DOCSLIB.ORG

Young People's Travel Behaviour

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Young People's Travel Behaviour Young People’s Travel – What’s Changed and Why? Review and Analysis Final Report The Centre for Transport & Society, UWE Bristol & Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford Authors: Kiron ChatterjeeU*, Phil GoodwinU*, Tim SchwanenO*, Ben ClarkU, Juliet JainU, Steve MeliaU, Jennie MiddletonO, Anna PlyushtevaO, Miriam RicciU, Georgina SantosO and Gordon StokesO (U=UWE Bristol, O=University of Oxford, *= Editors of this report) Preferred form of citation: Chatterjee, K., Goodwin, P., Schwanen, T., Clark, B., Jain, J., Melia, S., Middleton, J., Plyushteva, A., Ricci, M., Santos, G. and Stokes, G. (2018). Young People’s Travel – What’s Changed and Why? Review and Analysis. Report to Department for Transport. UWE Bristol, UK. www.gov.uk/government/publications/young-peoples-travel-whats-changed-and- why January 2018 For any queries or correspondence regarding the report, please contact the UWE Project Manager Kiron Chatterjee Associate Professor of Travel Behaviour Centre for Transport & Society Faculty of Environment & Technology University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Campus Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0) 117 32 82032 i CONTENTS GLOSSARY VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VIII 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. TRENDS IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR 2 2.1 Driving licences 2 2.2 Car access 2 2.3 Total travel 3 2.4 Transport mode use 3 2.5 Car driving distance 4 2.6 Summary 5 3. SOCIETAL TRENDS AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES 13 3.1 Potential influences on young people’s travel behaviour 13 3.2 Demographic situation 15 3.2.1 Postponing of parenthood 15 3.2.2 Increase in cohabitation 15 3.2.3 Migration to the UK 15 3.3 Living situation 15 3.3.1 Living with parents longer 15 3.3.2 Decline in private home ownership 16 3.3.3 Increased urbanisation 17 3.4 Socio-economic situation 17 3.4.1 Increased participation in higher education 17 3.4.2 Increase in women’s labour force participation 18 3.4.3 Increased work in the service sector 18 3.4.4 Increase in low-waged, uncontracted work 19 3.4.5 Decline in disposable income 20 3.5 Information and Communication Technologies 20 3.5.1 Increased ICT use 20 3.5.2 Use of mobile devices to arrange everyday life 21 3.5.3 ICT use whilst travelling on public transport 22 3.5.4 Increase in gaming 22 ii 3.6 Values and attitudes 22 3.6.1 Extended youth 22 3.6.2 Rise of pro-environmental attitudes 23 3.6.3 Decline in cars as status symbols 23 3.7 Transport and mobility 24 3.7.1 Improvements in public transport 24 3.7.2 Stricter driver licensing regime 24 3.7.3 Increased car insurance costs 24 3.7.4 Increased spending on transport 25 3.7.5 Rise of shared mobility 25 3.8 Summary 26 4. WHAT MIGHT BE THE CAUSES OF CHANGE? EXPLANATIONS OFFERED WITHIN PUBLISHED LITERATURE 28 4.1 Driving licences 28 4.2 Car access 29 4.3 Total travel 29 4.4 Transport mode use 30 4.5 Car driving distance 30 4.6 Summary 32 5. WHAT MIGHT BE THE CAUSES OF CHANGE? NEW ANALYSES OF EXISTING DATA 33 5.1 Changes in time spent at home and at journey destinations 33 5.2 Changing spatial distribution of young adults 35 5.3 Life trajectories and travel behaviour 38 5.3.1 Driving licence acquisition 39 5.3.2 Life trajectories and car use 41 5.4 Summary 43 6. SUMMARISING THE EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE 45 6.1 Explaining the travel behaviour trends 45 6.2 Future scenarios 51 6.3 Research recommendations 53 6.4 Conclusions 54 iii 7. REFERENCES 56 APPENDIX A: REVIEW METHODOLOGY 66 APPENDIX B: RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 70 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Trips per Year by Mode for 21-29 Year Olds in Great Britain 1995/97 and 2012 .............................................................................................. 4 Table 2: Distance in Miles per Year by Mode for 21-29 Year Olds in Great Britain 2002 and 2012 .................................................................................. 5 Table 3: Potential Influences on Young People’s Travel Behaviour .................. 14 Table 4: Average Weekly Expenditure on Housing1 by Age Group of the Household Reference Person in UK 2001/2 to 2014 .................................................. 20 Table 5: Smartphone Adoption by Age Group in UK 2012 to 2015 .................... 21 Table 6: Predictors of Driving Licence Acquisition...................................... 40 Table 7: Predictors of Being a Car Driver When Aged 21-28 .......................... 42 Table 8: Assessment of the Effects of Societal Trends and Lifestyle Changes on Young People’s Travel Behaviour .......................................................... 46 Table 9: Evidence on Travel Behaviour Effects of Postponing of Parenthood ...... 48 Table A1: Contribution of Different Study Methodologies to Robust Evidence ..... 68 Table B1: Research Recommendations ................................................... 71 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Percentage of Men with Driving Licence by Age Group in England 1975/76 to 2014 .......................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Percentage of Women with Driving Licence by Age Group in England 1975/76 to 2014 ................................................................................ 6 Figure 3: Licence Holding Progression with Age for Birth Cohorts of Men in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 ............................................................................ 7 Figure 4: Licence Holding Progression with Age for Birth Cohorts of Women in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .................................................................. 7 Figure 5: Personal Car Access for 17-20 Year Olds in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .. 8 Figure 6: Personal Car Access for 21-24 Year Olds in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .. 8 Figure 7: Personal Car Access for 25-29 Year Olds in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .. 8 Figure 8: Personal Car Access for 30-59 Year Olds in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .. 8 Figure 9: Trips per Person per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14... 9 Figure 10: Distance Travelled per Person per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 11: Average Number of Car Driver Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .......................................................................... 10 Figure 12: Average Number of Car Passenger Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 ................................................................ 10 iv Figure 13: Average Number of Walking Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .......................................................................... 10 Figure 14: Average Number of Cycling Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995- 99 to 2010-14 ................................................................................. 10 Figure 15: Average Number of Bus Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .................................................................................... 10 Figure 16: Average Number of Rail Trips per Year by Age Group in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .................................................................................... 10 Figure 17: Average Car Driver Miles per Person per Year for Men by Age in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .......................................................................... 11 Figure 18: Average Car Driver Miles per Person per Year for Women by Age in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 ................................................................ 11 Figure 19: Car Driver Miles Progression with Age for Birth Cohorts of Men in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 .......................................................................... 12 Figure 20: Car Driver Miles Progression with Age for Birth Cohorts of Women in England 1995-99 to 2010-14 ................................................................ 12 Figure 21: Employment Rates of Young Men (Left) and Women (Right) in UK 1985 to 2014 ............................................................................................ 18 Figure 22: Average Car Driver Miles per Person per Year by Age Group and Age when Started Driving for Full Licence Holders in England 2002 to 2014 ............. 31 Figure 23: Time Spent at Home by Men and Women aged 17-29 in England 1995 to 2014 ............................................................................................ 33 Figure 24: Time Spent at Home Progression with Age for Birth-Cohorts of Men in England 1995 to 2014........................................................................ 34 Figure 25: Time Spent at Home Progression with Age for Birth-Cohorts of Women in England 1995 to 2014........................................................................ 35 Figure 26: Change in Driving to Work Modal Share by Age and Population Density of Home LSOA in England 2001 to 2011 ...................................................... 37 Figure 27: Change in Public Transport Modal Share by Age and Population Density of Home LSOA in England 2001 to 2011................................................... 37 Figure A1: Review Areas and their Contribution to Evidence Requirements ........ 66 v Glossary Term Definition Research terminology Baby Boomers Demographic group born during the post–World War II baby boom, approximately between the years 1946 and 1964 Birth cohort People born during the same time period (however defined) Car access Having car access is defined for the purposes of this study as being the driver of a household car or van, either as the main
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preparing for Generation Z in the Workplace
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Senior Theses Honors College Spring 2020 A New Generation of Workers: Preparing for Generation Z in the Workplace Kendra Harris University of South Carolina - Columbia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Organizational Behavior and Theory Commons, and the Training and Development Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Kendra, "A New Generation of Workers: Preparing for Generation Z in the Workplace" (2020). Senior Theses. 335. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/senior_theses/335 This Thesis is brought to you by the Honors College at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Harris 1 Thesis Summary A new generational wave has begun to enter the workforce. The oldest members of Generation Z, those approximately at the age of 25 and below, have recently begun their careers. In the past few years, some changes have been made to work environments, like constructing gyms and daycares at workplaces, expanding the options for work at home programs, and firms hosting social events to attract top, young talent. Some of these actions were to appease Generation Y (Millennials), but some, whether the intent was known or not, will be very pleasing and beneficial to Generation Z. However, Generation Y and Z have some key differences which can create new challenges for a firm’ managers and human resource departments. For example, Generation Z desires to complete their work in the correct way to please their managers, so exceptional training would be strongly recommended for Generation Z to be confident in their work.
    [Show full text]
  • On Education
    DEBATES ON EDUCATION www.debats.cat/en www.debats.cat/en Debates on Education|45 Building a School for the Digital Natives Generation Kirsti Lonka An initiative of In collaboration with Building a School for the Digital Natives Generation Debates on education | 45 DEBATES ON EDUCATION www.debats.cat/en 34 Building a School for the Digital Natives Generation How canKirsti we buildLonka student engagement and an educational community? Valerie Hannon How can we build student engagement and an educational community? Debats on education | 31 Debates on education | 45 An initiative of In collaboration with Universitat Oberta de Catalunya www.uoc.edu Transcript of Kirsti Lonka keynote speech at MACBA Auditorium. Barcelona, January 31, 2017. Debates on Education. All contents of Debates on Education may be found on line at www.debats.cat/en (guests, contents, conferences audio, video and publications). © Fundació Jaume Bofill and UOC, 2017 Provença, 324 08037 Barcelona [email protected] www.fbofill.cat This work is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-ShareAlike International”. The commercial use of this work and possible derivatives is permitted. The distribution of the latter requires a license, identical to the one that regulates the original work. First Edition: May 2017 Author: Kirsti Lonka Publishing Coordinator: Valtencir Mendes Publishing Technical Coordinator: Anna Sadurní Publishing revision: Samuel Blàzquez Graphic Design: Amador Garrell ISBN: 978-84-946592-4-9 Index Introduction ..................................................................... 5 How to create new cultures for study and academic work? ............................................................... 7 How to prevent boredom and burn out and support the new generation? ........................................................ 10 What is engagement? ...................................................... 12 The digital challenge ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Young Americans to Emotional Rescue: Selected Meetings
    YOUNG AMERICANS TO EMOTIONAL RESCUE: SELECTING MEETINGS BETWEEN DISCO AND ROCK, 1975-1980 Daniel Kavka A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC August 2010 Committee: Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Katherine Meizel © 2010 Daniel Kavka All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Jeremy Wallach, Advisor Disco-rock, composed of disco-influenced recordings by rock artists, was a sub-genre of both disco and rock in the 1970s. Seminal recordings included: David Bowie’s Young Americans; The Rolling Stones’ “Hot Stuff,” “Miss You,” “Dance Pt.1,” and “Emotional Rescue”; KISS’s “Strutter ’78,” and “I Was Made For Lovin’ You”; Rod Stewart’s “Do Ya Think I’m Sexy“; and Elton John’s Thom Bell Sessions and Victim of Love. Though disco-rock was a great commercial success during the disco era, it has received limited acknowledgement in post-disco scholarship. This thesis addresses the lack of existing scholarship pertaining to disco-rock. It examines both disco and disco-rock as products of cultural shifts during the 1970s. Disco was linked to the emergence of underground dance clubs in New York City, while disco-rock resulted from the increased mainstream visibility of disco culture during the mid seventies, as well as rock musicians’ exposure to disco music. My thesis argues for the study of a genre (disco-rock) that has been dismissed as inauthentic and commercial, a trend common to popular music discourse, and one that is linked to previous debates regarding the social value of pop music.
    [Show full text]
  • WATCHMOJO – the Life and Career of David Bowie (1947-2016)
    WATCHMOJO – The life and career of David Bowie (1947-2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan_wotkon0 [Fashion] Welcome to watchmojo.com and today we're taking a look at the life and career of David Bowie. [Queen Bitch] David Robert Jones was born on January 8 1947 in Brixton London England. Though he showed musical interest at a young age it was only in the early 60s that he really pursued the art. He started by joining several blues bands but branched off on his own when they had little success. Renaming himself David Bowie he released his self-titled debut in 1967. [Who's that hiding in the apple tree clinging to a branch] Its lack of success led Bowie to participate in a promotional film called Love you till Tuesday which showcased several of his songs. A particular interest was Space Oddity : that track became a hit after it was released at the same time as the first moon landing. [Ground control to Major Tom] His sophomore effort of the same name however was another commercial disappointment. [The man who sold the world] To promote his third album The man who sold the world, Bowie was put in a dress to capitalize on his androgynous look. [Life on mars] [Ziggy Stardust] In 1971 a pop influenced record called Hunky-Dory came out and was followed by the creation of his flamboyant Ziggy Stardust persona and stage show with backing band The Spiders from Mars. Then came his breakthrough record The rise and fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars which climbed the charts thanks to his performance of the single Star Man on Top of the Pops.
    [Show full text]
  • Reinterpreting Vehicle Ownership in the Era of Shared and Smart Mobility Rounaq Basu
    Reinterpreting Vehicle Ownership in the Era of Shared and Smart Mobility by Rounaq Basu B.Tech. in Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (2016) Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master in City Planning (MCP) and Master of Science in Transportation (MST) at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2019 ○c Rounaq Basu, MMXIX. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Author............................................................................ Department of Urban Studies and Planning May 21, 2019 Certified by. Joseph Ferreira Professor of Urban Planning & Operations Research Thesis Supervisor Accepted by....................................................................... Ceasar McDowell Professor of the Practice Co-Chair, MCP Committee Accepted by....................................................................... Heidi Nepf Donald and Martha Harleman Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chair, Graduate Program Committee 2 Reinterpreting Vehicle Ownership in the Era of Shared and Smart Mobility by Rounaq Basu Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 21, 2019, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master in City Planning (MCP) and Master of Science in Transportation (MST) Abstract Emerging transportation technologies like autonomous vehicles and services like on-demand shared mobility are casting their shadows over the traditional paradigm of vehicle owner- ship. Several countries are witnessing stagnation in overall car use, perhaps due to the proliferation of access-based services and changing attitudes of millennials. Therefore, it becomes necessary to revisit this paradigm, and reconsider strategies for modeling vehicle availability and use in this new era.
    [Show full text]
  • Travel Surveys
    A1D10: Committee on Travel Survey Methods Chairman: Elaine Murakami, Federal Highway Administration Travel Surveys ROBERT GRIFFITHS, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments A. J. RICHARDSON, University of Sydney, Australia MARTIN E. H. LEE-GOSSELIN, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada Travel surveys will continue to be one of the most important ways of obtaining the critical information needed for transportation planning and decision making in the new millennium. Not only will these surveys be used to gather current information about the demographic, socioeconomic, and trip-making characteristics of individuals and households, but they will also be used to further our understanding of travel in relation to the choice, location, and scheduling of daily activities. This will enable us to enhance our travel forecasting methods and improve our ability to predict changes in daily travel patterns in response to current social and economic trends and new investments in transportation systems and services. These travel surveys will also play a role in evaluating changes in transportation supply and regulation as they occur. In the last half century, travel survey methods have undergone tremendous change. Originally, travel surveys were conducted primarily through face-to-face interviews, typically conducted in respondents’ homes or at intercept points along major roadways and transit routes or at major transportation nodes. The surveys produced high-quality data that provided a sound basis for the development of the first generation of travel forecasting models. Significant changes in modern urban lifestyles, however, made the large-scale use of traditional face-to-face survey methods extremely costly. In response to these societal changes, travel survey methods have adapted to better fit contemporary lifestyles and have become much more economical to conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • Generation Z and Implications for Counseling
    Generation Z and Implications for Counseling Slameto Satya Wacana Christian University [email protected] Abstract Generation Z is a common name in the US and other Western countries for the group of people born from the second half of the 1990s through the late of the 2000s early 2010’s, a span of 15-20 years in the very late of the 20th Century and very early 21st Century. Gneration Z has behavioral and personality characteristics that are different from previuos generations. Characteristics of Generation Z are: 1) Fluent Technology, they are the “digital generation” who can acces the information as quickly and as easily possible, either for educational purposes or their interests in their daily lives. 2) Social, they are very intensely communicated with peers through various networking sites. They also tend to be tolerant to cultural differences and are very concerned with the environment. 3) Multitasking, are familiar with a variety of activities, read, talk, watch, or listen to music at the same time, wanting things to be done simultaneously and fast paced run. These characteristics have two opposite sides, provides benefits for themselves and their community, they can harm themselves and their environment. The presence of Generation Z has implications for education and counseling, namely: 1) Teachers and counselors are to guide and facilitate their development and use technology appropriately and wisely. 2) Teachers and counselors are to develop a Learning-Centered Approach Model in order that students are able to understand complex and dynamic world phenomenon. 3) Teachers and counselors are to utlize Face Book to support the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in school.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing the Next Generation
    Learning to Work Research report June 2015 DEVELOPING THE NEXT GENERATION TODAY’S YOUNG PEOPLE, TOMORROW’S WORKFORCE The CIPD is the professional body for HR and people development. The not-for-profit organisation champions better work and working lives and has been setting the benchmark for excellence in people and organisation development for more than 100 years. It has more than 135,000 members across the world, provides thought leadership through independent research on the world of work, and offers professional training and accreditation for those working in HR and learning and development. 1 Developing the next generation Developing the next generation Research report Contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 What does existing research tell us? 6 2 Building the business case for investing in development 9 3 Workplace skills 14 4 Development methods 19 5 Generational learning preferences 23 Conclusion 27 References 28 Acknowledgements This report was written by Ruth Stuart, Research Adviser at the CIPD. The research was supported by Katerina Rüdiger, Katherine Garrett and Stella Martorana at the CIPD. We are indebted to all of the individuals in the case study organisations who took part in the research through interviews and focus groups. In particular we would like to thank: Temi Akinmoladun – Apprentice, Barclays Graham Salisbury – Head of Human Resources, ActionAid Shajjad Ali – Apprentice, ActionAid Susithaa Sathiyamoorthy – Apprentice, ActionAid Sarah Bampton – Talent Programme Manager, Fujitsu Dan Snowdon – Industrial placement,
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Automobility: Is It Real? Noreen C. Mcdonald May 16, 2017
    Changing Automobility: Is it Real? Noreen C. McDonald May 16, 2017 Planning for transport infrastructure requires estimates of future travel demand. For many decades, steady growth in travel led policymakers and planners to focus on how to provide sufficient transport supply to avoid congestion. However, over the past twenty years trends have caused many in industrialized countries to ask if we are experiencing shifts in travel behavior that require new ways of thinking about travel demand and infrastructure investment. Is Auto Use Declining? The short answer is yes. Government traffic count data from the US and UK show that aggregate annual VMT dropped year on year starting in 2007 (Figure 1). This trend continued until 2013. In the US and UK, aggregate road travel has now exceeded pre-global financial crisis levels. Figure 1: Aggregate Vehicle Miles of Travel (All Sources), United States and Great Britain Annual VMT Change in Annual VMT (1995=100) 3500 135 3000 125 2500 2000 115 1500 105 Billion Miles Billion 1000 95 500 US GBx10 US GB 0 85 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Year Source: Traffic Volume Trends, FHWA; Table TRA0101, UK Department for Transport Aggregate trends are sensitive to population growth. Per capita VMT estimates from traffic count data show driving peaking in 2004, dropping through 2013, and, more recently, growing (Figure 2). Figure 2: Per Capita Vehicle Miles of Travel (All Sources), United States and Great Britain Annual Per Capita VMT Change in Per Capita VMT (1995=100) 12000 135 10000 125 8000 115 Miles 6000 105 4000 2000 95 US GB US GB 0 85 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year Year Source: Traffic Volume Trends, US FHWA; US Census Bureau; Table TRA0101, UK Department for Transport; UK Office for National Statistics Government statistics from traffic counts include all types of vehicles and purposes from personal travel to commercial.
    [Show full text]
  • David Bowie's Urban Landscapes and Nightscapes
    Miranda Revue pluridisciplinaire du monde anglophone / Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal on the English- speaking world 17 | 2018 Paysages et héritages de David Bowie David Bowie’s urban landscapes and nightscapes: A reading of the Bowiean text Jean Du Verger Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/13401 DOI: 10.4000/miranda.13401 ISSN: 2108-6559 Publisher Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès Electronic reference Jean Du Verger, “David Bowie’s urban landscapes and nightscapes: A reading of the Bowiean text”, Miranda [Online], 17 | 2018, Online since 20 September 2018, connection on 16 February 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/13401 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.13401 This text was automatically generated on 16 February 2021. Miranda is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. David Bowie’s urban landscapes and nightscapes: A reading of the Bowiean text 1 David Bowie’s urban landscapes and nightscapes: A reading of the Bowiean text Jean Du Verger “The Word is devided into units which be all in one piece and should be so taken, but the pieces can be had in any order being tied up back and forth, in and out fore and aft like an innaresting sex arrangement. This book spill off the page in all directions, kaleidoscope of vistas, medley of tunes and street noises […]” William Burroughs, The Naked Lunch, 1959. Introduction 1 The urban landscape occupies a specific position in Bowie’s works. His lyrics are fraught with references to “city landscape[s]”5 and urban nightscapes. The metropolis provides not only the object of a diegetic and spectatorial gaze but it also enables the author to further a discourse on his own inner fragmented self as the nexus, lyrics— music—city, offers an extremely rich avenue for investigating and addressing key issues such as alienation, loneliness, nostalgia and death in a postmodern cultural context.
    [Show full text]
  • Softening Power: Cuteness As Organizational Communication Strategy in Japan and the West
    © 2018 Journal of International and Advanced Japanese Studies Vol. 10, February 2018, pp. 39-55 Master’s and Doctoral Programs in International and Advanced Japanese Studies Iain MACPHERSON & Teri Jane BRYANT Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba Article Softening Power: Cuteness as Organizational Communication Strategy in Japan and the West Iain MACPHERSON MacEwan University, Faculty of Fine Arts and Communication, Assistant Professor Teri Jane BRYANT Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Associate Professor Emerita This paper describes the use of cute communications (visual or verbal, and in various media) as an organizational communication strategy prevalent in Japan and emerging in western countries. Insights are offered for the use of such communications and for the understanding/critique thereof. It is first established that cuteness in Japan–kawaii–is chiefly studied as a sociocultural or psychological phenomenon, with too little analysis of its near-omnipresent institutionalization and conveyance as mass media. The following discussion clarifies one reason for this gap in research–the widespread conflation of ʻorganizational communication’ with advertising/branding, notwithstanding the variety of other messaging–public relations, employee communications, public service announcements, political campaigns–conveyed through cuteness by Japanese institutions. It is then argued that what few theorizations exist of organizational kawaii communications overemphasize their negative aspects or potentials, attributing to them both too much iniquity and too much influence. Outside of Japan studies, there is even less up-to-date scholarship on organizational cuteness, critical or otherwise. And there are no such studies at all, whether focused on Japan or elsewhere, that integrate intercultural insights.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Travel Survey Final Report
    Atlanta Regional Commission Regional Travel Survey Final Report November 2011 206 Wild Basin Rd., Suite A-300 (512) 306-9065 Austin, Texas 78746 fax (512) 306-9077 Contact: Jeff Livingston, Project Manager www.ptvnustats.com Project conducted by PTV NuStats in association with GeoStats Table of Contents Executive Summary i Survey Methods 1 Objectives and Approach 1 Survey Design 2 Sample Design 4 Data Collection 11 Data Processing, Coding, and Correction 16 Response Rates 26 GPS Subsample 27 Data Weighting and Expansion 38 Household Weight 39 Person Weight 42 Limitations of the Survey 43 Survey Results 44 Household Characteristics 44 Travel Behavior 55 Appendix A: Recruitment CATI Survey 60 Appendix B: Recruitment WEB Survey 83 Appendix C: Retrieval CATI Survey 106 Appendix D: Retrieval WEB Survey 121 Appendix E: Interviewer Training Manual 131 Appendix F: Final Data Matrix 161 Appendix G: Recruitment Item Unweighted Frequencies 182 Appendix H: Retrieval Item Unweighted Frequencies 192 Appendix I: Survey Materials 196 Appendix J: GPS Materials 201 List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Overall Completed Survey Summary i Table 2: Participation Statistics by GPS Sample Type i Figure 1: Household Travel Survey Study Area 1 Table 4: Distribution of Households in Study Area 4 Figure 2: Sampled Household Locations (Map of ARC Region) 5 Table 5: Stratification Scheme 6 Figure 3: Area Type Stratification 7 Table 6: Distribution of Area Types 7 Figure 4: Transit Oversampling Area 8 Table 7: Socioeconomic Stratification 9 Table 8: Target County Distribution
    [Show full text]