DOCSLIB.ORG

Representations, Racialization, and Resistance: Exploring Asian American Picturebooks, 1993-2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Representations, Racialization, and Resistance: Exploring Asian American Picturebooks, 1993-2018 REPRESENTATIONS, RACIALIZATION, AND RESISTANCE: EXPLORING ASIAN AMERICAN PICTUREBOOKS, 1993-2018 Joanne Heejoo Yi Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education, Indiana University December 2020 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee ________________________________________ Donna Adomat, EdD, Chair ________________________________________ Sharon Daley, PhD ________________________________________ Mitzi Lewison, PhD ________________________________________ Robert Kunzman, PhD December 7, 2020 ii Copyright © 2020 Joanne Yi iii To Halmoni iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation marks the end of a long, arduous road of profound learning and the start of a new chapter. Along the way, I have been indebted to so many people who have influenced my work, supported and encouraged me, and kept me afloat. I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude towards my committee for their support. The courses I took with Dr. Mitzi Lewison and Dr. Robert Kunzman were some of the most impactful of my graduate career as I encountered new ways to perceive democracy, literacy, and equity. Not only that, but I was confronted each class with their personhood and was inspired by their thoughtfulness and integrity. I have been uplifted by the support of Dr. Sharon Daley, who is an example of the very best teachers you had as a child or read about in books. Her kindness, dependability, and professionalism are a boon to all who encounter her in places of learning. Finally, I cannot express the depth of my gratitude for my dissertation chair and advisor, Dr. Donna Adomat. I remember the very first email I received from her welcoming me to IU and inviting me to her children’s literature class. I did not know yet what it meant to be a scholar, and I was genuinely surprised and humbled by her unwavering belief in our potential as scholars with something important to contribute. She called us “future colleagues,” invited us to conferences, and encouraged us to submit our final projects to research journals. She sparked my deep dive into Asian American literature and propelled me forward on a path I had not realized was before me. She has been my advocate, firmly teaching, supporting, and mentoring me for seven years running, and I am utterly thankful. I am so grateful to my colleagues and professors for their support, which I have felt deeply over the years. I recall the many handwritten notes sent in the mail or tacked to the wall of my carrel, the emails in capital letters saying, “YOU CAN DO THIS!,” the brief (as well as the extra-long) conversations in the hallways of the SoE, the texts, care packages, and more. To Heidi, Amanda, Adam, Jill, Casey, Breanya, Mike, and Arnell—I will not forget the kindness, laughter, and conversations, which so often v appeared when I needed them most. I also wish to acknowledge the Asian American scholars I have met along this journey. Sarah, Ji, Betina, Jung, Erica, Poushali, Paul, Noreen, Nithya, and Marina have been a constant source of laughter, challenge, and learning, and the very best model of what a supportive network of colleagues looks like. More than that, their commitment to Asian American representation is a true source of inspiration and motivation. Thank you. Of course, I owe my mental sanity and so much of my academic and personal growth to my dear friends Alex and Summer. I feel like I won the lotto in my friendships with them. Not only did their nearly daily barrage of texts bring me so much laughter and support, but they buoyed me in the deepest trenches of this dissertation work, offering me encouragement and perspective to keep moving forward. Finally, my journey as a graduate student and scholar would not have been possible without the unwavering love, patience, and support of my family. My parents, Steven and Healim Yi, are the embodiment of love and sacrifice. I understand the beauty, struggle, and resilience of the Asian American experience because of them. My husband, Grey, and my children, Judah, Teddy, and Moss, have kept me rooted and planted where I need to be most, and I love you always. Last but not least, I could not have completed this dissertation without my sister, Annie. Her love and care for the kids gave me the space, time, and peace of mind to write, and her challenging questions and insights about my research improved and progressed this work in innumerable ways. vi Joanne Yi REPRESENTATIONS, RACIALIZATION, AND RESISTANCE: EXPLORING ASIAN AMERICAN PICTUREBOOKS, 1993-2018 This qualitative study explores representations of Asian Americans in picturebooks through a critical content analysis. While public interests in diversity and equity in children’s literature have increased in recent years, the nature of the publication growth of Asian American books for young readers is largely unknown due to the industry practice of conflating Asian and Asian American content and authorship. This study addresses gaps in literacy research by providing a comprehensive examination of 356 Asian American picturebooks spanning 26 years. In addition, this study uses data from the Cooperative Children’s Book Center, including publishing rates and trends, to look beyond the texts at the systemic forces affecting children’s literature. This study uses a conceptual framework grounded in Asian American Critical Race Theory (AsianCrit), which describes the specific mechanisms of racialization experienced by Asian Americans in the United States. To consider how Asian Americans are represented and racialized in picturebooks, the study focused on the following questions: (1) How are Asian American picturebooks represented, in regard to publication rates and trends over time, within the broader context of Asian Pacific (AP) and Asian Pacific American (APA) children’s literature?, (2) How are Asian Americans represented in picturebooks according to genre?, and (3) How are Asian Americans represented in picturebooks according to racial/heritage identity? The major findings of this study demonstrate that Asian American picturebooks have been published in marginal numbers since 1993 and continue to be infrequently produced. While many Asian American authors and illustrators demonstrated resistance to racializing mechanisms in their texts, the picturebooks comprised limited genres that recurrently represented Asian Americans using stereotypical tropes, such as the forever foreigner and the model minority. The texts also largely conflated Asian vii American identities with East Asian identities, leading to a neglect and silencing of South Asian and Southeast Asian perspectives. The omissions of heritage identities, genres, and character roles revealed how racialized representations are constructed and maintained in picturebooks. Simultaneously, the need to increase the number of texts, genres, and perspectives in picturebooks suggests how advocacy efforts towards equitable representations may be directed. ________________________________________ Donna Adomat, EdD, Chair ________________________________________ Sharon Daley, PhD ________________________________________ Mitzi Lewison, PhD ________________________________________ Robert Kunzman, PhD viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. xiv LIST OF APPENDICES......................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Asian Americans in the United States ........................................................................................................... 4 Asian American Children’s Literature ............................................................................................................ 6 The Problem ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Purpose of Study .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................ 11 Significance of Study .................................................................................................................................... 11 Content and Organization of Chapters ........................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .......................................................................................... 15 Key Constructs and Terminology ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Visual Development Processes for a Multicultural Storytelling Tool
    348 CONFIA . International Conference on Ilustration & Animation Viana do Castelo . Portugal . June 2019 . ISBN: 978-989-54489-1-3 Visual Development Processes for a Multicultural Storytelling Tool Gabriela Sá1, Douglas Menegazzi2, Ana Paula Caruso3, and Cristina Sylla4 {gabrielasa, douglasmenegazzi, anapaulacaruso, cristinasylla}@mobeybou.com [Drawing and Video Games / Desenho e Videojogos] Abstract Keywords Visual Development, This paper presents the evolution of the visual development process for Multiculturalism, Mobeybou, a digital manipulative that aims at promoting multicultural Representation. awareness through creative storytelling. It presents children with a variety of characters, objects and landscapes from various cultures around the world. Here, we refect on three diferent approaches of the visual devel- opment, and on how to efectively create visual elements that represent a given culture, which have the potential to foster the children’s imagination and creativity. The frst approach was carried out by a single illustrator and was mainly informed by research on the web. It was time efcient and resulted in the creation of visual elements that may have been too obvious. The second one took longer, had more input from other team members and often resorted to pop culture as reference; the resulting visual elements were easily identifed by the children, probably because they depicted somewhat stereotyped representations. The third approach was a collabo- rative process from the start, that relied heavily on the opinions and insight of people who were born and raised in the country being represented. It resulted in a more complex relationship between the visuals and the culture they portrayed, which was potentially enriching for the viewer but may hamper the immediate identifcation of the culture.
    [Show full text]
  • No Words, No Problem, P.15 Genre Legends: 8Pm, Upfront Theatre
    THE GRISTLE, P.06 + ORCHARD OUTING, P.14 + BEER WEEK, P.30 c a s c a d i a REPORTING FROM THE HEART OF CASCADIA WHATCOM SKAGIT ISLAND COUNTIES 04-25-2018* • ISSUE:*17 • V.13 PIPELINE PROTESTS Protecting the Salish Sea, P.08 SKAGIT STOP Art at the schoolhouse, P.16 MARK LANEGAN A post- Celebrate AGI grunge SK T powerhouse, P.18 No words, no problem, P.15 Genre Legends: 8pm, Upfront Theatre Paula Poundstone: 8pm, Lincoln Theatre, Mount 30 A brief overview of this Vernon Backyard Brawl: 10pm, Upfront Theatre FOOD week’s happenings THISWEEK DANCE Contra Dance: 7-10:30pm, Fairhaven Library 24 MUSIC Dylan Foley, Eamon O’Leary: 7pm, Littlefield B-BOARD Celtic Center, Mount Vernon Skagit Symphony: 7:30pm, McIntyre Hall, Mount Vernon 23 WORDS FILM Book and Bake Sale: 10am-5pm, Deming Library Naomi Shihab Nye: 7pm, Performing Arts Center, Politically powered standup WWU 18 comedian Hari Kondabolu COMMUNITY MUSIC Vaisaikhi Day Celebration: 10am-5pm, Guru Nanak stops by Bellingham for an April Gursikh Gurdwaram, Lynden 16 GET OUT ART 29 gig at the Wild Buffalo Have a Heart Run: 9am, Edgewater Park, Mount Vernon 15 Everson Garden Club Sale: 9am-1pm, Everson- Goshen Rd. Native Flora Fair: 10am-3pm, Fairhaven Village STAGE Green 14 FOOD Pancake Breakfast: 8-10am, American Legion Hall, Ferndale GET OUT Pancake Breakfast: 8-10:30am, Lynden Community Center Bellingham Farmers Market: 10am-3pm, Depot 12 Market Square WORDS VISUAL Roger Small Reception: 5-7pm, Forum Arts, La WEDNESDAY [04.25.18] Conner 8 Spring has Sprung Party: 5-9pm, Matzke Fine Art MUSIC Gallery, Camano Island F.A.M.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting by High School: Identity Formation and the Educational Achievements of Punjabi Young Men in Surrey, B.C
    GETTING BY HIGH SCHOOL: IDENTITY FORMATION AND THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF PUNJABI YOUNG MEN IN SURREY, B.C. by HEATHER DANIELLE FROST M.A., The University of Toronto, 2002 B.A., The University of Toronto, 2000 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Geography) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2010 © Heather Danielle Frost, 2010 Abstract This thesis is concerned with the lives and educational achievements of young Indo-Canadians, specifically the high school aged sons of Punjabi parents who immigrated to Canada beginning in the 1970s, and who were born or who have had the majority of their schooling in Canada‟s public school system. I examine how these young people develop and articulate a sense of who they are in the context of their parents‟ immigration and the extent to which their identities are determined and conditioned by their everyday lives. I also grapple with the implications of identity formation for the educational achievements of second generation youth by addressing how the identity choices made by young Punjabi Canadian men influence their educational performances. Using data collected by the Ministry of Education of British Columbia, I develop a quantitative profile of the educational achievements of Punjabi students enrolled in public secondary schools in the Greater Vancouver Region. This profile indicates that while most Punjabi students are completing secondary school, many, particularly the young men, are graduating with grade point averages at the lower end of the continuum and are failing to meet provincial expectations in Foundation Skills Assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • The N-Word : Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings Anne V
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2009 The N-word : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings Anne V. Benfield Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Race and Ethnicity Commons, Sociology of Culture Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Benfield, Anne V., "The -wN ord : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings" (2009). Honors Theses. 1433. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1433 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The N-Word: Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings By Anne V. Benfield * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Sociology UNION COLLEGE June, 2009 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter One: Literature Review Etymology 7 Early Uses 8 Fluidity in the Twentieth Century 11 The Commercialization of Nigger 12 The Millennium 15 Race as a Determinant 17 Gender Binary 19 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 23 Generational Difference 25 Chapter Two: Methodology Sociological Theories 29 W.E.B DuBois’ “Double-Consciousness” 34 Qualitative Research Instrument: Focus Groups 38 Chapter Three: Results and Discussion Demographics 42 Generational Difference 43 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 47 Gender Binary 51 Race as a Determinant 55 The Ambiguity of Nigger vs.
    [Show full text]
  • A COMMUNITY of CONTRASTS Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the San Gabriel Valley
    2018 A COMMUNITY OF CONTRASTS Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the San Gabriel Valley SAN GABRIEL VALLEY CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Introduction . 1 The SGV . disaggregated by ethnic group . Recognizing sig- Executive Summary . 2 nificant social and economic diversity among Asian The 626 . Map . 4 Americans, it includes data on immigration, lan- guage, education, income, housing, health, and Demographics . 5 The Asian American community in the San Gabriel Valley is one of the most iconic in the United States . environmental justice for eight ethnic groups . Economic Contributions . 8 Located in Los Angeles County just south of the Second, this report makes the data accessible to com- Civic Engagement . 9 San Gabriel Mountains, the region is home to over munity organizations, community members, policy Immigration . 10 half a million Asian Americans, more than in makers, foundations, businesses, and others look- Language . 11 Los Angeles, San Francisco, or Chicago . It is known ing to better understand and serve Asian American Education . 14 for its vibrant Chinese American community and, of communities . By soliciting feedback on content from Income . 15 course, its food . key stakeholders, consolidating important data from disparate government and academic sources, Employment . 16 Yet both the history and current reality of the and presenting them in a way that is easy to digest, Housing . 18 San Gabriel Valley challenge this simplistic view, the report makes a valuable contribution to our Health . 19 drawing attention to its diversity and ongoing understanding of one of the largest Asian American Environmental Justice . 20 struggles for racial justice . communities in the country . Policy Recommendations .
    [Show full text]
  • Asian and Pacific Islander Ending the Epidemic Advisory Group Implementation Strategies
    Photo: API Advisory Group, January 2020 Asian and Pacific Islander Ending the Epidemic Advisory Group Implementation Strategies For Presentation to the New York State AIDS Advisory Council Ending the Epidemic Subcommittee July 15th, 2020 Contents Asian and Pacific Islander Ending the Epidemic Advisory Group Members ....................................... 2 Introduction: ............................................................................................................................ 3 Historical Context ..................................................................................................................... 4 Advisory Group Process: ............................................................................................................ 7 Focus Area 1: Data .................................................................................................................... 8 Focus Area 2: Trust-Building and Stigma Reduction ......................................................................19 Focus Area 3: Prevention, Linkage and Retention.........................................................................28 Resources: ............................................................................................................................29 1 Asian and Pacific Islander Ending the Epidemic Advisory Group Members Chair: Therese Rodriguez, Apicha Community Health Center NYS Department of Health, AIDS Institute Liaisons: Sean Ball, JD, Office of Planning and Community Affairs Margaret Brown, Office of Planning
    [Show full text]
  • RACIALIZATION CHAPTERCHAPTER 24 1 How to Do Races with Bodies
    RACIALIZATION CHAPTERCHAPTER 24 1 How To Do Races With Bodies Didier Fassin “It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels this two-ness – an Ameri- can, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps from being torn asunder.” (W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folks) In the late 1990s, France discovered the existence of racial discrimination. Racism was indeed not a novelty in the post-colonial Republic, but until then it was considered to be a cognitive issue (prejudices) circumscribed to ideological margins (the far right) and violent extremes (hate crimes). Racial discrimination by contrast represented an objective fact that did not need intention, concerned society as a whole, and occurred in ordinary contexts (Fassin 2002). This late discovery led the Socialist government to develop policies for the prevention, measurement, and sanctioning of racial dis- crimination. A new legislation was passed to make it easier for victims of unequal treatment to be recognized as such in courts. A national commission was created to develop expertise and propose recommendations, but also to provide concrete responses to these victims. In particular, a telephone hotline collected their testimonies and informed them about their rights. During the first two years of its functioning, the “listeners” who had been recruited specifically to receive the complaints handled 86,000 phone calls.
    [Show full text]
  • The Omission of Anti-Semitism in Anti-Racism
    The Omission of Anti-Semitism in Anti-Racism by CarobAnn Reed Two identifiable trends in this work the most easily recognizable distinc- which are important to distinguish tion between the "New" and "Old" L'auteure discute des d~ff&entesfa~ons are what I call broad-based anti-rac- World peoples was given a hierarchi- dr percevoir Irs questions dc race et & ism and narrowly-focused anti-rac- cal social signification-that is, those raheet ehamlyJe fimpact & ces ism. Woik which I would classify as with lighter skin colour from the Old vues sur fa position qu bccupe narrowly focusedanti-racismincludes "civilized" European World were in- l 'antisdmitisme dans les projets the work of C. Mullard, G. Brandt, herently superior to the darker H. Carby and the skinned inhabitants of the New "un- earlier work of A. tamedn World. Thus the idea of race Sivanandan. Work and the history of racism is linked to The motivation fir the birth of tbe ideology I would classify as the primary exploitable difference ofracism was to make the monetary broad-based kti- between First and "New" Worldpeo- racism includes the ples' skin colour. To narrowly-fo- expLoitation of the newly &covered hrL work of B. Troyna, cused anti-racists this generative mo- and their peop les morally pahbk J. Williams, B. ment and the colonization that fol- Carter and P. lowed it was of paramount impor- Cohen. It is im- tance in the formation of race rela- antiracistes. L 'autcuredimonm com- portant to first identifj and then ex- tions. Brandt, for example, main- mrntdtff.?rentes intnprttationsdr ques- plicate these two visions of anti-rac- tains that the sixteenth and seven- tions essmtiefks au sein du discourn ism because each has adifferent inter- teenth centuries antiraciste ont encouragt l'cxclusion pretation of the central issues within d'une conscience antishnitique hnsces anti-racist discourse and, in myopin- can be seen as a crucial moment projets.
    [Show full text]
  • Parenting, Identity and Culture in an Era of Migration and Globalization: How Bangladeshi Parents Navigate and Negotiate Child-Rearing Practices in the Usa
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses October 2018 PARENTING, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN AN ERA OF MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESHI PARENTS NAVIGATE AND NEGOTIATE CHILD-REARING PRACTICES IN THE USA Mohammad Mahboob Morshed University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the International and Comparative Education Commons Recommended Citation Morshed, Mohammad Mahboob, "PARENTING, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN AN ERA OF MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESHI PARENTS NAVIGATE AND NEGOTIATE CHILD-REARING PRACTICES IN THE USA" (2018). Doctoral Dissertations. 1373. https://doi.org/10.7275/12682074 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1373 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PARENTING, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN AN ERA OF MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESHI PARENTS NAVIGATE AND NEGOTIATE CHILD-REARING PRACTICES IN THE USA A Dissertation Presented by MOHAMMAD MAHBOOB MORSHED Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2018 College of Education © Copyright by Mohammad Mahboob Morshed 2018 All Rights Reserved PARENTING, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN AN ERA OF MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESHI PARENTS NAVIGATE AND NEGOTIATE CHILD-REARING PRACTICES IN THE USA A Dissertation Presented by MOHAMMAD MAHBOOB MORSHED Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________ Jacqueline R.
    [Show full text]
  • National Day Awards 2019
    1 NATIONAL DAY AWARDS 2019 THE ORDER OF TEMASEK (WITH DISTINCTION) [Darjah Utama Temasek (Dengan Kepujian)] Name Designation 1 Mr J Y Pillay Former Chairman, Council of Presidential Advisers 1 2 THE ORDER OF NILA UTAMA (WITH HIGH DISTINCTION) [Darjah Utama Nila Utama (Dengan Kepujian Tinggi)] Name Designation 1 Mr Lim Chee Onn Member, Council of Presidential Advisers 林子安 2 3 THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER [Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang] Name Designation 1 Mr Ang Kong Hua Chairman, Sembcorp Industries Ltd 洪光华 Chairman, GIC Investment Board 2 Mr Chiang Chie Foo Chairman, CPF Board 郑子富 Chairman, PUB 3 Dr Gerard Ee Hock Kim Chairman, Charities Council 余福金 3 4 THE MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL [Pingat Jasa Gemilang] Name Designation 1 Ms Ho Peng Advisor and Former Director-General of 何品 Education 2 Mr Yatiman Yusof Chairman, Malay Language Council Board of Advisors 4 5 THE PUBLIC SERVICE STAR (BAR) [Bintang Bakti Masyarakat (Lintang)] Name Designation Chua Chu Kang GRC 1 Mr Low Beng Tin, BBM Honorary Chairman, Nanyang CCC 刘明镇 East Coast GRC 2 Mr Koh Tong Seng, BBM, P Kepujian Chairman, Changi Simei CCC 许中正 Jalan Besar GRC 3 Mr Tony Phua, BBM Patron, Whampoa CCC 潘东尼 Nee Soon GRC 4 Mr Lim Chap Huat, BBM Patron, Chong Pang CCC 林捷发 West Coast GRC 5 Mr Ng Soh Kim, BBM Honorary Chairman, Boon Lay CCMC 黄素钦 Bukit Batok SMC 6 Mr Peter Yeo Koon Poh, BBM Honorary Chairman, Bukit Batok CCC 杨崐堡 Bukit Panjang SMC 7 Mr Tan Jue Tong, BBM Vice-Chairman, Bukit Panjang C2E 陈维忠 Hougang SMC 8 Mr Lien Wai Poh, BBM Chairman, Hougang CCC 连怀宝 Ministry of Home Affairs
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF} Tar Baby Pdf Free Download
    TAR BABY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Toni Morrison | 320 pages | 08 Jun 2004 | Random House USA Inc | 9781400033447 | English | New York, United States Tar Baby | Disney Wiki | Fandom He makes his way to the mansion on top of the tallest hill, enters the unlocked home and lives there almost unnoticed for five days. During that time he steals a little food, mostly chocolate, and a few bottles of water. He hides in closets and only comes out at night. She too is black… mulatto actually, the niece of the servants. Her name is Jadine Jade. Son steals into her room at night just to watch her sleep, night after night, and he falls in love with her. One night she goes into her closet to get some clothes and finds Son just sitting there, a huge black man She becomes frantic, screams, and Sydney comes with a gun and brings Son down into the dining room. The two chat; Jade joins the conversation, and Son is taken aback by her friendliness to the old white man though he has been her patron and paid for her education at the Sorbonne. Son is allowed to live in the house for a few days while Valerian tries to get papers that will let him to go back to the US. So Valerian invites the servants to share Christmas dinner. The servants get dressed up and, during dinner, Ondine reveals what she alone knows: that Margret tortured young Michael as a little boy, she stuck pins in him, burned him with cigarettes, had to fight off the temptation to do much more.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseball in Japan and the US History, Culture, and Future Prospects by Daniel A
    Sports, Culture, and Asia Baseball in Japan and the US History, Culture, and Future Prospects By Daniel A. Métraux A 1927 photo of Kenichi Zenimura, the father of Japanese-American baseball, standing between Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth. Source: Japanese BallPlayers.com at http://tinyurl.com/zzydv3v. he essay that follows, with a primary focus on professional baseball, is intended as an in- troductory comparative overview of a game long played in the US and Japan. I hope it will provide readers with some context to learn more about a complex, evolving, and, most of all, Tfascinating topic, especially for lovers of baseball on both sides of the Pacific. Baseball, although seriously challenged by the popularity of other sports, has traditionally been considered America’s pastime and was for a long time the nation’s most popular sport. The game is an original American sport, but has sunk deep roots into other regions, including Latin America and East Asia. Baseball was introduced to Japan in the late nineteenth century and became the national sport there during the early post-World War II period. The game as it is played and organized in both countries, however, is considerably different. The basic rules are mostly the same, but cultural differences between Americans and Japanese are clearly reflected in how both nations approach their versions of baseball. Although players from both countries have flourished in both American and Japanese leagues, at times the cultural differences are substantial, and some attempts to bridge the gaps have ended in failure. Still, while doubtful the Japanese version has changed the American game, there is some evidence that the American version has exerted some changes in the Japanese game.
    [Show full text]