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The N-Word : Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings Anne V
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2009 The N-word : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings Anne V. Benfield Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Race and Ethnicity Commons, Sociology of Culture Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Benfield, Anne V., "The -wN ord : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings" (2009). Honors Theses. 1433. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1433 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The N-Word: Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings By Anne V. Benfield * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Sociology UNION COLLEGE June, 2009 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter One: Literature Review Etymology 7 Early Uses 8 Fluidity in the Twentieth Century 11 The Commercialization of Nigger 12 The Millennium 15 Race as a Determinant 17 Gender Binary 19 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 23 Generational Difference 25 Chapter Two: Methodology Sociological Theories 29 W.E.B DuBois’ “Double-Consciousness” 34 Qualitative Research Instrument: Focus Groups 38 Chapter Three: Results and Discussion Demographics 42 Generational Difference 43 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 47 Gender Binary 51 Race as a Determinant 55 The Ambiguity of Nigger vs. -
Free Speech Or Hate Speech? a Conversation Regarding State V
Free Speech or Hate Speech? A Conversation Regarding State v. Liebenguth November 16, 2020 4:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. CT Bar Association Webinar CT Bar Institute, Inc. CT: 2.0 CLE Credits (1.0 General / 1.0 Ethics) NY:2.0 CLE Credits (1.0 AOP / 1.0 Ethics) No representation or warranty is made as to the accuracy of these materials. Readers should check primary sources where appropriate and use the traditional legal research techniques to make sure that the information has not been affected or changed by recent developments. Page 1 of 163 Table of Contents Lawyers’ Principles of Professionalism...................................................................................................................3 Agenda ....................................................................................................................................................................6 Faculty Biographies ................................................................................................................................................7 Hate Crime Laws ..................................................................................................................................................10 State v. Liebenguth ................................................................................................................................................26 State v. Liebenguth 181 Conn.App. 37 ..................................................................................................................49 State v. Baccala .....................................................................................................................................................67 -
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Slurs and Thick Terms Bianca Cepollaro
The Semantics and Pragmatics of slurs and thick terms Bianca Cepollaro To cite this version: Bianca Cepollaro. The Semantics and Pragmatics of slurs and thick terms. Philosophy. Uni- versité Paris sciences et lettres; Scuola normale superiore (Pise, Italie), 2017. English. NNT : 2017PSLEE003. tel-01508856 HAL Id: tel-01508856 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01508856 Submitted on 14 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT de l’Université de recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres PSL Research University Préparée dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa et École Normale Supérieure, Paris La sémantique et la pragmatique des termes d’offense et des termes éthiques épais Ecole doctorale n°540 ÉCOLE TRANSDISCIPLINAIRE LETTRES/SCIENCES Spécialité Philosophie COMPOSITION DU JURY : Mme. JESHION Robin University of South California, Rapporteur M. VÄYRYNEN Pekka University of Leeds, Rapporteur Mme. BIANCHI Claudia Soutenue par Bianca Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Membre du jury CEPOLLARO Le 20 janvier 2017h Mme. SBISÀ Marina Università degli Studi di Trieste, Membre du jury Dirigée par Pier Marco BERTINETTO et Isidora STOJANOVIC The semantics and pragmatics of slurs and thick terms Bianca Cepollaro Abstract In this thesis I develop a uniform account of slurs and thick terms in terms of presuppositions. -
Hostile Public Accommodations Laws and the First Amendment
HOSTILE PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS LAWS AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT Daniel Koontz* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 198 I. OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS LAWS ......................... 206 II. PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS LAWS ARE NOT DEFENSIBLE UNDER EXISTING FIRST AMENDMENT EXCEPTIONS ..................................................................................... 211 A. Public Accommodations Laws Are Viewpoint-Based Regulations .............................................. 211 B. The “Speech As Conduct” Argument ................................. 213 C. The “Speech Devoid of Intellectual Content” Argument ................................................................................ 216 D. Commercial Speech................................................................ 217 E. Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions ................................. 218 F. Captive Audience................................................................... 219 III. PROPOSED FIRST AMENDMENT EXCEPTION ................................... 225 * Articles Editor, UCLA Law Review. J.D. Candidate, UCLA School of Law, May 2008. Special thanks to Eugene Volokh for suggesting this topic and providing many helpful comments on previous drafts. Thanks also to the editors of the NYU Journal of Law & Liberty for providing excellent editorial comments and suggestions. 197 198 NYU Journal of Law & Liberty [Vol. 3:197 A. Creating a New First Amendment Exception is Preferable to Upholding the Regulations -
Representations: Doing Asian American Rhetoric
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@USU Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All USU Press Publications USU Press 2008 Representations: Doing Asian American Rhetoric LuMing Mao Morris Young Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs Part of the Rhetoric and Composition Commons Recommended Citation Mao, LuMing and Young, Morris, "Representations: Doing Asian American Rhetoric" (2008). All USU Press Publications. 164. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs/164 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USU Press at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All USU Press Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPRESENTATIONS REPRESENTATIONS Doing Asian American Rhetoric edited by LUMING MAO AND MORRIS YOUNG UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS Logan, Utah 2008 Utah State University Press Logan, Utah 84322–7800 © 2008 Utah State University Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Cover design by Barbara Yale-Read Cover art, “All American Girl I” by Susan Sponsler. Used by permission. ISBN: 978-0-87421-724-7 (paper) ISBN: 978-0-87421-725-4 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Representations : doing Asian American rhetoric / edited by LuMing Mao and Morris Young. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-87421-724-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-87421-725-4 (e-book) 1. English language--Rhetoric--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers. 2. Asian Americans--Education--Language arts. 3. Asian Americans--Cultural assimilation. -
US-Raised Koreans and the Complexities of ‘Return’
Nostalgic for the Unfamiliar: US-Raised Koreans and the Complexities of ‘Return’ A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Stephen Cho Suh IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Lisa Sun-Hee Park June 2016 Copyright Stephen Cho Suh 2016 Acknowledgements I would like to take a moment to acknowledge and sincerely thank all those who contributed in various capacities to the completion of this dissertation thesis. In addition, I would like to give special consideration to… …my non-academic friends and family, particularly my father and sister. You all stuck with me through thick and thin, even when you did not necessarily understand nor agree with my rationale for toiling away for years in the Midwest. Your texts, emails, and phone calls helped to keep me grounded. …the staff, faculty, and graduate students in the Department of Sociology at the University of Minnesota, particularly the cohort of 2009. You were my home and family for the past seven years. …the editorial staff at The Society Pages, especially Douglas Hartmann, Chris Uggen, and Letta Wren Page. My writing and overall understanding of the field benefited tremendously from my experience as a graduate student board member. …the members of the Critical Race and Ethnic Studies graduate group, the Race Reading Group, and the Asian American Studies program at the University of Minnesota. Not only did you all make me feel as though I really belonged in academia, many of you also read through and provided invaluable comments for a countless number of my drafts. -
Unpopular Culture and Explore Its Critical Possibilities and Ramifications from a Large Variety of Perspectives
15 mm front 153 mm 8 mm 19,9 mm 8 mm front 153 mm 15 mm 15 mm TELEVISUAL CULTURE TELEVISUAL CULTURE This collection includes eighteen essays that introduce the concept of Lüthe and Pöhlmann (eds) unpopular culture and explore its critical possibilities and ramifications from a large variety of perspectives. Proposing a third term that operates beyond the dichotomy of high culture and mass culture and yet offers a fresh approach to both, these essays address a multitude of different topics that can all be classified as unpopular culture. From David Foster Wallace and Ernest Hemingway to Zane Grey, from Christian rock and country to clack cetal, from Steven Seagal to Genesis (Breyer) P-Orridge, from K-pop to The Real Housewives, from natural disasters to 9/11, from thesis hatements to professional sports, these essays find the unpopular across media and genres, and they analyze the politics and the aesthetics of an unpopular culture (and the unpopular in culture) that has not been duly recognized as such by the theories and methods of cultural studies. Martin Lüthe is an associate professor in North American Cultural Studies at the John F. Kennedy-Institute at Freie Universität Berlin. Unpopular Culture Sascha Pöhlmann is an associate professor in American Literary History at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich. 240 mm Martin Lüthe and Sascha Pöhlmann (eds) Unpopular Culture ISBN: 978-90-8964-966-9 AUP.nl 9 789089 649669 15 mm Unpopular Culture Televisual Culture The ‘televisual’ names a media culture generally in which television’s multiple dimensions have shaped and continue to alter the coordinates through which we understand, theorize, intervene, and challenge contemporary media culture. -
The Social Life of Slurs
The Social Life of Slurs Geoff Nunberg School of Information, UC Berkeley Jan. 22, 2016 To appear in Daniel Fogal, Daniel Harris, and Matt Moss (eds.) (2017): New Work on Speech Acts (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press). Chaque mot a son histoire. —Jules Gilliéron A Philological Caution The Emergence of Slurs We wear two hats when we talk about slurs, as engaged citizens and as scholars of language. The words had very little theoretical interest for philosophy or linguistic semantics before they took on a symbolic role in the culture wars that broke out in and around the academy in the 1980s.1 But once scholars’ attention was drawn to the topic, they began to discern connections to familiar problems in meta-ethics, semantics, and the philosophy of language. The apparent dual nature of the words—they seem both to describe and to evaluate or express— seemed to make them an excellent test bed for investigations of non-truth-conditional aspects of meaning, of certain types of moral language, of Fregean “coloring,” and of hybrid or “thick” terms, among other things. There are some writers who take slurs purely as a topical jumping-off point for addressing those issues and don’t make any explicit effort to bring their discussions back to the social questions that drew scholars’ attention to the words in the first place. But most seem to feel that their research ought to have some significance beyond the confines of the common room. That double perspective can leave us a little wall-eyed, as we try to track slurs as both a social and linguistic phenomenon. -
Slurs, Stereotypes, and In-Equality: a Critical Review of “How Epithets and Stereotypes Are Racially Unequal”
Language Sciences xxx (2014) 1–16 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Language Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/langsci Slurs, stereotypes, and in-equality: a critical review of “How Epithets and Stereotypes are Racially Unequal” Adam M. Croom* Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, 619 Williams Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States Department of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania, 433 Cohen Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States article info abstract Article history: Are racial slurs always offensive and are racial stereotypes always negative? How, if at all, Available online xxx are racial slurs and stereotypes different and unequal for members of different races? Questions like these and others about slurs and stereotypes have been the focus of much Keywords: research and hot debate lately, and in a recent article Embrick and Henricks (2013) aimed Slurs to address some of the aforementioned questions by investigating the use of racial slurs Stereotypes and stereotypes in the workplace. Embrick and Henricks (2013) drew upon the empirical Re-appropriation data they collected at a baked goods company in the southwestern United States to argue Semantics exclude minorities but Pragmatics that racial slurs and stereotypes function as symbolic resources that Philosophy of language not whites from opportunities or resources and that racial slurs and stereotypes are necessarily considered as negative or derogatory irrespective of their particular context of use (pp. 197–202). They thus proposed an account of slurs and stereotypes that supports the context-insensitive position of Fitten (1993) and Hedger (2013) yet challenges the context- sensitive position of Kennedy (2002) and Croom (2011). -
The Immigrant and Asian American Politics of Visibility
ANXIETIES OF THE FICTIVE: THE IMMIGRANT AND ASIAN AMERICAN POLITICS OF VISIBILITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY SOYOUNG SONJIA HYON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RODERICK A. FERGUSON JOSEPHINE D. LEE ADVISERS JUNE 2011 © Soyoung Sonjia Hyon 2011 All Rights Reserved i Acknowledgements There are many collaborators to this dissertation. These are only some of them. My co-advisers Roderick Ferguson and Josephine Lee mentored me into intellectual maturity. Rod provided the narrative arc that structures this dissertation a long time ago and alleviated my anxieties of disciplinarity. He encouraged me to think of scholarship as an enjoyable practice and livelihood. Jo nudged me to focus on the things that made me curious and were fun. Her unflappable spirit was nourishing and provided a path to the finishing line. Karen Ho’s graduate seminar taught me a new language and framework to think through discourses of power that was foundational to my project. Her incisive insights always push my thinking to new grounds. The legends around Jigna Desai’s generosity and productive feedback proved true, and I am lucky to have her on my committee. The administrative staff and faculty in American Studies and Asian American Studies at the University of Minnesota have always been very patient and good to me. I recognize their efforts to tame unruly and manic graduate students like myself. I especially thank Melanie Steinman for her administrative prowess and generous spirit. Funding from the American Studies Department and the Leonard Memorial Film Fellowship supported this dissertation. -
Nigger: a Critical Race Realist Analysis of the N-Word Within Hate Crimes Law, 98 J
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 98 Article 3 Issue 4 Summer Summer 2008 Nigger: A Critical Race Realist Analysis of the N- Word within Hate Crimes Law Gregory S. Parks Shayne E. Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Gregory S. Parks, Shayne E. Jones, Nigger: A Critical Race Realist Analysis of the N-Word within Hate Crimes Law, 98 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 1305 (2007-2008) This Criminal Law is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/08/9804-1305 THE JOURNALOF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 98, No. 4 Copyright © 2008 by Northwestern University, School of Law Printed in U.S.A. "NIGGER": A CRITICAL RACE REALIST ANALYSIS OF THE N-WORD WITHIN HATE CRIMES LAW GREGORY S. PARKS* & SHAYNE E. JONES** A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanged, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and the time in which it is used. -- Oliver Wendell Holmes Although the slang epithet "nigger" may once have been in common usage ... [it] has become particularly abusive and insulting ... as it pertains to the American Negro. 2 -Louis H. Burke [C]rimes motivated by bigotry usually arise not out of the pathological rantings and ravings of a few deviant types in organized hate groups, but out of the very mainstream of society. -
African American Soldiers and Race Relations in The
Race in the Crucible of War: African American Soldiers and Race Relations in the “Nam” A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Gerald F. Goodwin August 2014 © 2014 Gerald F. Goodwin. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Race in the Crucible of War: African American Soldiers and Race Relations in the “Nam” by GERALD F. GOODWIN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Chester Pach Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 Abstract GOODWIN, GERALD F., Ph.D., August 2014, History Race in the Crucible of War: African American Soldiers and Race Relations in the “Nam” Director of Dissertation: Chester Pach For African Americans soldiers serving in the armed forces during the Vietnam War the domestic scene loomed large. African Americans perceived racial issues—race relations, prejudice, and discrimination—in Vietnam through a lens heavily influenced by their earlier experiences in the United States. Issues related to race and race relations helped to define the African American experience in the United States, and these same issues defined the experiences of black soldiers in Vietnam. Race relations in combat were typified by cooperation, shared sacrifice, and a sense of brotherhood. These positive relations were largely a reflection of the fact that black and white soldiers in combat were heavily dependent on one another. Despite these positive interactions with whites, African Americans did not view the armed forces as an institution free of racial prejudice.