Helminths of Squirrels (Sciuridae)
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Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2. -
Differential Responses of Prairie Rodents to Edge Effects from Recreational Trails
A peer-reviewed open-access journal Nature Conservation 41: Response113–140 (2020) of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails 113 doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.41.52100 RESEarcH arTICLE http://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Differential responses of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails Cameron M. Shorb1, Laur A. Freymiller1, Daniel L. Hernández1 1 Carleton College Biology Department, 1 North College St., Northfield, MN 55057, USA Corresponding author: Daniel L. Hernández ([email protected]) Academic editor: Jochen A.G. Jaeger | Received 15 March 2020 | Accepted 28 July 2020 | Published 10 September 2020 http://zoobank.org/AB43B43E-EE9A-4998-9CFC-22A6F492B7B8 Citation: Shorb CM, Freymiller LA, Hernández DL (2020) Differential responses of prairie rodents to edge effects from recreational trails. Nature Conservation 41: 113–140. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.52100 Abstract Edge effects are a common phenomenon in which an ecological variable changes with respect to distance from a habitat edge. Recreational trails may constitute a habitat edge for prairie rodents because of high human presence, high predator presence, or limited shelter compared to the prairie core. Despite the prevalence of trails in conservation parcels, their effect on wildlife distribution remains largely unstudied. We examined the impacts of recreational trails on small mammal activity in the restored prairies of the Cowling Arboretum at Carleton College. The prairies were restored from 1995 to 2008 and now com- prise a contiguous prairie block of approximately 155 ha. Over 2 consecutive summers, we used infrared motion-sensing cameras to record the relative amount of time rodents spend at baited stations placed at different distances from the trail. -
Sciurid Phylogeny and the Paraphyly of Holarctic Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus)
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 (2004) 1015–1030 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Sciurid phylogeny and the paraphyly of Holarctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus) Matthew D. Herron, Todd A. Castoe, and Christopher L. Parkinson* Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2368, USA Received 26 May 2003; revised 11 September 2003 Abstract The squirrel family, Sciuridae, is one of the largest and most widely dispersed families of mammals. In spite of the wide dis- tribution and conspicuousness of this group, phylogenetic relationships remain poorly understood. We used DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 114 species in 21 genera to infer phylogenetic relationships among sciurids based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Although we evaluated more complex alternative models of nucleotide substitution to reconstruct Bayesian phylogenies, none provided a better fit to the data than the GTR + G + I model. We used the reconstructed phylogenies to evaluate the current taxonomy of the Sciuridae. At essentially all levels of relationships, we found the phylogeny of squirrels to be in substantial conflict with the current taxonomy. At the highest level, the flying squirrels do not represent a basal divergence, and the current division of Sciuridae into two subfamilies is therefore not phylogenetically informative. At the tribal level, the Neotropical pygmy squirrel, Sciurillus, represents a basal divergence and is not closely related to the other members of the tribe Sciurini. At the genus level, the sciurine genus Sciurus is paraphyletic with respect to the dwarf squirrels (Microsciurus), and the Holarctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus) are paraphyletic with respect to antelope squirrels (Ammosper- mophilus), prairie dogs (Cynomys), and marmots (Marmota). -
Associated with Thymic Lymphoma in Gunnison's Prairie Dogs in Colorad
viruses Article A Novel Retrovirus (Gunnison’s Prairie Dog Retrovirus) Associated With Thymic Lymphoma in Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs in Colorado, USA Molly D. Butler 1, Karen Griffin 2, Connie D. Brewster 1 , Marylee L. Kapuscinski 1, Mark D. Stenglein 1 , Daniel W. Tripp 2, Sandra L. Quackenbush 1,* and Karen A. Fox 2,* 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email protected] (M.D.B.); [email protected] (C.D.B.); [email protected] (M.L.K.); [email protected] (M.D.S.) 2 Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; karen.griffi[email protected] (K.G.); [email protected] (D.W.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.Q.); [email protected] (K.A.F.); Tel.: 1-970-491-3545 (S.L.Q.); Tel: 1-970-472-4318 (K.A.F.) Received: 8 May 2020; Accepted: 31 May 2020; Published: 2 June 2020 Abstract: As part of research and wildlife disease surveillance efforts, we performed necropsy examinations of 125 free-ranging (n = 114) and captive (n = 11) prairie dogs in Colorado from 2009 to 2017. From these cases, we identified three cases of thymic lymphoma in free-ranging Gunnison’s prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni), and we identified a novel retroviral sequence associated with these tumors. The viral sequence is 7700 nucleotides in length and exhibits a genetic organization that is consistent with the characteristics of a type D betaretrovirus. -
Order Suborder Infraorder Superfamily Family
ORDER SUBORDER INFRAORDER SUPERFAMILY FAMILY SUBFAMILY TRIBE GENUS SUBGENUS SPECIES Monotremata Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus attenboroughi Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus bartoni Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus bruijni Monotremata Ornithorhynchidae Ornithorhynchus anatinus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Caluromys philander Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Mallodelphys derbianus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Mallodelphys lanatus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromysiops irrupta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Glironia venusta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Chironectes minimus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis aurita Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis imperfecta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis marsupialis Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis pernigra Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis virginiana Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis albiventris Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus formosus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus emiliae Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus microtarsus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus marica Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus dryas Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus aceramarcae Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus agricolai Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae -
Appendices G-K)
South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Appendix A. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks letter of intent to revise South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service response letter. South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Page 207 South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Appendix A (continued). South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks letter of intent to revise South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service response letter. South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Page 208 South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Appendix A (continued). South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks letter of intent to revise South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service response letter. South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Page 209 South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Appendix B. Summary of suggestions from Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA 2012) incorporated into the South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Revision. Chapter 1 – Prioritization ⋅ recommendation to use NatureServe methodology to assess extinction risk ⋅ include geographically-isolated subspecies ⋅ update species of greatest conservation need list early in the revision process ⋅ establish clear conservation goals ⋅ group species by habitat ⋅ emphasize coarse-scale biodiversity ⋅ consider the proportion of the species’ range that occurs within the state Chapter 2 – Species and Habitats ⋅ identify conservation opportunity areas ⋅ incorporate information other conservation planning efforts with compatible goals ⋅ clearly describe the purpose and intended uses of maps ⋅ use ecological -
A New Late Neogene Ground Squirrel (Rodentia, Sciuridae) from the Pipe Creek Sinkhole Biota, Indiana
2019. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 128(1):73–86 A NEW LATE NEOGENE GROUND SQUIRREL (RODENTIA, SCIURIDAE) FROM THE PIPE CREEK SINKHOLE BIOTA, INDIANA H. Thomas Goodwin1: Department of Biology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA James O. Farlow: Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805 USA ABSTRACT. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole of eastern Indiana has yielded a diverse assemblage of late Neogene plants and vertebrates, documenting a mix of local habitats including both aquatic and upland open habitat. It represents one of few late Neogene fossil assemblages from the interior of eastern North America. A new species of ground squirrel is described from this fossil assemblage based on a partial dentary with all cheek teeth and numerous isolated teeth. This moderately-sized ground squirrel exhibits generally plesiomorphic, low-crowned cheek teeth that were narrow across their trigonids. It also has a p4 that uniquely lacks a buccally-directed hypoconid. The ground squirrel is tentatively assigned to the extant genus Ictidomys Allen, 1877 and represents the sole Neogene ground squirrel known only from eastern North America. The presence of this new ground squirrel in the Pipe Creek Sinkhole biota suggests that the late Neogene diversification of ground squirrels, well documented in the American West and on the Great Plains, may have extended into eastern North America and confirms the presence of open habitat within the sampling area of the fossil assemblage. Keywords: Sciuridae, Ictidomys, new species, Neogene, vertebrate paleontology, ground squirrel INTRODUCTION woodland with little grass and occasional fires, an interpretation suggested by pollen evidence and The Pipe Creek Sinkhole (PCS) biota has the presence of carbonized wood (Shunk et al. -
Grassland Birds Community Dynamics, Resource Selection, and Nest
GRASSLAND BIRDS: COMMUNITY DYNAMICS, RESOURCE SELECTION, AND NEST SURVIVAL ON MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE GRAZED BY NATIVE COLONIAL AND DOMESTIC HERBIVORES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Wyatt Mackenzie Mack In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Department: Natural Resource Management January 2017 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title Grassland birds: community dynamics, resource selection, and nest survival on mixed-grass prairie grazed by native colonial and domestic herbivores By Wyatt Mackenzie Mack The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Kevin K. Sedivec Co -Chair Benjamin A. Geaumont Co -Chair Torre J. Hovick Megan Orr Approved: March 24, 2017 Frank Casey Date Department Chair ABSTRACT Investigators surveyed avian and vegetation composition on- and off- black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus; hereafter prairie dog) colonies to gain greater insight into community dynamics of grassland passerines. Few studies have investigated grassland bird community associations with prairie dogs, and of those limited studies aim to quantify nesting passerine habitat selection and nest success. The objective of this study was to identify community associations and factors that shape the community of grassland birds on grazed mixed-grass prairie, both on- and off-prairie dog colonies. Bird and vegetation communities, avian densities, nesting survival, and resource selection was investigated in relativity to a landscape occupied with prairie dogs. Individual species exhibited different selections in regards to different vegetation communities created by prairie dogs. -
Taxonomic Revision of the Palaearctic Rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias
Lynx, n. s. (Praha), 44: 27–138 (2013). ISSN 0024-7774 (print), 1804-6460 (online) Taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic rodents (Rodentia). Part 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias Taxonomická revise palearktických hlodavců (Rodentia). Část 2. Sciuridae: Urocitellus, Marmota a Sciurotamias Boris KRYŠTUFEK1 & Vladimír VOHRALÍK2 1 Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, SI–1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Praha, Czech Republic; [email protected] received on 15 December 2013 Abstract. A revision of family group names for squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae) uncovered a neglected name Arctomyinae Gray, 1821 which predates Marmotinae Pocock, 1923. We propose a new subtribe Ammospermophilina, to encompass the Nearctic Ammospermophilus and Notocitellus and holds a basal position in a lineage of ground squirrels and marmots. Furthermore, we reviewed the Palaearctic Arcto- myinae from the genera Urocitellus, Marmota and Sciurotamias. On the basis of published data and our own examination of 926 museum specimens we recognize 12 species and 15 subspecies: Urocitellus undulatus (two subspecies: undulatus and eversmanni), U. parryii (the only Palaearctic subspecies is leucosticus), Marmota marmota (marmota and latirostris), M. bobak, M. baibacina, M. kastschenkoi, M. sibirica, M. himalayana, M. camtschatica (camtschatica, bungei, doppelmayeri), M. caudata (caudata, aurea, dichrous), M. menzbieri (menzbieri and zachidovi), and Sciurotamias davidianus (davidianus and consobrinus). All species names (69 in total) are reviewed and linked to senior synonyms. We showed that Arctomys marmota tigrina Bechstein, 1801 is a junior synonym of M. bobak and not of M. marmota. Descriptions are provided for valid taxa, together with photographs of skins or living animals, and drawings of skulls. -
List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12. -
Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Cynomys Ludovicianus
Wyoming Species Account Black-tailed Prairie Dog Cynomys ludovicianus REGULATORY STATUS USFWS: Listing Denied USFS R2: Sensitive USFS R4: No special status Wyoming BLM: Sensitive State of Wyoming: Nongame Wildlife; Pest CONSERVATION RANKS USFWS: No special status WGFD: NSS4 (Cb), Tier II WYNDD: G4, S2S3 Wyoming contribution: MEDIUM IUCN: Least Concern STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) has a complicated history with the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) involving several petitions, decisions, litigations, and re- decisions, beginning with a petition to list the species as Threatened or Endangered in 1994. The latest official action was a 2009 decision by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that listing was not warranted under the ESA 1. The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database has assigned Black- tailed Prairie Dog a range of state conservation ranks because of uncertainty regarding the severity of threats and intrinsic vulnerability in Wyoming. NATURAL HISTORY Taxonomy: Mammalogists currently recognize five species of prairie dog, all within the Genus Cynomys and all restricted to North America 1, 2. Black-tailed Prairie Dog is the most widely distributed of all, occupies the Great Plains proper, and shares range boundaries with the White-tailed Prairie Dog (C. leucurus) and Gunnison’s Prairie Dog (C. gunnisoni) to the west. None of the species apparently hybridizes with any other. Some scientists recognize two subspecies of the Black- tailed Prairie Dog – C. ludovicianus arizonensis and C. ludovicianus – but others recognize only one form. If subspecies are valid, C. l. ludovicianus would be the only subspecies found in Wyoming 3, 4. -
Predicting Above-Ground Density and Distribution of Small Mammal Prey Species at Large Spatial Scales
RESEARCH ARTICLE Predicting above-ground density and distribution of small mammal prey species at large spatial scales ☯ ☯ ☯ ☯¤ Lucretia E. Olson1 *, John R. Squires1 , Robert J. Oakleaf2 , Zachary P. Wallace3 , ☯ Patricia L. Kennedy3 1 Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Missoula, Montana, United States of America, 2 Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Lander, Wyoming, United States of America, 3 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Eastern Oregon Agriculture & Natural a1111111111 Resource Program, Oregon State University, Union, Oregon, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 ¤ Current address: Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United a1111111111 States of America * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Olson LE, Squires JR, Oakleaf RJ, Wallace Grassland and shrub-steppe ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic ZP, Kennedy PL (2017) Predicting above-ground activities. Loss of native habitats may negatively impact important small mammal prey spe- density and distribution of small mammal prey cies. Little information, however, is available on the impact of habitat variability on density of species at large spatial scales. PLoS ONE 12(5): small mammal prey species at broad spatial scales. We examined the relationship between e0177165. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0177165 small mammal density and remotely-sensed environmental covariates in shrub-steppe and grassland ecosystems in Wyoming, USA. We sampled four sciurid and leporid species Editor: Aaron W. Reed, University of Missouri Kansas City, UNITED STATES groups using line transect methods, and used hierarchical distance-sampling to model den- sity in response to variation in vegetation, climate, topographic, and anthropogenic vari- Received: January 4, 2017 ables, while accounting for variation in detection probability.