ...... 424/401 Cucurbitaceae pips for the preparation of a cosmetic or 5,128,139 7/1992 Brown ...... 424/450 pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, composition 5,164,182 11/1992 Meybeck ...... 424/195 having antiallergic activity, or for the preparation of cos 5,165,935 11/1992 Andre ...... 429/450 metic or pharmaceutical compositions having a reduced risk FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS of being allergenic. 2.522500 9/1983 France. 13 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets

RIA assay

naoi histamine

liberated

8 time (inutes)

without effector -o- tritoqualine ---a cucturbitine U.S. Patent Aug. 5, 1997 Sheet 1 of 2 5,653,997

Mickaelis curve

Initial rate AA/min

nmol histidine

without effector - - - tritoqualine

up up was us as Cucurbitine

FG1 U.S. Patent Aug. 5, 1997 Sheet 2 of 2 5,653,997

RIA assay

nmol histamine

liberated

20 OO

2 3 4 5 S time8 (minutes)9

without effector -- tritoqualine - Cucurbitine 5,653,997 1. 2 ANTIALLERGIC COSMETIC OR pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, compositions PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSTON to be decreased. The object of the presentinvention is also to solve the new This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/108,601 technical problem that consists in providing an approach filed Sep. 28, 1993, now abandoned. 5 enabling the synthesis of cucurbitine to be carried out by a The present invention relates essentially to the use of simple synthesis process, necessitating a minimum number cucurbitine for the preparation of an antiallergic cosmetic or of steps, in good yields. pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, compositions, The presentinvention enables all these technical problems and to a process involving application thereof. to be solved simply, reliably and reproducibly in a manner Cucurbitine, or 3-amino-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, of 10 which can be used on an industrial scale. the following formula I: The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the following description and preferred embodi COOH (I) ments and with the assistance of the accompanying draw Ings. 5 is BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS N H FIG. 1 is a Mickaelis curve of the inhibitory activity with respect to enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC) for each is a natural, water-soluble amino acid found in Cucurbita of control, tritoqualine and cucurbitine in terms of initial rate ceae (see V. H. Mihranian et al., LLOYDIA (1968), 31 (1) 20 23-29). versus amount histidine; and Cucurbitine is known as an antiparasitic, especially as an FIG. 2 is a graphic plot of an RIA assay for antihistaminic anthelmintic against Schistosoma japonicum. (Morimoto Y. activity of cucurbitine, according to this invention, in com et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1987) 35 (9) 3845-3849). parison to that of tritoqualine and a control. Cucurbitine may be obtained by means of extraction in 25 Thus, according to a first aspect, the present invention laevorotatory form, or synthetically in racemic form. Among relates to the use of cucurbitine or one of its of a cosmetic the various methods of synthesis of cucurbitine, special orpharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, composition mention may be made of the synthesis method of H. J. having antiallergic activity. Monteiro, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1973) 2. This According to a particular variant of embodiment, the method leads to only relatively low yields of racemic 30 preparation in question is of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical, cucurbitine. Another synthesis method enables the two opti in particular dermatological, composition intended for the cal isomers of cucurbitine to be obtained separately. This is prevention or symptomatic treatment of allergic the method of Morimoto et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1987) manifestations, irrespective of their origin and their point of 35 (9) 3845–3849, which is a stereospecific enzymatic application, in particular the bronchi, skin and eye. Thus, the method of synthesis by the use of a pig liver esterase. This 35 said compositionisintended, in particular, for the prevention method is, however, complicated, and necessitates a rela or symptomatic treatment of allergic or exercise-induced tively large number of steps. bronchial asthma, hay-fever, spasmodic tracheitis and It has now been discovered, unexpectedly, that cucurb rhinitis, urticaria, other allergic eruptions, eczema, red itine inhibits the formation of histamine, a well-known blotches or skin irritations of allergic origin, pruritus, mediator of allergies, and hence displays valuable hypohis Quincke's oedema, allergic conjunctivitis and also allergic taminaemic activity. This hypohistaminaemic activity reactions of medicinal origin. results from the inhibitory action of cucurbitine on histidine In the more particular field of cosmetology, the said decarboxylase, which is the enzyme responsible for the compositionisintended advantageously for lines of products conversion of histidine to histamine. As a result, the admin which are hypoallergenic or for sensitive or irritable skins. istration of cucurbitine contributes to decreasing the hista 45 Cucurbitine may be used eitherinfree form, or in the form mine concentration in the blood serum and tissues. of one of its cosmetically or pharmaceutically, in particular This constitutes a considerable technical advance, since dermatologically, acceptable salts or esters. The abovemen allergic manifestations, in particular pulmonary and cutane tioned salts and esters may be prepared by conventional ous allergies, are nowadays causing many problems for processes which are well knownto aperson skilled in the art. therapists, who have a limited number of active substances 50 at their disposal and, in addition, some of these substances Among salts, the mono- and dihydrobromide and the mono can display side-effects. Thus, a considerable need conse and dihydrochloride may be mentioned. Among esters, the quently exists for the development of a new preventive and methyl ester and the ethyl ester may be mentioned. curative composition for allergies. According to an advantageous variant, the abovemen Thus, the main objective of the present invention is to 55 tioned plant extract containing cucurbitine is an extract of solve the technical problem that consists in providing an Cucurbitaceae, especially of Cucurbita maxima Duch., of approach enabling the formation of histamine, a mediating Cucurbita pepo L. or of Cucurbita moschata Duch; agent in the context of allergic manifestations, to be inhib preferably,itis an extract of pips or of fruit pulp. As a further ited in order to enable allergic manifestations to be pre preference, it is an extract of Cucurbitaceae pips. vented and treated. According to a particular variant, the abovementioned According to another aspect, the main objective of the plant extract is an extract of Cucurbitaceae fruit pulp con present invention is to solve the technical problem that taining at least 0.5% by weight of curcubitine. consists in providing an approach enabling allergic mani According to an advantageous variant of embodiment, festations to be prevented and treated. cucurbitine or one of its cosmetically or pharmaceutically, in The object of the presentinvention is also to solve the new 65 particular dermatologically, acceptable salts or esters is technical problem that consists in providing an approach present at a concentration of 0.001% to 10%, and preferably enabling the allergenic potential of cosmetic or 0.01 to 5%, by weight of the total composition. 5,653,997 3 4 According to a second aspect, the present invention also tant and washings are combined and then treated by adding relates to a cosmetic composition, characterized in that it to an equivalent volume of 85% ethanol to precipitate comprises, as active ingredient, cucurbitine or one of its proteinaceous matter in suspension, and the whole is kept in cosmetically acceptable salts or esters, or a plant extract arefrigerator overnight. The mixture is then centrifuged and containingit, where appropriate in a cosmetically acceptable the supernatantis collected. The alcohol may be removed by excipient, vehicle or carrier. distillation, for example in a rotary evaporator. The aqueous According to an advantageous variant, the abovemen solution may be used as it is, or alternatively passed there tioned plant extract is an extract of Cucurbitaceae as defined after through a chromatography column for example of the above. Dowex 50W-X-8 type, for example measuring 75x2.2 cm. According to a preferred variant of embodiment, cucur 10 The column is washed with approximately 200 ml of water, bitine or one of its salts or esters is present in an amount and then eluted with 1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide which is effective for displaying antiallergic activity, espe solution until the effluent gives a negative response to the cially at a concentration of 0.001% to 10%, and preferably ninhydrin test. The eluate may be evaporated to dryness 0.01% to 5%, by weight of the total composition. under reduced pressure, heating where appropriate. The According to a third aspect, the present invention relates 5 syrupy residue may, again, be used as it is, or alternatively to a pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, composi treated again with hot water and advantageously added to an tion preferably having antiallergic activity, characterized in at least equivalent volume of 95% ethanol. Thereafter, the that it contains cucurbitine or one of its pharmaceutically mixture may be acidified dropwise with an acid to bring the acceptable salts or esters in an amount which is effective for pH of the solution to a pH approximately equal to 5, for displaying antiallergic activity, especially for preventing or example with 60% perchloric acid. It may then be placed in treating allergic manifestations, in particular in the bronchi, a refrigerator for several days to obtain a precipitate of skin and eye, where appropriate in a pharmaceutically cucurbitine perchlorate. This precipitate can then be dis acceptable excipient, vehicle or carrier. solved in a few milliliters of water and, where appropriate, According to a variant, the abovementioned cosmetic and passed through a chromatography column, preferably of the pharmaceutical compositions contain an extract of plant 25 Amberlite CG-45 type, for example measuring 20x1.5 cm. origin as defined above. Evaporation of the eluate under reduced pressure gives According to a fourth aspect, the present invention further cucurbitine in the substantially pure state. relates to a process for decreasing the allergenic potential of Thus, the above process makes it possible to obtain either a cosmetic or pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, cucurbitine in the pure state, or extracts having variable composition, characterized in that an effective amount of 30 cucurbitine contents. In the case where cucurbitine is used in cucurbitine, in free form or in the form of one of its the form of an extract of Cucurbitaceae, the cucurbitine cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters, content is preferably equal to at least 0.5% by weight of the or of a plant extract containing it as defined above, is extract. A preferred source for obtaining cucurbitine consists incorporated in the said composition so that the final com of the pips of the Cucurbita species such as Cucurbitapepo position presents a reduced risk of being allergenic. 35 L., Cucurbita maxima Duch. and Cucurbitamoschata Duch. In the context of any one of the above aspects, the According to a fifth aspect, the present invention also preferred weight concentration of cucurbitine, or of its salts covers a process for the treatment of a human being or an or esters, for compositions for topical use, is between animal for preventing or treating allergic manifestations, 0.001% and 10%, and as a further preference between 0.01% characterized in that an amount of cucurbitine or one of its and 5%. pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters, or of a plant For compositions intended for administration systemi extract containing it as defined above, which is effective for cally (such as orally, parenterally, rectally, by inhalation, preventing or treating allergic manifestations is adminis etc.), the cucurbitine concentration is not critical and can tered to the said human being or said animal. reach, for example, 60% of the composition. The dosage in In particular, the abovementioned treatment is applied to man will generally be between 0.1 mg/kg/day and 20 45 the prevention or symptomatic treatment of allergic or mg/kg/day, and preferably between 1 mg/kg/day and 15 exercise-induced bronchial asthma, hayfever, spasmodic tra mg/kg/day. cheitis and rhinitis, urticaria and other allergic eruptions, Moreover, natural cucurbitine, of laevorotatory form, or eczema, red blotches or skin irritations of allergic origin, its salts or esters, is/are generally used. Especially advanta pruritus, Quincke's oedema, allergic conjunctivitis and also geous sources of laevorotatory cucurbitine are the pulp and allergic reactions of medicinal origin. pips of Cucurbitaceae, especially of the species Cucurbita According to a variant of embodiment, cucurbitine or one pepo L., Cucurbita maxima Duch. and Cucurbita moschata of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters is admin Duch. However, the racemic form of cucurbitine or of its istered topically at a concentration preferably of between salts or esters may also be used. 55 0.001% and 10% by weight. Moreover, cucurbitine may be used in pure form, or in the According to another variant of embodiment, cucurbitine form of extracts, according to any one of the extraction or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters is procedures known to a person skilled in the art. Especially administered systemically at a dosage in man of between 0.1 advantageous extraction procedures are described in the mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day, and preferably between 1 publication of Valentine H. MIHRANLAN et al. in Iloydia mg/kg/day and 15 mg/kg/day. 1968, 31, (1) 23-29. This process advantageously provides The invention further relates to a process for preparing a for treatment of decorticated and defatted Cucurbitaceae cosmetic or pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, seeds with water, which is advantageously heated to at least composition, characterized in that cucurbitine or one of its 50° C. with constant stirring for several hours. Thereafter the cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters, mixture is centrifuged, the supernatant is collected and the 65 or a plant extract containing it as defined above, is incor residues are re-extracted one or more times in a similar porated in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable manner with several portions of heated water. The superna carrier, vehicle or excipient. 5,653,997 5 6 According to a variant of embodiment, cucurbitine or one hydrogen, preferably a catalytic hydrogenolysis, is carried of its cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or out to obtain (E)-3-amino-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid or esters is incorporated in a complete cosmetic or pharmaceu (E)-cucurbitine. tical formulation for decreasing the risk of the latter being According to a preferred variant, the abovementioned allergenic. ammoniacal solution is an aqueous-alcoholic solution, the According to another variant of embodiment, a compo alcohol advantageously being isopropanol or methanol. sition having antiallergic activity is prepared. Some variants According to another preferred variant, the abovemen of preparation also result from the foregoing description. tioned hydrolysis is performed using 6Naqueous hydrobro According to a particular embodiment of the invention in mic acid solution. the context of any one of the aspects stated above, the According to yet another variant, the catalytic hydro abovementioned composition containing cucurbitine or one genolysis is performed in water under hydrogen at atmo of its salts or esters, or the abovementioned plant extract, spheric pressure in the presence of a catalyst such as contains, in addition, vesicles of the liposome type. Accord palladium on charcoal dispersed in the aqueous reaction ing to a particular variant, the cucurbitine, its salt or ester is medium. at least partially, encapsulated in vesicles of the liposome 15 type. The expression "vesicle of the liposome type" is According to a preferred embodiment of the synthesis understood to mean both hydrated lamellar lipid phases and process, 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone is allowed to react with lipid vesicles composed of ionic or nonionic amphiphilic ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide in a 1:4:4 mole lipids. Also, the expression "to incorporate at least partially ratio at room temperature for at least 48 h. in vesicles of the liposome type" is understood, in the 20 According to another particular variant of embodiment, present description and the claims, to mean that the the optical isomers are separated from the racemic mixture cucurbitine, its salt or ester is combined with vesicles of the according to any separation technique known to a person liposome type irrespective of the form of this combination. skilled in the art, and especially via the preparation of However, a preferred combination lies in encapsulation of diastereoisomers. the cucurbitine, its salt or ester in vesicles of the liposome 25 The process for the synthesis of cucurbitine according to type. However, it is not necessary for the total amount to be the invention leads to especially high yields of racemic incorporated or encapsulated in order to obtain the desired cucurbitine, on average 2 to 3 times as high as those of the antiallergic effect according to the invention. known processes. It is known that vesicles of the "liposome” type are Other objects, features and advantages of the present prepared from lipid substances. The term "lipid” covers all 30 invention will become clearly apparent in the light of the substances comprising a so-called fatty carbon chain, gen explanatory description which follows and which is given erally containing more than 5 carbon atoms, this substance with reference to various examples of preparation of customarily being designated "lipid". cucurbitine, as well as to various examples reporting the According to the invention, to form either the lamellar results of pharmacological tests, as well as various examples lipid phases or the vesicles of the liposome type, amphiphilic 35 of cosmetic orpharmaceutical formulation. In the examples, lipids, that is to say lipids consisting of molecules possessing the percentages are given by weight except where otherwise a hydrophilic group which can be equally well ionic or stated. nonionic and a lipophilic group, are used as lipids, these amphiphilic lipids being capable of forming lamellar lipid EXAMPLE 1. phases or vesicles of the liposome type in the presence of an Synthesis of cucurbitine in the form of a racemic aqueous phase. mixture In particular, among these lipids, there may be mentioned: The procedure is as follows: phospholipids, phosphoaminolipids, glycolipids, polyoxy a) Synthesis of (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3-cyanopyrrolidine ethylenated fatty alcohols and optionally polyoxyethylena 45 0.5g of 1-benzyl-3-pyrrollidinone (2.85 mmol) dissolved ted esters of a polyol. Such substances consist, for example, in 3 ml of 2-propanol is added to a solution of 0.741 g (11.4 of an optionally hydrogenated egg or soya bean lecithin, a mmol) of potassium cyanide and 0.615 g (11.4 mmol) of phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidylserine, a ammonium chloride in 7 ml of 28% ammonia solution. The sphyngomyelin, a cerebroside or an oxyethylenated polyg mixture remains at room temperature with stirring for 3 lycerol stearate. 50 days. The solution is washed with 15 ml of 10% potassium Incorporation of the compounds used according to the carbonate solution and extracted with dichloromethane (3xc present invention in hydrated lamellar lipid phases or in 15 ml). After drying over magnesium sulphate and evapo liposomes may be carried out according to known prepara ration of the solvents, an oil (0.475 g) is obtained. tion techniques, described, for example, in the document The product is purified on a silica column with solid U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,703, and, where appropriate, in combi 55 loading. Itis eluted with a 4:2 ether?petroleum ether mixture. nation with the document U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,023. 0.402 g of a beige solid is obtained (yield: 70%), the solid According to a seventh aspect, the present invention also consisting of 3-amino-1-benzyl-3-cyanopyrrolidine having covers a process for the synthesis of cucurbitine, character the following NMR spectrum: ized in that 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone is used as starting HNMR,300 MHz, CDCI 1.8 (broads, 2H, NH); 1.97 material. (ddd, 1H, J-13.4, J-8, Jas-5.4); 2.5 (ddd, 1H, J,4–8, According to a particular variant of embodiment of this Js-qJs-5.4); 2.64 (d. 1H, J,2=9.4); 3.04 (d. 1H, J, synthesis process, 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone is treated with 9.4); 3.67 (s, 2H, CH-CH); 7.33 (m, 5H, aromatic an ammoniacal solution of ammonium chloride and of protons). potassium cyanide to obtain (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3- b) Synthesis of (+)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3- cyanopyrrolidine. This compound is then converted by acid 65 pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid or (E)-1-benzylcucurbitine or basic hydrolysis to (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3- The hydrolysis of the compound obtained above may be pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid, and lastly a reduction with carried out either in an acid medium or in a basic medium. 5,653,997 7 Hydrolysis in an acid medium: 0.3 g (1.49 mmol) of 3-amino-1-benzyl-3- TABLE I cyanopyrrolidine obtained in step a), dissolved in 5 ml of Number of 48% hydrobromic acid, are brought to 40°-50° C. for 4 h. equivalents Experimental After evaporation of the acid, the product is purified on a Moles conditions Yield silica column. The impurities are removed with CHCl/ MeOH 10% and amino acid is brought off with MeOH/H2O N.B.P. NHCl KCN of step a) CN COOH 15%. 1. 1-1 1 6hroom temperature : k10% 1. 1-1 1 4 h 40°-50° sk K10% After removal of the methanol, the compound is decol 10 1. 4. 4 4.h40°-50° k 20% orized with animal charcoal in a minimum amount of 1. 8 8 4h 40-50 xk 20% 1. 4 4 48h room temperature 66% 44% aqueous medium in the heated state and then lyophilized. 1. 4 4 72hroom temperature 70% 49% Adarkyellow solidis obtained (yield: 80%), consisting of 1. 4 4 84h room temperature 70% 56% (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3-pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid in the 15 N.B.P.: 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone form of a mono- or dihydrobromide having the following *: aminonitrile, not isolated NMR spectrum: CN: yield of 3-amino-1-benzyl-3-cyanopyrrollidine 'HNMR, 300 MHz, DO 2.47-2.69 (m, 1H, H); COOH-: overall yield of 3-amino-3-pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid 2.75–2.91 (m, 1H, H';3.69–3.94 (m,3H, Hs, Hs, H2); 4.12 The last column of Table I contains the yields of (E)- (d, J-14.2, 1H, H2); 4.58 (2d, J-13.8, 2H, CH-CH3); 20 cucurbitine relative to the starting reactants. 7.62 (s, 5H, aromatic protons). It is observed that the yields are maximal if the reaction Hydrolysis in a basic medium: is carried out at room temperature for a period exceeding 48 280 mg (1.39 mmol) of 3-amino-1-benzyl-3- h, using proportions of 1:4:4 between the reactants: cyanopyrrolidine of step a) are dissolved in 2 ml of ethanol. 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidone, ammonium chloride and potassium 5 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution are added and the 25 cyanide. mixture is then brought to reflux for 5 h. After cooling, it is It was, moreover, observed that hydrolysis by means of acidified with 48% hydrobromic acid. hydrobromic acid also led to better yields than when hydro The product is purified on a silica column: MeOH/HO chloric acid at the same concentration is used as hydrolysis agent. 10%. The product is decolorized with animal charcoal and 30 then lyophilized. The presence of sodium bromide salts causes a yield of greater than 100% to be obtained. EXAMPLE 3 To remove the salts present, 200 mg of pyrrolidine are Separation of the optical isomers of cucurbitine taken and brought to pH 8 with 10% sodium hydroxide The separation method, which is known per se, is based solution. Duolite Cl is loaded with 2N hydrobromic acid 35 on the preparation of diastereoisomeric derivatives by cou solution. The salts are removed with distilled water. To pling of (+)-cucurbitine with certain optically active detach the pyrrollidine, 0.1N hydrobromic acid solution is reagents after protection of the acid function by esterifica used. tion and of the cyclic amine function. Each form of these After lyophilization, 120 mg of (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3- stereoisomers, corresponding to one or other isomer of pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid are obtained (yield: 40%). 40 cucurbitine, will be isolated by chromatography, in particu c) Synthesis of (E)-3-amino-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid or lar by high performance liquid chromatography or on a silica column. To regenerate thereafter the two enantiomers of (E)-cucurbitine cucurbitine, it suffices to saponify the protecting ester, then 300 mg of (E)-3-amino-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic to hydrolyse it in order to liberate the acid function, and to acid hydrobromide obtained in stepb) are dissolved in 10 ml 45 liberate the amine function, for example by hydrogenolysis of water. 0.5 mg of charcoal obtaining 10% of palladium is as described in Example 1 in the case where the amine dispersed, and this suspension is then placed in a hydrogen function was protected by substitution with a benzyl radical. atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. Stirring is maintained As reagents for the present method, it is possible to use for 18 h. After filtration through filter paper and laevorotatory S optical active compounds such as: lyophilization, a yellow solid is obtained (98%), consisting 50 (1S)-camphanyl chloride, of (+)-3-amino-3-pyrrollidinecarboxylic acid or (E)- (S)-(-)-O-methoxy-O-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetic acid, cucurbitine having the following NMR spectrum: N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalanine. "HNMR, 300 MHz, DO 2.45 (m, 1H, H); 2.69(m, 1H, The present example describes the resolution of the H.); 3.61 (d. 1H, J,2-13.4); 3.67-3.78 (m, 2H, H., Hs);4 55 racemate of cucurbitine by means of coupling with (1S)- (d, 1H, J-13.4). camphanyl chloride. a) Protection of the acidfunction of (+)-1-benzylcucurbitine: EXAMPLE 2 synthesis of its methyl ester 0.1 g of (E)-1-benzylcucurbitine (0.20 mmol), obtained in Optimization of the yield of the synthesis of (+)- stepb of Example 1, is added slowly to an ice-cold solution cucurbitine of thionyl chloride (0.28 mmol) and methanol (2 ml). The reaction temperature must not rise above -5°C. The mixture The procedure is as described in Example 1, choosing in is stirred at 0° C. for 2 h and then brought back to room step b) hydrolysis with 6N hydrobromic acid, varying, temperature for two days. however, the proportion of the reactants of step a). 65 After evaporation, the product is purified on a silica column with solid loading. (Eluent CHCl/MeOH from 10 The yields obtained appear in Table 1 below. to 50%). 5,653,997 9 10 Ayellow productis obtained in a 70% yield, consisting of It is also possible to evaporate off the alcohol and then to (E)-1-benzylcucurbitine methyl ester. atomize the aqueous solution obtained, so as to obtain a b) Coupling with (1S)-(-)-camphanyl chloride powder assaying at 3 to 5% of (-)-cucurbitine, depending on 1 mol of (E)-1-benzylcucurbitine methyl ester, dissolved the batches of seeds used. in 1.5 ml of methylene chloride, is neutralized with 1 mol of triethylamine, 1.1 equivalents of (1S)-(-)-camphanyl chlo EXAMPLE 6 ride are added. The mixture is left stirring at room tempera Preparation of a (-)-cucurbitine-rich extract of ture for 16 h. Cucurbita pepo seeds, and production of purified The product is purified on a silica column with solid (E)-cucurbitine. loading (eluent: CHCl/MeOH 10%). 10 Separation of the diastereoisomers was performed by A-Preparation of an extract of cucurbita pepo seeds HPLC on various columns, in particular NH2-grafted Zor The starting material consists either of Cucurbita seeds, bax(8). decorticated or otherwise, having a (-)-cucurbitine content of 0.2 to 0.4 percent by weight, depending on the batch or EXAMPLE 4 15 origin, or of oil-free cakes of Cucurbita seeds having a Production of cucurbitine from Cucurbita pepo (-)-cucurbitine content of 0.4 to 0.8 percent by weight, pulp depending on the batch or origin. The starting material is preferably ground to approxi Fresh Cucurbita pepo fruits are cut in half, and the pips mately 100 micrometers. The ground materialis then treated which can be used for the manufacture of pip extracts are 20 by soaking at room temperature with acidulated water removed. The pulp thereby obtained is ground and lyo (sulphuric acid at a concentration of 0.1 percent by weight) philized. The powder is recovered and defatted with petro at pH 3.5 approximately, for 2 h in the case of ground cakes leum ether in the proportion of 11 to 100 g of powder. The or up to 16h in the case of seeds. The amount of acidulated insoluble matter, which constitutes the desired extract of water used is approximately five times the weight of the Cucurbitapepopulp, is recovered by filtration. The propor 25 starting material. The whole is then brought to boiling at tion of cucurbitine in this extract is assayed by HPLC, and atmospheric pressure for 1 h. After cooling to 80° C., the a concentration of 0.03% by weight of cucurbitine is mixture is filtered and then, where appropriate, centrifuged, obtained in the defatted dry extract. The aqueous phase obtained is then brought to a temperature The defatted dry extract is then introduced into water, of 80° C. to 90° C. and thereafter microfiltered through a 0.5 which is heated to approximately 50° C. with stirring until 30 micrometer filter. A juice assaying at approximately 10g of dissolution is complete. An equivalent volume of 95% dry matter per liter is thereby obtained. ethanol is added to precipitate proteinaceous matter in This juice then undergoes a thermal preconcentration suspension, which is removed by centrifugation. The clear under a partial vacuum to a concentration of approximately supernatant remaining is then acidified to pH 5.0 with 60% 250 g/1 of dry matter. This preconcentrate is thereafter perchloric acid. The solution thus acidified is placed in a 35 placed at 4° C. for 48 h, then undergoes a further concen refrigerator for at least 2 days to precipitate the cucurbitine tration under reduced pressure to 500 g of dry matter per perchlorate, which is collected. Cucurbitine may be obtained liter, and is again left standing at 4° C. for 48 h. These from this cucurbitine perchlorate in a conventional manner operations are followed by filtration through a filter press. for a person skilled in the art, especially by passage through An extract containing from 40 to 50% of dry matter and a cation exchange resin column (Na" type) and by evapo assaying at between 1 and 2% of (-)-cucurbitine is thereby ration of the eluate under reduced pressure. obtained. The yields are approximately 2001 of extract per EXAMPLE 5 tonne of starting material. B-Production of purified (-)-cucurbitine Preparation of an extract of Cucurbita pepo seeds The abovementioned preconcentrate, assaying at 250 g to 45 300 g of dry matter per liter, is neutralized with sodium 1.5 kg of previously decorticated Cucurbita pepo seeds hydroxide to obtain a pH of 7.5. The mixture is filtered are ground. The powder obtained is subjected three times to through a filter press and the filtrate is then passed through extraction with hexane (3 liters, 2 liters and 1.8 liters) to a cation exchange resin (of the Na" type). Elution is per remove fats. The dried cake obtained is extracted with formed using ammonia solution. After thermal concentration aqueous hydrochloric acid solution maintained at approxi 50 of the eluate under apartial vacuum, a syrup is obtained, the mately pH 4. This extraction is carried out in three stages: dry matter of which contains approximately 50% by weight two at room temperature-approximately 22°C.-and the of (-)-cucurbitine. If so desired, this syrup may by lyo third at 70° C. At each stage, the time during which the philized. For this purpose, it will advantageously be mixed cake-solution is kept in contact with the hydrochloric acid with a neutral powdery carrier such as talc. solution (2 liters on the first occasion and 2.5 liters on the 55 following two occasions) is 24 h. EXAMPLE 7 After draining, the solid residue is removed and the aqueous phase is collected, partially evaporated and centri Demonstration of the inhibitory activity of fuged. The centrifugation pellets are washed with distilled cucurbitine with respect to histamine formation water and then discarded. The washing liquors are combined 1-A by an enzymatic test with the centrifugation concentrates. This test is based on the inhibitory action of cucurbitine The aqueous fraction is reconcentrated and then treated on the enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which con with an equal weight of ethanol. A white precipitate forms, verts histidine to histamine, in comparison with that of which is removed by centrifugation. The aqueous-alcoholic tritoqualine, which is a known inhibitor of HDC (see Carpi supernatant, which is neutralized, for example, with sodium 65 C., Maggi G. C. Bull. SocItal. Sper, 1968, 44 (6543-4) and hydroxide, constitutes an extract containing (-)-cucurbitine, which is used therapeutically as a hypohistaminaemic agent which may be used as it is. under the name Hypostamine?s). 5,653,997 11 12 The inhibitory activity with respect to HDC may be method which is well known to a person skilled in the art and readily assessed by a colorimetric assay on the basis of the described, in particular, in the directions for use of an assay following chemical reaction: kit called HISTAMINE Radioimmunoassay kit (Cat. #1302) marketed by the company IMMUNOTECH (Marseilles Colorimetric assay France).

=- CH2 -h-cool H.D.C. The amount of histamine liberated (in nanomoles) for a HN N NH2 ite 16x10 molar concentration of histidine in a phosphate na assayed buffer at pH 6.3 is assayed over time, respectively without L-Histidine 10 effector, with tritoqualine as effector for comparison and with synthetic racemic cucurbitine as antihistaminic agent F- CH-CH2-NH2 according to the invention. Tritoqualine and cucurbitine are HN N + CO2 used at a concentration of 2x10 molar. N2 15 The results obtained, expressed as nanomoles of histidine Histamine liberated, are recorded in Table III below and form the F-- CHCH-NH2 diamine subject of the curve of FIG. 2, where the number of dioxidasedase G nanomoles of histamine liberated has been shown as ordi HN N auxiliary N2 enzyme nates and the time expressed in minutes as abscissae. The 20 curve without effector is plotted as a continuous line, the Histamine curve obtained with tritoqualine is plotted as a chain-dotted line and the curve obtained with cucurbitine is plotted as a F-I- CH-CHO dotted line. HN N + H2O2+NH3 Na 25 TABLE III H2O2+ MBTH Peroxidase Blue coloration "DMAB indicatorenzyme 2 = 595 nm. %I* (at % I* (at Time 5 mini- O mink 5 min) 10 min) MBTH = 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazone DMAB = 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid Without 32.66 140.79 O 0 30 effector In practice, it is observed that the formation of the blue Tritoqualine 16.48 49.27 49 65 coloration is proportional to the concentration of histidine Cucurbitine 1485 38.29 55 73 consumed. It has thus been possible to define initial rates of *I =Inhibition reaction and to plot so-called Mickaelis curves as described ** = nanomoles of histamine liberated in Fundamentals of Enzymology, 2nd Ed. Oxford Univ. 35 Press, 1989. It is clearly seen from Table II that the amount of The initial rate is expressed as a change in absorbance per histamine liberated is markedly lower in the presence of minute. cucurbitine. The results obtained with various initial concentrations of histidine, namely 132 nmol, 265 nmol and nmol, respec The results obtained by the RIA method hence confirm tively without effector, with tritoqualine as a known HDC that cucurbitine has a markedly more potent inhibitory inhibitor and with cucurbitine in racemic form as inhibitor activity with respect to histamine formation than tritoqualine according to the invention, are recorded in Table II below, after a few minutes. and form the subject of the Mickaelis curve which is the Various examples of formulation of cosmetic or subject of FIG. 1. 45 pharmaceutical, in particular dermatological, compositions according to the invention are as follows: TABLE I Histidine 132 nmol 265 nmol 530 nmol EXAMPLE 8 Without effector 0.062 0.089 0.1132 50 Tritoqualine 0.021 0.0374 0.0604 Tablets (prior art) Cucurbitine 0.013 0.0242 0.042 Per tablet for oral administration: (invention) 55 (E)-cucurbitine 100 mg It emerges clearly from Table II and from the Mickaelis starch 38 mg curve which is the subject of FIG. 1 that cucurbitine is a lactose 75 mg much more potent HDC inhibitor than tritoqualine, consti talc 10 mg tuting an altogether surprising result for a person skilled in other excipients for tablets 250 mg the art. (including magnesium stearate) qs 1-B by a RIA assay The antihistaminic activity of cucurbitine may also be Indications: preventive and curative treatment of allergic manifestations, in particular cutaneous and respiratory mani demonstrated by a radioimmunological assay (Radio festations. Immuno Assay or "RIA") in the following manner. 65 This assay takes place by assaying the histamine produced Dosage: 1 to 10 tablets per day for adults. Decrease the directly under the action of the enzyme HDC, by the RIA dosage by 2 for children up to 15 years of age. 5,653,997 13 14 EXAMPLE 9 selected from the group consisting of cucurbitine, a cucur bitine salt and a cucurbitine ester, said cucurbitine compo Powder for aerosol nent being encapsulated within liposome vesicles, in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. (+)-cucurbitine 3g 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cucurbitine mannitol 1 g component is present in laevorotatory form. propellent gases 96g 3. A pharmaceutical preparation effective for treatment of allergic manifestations, comprising approximately 100 mg of Cucurbitine, present in a pharmaceutically acceptable Indications: preventive and curative treatment of all res 10 piratory allergic manifestations such as bronchial asthma carrier. and asthmoid bronchitis. 4. A powdered aerosol pharmaceutical preparation effec Dosage: intrabronchial administration, at the rate of 4 to tive for treatment of respiratory allergic manifestations, 6 inhalations per day on average. which comprises about 3 parts by weight, per 100 parts by 15 weight of the preparation, of Cucurbitine in a pressurized EXAMPLE 10 vessel. 5. A hypoallergenic cosmetic composition for topical Demulcent emulsion for sensitive skins application to the skin or hair of a person in need thereof comprising from about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of pip extract according to Example 5 10g 20 Cucurbitine and from 99 to 90 parts by weight of one or assaying at 3% of (-)-cucurbitine more cosmetically acceptable additives selected from fatty conventional cosmetic emulsion 100 g alcohols, fatty esters, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, min for sensitive skins (fatty alcohols, eral oil, humectants, gelling agents, thickeners, coloring polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohols, mineral oil, isopropyl palmitate, agents, sunscreen agents and fragrance. glycerol, gelling agent, preservatives, 25 6. Liposome vesicles having encapsulated therein a cucur fragrances, water) qs bitine component selected from the group consisting of cucurbitine, cucurbitine salt and cucurbitine ester. 7. The liposome vesicles according to claim 6 wherein EXAMPLE 11 said cucurbitine component is present as an extract of a Cucurbitaceae selected from the group consisting of Cucur Hypoallergenic make-up foundation 30 bitaceae pips and Cucurbitaceae pulp. 8. The liposome vesicles according to claim 7 wherein said Cucurbitaceae is selected from the group consisting of extract of Cucurbita pepopulp, 10 g fortified with (-)-cucurbitine, Cucurbita maximum Duch, Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucur according to Example 4, having a 35 bita moschata. content of 1% of (-)-cucurbitine 9. The liposome vesicles according to claim 6 wherein conventional make-up foundation 100 g composition (fatty esters, squalane, said cucurbitine component is selected from the group soya bean lecithin, volatile silicone, consisting of cucurbitine, cucurbitine monohydrobromide, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, cucurbitine dihydrobromide, cucurbitine sunscreen agent, pigments, monohydrochloride, cucurbitine dihydrochloride, cucurb preservatives, fragrance, water) qs itine methyl ester and cucurbitine ethyl ester. 10. The liposome vesicles according to claim 6 wherein said cucurbitine componentis presentin laevorotatory form. EXAMPLE 12 11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cucurbitine component is present as an extract of a Cucurbitaceae Anti-irritant mascara 45 selected from the group consisting of Cucurbitaceae pips and Cucurbitaceae pulp. (E)-cucurbitine 10 g 12. The composition of claim 11 wherein said Cucurbi ultramarine blue 90 g taceae is selected from the group consisting of Cucurbita hexadecyl alcohol 7.4g 50 maximum Duch, Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita propylene glycol 90 g moschata. stearic acid 1.3 g glycerol monostearate 4.4g 13. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cucurbitine triethylamine 3.6 g component is selected from the group consisting of preservative 0.3g cucurbitine, cucurbitine monohydrobromide, cucurbitine water qs 100 g dihydrobromide, cucurbitine monohydrochloride, cucurb 55 itine dihydrochloride, cucurbitine methyl ester and cucurb We claim: itine ethyl ester. 1. A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising from 0.001% to 10% by weight of a cucurbitine component