1,700 Turkmen Flee Syrian Regime Attacks to Turkey
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Kuzey Suriye'deki Türkmen Yerleşimlerinin Çağdaş
AŞT I AR IRM AS A Y LA N R Ü I D 2019 / K EYLÜL - EKİM T ABDULHALİK BAKIR - SÜLEYMAN PEKİN R D Ü CİLT: 123 SAYI: 242 A T KUZEY SURİYE’DEKİ TÜRKMEN YERLEŞİMLERİ SAYFA: 89-130 Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Eylül - Ekim 2019 TDA Cilt: 123 Sayı: 242 Sayfa: 89-130 Makale Türü: Araştırma Geliş Tarihi: 15.07.2019 Kabul Tarihi: 16.09.2019 KUZEY SURİYE’DEKİ TÜRKMEN YERLEŞİMLERİNİN ÇAĞDAŞ TARİHİ VE STRATEJİK ALTYAPISI ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME Prof. Dr. Abdulhalik BAKIR* - Süleyman PEKİN** Öz ‘Coğrafya kaderdir’ deniyor ve bu kader Ortadoğu’da sınırlarla birlikte sık sık değişiyor. 2011 yılından buna dahil olan Suriye’nin özellikle Kuzey kıs- mındaki dil, mezhep ve etnik çeşitlilik Küresel ve Bölgesel Güçlerin rekabetine payanda olmuş durumda. Suriye Devleti’nin resmî idarî yapısındaki 14 vilaye- tin Kuzey Suriye’yi oluşturan 5’inde (Halep, Haseki, Rakka, İdlip ve Lazkiye) bu güçlerin ve buna bağlı olarak farklı grupların mücadeleleri sürmektedir. Bu gruplardan biri ve tarihî açıdan en köklü olanlardan Türkmenlerin bölge üze- rinde yaygın bir yerleşimi söz konusudur. Modern zaman olarak son yüzyıllık periyot içerisinde Millî Mücadele ve Manda, Bağımsızlık ve Baas (Esadlar), İç Savaş ve Tükmenler dönemleriyle Kuzey Suriye’deki Türkmen yerleşim yerlerinin çağdaş tarihini bu makalede ana hatlarıyla incelemeye çalıştık. Yine aynı şekilde Türkmen yerleşimlerinin stratejik alt yapısını da Nüfus ve Nüfuz Etkinlikleri ile Toplumsal Arkaplan çer- çevesinde ele alarak genel bir değerlendirmede bulunduk. Sonuç olarak hem Kuzey Suriye’nin hem de Türkmenlerin Türkiye için önemi artarak sürmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Türkmen, Kuzey Suriye, İç Savaş, Esad, Sınırlar, Kimlik, Federasyon. A General Evaluation On The Contemporary History And Strategic Infrastructure Of Turkmen Settlements In North Syria Abstract It is called ‘geography is destiny’ and this fate changes frequently with the borders in the Middle East. -
17 M a Y S Y R I A
A B O U T I N T E G R I T Y U K Integrity UK is an organisation committed to preventing extremism through innovative approaches to promoting integration, cohesion and social reconciliation within the MENA region and the UK. W E E K L Y D I G E S T 11 M A Y – 17 M A Y S Y R I A Politics Growing Concerns Over SAA Offensive on Greater Idlib International responses to the Syrian Arab Army's (SAA) offensive in northern Hama are growing louder amidst sustained fighting in the region over the weekend. On Friday evening (10th May), 11 members of the United Nations Security Council including the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Belgium issued a statement expressing concern about the “potential humanitarian catastrophe” and called on the de-escalation agreement between Russia, Turkey and Iran to be observed. China and Russia opposed the statement, meaning that the UNSC statement was not officially ratified. On Wednesday evening (15th May), Belgium, Germany and Kuwait called for a new session of the United Nations Security Council to be held to discuss the developments in Idlib. The meeting is expected to be a follow-up to the earlier UNSC meeting and will discuss the possibility of the offensive in northern Hama turning into a full offensive across the whole of Greater Idlib. Turkey and Russia Discuss Ongoing Idlib Issues Meanwhile, Russia and Turkey increased their diplomatic efforts in a bid to reduce the fallout from the clashes in Idlib. On Monday evening (13th May), Turkish President, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, spoke over the phone with his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin. -
Algemeen Ambtsbericht Irak Januari 2004
Algemeen ambtsbericht Irak Januari 2004 Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken Directie Personenverkeer, Migratie en Vreemdelingenzaken Afdeling Asiel- en Migratiezaken 5 januari 2004 1 Inleiding 4 2 Landeninformatie 5 2.1 Basisgegevens 5 2.1.1 Land en volk 5 2.1.2 Geschiedenis 6 2.1.3 Staatsinrichting 6 2.2 Politieke ontwikkelingen 12 2.3 Veiligheidssituatie 16 2.4 Sociaal-economische situatie 30 3 Mensenrechten 33 3.1 Juridische context 33 3.1.1 Verdragen en protocollen 33 3.1.2 Nationale wetgeving 33 3.2 Toezicht 36 3.3 Naleving en schendingen 38 3.3.1 Vrijheid van meningsuiting 38 3.3.2 Vrijheid van vereniging en vergadering 40 3.3.3 Vrijheid van godsdienst en overtuiging 43 3.3.4 Bewegingsvrijheid 50 3.3.5 Rechtsgang 57 3.3.6 Arrestaties en detenties 59 3.3.7 Mishandeling en foltering 61 3.3.8 Verdwijningen 61 3.3.9 Doodstraf 61 3.4 Positie van specifieke groepen 62 3.4.1 Koerden 62 3.4.2 Fayli-Koerden en Irakezen van Iraanse afkomst 64 3.4.3 Moeras-Arabieren 64 3.4.4 Turkmenen 64 3.4.5 Dienstplichtigen / militairen 65 3.4.6 Vrouwen 66 3.4.7 Baathpartij 67 4Migratie 70 4.1 Migratiestromen en –motieven 70 4.2 Opvang van binnenlands ontheemden 73 4.3 Activiteiten van internationale organisaties 73 4.4 Beleid andere Europese landen 74 5 Samenvatting 77 Algemeen ambtsbericht Irak 5 januari 2004 Bijlage 1. Samenstelling IGC 79 Bijlage 2. Samenstelling kabinet 80 Bijlage 3. Politieke partijen 81 Bijlage 4. Landkaart 85 Bijlage 5. -
Eurazjatycki Dryf Turcji
EURAZJATYCKI DRYF TURCJI Geneza turecko-rosyjskiego partnerstwa, kryzysy w relacjach Turcji z UE i USA, zagrożenia dla spójności NATO Centrum Badań nad Bezpieczeństwem Ośrodek Studiów Przestrzeni Postsowieckiej RAPORT | MARZEC 2018 Eurazjatycki dryf Turcji Geneza turecko-rosyjskiego partnerstwa, kryzysy w relacjach Turcji z UE i USA, zagrożenia dla spójności NATO Centrum Badań nad Bezpieczeństwem Akademii Sztuki Wojennej Raport OSPP | Marzec 2018 Redakcja raportu: Zespół OSPP Zdjęcie na okładce: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 [www.kremlin.ru] Ośrodek Studiów Przestrzeni Postsowieckiej Centrum Badań nad Bezpieczeństwem Akademia Sztuki Wojennej al. gen. A. Chruściela „Montera” 103 00-910 Warszawa Tel.: 26-181-33-25 E-mail: [email protected] Opinie zawarte w niniejszym opracowaniu nie są oficjalnym stanowiskiem Akademii Sztuki Wojennej Spis treści Tezy .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Wstęp ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Część 1. Historyczne tło stosunków turecko-rosyjskich ................................................................................. 12 Dziedzictwo rywalizacji Imperiów Osmańskiego i Rosyjskiego ............................................................. 12 Stosunki turecko-sowieckie .................................................................................................................................. -
The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S
ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security Issue The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the No. 394 Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S. Responses Jan 2016 Yossef Bodansky The Evolution of Russian, Syrian, and Iranian Actions Against the Jihadist Movements and Turkish-U.S. Responses Yossef Bodansky January 2016 Abstract Almost three months into the Russian military intervention in Syria and Iraq - a clear strategy has emerged. Russia is spearheading a regional allied effort to consolidate tangible gains - to stabilize the lines before Winter freezes the fighting. When fighting resume in early Spring 2016, the Jihadist forces will no longer be able to threaten the Fertile Crescent of Minorities and the buffer areas surrounding Shiite Iraq. Emboldened, better equipped and retrained - the forces allied with Russia will then be able to go on the strategic offensive under a unified master-plan. In mid-October, the Kremlin clarified that the Russian strategic-political objectives in Syria are to stabilize and consolidate the Assad administration as the key to defeating the Jihadist forces, as well as to compel the US-led West to accept and acknowledge this reality. For the Kremlin, all anti-Assad forces are terrorists. In mid-November, Putin returned to Moscow from the G-20 summit convinced that any attempt to deal with Obama was an exercise in futility and that a major face-off, even crisis, over Syria was only a question of time. Hence, the Kremlin resolved to seize the strategic initiative. Thus, the Russian military intervention has already had a profound impact on the region’s strategic-political posture. -
Islamists, Religion, and the Revolution in Syria
Islamists, Religion, and the Revolution in Syria Mohammad Abu Rumman ΔϴϤηΎϬϟΔϴϧΩέϷΔϜϠϤϤϟ ΔϴϨρϮϟΔΒΘϜϤϟΓήΩϯΪϟωΪϳϹϢϗέ (2013/9/3259) ή˷ΒόϳϻϭϪϔϨμϣϯϮΘΤϣϦϋΔϴϧϮϧΎϘϟΔϴϟϭΆδϤϟϞϣΎϛϒϟΆϤϟϞϤΤΘϳ ϯήΧΔϴϣϮϜΣΔϬΟϱϭϪϴϨρϮϟΔΒΘϜϤϟΓήΩϱέ ϦϋϒϨμϤϟάϫ Imprint Published in 2013 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, FES Jordan & Iraq / FES Syria FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194, Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org FES Syria P.O. Box 116107 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2210, Lebanon Not for sale. © FES Jordan & Iraq / FES Syria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original authors. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or the editor. Translation: Dr. Hassan Barari Editing: Anja Wehler-Schoeck Cover: Ramzi al-Arabi Printing: Economic Printing Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-26-2 2 Foreword In the current fall of 2013, not a single day passes by without the crisis in Syria making new headlines. The international community has demonstrated indecision regarding concerted strategic action in the face of Bashar al-Assad’s brutal acts against the Syrian population. Meanwhile, the subsequent refugee crisis is heavily impacting Syria’s neighboring countries Jordan, Turkey, Lebanon and to a lesser extent Iraq. In the two latter, the political implications of what is turning more and more into a proxy war are felt the strongest and contribute to the increasing instability of both countries. -
Amir Reaffirms Qatar's Stance on Gulf Crisis
BUSINESS | 03 SPORT | 07 Pakistan keen to Curry, source more LNG Thompson help from Qatar: Warriors beat Asad Umar Kings Sunday 16 December 2018 | 9 Rabia II 1440 www.thepeninsula.qa Volume 23 | Number 7742 | 2 Riyals Amir patronises Lusail Stadium design unveiling ceremony Amir H H Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani giving the inaugural speech at the 18th Doha Forum yesterday. Amir reaffirms Qatar’s stance on Gulf crisis Amir H H Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani; H H Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad Al Thani, the Personal Representative of H H the Amir; The crises of our region will not aggravate and and other dignitaries during the unveiling of the design for Lusail Stadium, yesterday. multiply, if the commitment to QNA & THE PENINSULA of Ecuador, Lenin Moreno also attended by the Prime Min- during the tournament, which international conventions, values of dialogue, coexistence, DOHA Garces; United Nations Sec- ister and Interior Minister H E will kick off on November 21, human rights and mutual respect, do not diminish. As well the retary-General, Antonio Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin 2022 and be the first to take challenges of migration, asylum, poverty, development and Amir H H Sheikh Tamim bin Guterres; President of the Khalifa Al Thani and the Shura place in the Arab world. terrorism facing our world will not increase. #Doha Forum Hamad Al Thani yesterday United Nations General Council Speaker According to details released by patronised the ceremony of Assembly, Maria Fernanda H E Ahmed bin Abdullah bin the Supreme Committee for revealing the design for Lusail Espinosa, and Prime Minister of Zaid Al Mahmoud along with a Delivery and Legacy (SC), THE PENINSULA “Dialogue is what Stadium, the venue at which the the Federal Republic of Somalia, number of Their Excellences Min- renowned British firm Foster + DOHA bridges the gap opening and final matches of the Hassan Ali Khairi. -
Syria's War Within the War Expected to Continue Despite Downing Of
Issue 174, Year 4 September 23, 2018 UK £2 www.thearabweekly.com EU €2.50 Interview Saudi writer Tripoli Ahmed al-Duwaihi spinning on prospects out of control of modernity Page 22 Page 10 Syria’s war within the war expected to continue despite downing of Russian plane ► Israel says its F-16 fighter jets attacked a facility in northern Syria to prevent “systems to manufacture accurate and lethal weapons” from being “transferred on behalf of Iran to Hezbollah in Lebanon.” Thomas Seibert Russia said Syrian air-defence sys- tems shot the plane down shortly after Israeli jets hit the area and Istanbul accused Israel of creating the dan- gerous conditions by failing to srael could face some limits give sufficient notice. The Russian on its ability to strike Iranian Embassy in Tel Aviv spoke of “irre- targets in Syria following the sponsible and unfriendly actions” I downing of a Russian mili- by the Israeli Air Force. tary plane but is unlikely to suf- In 2015, the Kremlin put rela- fer a crippling setback for its war tions with Turkey into the deep within the war in the neighbour- freeze for a year after the Turkish ing country. Air Force shot down a Russian mil- To contain the political and mili- itary plane on the Syrian border. tary fallout from the September 17 Russia, however, shows no inten- incident over northern Syria, Isra- tion of doing the same with Israel el sent its air force chief, Amikam after the loss of the IL-20. Norkin, to Moscow. He briefed Israel says its F-16 fighter jets at- Russian officials on the initial Is- tacked a facility in northern Syria raeli investigation into the crash in to prevent “systems to manufac- which a Russian IL-20 surveillance ture accurate and lethal weapons” Clashes ahead. -
Partner Operations in Syria Lessons Learned and the Way Forward
Atlantic Council RAFIK HARIRI CENTER FOR THE MIDDLE EAST Partner Operations in Syria Lessons Learned and the Way Forward Aaron Stein A Report of the Atlantic Council’s Sudan Task Force by Ambassador Mary Carlin Yates with Kelsey Lilley Partner Operations in Syria Lessons Learned and the Way Forward Aaron Stein ISBN: 978-1-61977-405-6. Cover photo: Reuters/Goran Tomasevic. Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighters stand in line during a funeral of SDF fighters killed by Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham militants in Raqqa, at Tal Abiad, Syria June 23, 2017. This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. July 2017 Partner Operations in Syria CONTENTS Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................2 Syria: Special Operations Forces and the Task at Hand ..............................................................4 How We Got Here: Tensions with Turkey about Strategy ..........................................................6 Train and Equip: Seeking to Close the Pocket with Arab Forces ............................................9 -
Calculated Escalation اﺳم اﻟﻣوﺿوع : Limitations to the Turbulent Relationship ﻋﻧوان اﻟﻣوﺿوع
Calculated Escalation : ωϭοϭϣϟϡγ Limitations to the turbulent relationship : ωϭοϭϣϟϥϭϧϋ between Ankara and Moscow 07/02/2016 : έηϧϟΦϳέΎΗ ϱίΎΟΣϑϳρϠϟΩΑϋ : ΏΗΎϛϟϡγ : ωϭοϭϣϟ Russian-Turkish relations are undergoing constant escalation since November 24 in the aftermath of Turkish Air Force F-16 fighters' shooting down of a Russian Su-24 attack aircraft on the border with Syria after the aircraft reportedly violated Turkey's airspace and did not heed warnings from the Turkish Armed Forces to leave Turkish airspace.The Russian military aircraft went down in Syria's northwestern Turkmen town of Bayirbucak, also known as the Turkmen Mountain, in the coastal governorate of Latakia, an area targeted with intense bombing by Russian warplanes and the Syrian regime's armed forces.Escalation between the two states has had political, economic and military dimensions, especially after failed attempts to ease their tensions. This requires looking into Turkey¶s motives for downing the Russian military warplane, the nature of Russian escalation, Turkey's attempts to overcome the sanctions imposed by Russia, as well as the future of relations between the two states.Turkey's Intentions behind Downing the Russian warplaneAlthough Turkey insists that it downed the Russian warplane because it violated Turkish airspace, there are a number of objectives that Turkey sought to achieve by the shoot-down. The following stand out as the most important:The crash site of the downed Russian warplane is Bayirbucak, a Turkmen majority town northwest of Syria that Turkey continues to defend. Turkey considers the area as an extension of its territory after Turkey lost it to the French occupation in Syria in 1921 when Turkey and the French occupied Syria signed a border demarcation agreement. -
Türk Ocaklari Istanbul Şubesi
TÜRK OCAKLARI İSTANBUL ŞUBESİ SYKES – PİCOT’NUN YÜZÜNCÜ YILINDA TÜRKİYE VE ORTADOĞU ULUSLARARASI SEMPOZYUMU 12-13 Mayıs 2016/ İstanbul Bildiriler Editörler Prof. Dr. Cezmi ERASLAN Dr. Cezmi BAYRAM Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Yakup AHBAB Türk Ocakları İstanbul Şubesi Yayını YAYIN NU: 19 Kapak Resmi: Sykes-Picot haritası. Haritanın aslı National Archives’ta MPK 1/426 numaralı dosyadadır. Haritanın sağ alt köşesinde anlaşma metnini hazırlayan François Georges-Picot ve Mark Sykes’ın imzaları ve Sykes’ın kaleminden çıktığı anlaşılan 8 Mayıs 1916 tarihi görülmektedir. Haritanın alt ortasındaki bilgiden, bu haritanın Royal Geographical Society tarafından 1910 yılında yayınlandığı ve demiryollarının da Kasım 1915’te haritaya eklendiği anlaşılmaktadır. (Harita ve izahat Doç.Dr. Önder Kocatürk’ün tebliğinden alınmıştır.) ISBN 978-605-9443-21-0 Baskı: ŞenYıldız Yayıncılık Hediyelik Eşya ve Tekstil San ve Tic.Ltd.Şti. Gümüşsuyu caddesi. Dalgıç İş Merkezi No:3 Kat:1 Topkapı-İstanbul Tel: 0212 483 47 91 ● Faks: 0212 483 48 23 İstanbul-2018 SYKES – PİCOT’NUN YÜZÜNCÜ YILINDA TÜRKİYE VE ORTADOĞU ULUSLARARASI SEMPOZYUMU 12-13 Mayıs 2016/ İstanbul Bilim Kurulu / Scientific Board Prof. Dr. Mahmut AK Prof. Dr. Cezmi ERASLAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa BUDAK Prof. Dr. Gökhan ÇETİNSAYA Prof. Dr. Ahmet KAVAS Prof. Dr. Alexander KOLESNIKOV Prof. Dr. Hazem SAİD Prof. Dr. Hee Soo LEE Prof. Dr. Michael REYNOLDS Prof. Dr. Moshe GAMMER Prof. Dr. Musa KASIMLI Prof. Dr. Süleyman KIZILTOPRAK Prof. Dr. Zekeriya KURŞUN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Nilüfer ERDEM Yrd. Doç. Dr. Manizheh SADRİ Düzenleme Kurulu / Organizing Committee Prof. Dr. Cezmi ERASLAN (Başkan) Dr. Cezmi BAYRAM Prof. Dr. Mustafa BUDAK Prof. Dr. Hee Soo LEE Prof. Dr. -
Organised Crime in Trafficking of Cultural Goods in Turkey Samuel Andrew Hardy University of Oslo - Norwegian Institute in Rome, Norway
Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region edited by Arianna Traviglia, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, Riccardo Giovanelli Organised Crime in Trafficking of Cultural Goods in Turkey Samuel Andrew Hardy University of Oslo - Norwegian Institute in Rome, Norway Abstract This research assesses who is involved in the trafficking of archaeological objects and fake antiquities from Turkey; how they are involved; and how they operate, both online and offline. It highlights the volume and visibility of indicators of illicit activ- ity by suspects in online forums and social networks like Facebook and Instagram. With automatically-generated data, netnographic data and other open data, this research documents online social organisation of mass disorganised crime. It also documents corruption; transnational crime, organised crime and transnational organised crime; and financing of political violence from repression to terrorism and conflict. Keywords Antiquities trafficking. Cyprus. Germany. Narcotics trafficking. Organised crime. Organised cultural property crime. Political violence. Turkey. United Kingdom. Summary 1 Introduction. – 2 Method. – 3 Protected Criminals and Connected Crim- inals. – 4 The Family Business of Organised Cultural Property Crime. – 5 The Boss of the President’s Right-hand Man. – 5.1 Aydın Dikmen. – 5.2 “Tremeşeli” Mehmet Ali İlkman. – 5.3 The Gang and Its Associates. – 6 The Father-in-law of the Godfather of God- fathers. – 6.1 Trafficking of Heroin in Alignment with the State. – 6.2 Trafficking of Heroin in Opposition to the State. – 6.3 Trafficking of Cultural Goods by a Gang in and Around the State. – 7 Crime War in Mexico, Dirty War in Turkey and Proxy War in Syria.