Revista Ibérica de Aracnología,Q ±$57Ë&8/2 *UXSR,EpULFRGH$UDFQRORJtD 6($ ,661KWWSZZZVHDHQWRPRORJLDRUJ ),5675(&25'62)LOUREEDIA $5$1($((5(6,'$( )520(8523( :,7+7+('(6&5,37,212)$1(:63(&,(6$1'$6859(<2)7+(*(186 6pUJLR+HQULTXHV -HV~V0LxDQRÁ /DXUD3pUH]=DUFRV 0LODQěH]iþ )UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]5DIDHO7DPDMyQ -RVp0DUWtQH]$YLOpV ,QVWLWXWHRI=RRORJ\=RRORJLFDO6RFLHW\RI/RQGRQ5HJHQW V3DUN/RQGRQ1:5<8. &HQWUHIRU%LRGLYHUVLW\ (QYLURQPHQW5HVHDUFK &%(5 'HSDUWPHQWRI*HQHWLFV(YROXWLRQDQG(QYLURQPHQW8QLYHUVLW\&ROOHJH /RQGRQ*RZHU6WUHHW/RQGRQ:&(%78. ,8&166&6SLGHU 6FRUSLRQ6SHFLDOLVW*URXS)LQQLVK0XVHXPRI1DWXUDO+LVWRU\8QLYHUVLW\RI+HOVLQNL+HOVLQNL)LQODQG 'SWR(FRORJtDH+LGURORJtD)DFXOWDGGH%LRORJtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH0XUFLD&DPSXVGH(VSLQDUGR0XUFLD6SDLQ 'SWR=RRORJtD)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD*UDQDGD6SDLQ &URS5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH'UQRYVNi&=3UDJXH±5X]\QČ3UDJXH&]HFK5HSXEOLF $VRFLDFLyQ1DWXUDOLVWD$OPHULHQVH$OPHUtD6SDLQ $VRFLDFLyQ)RWRJUDItD\%LRGLYHUVLGDG6SDLQ *UXSR,EpULFRGH$UDFQRORJtD *,$ XUQOVLG]RREDQNRUJDXWKRU)%&))&%'&%&)%' ÁXUQOVLG]RREDQNRUJDXWKRU)$'$$'%)%')&$) XUQOVLG]RREDQNRUJDXWKRU%(&'%')&&%$( &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUV VHUJLRKHQULTXHV#LR]DFXN MPP#XPHV SHUH]]DUFRV#JPDLOFRP UH]DF#YXUYF] $EVWUDFW7KHJHQXVLoureedia 0LOOHU*ULVZROG6FKDUIIěH]iþ6]ĦWV 0DUKDEDLHLVUHFRUGHGIURP(XURSHIRUWKHILUVWWLPH ZLWKWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIDQHZVSHFLHV L. colleniVSQIURPVRXWKHDVWHUQ6SDLQGLIIHULQJPDUNHGO\IURPRWKHUVSHFLHVRIWKLVJHQXV LQELRJHRJUDSK\JHQLWDOPRUSKRORJ\DQGLQWKHVWULNLQJZKLWHGRUVDOSDWWHUQRIWKHPDOHVEresus albopictus DQGE. lucasiDUHFRQ VLGHUHGVHSDUDWHVSHFLHVDQGZHWUDQVIHUWKHODWWHUWRLoureediaDVL. lucasi FRPEQDVSHFLHVZKLFKZHSURSRVHDVDVHQLRU V\QRQ\PRIL. maroccana,QV\Q:HWKHUHIRUHUHFRJQLVHWKUHHYDOLGVSHFLHVLQWKHJHQXVL. colleniVSQL. lucasi DQGL. annu- lipesZHUHFRUGWKHODWWHUDVRFFXUULQJLQ/LE\DIRUWKHILUVWWLPHZKLOHUHSRUWLQJWKLVJHQXVIURP,UDQIRUWKHILUVWWLPHWKXVFRQ VLGHUDEO\H[WHQGLQJLWVFXUUHQWNQRZQUDQJH .H\ZRUGV$UDQHDH(UHVLGDHVSLGHUWD[RQRP\%HQ&ROOHQ6SDLQ0RURFFR/LE\D,UDQ 3ULPHURVUHJLVWURVGHOJpQHURLoureedia $UDQHDH(UHVLGDH GH(XURSDFRQODGHVFULSFLyQGHXQDHVSHFLHQXHYDXQD QXHYDFRPELQDFLyQ\ODSULPHUDFLWDGHL. annulipesGHXQQXHYRSDtV 5HVXPHQ6HFLWDSRUSULPHUDYH]HOJpQHURLoureedia0LOOHU*ULVZROG6FKDUIIěH]iþ6]ĦWV 0DUKDEDLHGH(XURSD FRQODGHVFULSFLyQGHXQDQXHYDHVSHFLHGHOVXUHVWHGH(VSDxDL. colleni VSQTXHGLILHUHQRWDEOHPHQWHGHOUHVWRGHHVSH FLHVGHOJpQHURWDQWRHQORVDVSHFWRVELRJHRJUiILFRVFRPRHQODPRUIRORJtDGHVXVJHQLWDOLDV\SRUODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQR GLVHxRDEGRPLQDOPX\FDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHFRORUEODQFRVREUHIRQGRQHJURHQORVPDFKRV&RQVLGHUDPRVTXHEresus albopictus 6LPRQ\E. lucasi6LPRQVRQHVSHFLHVGLVWLQWDV\SURSRQHPRVODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHHVWD~OWLPDDOJpQHURLoureedia FRPRL. lucasi FRPEQ$VXYH]SURSRQHPRVTXHGLFKDHVSHFLHVHDFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRVLQyQLPRDQWHULRUGHL. maroccana QV\Q3RUFRQVLJXLHQWHUHFRQRFHPRVWUHVHVSHFLHVYiOLGDVHQHOHVWHJpQHURL. colleniVSQL. lucasi\L. annulipesHVWD ~OWLPDVHFLWDSRUSULPHUDYH]GH/LELD\VHUHJLVWUDHOJpQHURSRUSULPHUDYH]GH,UiQDPSOLDQGRFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHVXiUHD GHGLVWULEXFLyQFRQRFLGDKDVWDHOPRPHQWR 3DODEUDVFODYH$UDQHDH(UHVLGDHDUDxDVWD[RQRPtD%HQ&ROOHQ(VSDxD0DUUXHFRV/LELD,UiQ 7D[RQRP\7D[RQRPtD Loureedia lucasi FRPEQ Loureedia maroccana*iO.RYiFV%DJ\y9iUL 3UD]ViNV\QQRY Loureedia colleni VSQ 7KLVZRUNLVGHGLFDWHGWR%HQ&ROOHQ¶VGDXJKWHU2WWLOLH&ROOHQ
,QWURGXFWLRQ 9HOYHWVSLGHUV IDPLO\(UHVLGDH RFFXULQDYDULHW\RIKDELWDWV EHGRQHIRULWWREHIXOO\XQGHUVWRRG ěH]iþet al.3p LQWKH3DOHDUFWLF$IURWURSLFDO,QGRPDOD\DQDQG1HRWURSLFDO UH]=DUFRV 6iQFKH]3LxHUR ,WLVWKHUHIRUHQRWVXU UHJLRQV -RFTXp 'LSSHQDDU6FKRHPDQ0LOOHUet al SULVLQJWKDWDQXQGHUVWXGLHGELRGLYHUVLW\KRWVSRWVXFKDVWKH :RUOG6SLGHU&DWDORJ 7KHIDPLO\LQFOXGHVQLQH ,EHULDQ3HQLQVXODVWLOOFRQWDLQVVHYHUDOXQGHVFULEHGVSHFLHV JHQHUDDQGDOPRVWRQHKXQGUHGVSHFLHVPRVWRIWKHPZLWK &DUGRVR 0RUDQR $IULFDQGLVWULEXWLRQ :RUOG6SLGHU&DWDORJ DQGRQO\ $FFRUGLQJ WR ZHEVLWH ³$UDQHDH 6SLGHUV RI (XURSH´ RQHLQWKH1HZ:RUOG .UDXV .UDXV 'HVSLWHWKHLU 1HQWZLJet al., WKHHUHVLGVSHFLHVFXUUHQWO\UHFRUGHGLQ ZLGHGLVWULEXWLRQ :RUOG6SLGHU&DWDORJ DSSHDOLQJ (XURSH EHORQJ WR IRXU JHQHUD Eresus :DOFNHQDHU DSSHDUDQFH UHFRJQL]HG FRQVHUYDWLRQ YDOXH )UDQF Adonea 6LPRQ Stegodyphus 6LPRQ DQG ěH]iþet al6HSSlOlet al DQGWKHIDVFLQDWLRQ Loureedia,0LOOHUet al. 1HQWZLJet al.*iOet WKH\ KDYH LQVWLOOHG LQ VFLHQWLVWV IRU FHQWXULHV 6FKDHIIHU al. 7KLVUHYLVLRQZRUNLVDLPHGDWSURGXFLQJDUHYLVLRQ RXUNQRZOHGJHRQWKLVIDPLO\LVVFDUFHDQGHYHQWKH RIWKHODWWHUDVLWVUHFRUGVLQ(XURSHZHUHQHYHUFRQILUPHGRU WD[RQRP\RIWKHSUHVXPDEO\ZHOOVWXGLHG&HQWUDO(XURSHDQ SXEOLVKHGDQGZHUHLQIDFWPLVLGHQWLILHG VSHFLHVKDVRQO\UHFHQWO\EHHQFODULILHGDQGPXFKUHPDLQVWR
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µJOP¶IXQFWLRQWRDQDO\VHWKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHGLIIHU W\,PDJLQJ/DE1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXP/RQGRQ HQW YDULDEOHV DQG WKH SUHVHQFHDEVHQFH RI WKH VSHFLHV $ PDOH VSHFLPHQ ZDV FULWLFDO SRLQW GULHG WKHQ */0ZDVXVHGLQDELQRPLDOIXQFWLRQZLWKWKHVFULSWglm PRXQWHGRQVWXEVRUURXQGKHDGHGULYHWVXVLQJDFRPELQD (formula, family = 'binomial', (link = 'logit'), data = 'data WLRQRIZKLWHJOXHQDLOSROLVKDQGDGKHVLYHFRSSHURU source' (DFKYDULDEOHZDVIRUPXODWHGWHVWHGDQGFRQ DOXPLQXPWDSH7KH\ZHUHVSXWWHUFRDWHGZLWKSODWLQXP WUDVWHGDJDLQVWDOORWKHURSWLRQVXVLQJDVWHSE\VWHSSUR SDOODGLXP DQG VFDQQHG ZLWK D +LWDFKL 6 VFDQQLQJ FHGXUHZLWKDXWRPDWHGSURWRFROVIRUWKHGLIIHUHQWIRUPXODV HOHFWURQPLFURVFRSHDWWKH³&HQWURGH,QVWUXPHQWDFLyQ LQWKHLUOLQHDUDQGTXDGUDWLFIRUPV'DWDWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ &LHQWtILFD´8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD ZDVFRQVLGHUHGZKHQDQRUPDOGLVWULEXWLRQZDVQRWSUH 0RUSKRORJLFDO WHUPLQRORJ\ IROORZV 0LOOHU et al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colleniVSQ'DUNEOXH DWWHPSWVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOVSDFHRFFXSLHG DUHDVUHSUHVHQWLQJRIORFDOLWLHVZKHUHL. colleniVSQ E\DVWXG\VSHFLHVDQGWRSURGXFHPDSVRIWKHVHSUHIHU SRWHQWLDOO\RFFXUV/LJKWEOXHUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHDUHDVZKHUHWKH HQFHVLQJHRJUDSKLFDOVSDFHDVSRWHQWLDOVSHFLHVGLVWULEX SUREDELOLW\RIILQGLQJSRSXODWLRQVRIWKLVVSHFLHVLVEHWZHHQ WLRQV HJ *XLVDQ =LPPHUPDQQ 6FRWW et al DQG 7KH VHFWLRQ FRORXUHG E\ ERWK EOXH WRQHV KHQFH UHSUHVHQWLQJDQDUHDZKHUHDWOHDVWRIORFDOLWLHVZLWKWKLV ,QRXUVWXG\WKHK\SRWKHWLFDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIVSHFLHV VSHFLHVDUHSUHGLFWHGWREHIRXQG7KHUHIRUHRXUPRGHOVSUH WKHUDQJHRIZKLFKLQFOXGHG1RUWK$IULFDDQGWKH0LGGOH GLFWVWKDWDWPRVWRIL. colleniVSQORFDOLWLHVDUHIRXQG (DVW L. annulipesDQGL. lucasi ZDVDGDSWHGZLWKWKH RXWVLGHWKHFRORXUHGDUHDVOLNHO\LQKDELWDWVZLWKSRRUO\VXLW UHFHQWO\UHYLVHGVHPLDULGFOLPDWLF]RQHVRIWKH.|SSHQ HGHFRORJLFDOQLFKHVZKHUHREVHUYDWLRQVPLJKWVWLOOEHPDGH *HLJHUFOLPDWHFODVVLILFDWLRQ .RWWHNet al5XEHO LQWKHIXWXUHEXWZKHUHWKHFRQGLWLRQVIRUWKHVSHFLHVWRWKULYH .RWWHN 5XEHO et al DYDLODEOH RQOLQH DW DUHSRRU KWWSNRHSSHQJHLJHUYXZLHQDFDW 7KH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ EDVLQ PDS ZDV PDGH XQGHU WKH 7KHVSHFLHVGLVWULEXWLRQPRGHOWKHUDQJHRIZKLFK 7LPHV3URMHFWLRQ6\VWHP :*6'DWXP ZKLOHWKHLQVHW ZDVPDLQODQG6SDLQ L. colleni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colleni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colleni VSQZDVLQIHUUHGIURPSKRWR VHQWHG E\ WKH YDOXHV RI GLIIHUHQW ELRFOLPDWLF YDULDEOHV JUDSKLFDOUHFRUGVRIPDOHVDQGWKHFROOHFWLRQGDWHVRIDQD XQGHUDNPVSDWLDOUHVROXWLRQ 870[NPJULG :H O\VHGPDWHULDO XVHGELRFOLPDWLFYDULDEOHVDVSURYLGHGE\WKH:RUOG 'LHWDQGPLFURKDELWDWZDVLQIHUUHGIURPWKHREVHUYD FOLPGDWDEDVH +LMPDQVet al. GHULYHGIURPWHPSHU WLRQRIQHVWVFRQWHQWDQGWKHLUORFDWLRQZKLFKZHUHYDOLGDWHG DWXUHDQGUDLQIDOOYDOXHV$OWLWXGHDQGRWKHUHFRORJLFDOO\ DVEHORQJLQJWRLoureediaVS UDWKHUWKDQQHVWVRIRWKHUHUH UHOHYDQWYDULDEOHVVXFKVWHHSQHVVDQGFDUGLQDOGLUHFWLRQV VLGJHQHUD E\WKHFROOHFWLRQDQGLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIWKHLQGLYLG RIVORSHVDQGKLOOVLGHVZHUHPHDVXUHGXVLQJ*HRJUDSKLF XDOVSHFLPHQVZKLFKZHUHIRXQGLQVLGHWKHQHVW1RDEDQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6\VWHP *,6 VRIWZDUH DQG XVLQJ 'LJLWDO GRQHGQHVWZHUHWKHUHIRUHXVHGIRUWKLVDQDO\VLV (OHYDWLRQ0RGHO '(0 ZLWKD[PVSDWLDOUHVROX
$EEUHYLDWLRQV 7KHUHIRUH KHUH ZH ZLOO VROHO\ IRFXV RQ UHFRUGLQJ +8-+HEUHZ8QLYHUVLW\RI-HUXVDOHP VSHFLPHQVIURPL. lucasiW\SHVHULHVSDUWLFXODUO\WKHPDOH 1+01DWLRQDO0XVHXPRI1DWXUDO+LVWRU\ /RQGRQ VSHFLPHQ )LJXUHDG LQRUGHUWRYDOLGDWHWKHJHQXVWUDQVIHU 0&1%0XVHRGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHV %DUFHORQD RIE. lucasiWRLoureedia FRPEQRY DQGLWVV\QRQ\PZLWK 01+10XVpXP1DWLRQDOG +LVWRLUH1DWXUHOOH 3DULV L. maroccana V\QQRY UHFRUGLQJWKHPRVWUHOHYDQWFKDUDF 01&10XVHR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHV 0DGULG WHUVRIWKHIHPDOHVRIWKLVVSHFLHVIRUWKHILUVWWLPH )LJHI 6RPHVSHFLPHQVXVHGIRUWKLVUHVHDUFKDUHGHSRVLWHGLQWKH )RUPRUHGHWDLOHGLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHWUDLWVRIWKLVVSHFLHVVHH SHUVRQDOFROOHFWLRQRI WKHRULJLQDOGHVFULSWLRQRIE. lucasi 6LPRQ DQGWKH FRPSUHKHQVLYH GHVFULSWLRQ RI L. maroccana *iOet al -.3&-RKDQYDQ.HHUSULYDWHFROOHFWLRQ -0&-HV~V0LxDQRSULYDWHFROOHFWLRQ 53&0LODQěH]iþSULYDWHFROOHFWLRQ Loureedia annulipes /XFDV 6+3&6pUJLR+HQULTXHVSULYDWHFROOHFWLRQ KWWSVSHFLHVLGQHWZLNL/RXUHHGLDBDQQXOLSHV 5HVXOWV ',675,%87,21(J\SWƃ$OH[DQGULH>QRGDWH@ $5 Loureedia0LOOHU*ULVZROG6FKDUIIěH]iþ6]ĦWV 0DUKDEDLH RULJLQDOFRGHRULJLQDOODEHOZULWWHQE\6LPRQ01+1 V\QW\SHV ,VUDHOƃ+DOXTLP5LGJH Q6HGH%RTHU XUQOVLG]RREDQNRUJDFW)(&'))($&((%'% 1RYHPEHU</XELQ 05+8-QRWVHHQEXWDQD KWWSVSHFLHVLGQHWZLNL/RXUHHGLD O\VHG YLD GHSLFWLRQV LQ 0LOOHU et al., ƃ 1HJHY Loureedia lucasi 6LPRQ 1LW]DQD>1LW]DQQD@YLOODJH2FWREHU 05+8- Eresus lucasi6LPRQSOI&RPEQRY QRWVHHQEXWDQDO\VHGYLDGHSLFWLRQVLQ0LOOHUet al., Loureedia maroccana*iO.RYiFV%DJ\y9iUL 3UD]ViN Ƃ 1HJHY :DGL 0DVKDVK 'HFHPEHU - .UDO ILJV6\QQRY 0553& /LE\Dƃ%HQJKD]L'LVWULFW ODEHOOHG DV '3HDUVRQ 1+0 ',675,%87,21 $OJHULD ƃ Ƃ 2UDQ >QR GDWH@ /XFDV 01+1W\SHVHULHVƃ/DOOD0DJKQLD>QRGDWH@/XFDV QRW 7$;2120,&+,6725<3UHYLRXVSXEOLFDWLRQVPHQWLRQHGWKDW H[DPLQHG01+1 W\SHVHULHV0RURFFRƃ6LGL%RX Eresus annulipes ZDVILUVWUHFRUGHGDVDIHPDOHIURP5LRGH NKDONKDO6HSWHPEHU-*iOƃ6LGL%RXNKDONKDO -DQHLURZKLOHLWZDVODWHUQRWHGWKDWWKHW\SHVSHFLPHQLVLQ 6HSWHPEHU 5 %DJ\y QRW VHHQ EXW DQDO\VHG YLD IDFWODEHOOHGDV Patria Ignota (0LOOHU et al GHSLFWLRQVLQ*iOet al., $OWKRXJKZHGRQ¶WGLVSXWHWKDWWKHODFNRIORFDWLRQLQ WKHVSHFLPHQ¶VODEHO>Patria ignota@GLVDJUHHVZLWKWKHORFDOL 7$;2120,&+,6725<7KLVVSHFLHVZDVRULJLQDOO\GHVFULEHG W\UHFRUGHGLQWKHRULJLQDOGHVFULSWLRQ>5LRGH-DQHLUR@RXU DVE. lucasi6LPRQDQGZDVODWHUV\QRQ\PL]HGZLWK DQDO\VLV RI WKH RULJLQDO SXEOLFDWLRQ DOVR UHYHDOHG WKDW WKH Eresus albopictus 6LPRQ EXWRXUDQDO\VLVKDVSURYHQ KRORW\SHZDVLQIDFWQRWDIHPDOHEXWLQGHHGDFRORXUIXOPDOH WKLVV\QRQ\PQRWWREHDFFXUDWHDVWKHKRORW\SHRIE. albopic- DVPDGHFOHDULQ/XFDV ¶VTXRWH³O¶RUJDQHH[FLWDWHXU tusFOHDUO\EHORQJVWRWKHEresusJHQXVZKHUHDVE. lucasi HVW URXJHDWUH JOREXOLIRUPH HW DUPp j VRQ H[WUpPLWp G¶XQ SRVVHVVHVLoureediaIHDWXUHV )LJDI FURFKHWFRUQpQRLUELpSLQHX[´ZKLFKDFFXUDWHO\GHVFULEHV 7KHILUVWUHFRUGHGVSHFLPHQVRIL. lucasiZHUHDPDOH WKHPDOHSDOSUHSRUWHGIRU L. annulipes 0LOOHUet al., DQGIHPDOHIURP$OJHULDFROOHFWHGE\/XFDV LQWKHRXWVNLUWVRI 3HUKDSVZKDWRULJLQDWHGWKHFRQIXVLRQRQWKHJHQGHURI 2UDQDQGDVHFRQGPDOHIURP/DOOD0DJKQLDQHDUWKH$OJHUL WKHVSHFLPHQPHQWLRQHGLQWKLVGHVFULSWLRQZDVWKHVHQWHQFH DQERUGHUZLWK0RURFFR 6LPRQ ³&HWWHMROLHHVSqFHGRQWMHQHFRQQDLVTXHOHPDOH´>7KLV 6HYHUDORWKHUVSHFLPHQVUHSRUWHGDVE. albopictus,WKDW EHDXWLIXOVSHFLHVRIZKLFK,NQRZRQO\WKHPDOH@3HUKDSVWKH PLJKWEHORQJWRL. lucasi ZHUHUHSRUWHGIURP2UOpDQVYLOOHDQG )UHQFKZRUGGRQWKDVEHHQPLVLQWHUSUHWHGZLWKWKH(QJOLVK 'D\DLQ$OJHULD FROOHFWHGE\/%HGHO IURPWKH1RUWK$IUL GRQ WFDXVLQJVRPHUHDGHUVWRLQIHUWKDWWKHPDOHZDVQRW FDQHQFODYHRI0HOLOOD FROOHFWHGE\$ULDV DQGIURP0RURF DQDO\VHG FRZKHQGHOD(VFDOHUDFROOHFWHGFRQVSHFLILFPDOHDQGIHPDOH IURP(VVDRXLUD 6LPRQ +RZHYHUQRQHRIWKHVHVSHF 63(&,(6'(6&5,37,21L. annulipesZDVILUVWLOOXVWUDWHGZLWK LPHQVDUHFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHIRUDQDO\VLVDQGLV\HWXQFOHDU FRQVLGHUDEOHGHWDLOIRUWKHFRYHURI³Initiation à l'étude systé- ZKLFKRIWKHVHUHFRUGVPD\KDYHEHHQPLVLGHQWLILHGL. lucasi matique des araignées´ /HGRX[ &DQDUG GHVFULS VSHFLPHQVDQGZKLFKWUXO\EHORQJWRE. albopictus WLYHLOOXVWUDWLRQVDQGPHDVXUHPHQWVKDGDOVREHHQSXEOLVKHG 7KHWD[RQRPLFLGHQWLW\RIWKHVHUHFRUGVDQGWKHUHYLVHG IURP(J\SWLDQW\SHPDWHULDORULJLQDOO\LGHQWLILHGDVE. semi- GLVWULEXWLRQRIE. albopictusLVSDUWRIDQXSFRPLQJUHYLVLRQRI canus (O+HQQDZ\ DQGERWKPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVZHUH WKHEresusJHQXVDQGZDVFRQVLGHUHGWREHEH\RQGWKHVFRSH FRPSUHKHQVLYHO\GHVFULEHGDQGSKRWRJUDSKHGZKHQWKHJHQXV RI WKLV SXEOLFDWLRQ ZKLFK LV DLPHG DW DGGUHVVLQJ WKH ZDVHUHFWHGWRKROGWKLVVSHFLHV 0LOOHUet al., LoureediaJHQXV )857+(5127(621LOUREEDIA. )RUFODULW\LQFRPPXQLFD 63(&,(6'(6&5,37,21L. lucasiPDOHVZHUHRULJLQDOO\LOOXV WLRQLQWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQZHLQIRUPDOO\GLVWLQJXLVKWKLVJHQXV WUDWHGDQGGHVFULEHGDVKDYLQJDKLJKO\HOHYDWHGDQGFRQYH[ LQWRWZRPRUSKRORJLFDOJURXSV2QHZLWKWKHVSHFLHVFXUUHQW FDUPLQHUHGFHSKDORWKRUD[DQGDEGRPHQZLWKORQJLWXGLQDO O\NQRZQIURP1RUWK$IULFDDQGWKH0LGGOH(DVWZLWKEULJKW EDQGVRIUHG 6LPRQ &KDUDFWHUVZKLFKDOVRPDWFKL. O\UHGPDOHV L. annulipes DQG L. lucasi ZKLFKZHFDOOWKH L. annulipes 0LOOHUet al., annulipesJURXSDQGVSHFLHVIURPWKH:HVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ +RZHYHU VLPLODU WKH WD[RQRPLF GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ ZLWKZKLWHSDWWHUQHGPDOHV FXUUHQWO\ZLWKRQO\RQHVSHFLHV WKHVHWZRVSHFLHV L. annulipesDQGL. lucasi DVL. marocca- L. colleni VSQ ZKLFKZHFDOOWKHL. colleni VSQJURXS:H na KDYHDOUHDG\EHHQFRPSUHKHQVLYHO\H[SORUHG *iOet al., SUHVHQWIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHILUVWJURXS
)LJ Loureedia lucasi >D@/DWHUDOYLHZRIWKHPDOHSHGLSDOSRILoureedia lucasi>E@$[LDOYLHZRIWKHPDOHEXOERIL. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >F@)URQWDOYLHZRIDPDOHL. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >G@'RUVDOYLHZRIDPDOH L. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >H@9HQWUDOYLHZ RIWKHIHPDOHJHQLWDOLDRIL. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >I@'RUVDOYLHZRIWKHIHPDOHJHQLWDOLDRIL. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >J@/DWHUDOYLHZ RIDPDOHFDUDSDFHRILoureedia FI lucasiIRXQGLQDIHPDOH¶VQHVW $JDGLU,GD2X7DQDQHSURYLQFH0RURFFR >K@0DOH LRXUHHGLDFI. lucasi .pQLWUD3URYLQFH0RURFFR 3KRWRE\/XLV*DUFtD&DUGHQHWH
)LJLoureedia annulipes>D@/DWHUDOYLHZRIDPDOHSDOSRIL. annulipes %HQJKD]L/LE\D >E@'RUVDOYLHZRIDPDOHLoureedia annulipes %HQ JKD]L/LE\D >F@/DWHUDOYLHZRIDIHPDOHL. annulipes ,VUDHO >G@)URQWDOYLHZRIDIHPDOHL. annulipes ,VUDHO >H@9HQWUDOYLHZRIWKHJHQLWDOLDRI IHPDOHL. annulipes ,VUDHO >I@'RUVDOYLHZRIWKHJHQLWDOLDRIIHPDOHUHSURGXFWLYHRUJDQVL. annulipes ,VUDHO >J@'RUVDOYLHZRIPDOHLoureedia VSIURP=DZL\D'LVWULFW/LE\D 3KRWRE\2VDPD2(WHZLVK >K@'RUVDOYLHZRIPDOHLoureedia VS IURP7HKUDQ,UDQ 3KRWRE\$PLU+RVVHLQ %ROKDUL
*(2*5$3+,&$/',675,%87,217KXVIDUWKHL. annulipes OHJ>69*@Granada province&HQHVGHOD9HJDP JURXSZDVRQO\NQRZQIURPWKH6RXWKDQG(DVWHUQ0HGLWHU ƃ ZDQGHULQJ MXO\ -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ UDQHDQ $OJHULD,VUDHO(J\SWDQG7XQLVLD ,QWKLVZRUNZH >69*@%HQDPDXUHOPƃZDQGHULQJ-XQH UHSRUWWKHRFFXUUHQFHRIL. annulipes LQ/LE\DIRUWKHILUVW -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@&DVWLOOD/D0DQFKD WLPH )LJDE $OVRQRWLQJWKDWVLPLODUVSHFLPHQV )LJI Albacete province+HOOtQPƃXQGHUVWRQHPD\ SHUWDLQLQJWRL. annulipesRUL. lucasi KDYHEHHQVLJKWHGDW -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6:*@+HOOtQPƃ VHYHUDO SRLQWV DORQJ WKH /LE\DQ FRDVW 2VDPD 2 (WHZLVK XQGHU VWRQH 6HSWHPEHU -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ SHUVFRPP >6;+@Ciudad Real province5XLGHUDPƃ :HDOVREHOLHYHLWLVZRUWKUHSRUWLQJRQWKHUHPDUNDEOH 2FWREHU6+3&0$9DOHQWtQOHJ>6:-@$OKDP SKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGVIURP,UDQWKDWFOHDUO\EHDUVIHDWXUHV EUDPƃXQGHUVWRQH6HSWHPEHU -0& - IURPWKHL. annulipes JURXS )LJK 0LxDQROHJ>6:-@0XUFLD5HJLRQMurcia province ,UDQƃ7HKUDQ3URYLQFH2FWREHU$PLU+RVVHLQ 0D]DUUyQPƃSLWIDOO-XO\WR1RYHPEHU %ROKDUL SKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUG ƃ7HKUDQ3URYLQFH1RYHP -.3&-RKDQYDQ.HHUOHJ>6;*@$EDQLOODPƃ EHU$OLUH]D=DPDQL SKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUG SLWIDOO 2FWREHU -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ 7KHVH UHFRUGV H[WHQG WKH JHQXV UDQJH FRQVLGHUDEO\ >6;+@$OKDPDGH0XUFLDPƃSLWIDOO HDVWZDUGV3KRWRVRIRWKHUVSHFLPHQVZLWKVLPLODUIHDWXUHV 1RYHPEHU -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6:*@$OKDPD IURPDGLVWLQFWLQGHSHQGHQWVRXUFHLQWKHFRXQWU\ZHUHDOVR GH0XUFLDPƃZDQGHULQJPD\ -0& $ REVHUYHGSURYLGLQJFRPSHOOLQJHYLGHQFHWKDWWKHJHQXVLV 0LOOiQOHJ>6;+@&DUWDJHQDPƃXQGHUVWRQH OLNHO\ QDWLYH WR WKH FRXQWU\ DOWKRXJK KXPDQ LQWURGXFWLRQ $XJXVW -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@&DUWDJH FDQ¶WEHH[FOXGHG,WLVOLNHO\WKDWWKHVH,UDQLDQUHFRUGVEHORQJ QDPƃSUH\LQZHERISteatoda paykulianaPD\ WRDGLVWLQFWDQGXQGHVFULEHGLoureediaVSHFLHV8QIRUWXQDWH -0& -0LxDQR -0DUWtQH]$YLOpVOHJ>6;*@ O\WKHSKRWRJUDSKHGVSHFLPHQZDVQRWFROOHFWHGDQGSUH &DUWDJHQDPƃSLWIDOO$SULO -0& -0L VHUYHGVSHFLPHQVIURPRWKHUUHFRUGVKDYHEHHQORVWRUQRW xDQR %,2&,0$6/OHJ>6:)@&DUWDJHQDP EHHQPDGHDYDLODEOH ƃƂPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ-XQH -0& -0LxDQR -0DUWtQH]$YLOpVOHJ>6;*@&DUWDJHQDPƃ %(+$9,285,GHQWLILDEOHSDUWVRIWKHEULJKWUHGPDOHVLQ SLWIDOO6HSWHPEHUWR6HSWHPEHU -0& - FOXGLQJDFDUDSDFH )LJJ KDYHEHHQIRXQGLQDIHPDOHµV 0LxDQR (QYLURQPHQWDO9ROXQWHHULQJ&$50OHJ>6; QHVWSRVVLEO\DFFRXQWLQJIRUSRVWPDWLQJFDQQLEDOLVP *@&LH]DPƃSLWIDOO)HEUXDU\WR0DUFK -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@)RUWXQDPƃ Loureedia colleni +HQULTXHV0LxDQR 3pUH]=DUFRVVSQ SLWIDOO -XQH WR -XO\ -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ +2/27<3(63$,1$QGDOXFLDGranada province*UDQDGD >6;+@-XPLOODPƃSLWIDOO2FWREHUWR PXQLFLSDOLW\PƃPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ2FWREHU 1RYHPEHU -0& -//HQFLQDOHJ>6:*@-XPLO GHSRVLWHGDW01&1 &DUORV-HUH]GHO9DOOH ODPƃSLWIDOO-XO\WR$XJXVW -0& -/ /HJ>69*@ /HQFLQDOHJ>6<+@-XPLOODPƃSLWIDOO-XQH WR-XQH -0& -//HQFLQDOHJ>6;+@/RUFD 3$5$7<3(663$,1$QGDOXFLDAlmeria province$OPHULD PƂPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ-XQH -0& -0L PXQLFLSDOLW\PƃPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ2FWREHU xDQROHJ>6;*@/RUFDPƃXQGHUVWRQH 01&1)UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]OHJ>6:)@ 2FWREHU -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@0D]DUUyQ 9LFDUPƂPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ0DUFK01&1 P ƃ XQGHU SODQW Stipa tenacissima 0D\ )UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]OHJ>6:)@9LFDU -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;*@0D]DUUyQPƃ P Ƃ PDQXDO FROOHFWLRQ $SULO 01&1 SLWIDOO 0D\ WR -XQH -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ )UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]OHJ>6:)@6RUEDVP >6;*@0D]DUUyQPƃXQGHUSODQWThymus hye- ƃ 0&1% 0=% Ƃ 0&1%0=% malis)HEUXDU\ -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6:-@ SLWIDOO 6HSWHPEHU WR 'HFHPEHU 0D]DUUyQPƃXQGHUSODQW)HEUXDU\ -0& - 0&1% -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@0XUFLD5HJLRQMurcia 0LxDQROHJ>6;*@0XUFLD0XQLFLSDOLW\Pƃ province)RUWXQDPƃƂPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ SLWIDOO-XQH -0& 9=DSDWD -0LxDQROHJ $SULO 01+1 -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@$EDQLOOD >6;+@0XUFLD0XQLFLSDOLW\PƃSRROIDOO PƃSLWIDOO2FWREHU 01+1 -0LxDQR -XO\ -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@0XUFLD0XQLFL OHJ>6;+@ SDOLW\PƃSLWIDOO6HSWHPEHU -0& - $'',7,21$/63(&,0(1663$,1$QGDOXFLDAlmería prov- 0LxDQROHJ>6;*@3XHUWR/XPEUHUDVPƃZDQ ince$OER[PƃPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ1RYHPEHU GHULQJ -XO\ -0& - 0LxDQR OHJ >6;*@ -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;*@&DERGH*DWDP 5LFRWHPƃSLWIDOO-XQHWR-XO\ -0& - ƃ SLWIDOO 0D\ -0& $ $JXLUUH OHJ 0LxDQR OHJ >6;*@ 6DQ -DYLHU P ƃ PDQXDO >6:)@&DERGH*DWDPƃZDQGHULQJ$SULO FROOHFWLRQ$SULO /RVW -0LxDQR -0DUWtQH] -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6:)@&XHYDVGH$OPDQ]R $YLOpVOHJ>6;*@8OHDPƃSLWIDOO2FWREHU UDPƂSLWIDOO$SULO -0& -0LxDQR WR1RYHPEHU -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;*@ OHJ>6;+@(O(MLGRPƃZDQGHULQJ$SULO
YHPEHU -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;+@$OLFDQWH 0XQLFLSDOLW\PƃPDQXDOFROOHFWLRQ)HEUXDU\ -0& -0LxDQROHJ>6;*@ $'',7,21$/63(&,0(1621/<5(&25'('%<3+2726HH 6XSSRUWLQJ,QIRUPDWLRQ )LJV66 IRUPRUHGHWDLOV 63$,1$QGDOXFLDƃ2FWREHU(YDGH0iV )LJ 6 ƃ2FWREHU )LJ6 2FWREHU )LJ 6 2FWREHU )LJ6 DQG6HSWHPEHU )LJ 6 )UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]ƃGranada province2FWREHU )HUQDQGR0ROLQD6iQFKH] )LJ6 ƃ6HSWHPEHU )LJ6 DQG2FWREHU )LJ6 6LPRQ2OLYHU 0DGULG&RPPXQLW\Madrid provinceƃ2FWREHU -RVp$QWRQLR*yPH] )LJ6 0XUFLD5HJLRQMurcia pro- vinceƃ2FWREHU-RVp/XLV3DODFLRV )LJ6 9DOHQFLDQ&RPPXQLW\Alicante provinceƃ2FWREHU 6WHYLH6PLWK )LJ6 ƃ2FWREHU+XJK- *ULIILWKV )LJ6 (7<02/2*<7KHVSHFLHVLVQDPHGDIWHU'U%HQ&ROOHQ )HEUXDU\±0D\ LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\UHFRJQL]HG FRQVHUYDWLRQ VFLHQWLVW -RQHV 3XUYLV ZKR ORYHG 6SDLQ WKHW\SHORFDOLW\RIWKLVVSHFLHV ZKHUHKHWDXJKWQX PHURXV VWXGHQWV DQG FRQGXFWHG PXOWLSOHILHOGFRXUVHV+H VXSHUYLVHG VXSSRUWHG DQG LQVSLUHG WKH ILUVW DXWKRU RI WKLV SXEOLFDWLRQXQWLOKLVXQWLPHO\GHDWK 7$;2120,&+,6725<L. annulipesKDVXQWLOWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQ RQO\EHHQUHFRUGHGIURP$OJHULD7XQLVLD(J\SWDQG,VUDHO +RZHYHUDFFRUGLQJWRWKH³$UDQHDH6SLGHUVRI(XURSH´ZHE VLWH 1HQWZLJet al., WKLVVSHFLHVLVDOVRUHFRUGHGIURP VRXWKHUQ6SDLQTXRWLQJ0ěH]iþ SHUVFRPP 7KLVUHFRUG HGRFFXUUHQFHKDVSURYHQQRWWREHORQJWRL. annulipesEXW UDWKHUWRWKHQHZVSHFLHVGHVFULEHGKHUHDVL. colleni VSQ )LJ*HQHUDORYHUYLHZRIWKHhabitus in vivumRILoureedia colleni VSQIHPDOH DERYH DQGPDOH EHOORZ ERWKIURP0XUFLD5HJLRQ 63(&,(6'(6&5,37,21 0DOHPattern and coloration.-7KHPRVWUHPDUNDEOHIHDWXUH RIL. colleni VSQLVWKHFRPSOHWHDEVHQFHRIDEULJKWFRORUD 3URVRPDDQGOHJVWHQGWREHZKLWHULQLQGLYLGXDOVOLYLQJLQ WLRQSDWWHUQ )LJDQGEF XQOLNHWKHRQHIRXQGLQWKHWZR GULHVWKDELWDWVZLWKZKLWHVRLOVZKHUHWKHRQO\EODFNUHJLRQV RWKHUVSHFLHVRIWKLVJHQXVZKLFKDOZD\VGLVSOD\EULJKWUHG LQWKHPDOH¶VSURVRPDLVUHGXFHGWRWKHRFXODUDUHDDQGWKH VHFWLRQVERWKLQWKHRSLVWKRVRPDDVZHOODVRIWHQLQWKHSUR FKHOLFHUDH )LJ ,QGLYLGXDOVIURPOHVVDULGKDELWDWVKDYH VRPD )LJK)LJJK L. colleni VSQDOVRKDVVFDWWHUHG GDUNHUFRORUDWLRQSDWWHUQV EODFNZLWKEURZQVKDGHV ZKLWHVHWDHLQWKHSURVRPDZKLFKDUHRIWHQFRPSDFWLQWKH WKRUDFLFVHFWLRQ )LJ )LJ'RUVDOYLHZRIRSLVWKRVRPDSDWWHUQLQLoureedia colleniVSQ>D@)HPDOHV>E@0DOHV>F@6FKHPDWLFLOOXVWUDWLRQRIRYHUDOOVKDSH DQGFRORUDWLRQRIPDOHLQ L. colleni VSQXVLQJFRORXUFRGHWRUHSUHVHQWWKHDEGRPLQDOSDWWHUQYDULDELOLW\:KLWHDUHDVUHSUHVHQWLQJUH JLRQVZKHUHZKLWHFRORUDWLRQZDVDOZD\VREVHUYHGDQGJUH\DUHDVLQGLFDWLQJUHJLRQVZKHUHZKLWHFRORUDWLRQVZKHUHDWWLPHVREVHUYHG GRWWHGOLQHVUHSUHVHQWDUHDVZKHUHWKHSDWWHUQKDVPRUHRIWHQWHUPLQDWHG VFDOHPP
7KHZKLWHULQJVIRXQGLQWKLVJHQXVOHJV SUREDEO\WKH HUDQGWKLQQHULQL. annulipesDQGKDVDPXFKZLGHUDQG FDXVH IRU L. annulipes HW\PRORJ\ DUH YHU\ EURDG LQ WKH HFWDOSRVLWLRQLQL. lucasiZKHUHDVLQL. colleni VSQWKLV Loureedia colleni VSQ DQGJLYHWKHDSSHDUDQFHRIZKLWHOHJV VHFWLRQRIWKHFKDQQHOLVERWKHFWDODQGVPDOOFRPSOHWLQJ LQWHUUXSWHGE\EODFNULQJV )LJ)LJFDQG66 $OW LWVDQWHULRUORRSMXVWDWWKHHGJHRIWKHFRQGXFWRU¶VEDVDO KRXJKUHPDUNDEO\GLIIHUHQWLQFRORXUWKHPDOH¶VDEGRPLQDO PDUJLQ SDWWHUQLQDOOLoureediaVSHFLHVVKDUHVRPHVLPLODULWLHVZKLFK Lateral view of the male pedipalp ZHFRQVLGHULPSRUWDQWWRDQDO\VHDVFRORUDWLRQLVRIWHQORVWLQ /DWHUDOO\LWEHFRPHVFOHDUHUWKDWWKHGRUVDOFRQGXFWRUWLSLV WKHSUHVHUYDWLRQSURFHVV QRWRQO\ORQJHULQLoureedia colleniVSQEXWDOVRWKLQQHU 7KHDQWHULRUUHJLRQLVDOPRVWLGHQWLFDOLQDOOVSHFLHVWR SDUWLFXODUO\DWLWVWLS )LJDF DQGLWVVKDSHFOHDUO\GLVWLQ ZKDWFRQFHUQVVKDSHDQGWKHUHJLRQEHWZHHQWKHILUVWWZR JXLVKHVLWIURPL. lucasi )LJD DQGL. annulipes )LJD SDLUVRIPXVFXODULQVHUWLRQVDOWKRXJKWKLFNHULQL. annulipes ,Q DOO WKUHH VSHFLHV WKH WLS RI WKH HFWDO FRQGXFWRU WRRWK LV DQGL. lucasiLVDOVRRIWHQSUHVHQWLQL. colleni VSQ )LJF UDLVHGKLJKHUWKDQLWVEDVHEXWWKLVLVPRVWQRWDEOHLQL. colle- 7KHSRVWHULRUUHJLRQLVZKHUHPRUHGLVWLQFWLRQVFDQEHQR niVSQHYHQWKRXJKWKHEDVDOUHJLRQRIWKHGRUVDOPDUJLQLV WLFHGDVL. colleni VSQSDWWHUQZDVDOZD\VUHFRUGHGDVKDY RQO\VOLJKWO\FXUYHGGRZQZDUGV )LJF RUHYHQDSSHDU LQJZKLWHPDUNLQJVRQWKHSRVWHULRUPXVFXODULQVHUWLRQV )LJ DOPRVWVWUDLJKW )LJD ZKLOHLWLVIXUWKHUFXUYHGGRZQ F)LJE ZKHUHDVLQL. annulipesDQGL. lucasiLWLVGLV ZDUGVLQL. lucasi )LJD DQGVWURQJO\FXUYHGGRZQZDUGVL. FRORXUHGDQGPHUJHVZLWKWKHODWHUDOUHJLRQRIWKHEODFNILHOG annulipes )LJD )LJFGK)LJEK 7KHYHQWUDOPDUJLQRIWKHHFWDOFRQGXFWRUWRRWKLQL. 0DOHJHQLWDOLD$OWKRXJKYHU\VLPLODUWRRWKHUPDOHJHQLWDOLD colleniVSQLVKLJKO\FRQYH[WKURXJKRXWLWVHQWLUHOHQJWK GHVFULEHGIRUWKLVJHQXVLWSUHVHQWVVHYHUDOGLVWLQFWLYHIHD )LJF ZKLOHLQL. annulipesLWLVRQO\VOLJKWO\FRQYH[ )LJ WXUHVZKLFKZHVXPPDUL]HG )LJ D DQGLVDOPRVWVWUDLJKWLQL. lucasi )LJD ,QL. colleniVSQPHVDOFRQGXFWRUWRRWKDSSHDUVPRUH H[SRVHGIURPWKHHFWDORQH )LJF EHFDXVHRILWVOHVVHU WRUVLRQZKLFKHQDEOHVLW¶VWLSWREHPRUHHDVLO\VHHQZKLOHLQ L. lucasiDQGL. annulipesDKLJKHUURWDWLRQWRZDUGVLWVYHQWUDO VLGHLVUHTXLUHGWRH[SRVHLW )LJDDQG)LJD :KLFK EHFRPHVFOHDUHUIURPDIURQWDOYLHZ )URPDIURQWDODQJOHWKHPHVDOFRQGXFWRUWRRWKRIL. colleniKDVOHVVHUWRUVLRQZKLFKLVSHUFHLYHGDVPRUHRSHQ ZLGHURUDVDOHVVFRLOHGVSLUDO )LJF LQL. lucasiWKLVWRU VLRQLVJUHDWHUDQGWKHWRRWKUHDFKHVIXUWKHULQWRWKHFHQWHURI WKHVWUXFWXUH )LJE ZKHUHDVLQL. annulipesLWKDVWKH KLJKHVWWRUVLRQDQGLVFRLOHGHYHQIXUWKHU 0LOOHUHWDO )LJ 6FKHPDWLF LOOXVWUDWLRQ RI WKH EXOE SHGLSDOS RI )LJ) Loureedia colleni VSQ9HQWUDOYLHZZLWKUHOHYDQWPRUSKR Microstructures of the male palp ORJLFDOQRPHQFODWXUH 7KHIURQWDOPDUJLQRIWKHFRQGXFWRUDSSHDUVGLIIHUHQWXQGHU Ventral view of the male pedipalp 6(0REVHUYDWLRQ,WLVVPRRWKLQL. annulipes 0LOOHUet al. 7UDLW7KHPHVDOFRQGXFWRUPDUJLQLVYHU\VWUDLJKWin L. ILJ) EXWVHUUDWHGLQL. lucasi *iOet al.ILJ annulipes )LJD VRPHKRZVLQXRXVLQL. lucasi )LJ ' DQGL. colleni VSQ )LJ E DQGKLJKO\FRQFDYHLQ L. colleni VSQ )LJ)LJF )URPDQDSLFDOYLHZRIWKHPDOHSHGLSDOSLWLVFOHDUWKDW SHUKDSVDVDFRQVHTXHQFHRIWKLVIHDWXUHWKHDQJOHIRUPHG WKH PHVDO FRQGXFWRU LV OLQNHG WR D FRPSOH[ IODPHVKDSHG E\WKHPHVDODQGEDVDOFRQGXFWRUPDUJLQVHQGVDEUXSWO\DW ODPHOODWHGVWUXFWXUHG)6/6 )LJ ZKLFKDSSHDUVWREHEL DQDQJOHLQL. annulipes, SURGXFLQJDQ³/´VKDSH )LJ GLPHQVLRQDOEXWLWLVLQIDFWHODERUDWHGDQGSUREDEO\KDVJRW D SURGXFLQJDQLQYHUWHG³F´VKDSHLQ L. lucasi )LJD WD[RQRPLFYDOXHLQLoureediaRURWKHU(UHVLGDHJHQHUD )LJE DQGD³!³VKDSHGFRUQHULQ L. colleni VSQ )6/6LVDZHOOGHYHORSHGVKHHWLQLoureedia colleni VS )LJF QZKLOHLVDVPDOONHHOLQL. annulipes 0LOOHUet al. ILJ) DQGKDVDURZRIIODPHVKDSHGVWUXFWXUHVLQL. lu- 7UDLW7KHHFWDOPDUJLQRIWKHFRQGXFWRULVRQO\VOLJKWO\ casi *iOet al.ILJ$' ZKLFKDUHEUXVKOLNHLQ FXUYHGLQZDUGVLQWKHL. colleni VSQ )LJ)LJF LQ DSSHDUDQFH RSSRVLWLRQWRWKHKLJKO\FRQFDYHHFWDOPDUJLQRIL. annu- 7KHVHPLFURPRUSKRORJLFDOGLIIHUHQFHVPLJKWEHUHODWHG lipes )LJD DQGWKHVWUDLJKWPDUJLQRIL. lucasi )LJE WRGLIIHUHQWUHSURGXFWLYHVWUDWHJLHV LQWUDVSHFLILFUHFRJQL 7UDLW7KHGRUVDOFRQGXFWRUWLSLVYHU\VLPLODUEHWZHHQDOO WLRQZLWKLQDNH\ORFNVWUDWHJ\ WRVWLPXODWHVSHFLILFUH VSHFLHVEXWLWLVWKLFNHUDWLWVEDVHLQL. lucasi DQGL. colleni JLRQVLQVLGHWKHIHPDOH WRVFUDSHLQWHUQDOVWUXFWXUHVZLWKLQ VSQDQGFRQVLGHUDEO\VWUDLJKWHULQL. annulipesDQGL. col- WKHIHPDOHWRUHPRYHVHPHQRIFRPSHWLQJPDOHVIRUH[DPSOH leni VSQ.7KHYHQWUDOFRQGXFWRUWLSLVDOVRVLPLODUDPRQJ (EHUKDUG )XUWKHUUHVHDUFKLVQHHGHGWRXQGHUVWDQG DOOVSHFLHVEXWLWIDFHVXSZDUGVDWDVOLJKWO\VWHHSHUDQJOHLQ ERWK WKH IXQFWLRQ RI WKH )6/6 DQG WKH VSHUP FRPSHWLWLRQ L. annulipesPDNLQJWKHPDUJLQWKDWMRLQVERWKWLSVFORVHU VWUDWHJLHVLQL. colleni VSQ,DVZHKDYHIRXQGPDWLQJSOXJV WR )LJ E DQG SKHQRORJ\ GDWD DV ZHOO DV VRPH HPSLULFDO 7UDLW)URPDYHQWUDOYLHZWZRVHFWLRQVRIWKHVSHUPFKDQ REVHUYDWLRQV )LJ J VXJJHVWV WKDW PDWHJXDUGLQJ PLJKW QHODUHYLVLEOHWKRXJKWKHtegulumRIWKHFRQGXFWRUEXOE RFFXU 7KHSRVWHULRUORRSQHDUWKHHPEROXVLVFRQVLGHUDEO\VPDOO
)LJ/HIWPDOHSHGLSDOSRILoureedia colleniVSQ>D@ODWHUDOPHVDOYLHZ>E@YHQWUDOYLHZ>F@ODWHUDOHFWDOYLHZ WXUQHG
)LJ9HQWUDOYLHZRIPDOHSHGLSDOS ULJKW LQWKHLoureedia JHQXV>D@L. annulipes IURP/LE\D >E@L. lucasi W\SHVHULHV >F@L. colleni VS Q KRORW\SH 1XPEHUVLQGLFDWLQJWKHIRXUWUDLWVFRQVLGHUHGPRVWUHOHYDQWWRGLVWLQJXLVKWKHP VHHUHVXOWVIRUPRUHGHWDLOV
)LJ0DOHSHGLSDOSRILoureedia colleni VSQXQGHU6(0>D@ODWHUDOPHVDOYLHZ>E@ODWHUDOHFWDOYLHZ>F@DSLFDORUD[LDOYLHZ
)HPDOH*HQHUDOJUH\LVKDSSHDUDQFHGXHWRWKHSUHVHQFHRI YLDQHZHFG\VLVDIWHUPDWXUDWLRQDVPRXOWLQJKDVEHHQUHF ZKLWHKDLUVEHWZHHQWKHEODFNKDLUVLQWKHEDFNJURXQG )LJ RUGHGLQRWKHU(UHVLGDHZLWKFRPSOHWHO\GHYHORSHGIHPDOH DQG)LJD ZKLFKFDQOHDGWRPLVDWWULEXWHWRLPPDWXUH JHQLWDOLD .UDXV .UDXV Eresus VSS 2SLVWKRVRPD JUH\LVK EDFNJURXQG ZLWK ZKLWH VSRWVODUJHULQWKHDQWHULRUUHJLRQRFFDVLRQDOO\DUUDQJHGLQ )HPDOHJHQLWDOLD7KLVLVDVWUXFWXUHZKLFKLVQRWRULRXVO\ DUFVLQWKHSRVWHULRUUHJLRQ7KHFDUDSDFHRISURVRPDRIWHQ YDULDEOHLQWKHIDPLO\DQGWKHDQDO\VLVSUHVHQWLVQ¶WQHDUO\DV GLVSOD\VGRUVDOZKLWHPDUNVWKDWFDQEHGLVWULEXWHGLQGLIIXVH UHOLDEOHDVWKHRQHEDVHGRQPDOHJHQLWDOLD+RZHYHUIURPWKH ORQJLWXGLQDOVWULSHV6RPHIHPDOHVKDYHD³PDVN´RI\HOORZ PDWHULDOFXUUHQWO\DYDLODEOHWKHDQWHULRUOREHLQL. colleni VS LVKKDLUVLQWKHIURQWRFXODUDUHDDQGFKHOLFHUDHVXUIDFHVLPL Q )LJF FDQEHPXFKVPDOOHUWKDQL. annulipes 0LOOHUet ODUWRVRPHEresusIHPDOHV )LJ al ERWKLQKHLJKWDVLQZLGWKZKLFKLQWXUQFDQEH 7KHOHJVDUHJUH\LVKLQDOOWKHLUOHQJWKRUPD\SUHVHQW VPDOOHUWKDQWKHDQWHULRUOREHRIL. lucasi )LJHI VRPHZKLWHPDUNVQHDUWKHDUWLFXODWLRQVRIWKHVHJPHQWV 7KHVL]HRIWKHDQWHULRUOREHRIWHQSRVLWLRQVWKHVSHUPD 6RPH VSHFLPHQV FDQ DOVR SUHVHQW ZKLWLVK PDUNV WKDW UXQ WKHFDOKHDGVPXFKFORVHUWRHDFKRWKHULQWKHL. colleni VSQ ORQJLWXGLQDOO\DORQJPRVWRIVHJPHQWVHVSHFLDOO\LQWKHOHJV, WKDQLQDQ\RWKHUVSHFLHVDQGSUHVHQWVDYHU\GLVWLQFWLYHDO DQG,, )LJ PRVWODQFHRODWHVKDSH )LJE ZKHUHDVWKH\DUHVSKHULFDOLQ Loureedia colleniVSQIHPDOHVDQGPDOHVDUHRIWHQ L. annulipes 0LOOHUet al. DQGLQL. lucasi )LJI EXW VPDOOHUWKDQDGXOWRIEresusVSHFLHVIRXQGLQWKH,EHULDQ3HQ PXFKFORVHULQWKHODWHUZKLOHDOPRVWSRLQWLQJGRZQZDUGV LQVXODDOWKRXJKFRQVLGHUDEOHVL]HYDULDWLRQFDQEHREVHUYHG 7KHHSLJ\QHEDULVDOZD\VYHU\YLVLEOHERWKYHQWUDOO\ RQERWKJHQHUD0HDVXUHPHQWVRIWKHWRWDOERG\OHQJWKDUH DQGGRUVDOO\ )LJHI)LJFG0LOOHUet al., GRU GLIILFXOWWRSURGXFHDFFXUDWHO\IRUVHYHUDOUHDVRQV7KHILUVW VDOO\LWLVDOPRVWVWUDLJKWLQL. annulipes 0LOOHU et al. RQHLVWKDWDFRQVLGHUDEOHVHFWLRQRIWKHSURVRPDLVFRYHUHG FRQFDYHLQL. colleni VSQ )LJF DQGREWXVHLQL. lucasi XQGHUWKHDQWHULRUSDUWRIWKHRSLVWKRVRPD7KHVHFRQGRQHLV )LJH 7KHVSHUPDWKHFDLVTXLWHKRPRJHQRXVLQZLGWK WKDWWKHRSLVWKRVRPDYROXPHFDQYDU\FRQVLGHUDEO\GHSHQGLQJ ERWKLQ L. annulipes )LJG DQG L. lucasi )LJI EXWLW RQWKHDEGRPLQDOJDVWULFFRQWHQWVPDNLQJLWDQXQUHOLDEOH EHFRPHVQDUURZHUDWWKHEDVHLQL. colleni VSQ )LJG FKDUDFWHU)XUWKHUPRUHDGXOWIHPDOHVFDQFRQWLQXHJURZLQJ
)LJ)HPDOHLoureedia colleniVSQ SDUDW\SH Habitus in vivum>D@/DWHUDOYLHZ>E@GRUVDOYLHZ *HQLWDOLDV>F@YHQWUDOYLHZ>G@GRUVDOYLHZ +$%,7$77KLVVSHFLHVLVDGDSWHGWRVHPLDULGHQYLURQPHQWV cus VS LQLWVQRUWKHUQUDQJH ,WDOVRDSSHDUVLQGHJUDGHG ZLWKSUHIHUHQFHIRUVWHSSHKDELWDWVZLWKJRRGVRODUH[SRVXUH DUHDVVXFKDVUHZLOGIDUPODQGVJUDVVODQGVDQGLQPDUJLQDO DQGORZGHQVLW\RIVFDWWHUHGYHJHWDWLRQVXFKDVVKUXEODQGVRU DUHDVRIFURSV5HJDUGLQJVRLOW\SHL. colleniVSQRFFXUVLQ ORZVKUXEVZLWKJUDVVODQGV,Q0HGLWHUUDQHDQVKUXEODQG ZLWK OLPHVWRQHVDQG\ORDP\DQGFOD\VRLOVLQERWKIODWDUHDVDQG Thymus VS, Rosmarinus VS, Anthyllis VSStipaVSLygeum KLOOVLGHV )LJ +DELWDWVZLWKDPHDQDQQXDOWHPSHUDWXUH VSDPRQJRWKHUVSHFLHV DQGYHU\RSHQZRRGODQGVRIQuer- EHORZ&DSSHDUVWREHDOLPLWLQJIDFWRUIRUWKLVVSHFLHV,W
LVPXFKPRUHIUHTXHQWLQORZHVWDOWLWXGHOHYHOVDQGZDUP DULGLW\ LQGH[ DYHUDJH \HDUO\ SUHFLSLWDWLRQ EHORZ PP DUHDV &DQQXDOPHDQWHPSHUDWXUH WKDQLQPRUHWHP FRXSOHGZLWKDVWURQJSRWHQWLDOHYDSRWUDQVSLUDWLRQIRXUWLPHV SHUDWH]RQHVRFFXSLHGE\0HGLWHUUDQHDQIRUHVW QuercusVS KLJKHUWKDQDFFXPXODWHGUDLQIDOO DQG PinusVS ,WRFFXUVSUHGRPLQDQWO\LQDUHDVZLWKKLJK
)LJ'LIIHUHQWKDELWDWVZKHUHLoureedia colleni VSQ KDVEHHQFROOHFWHG>D@*UDVVODQGRIStipa tenacissima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et al. WKHVSHFLHVLVOLNHO\WRLQKDELWLWVFULWL
FDORUOHWKDOWKHUPDOOLPLWV$VH[WUHPHZHDWKHUHYHQWVEH IUDJPHQWDWLRQZKLFKKDVOLNHO\EHHQH[DFHUEDWHGE\KXPDQ FRPHPRUHSUHYDOHQWXQGHUFOLPDWHFKDQJH 81(3 DFWLYLW\RYHUWKHODVWFHQWXU\DQGSDUWLFXODUO\RYHUWKHODVW LQWHQVLW\DQGGXUDWLRQRIWKHUPDOVWUHVVLVOLNHO\WRLQFUHDVH GHFDGH7KHSUREDEOHORZGLVSHUVDODELOLW\RIWKLVVSHFLHVDV ZKLFKPLJKWFDXVHKLJKPRUWDOLW\UDWHV 5H]HQGHet al. LQIHUUHGIURPORZGLVSHUVDODELOLW\RIRWKHUPHPEHUVRIWKH DVWKLVVSHFLHVLVSXVKHGRXWVLGHLWVWKHUPDOWROHUDQFH VDPHIDPLO\ ěH]iþet al., LQGLFDWHVWKDWVXFKVPDOO 2XUPRGHOVSUHGLFWWKDWDWPRVWRIL. colleniVSQ LVRODWHGSRSXODWLRQVDUHXQOLNHO\WRVXSSRUWORQJWHUPYLDEOH ORFDOLWLHVRFFXULQWKHFHQWUDODQGQRUWKHUQ,EHULDQ3HQLQVXOD FRORQLHVRIWKHVSHFLHVHYHQDVFOLPDWHFKDQJHFDXVHVWKHVH XQFRORXUHGDUHDVLQ)LJ SRSXODWLRQVLQWKRVHDUHDVDUH DUHDV WR EHFRPH PRUH WKHUPDOO\ VXLWDEOH IRU WKLV VSHFLHV OLNHO\WRLQKDELWSRRUO\VXLWHGHFRORJLFDOQLFKHVZLWKKLJK 81(3
)LJ>$ERYH@0HGLWHUUDQHDQ%DVLQXVLQJFRORXUHGSRO\JRQVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHSRWHQWLDOVSHFLHVGLVWULEXWLRQRILoureedia colleni VSQ DUHDZKHUHRIORFDOLWLHVDUHH[SHFWHGWRRFFXULQGDUNEOXHERWKWRQHVRIEOXHUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHDUHDZKHUHRIORFDOLWLHVDUHH[ SHFWHGWRRFFXUERWKWRQHVRIEOXH DQGXVLQJHPSW\SRO\JRQVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHSRWHQWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIL. annulipesDQGL. lucasiHPSW\ DUURZLQGLFDWHVWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKH,UDQLDQUHFRUG>%HORZ@'HWDLORIWKH6RXWK(DVWRIWKH,EHULDQ3HQLQVXODSRWHQWLDOVSHFLHVGLVWULEXWLRQ RIL. colleni VSQLOOXVWUDWHGDVGDUNHQHGDUHD SUREDELOLW\RIRFFXUUHQFH EOXHFLUFOHVLQGLFDWLQJNQRZQUHFRUGVRIWKHVSHFLHV
%,2/2*< 3KHQRORJ\0RVWRIRXUUHFRUGVDQGREVHUYDWLRQVRIL. colleni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oureediaVSHFLHVEXLOGEXUURZDERXWFPGHHSLQ EXLOWSDUWLDOO\RUFRPSOHWHO\XQGHUDURFN )LJD QHVWV VHYHUDOW\SHVRIVRLO )LJ ZKHUHWKH\UHPDLQPRVWRIWKHLU ZKLFKPLJKWEHIRXQGZLWKRXWDYHUWLFDOUHIXJHDUHD DVIRXQG OLYHV LQVLGH D UHIXJH ]RQH /DWHUDOO\ IURP WKH KROH WKH\ HOVHZKHUH EXWZLOOUDWKHUKDYHDQKRUL]RQWDOLUUHJXODUEXU ZHDYH D IXQQHO ZLWK D GHQVH DQG LQVXODWLQJ PHVK RI VLON URZ
)LJ1HVWVRILoureedia colleniVSQ8QGLVWXUEHGDFWLYHQHVWLQVRLODQGVDPHQHVWDIWHUUDLVLQJWKHZKLWHVLONVKHHWH[ SRVLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHIXQQHODQGEXUURZOHDGLQJWRWKHUHIXJH]RQH
'LHW 3UH\UHPDLQVLQQHVWVPDLQO\LQFOXGH7HQHEULRQLGDHDQG VXJJHVWVWKDWLWSUHGLVSRVHVPDOHVWREHFRPHFRPSHWLWLYH LQQHVWVFORVHWRZHWODQGV,VRSRGD DQG VHOHFWLYH WRZDUGV IHPDOHV $QGUDGH .DVXPRYLF 6RPHLGHQWLILHGSUH\DUHScaurus rugulosusOpatrum Col- 6LPLODUO\LILoureedia PDWLQJSOXJVSURYHHIIHFWLYH pophorus baeticumVVSalmerienseDQGTentyriaVS )LJ DWSUHYHQWLQJIHPDOHVIURPEHLQJLQVHPLQDWHGE\PXOWLSOH D PDOHVDQGWKHVLQJOHPDOHZKRGRHVJHWWRPDWHLVNLOOHGE\ 5HSURGXFWLYHWUDLWV )HPDOHVRILoureedia colleni VSQ, WKHIHPDOHRUGLHVZKLOHJXDUGLQJKHU WHUPLQDOLQYHVWPHQW KDYHEHHQIRXQGZLWKPDWLQJSOXJV )LJE DQGWKHUHLV WKLVZRXOGHQWDLOWKDWLoureediaVSLGHUVZRXOGEHSK\VLFDOO\ HYLGHQFHWRVXJJHVWWKDWWKHLoureediaJHQXVFDQSUDFWLFH XQDEOHWRSUDFWLFHSURPLVFXRXVPDWLQJDQGZRXOGVXJJHVW VH[XDOFDQQLEDOLVP )LJJ ,QRWKHUVSLGHUVSHFLHVZLWK WKDWLQWKHVHPRQRJDPRXVVSHFLHVWKHPDOHVDUHDOVROLNHO\ ORZSDWHUQDOLQYHVWPHQWEXWZLWKIUHTXHQWVH[XDOFDQQLEDO WREHFRPHFRPSHWLWLYHDQGVHOHFWLYHWRZDUGVIHPDOHV LVPQRQSURPLVFXRXVPDWLQJZDVUHFRUGHGDQGHYLGHQFH
)LJ>D@$GXOWIHPDOHRILoureedia colleni VSQ SDUDW\SH LQKHUQHVWZLWKSUH\UHPDLQV>E@)HPDOHZLWKPDWLQJ SOXJ VHFRQGIHPDOHSDUDW\SH 'LVFXVVLRQ 7KHDQDO\VLVRIDEURDGHUVHWRIVSHFLHVRILoureediaVSLGHUV RJ\RIWKLVJHQXVLVDOVRYHU\GLVWLQFWIURPRWKHUHUHVLGVZLWK DOORZHGXVWRUHDQDO\VHWKHWUDLWVWKDWZHUHRULJLQDOO\VHWWR LWVXQLTXHDQWHULRUGHSUHVVLRQDQGE\WKHFRPSDFWFRQILJXUD GHILQHWKHJHQXVEDVHGVROHO\RQLoureedia annulipes 0LOOHU WLRQRIWKHUHSURGXFWLYHGXFWV\VWHP et al., 7KHVWULNLQJEODFNDQGZKLWHFRORUDWLRQRI L. colleni VS 7KHELILGFRQGXFWRUSURFHVVZKLFKZDVSRLQWHGRXWDV QPDOHVLVVRGLVWLQFWIURPRWKHULoureediaVSHFLHVWKDWLW DXQLTXHIHDWXUHRIWKLVJHQXV 0LOOHUet al., LVSUH DOORZVIRUSKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGVWRLGHQWLILHGWRWKHVSHFLHV VHQWERWKLQL. colleni VSQ DQGLQL. lucasiDQGVKRXOG OHYHOUHOLDEO\ VXSSRUWLQJLQIRUPDWLRQ)LJ66 +RZHYHU UHPDLQDVWKHPRVWGLVWLQFWLYHIHDWXUHRIWKHJURXSDOWKRXJK GHVSLWHWKLVUHPDUNDEOHFRORXUGLIIHUHQFHDOOLoureediaPDOHV ELIXUFDWLRQ DOVR RFFXUV LQ WKH SHGLSDOSV RI Stegodyphus DQDO\VHGLQWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQVKDUHVWURQJPRUSKRORJLFDOVLPL dumicolaS. tentoriicolaDQGParadonea striatipesLWGRHV ODULWLHVDQGDFRPPRQSDWWHUQGHVLJQ )LJGKEJK QRWRFFXUWRWKHVDPHH[WHQWDVWKHVHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGVSH >EHOORZ@66 FLHVRQO\KDYHWHUPLQDOO\ELILGSURFHVVHVZKHUHDVLQDOO &RQWUDU\WRWKHFOHDUO\GLVWLQFWLoureedia PDOHV WKH /RXUHHGLDVSHFLHVWKHFRQGXFWRUWLSLVHQWLUHO\FRPSRVHGRI IHPDOHVKDYHDVLPSOHGHVLJQDQGFDQEHHDVLO\PLVWDNHQZLWK WZRELIXUFDWLQJWHHWKDYHQWUDOWRRWKDQGDGRUVDORQHZKLFK Eresus IHPDOHV ZLWK ZKLFK WKH\ FDQ VKDUH WKHLU KDELWDW EHDUVDEDVDOODPHOOD )LJ ZKLFKLVVLPLODUWRWKHVWUXF 7KHUHIRUHSKRWRJUDSKLFDOGLDJQRVLVRIIHPDOHVLVQRWUHFRP WXUDOFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHSHGLSDOSLQRWKHU(UHVLGDHEXWKLJK PHQGHG DV DQ DFFXUDWH UHFRUG LQ WKLV JURXS 1RQHWKHOHVV O\GLVWLQFWLYHLQLWVVKDSH IHPDOHVLJKWLQJVDUHUDUHDVRQO\PDOHVGLVSHUVHWRILQGD 3RVWHULRUPHGLXPH\HV 30( DUHFOHDUO\ODUJHUWKDQWKH SDUWQHUDQGWKHPRUHUHFOXVLYHDQGFU\SWLFLoureediaIHPDOHV DQWHULRU PHGLXP H\HV $0( LQ DOO Loureedia VSHFLHV GRQ¶WSUHVHQWVWURQJFRORUDWLRQLQWKHDQWHULRUFHSKDOLFUH $0(30(FD DVZHOODVWKHODFNRISURPLQHQWWXEHUFOHV JLRQVZKHUHDVEresusIHPDOHVRIWHQGR EHDULQJWKH$/(DOWKRXJKWKHVHDUHQRWXQLTXHIHDWXUHVWR 7KHFHSKDOLFUHJLRQVKDSHGHVFULEHGDVSRWHQWLDOO\GLV WKLVJHQXVWKH\GRDOORZLWWREHHDVLO\GLIIHUHQWLDWHGIURP WLQFWLYHLQWKHRULJLQDOJHQXVGHVFULSWLRQ 0LOOHUet al DorceusDQGDresserusUHVSHFWLYHO\ 0LOOHUet al LVQRWSUHVHQWLQDOOVSHFLHVDQGDVDJHQXVFKDUDFWHUPXVWQRZ 2QFH WKDW SUHYLRXV DQDO\VLV RQ WKHLoureediaJHQXV EHUHGHILQHGWRHQFRPSDVVDOOWKUHHVSHFLHV:HREVHUYHGWKDW KDYHKDGUHGXFHGDFFHVVWRIHPDOHV 0LOOHUSHUVFRPP RU LWLVZLGHUWKDQORQJLQ L. annulipesDQGORQJHUWKDQZLGHLQ L. QRDFFHVVWRIHPDOHVSHFLPHQVDWDOO *iOet al. $QDO\ colleni VSQUHQGHULQJWKLVFKDUDFWHUXQUHOLDEOHIRUWKLVJHQXV VLVRIGLVWLQFWLYHJHQXVWUDLWVLQIHPDOHVKDYHEHHQODFNLQJ GLVWLQFWLRQZLWKDresserusDQG Paradonea 2QFHWKDWZHZHUHDEOHWRDQDO\VHIHPDOHVRIDOOWKHUHFRJ $VPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHUIHPDOHVFDQFKDOOHQJLQJWRLGHQWL QL]HGVSHFLHVZHKDYHREVHUYHGWKDWWKHepigynumPRUSKRO I\RUGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\SKRWRVDORQHEXWPDOHVRIL. colleni VS
QDUHYHU\GLVWLQFWIURPDQ\RWKHU,EHULDQHUHVLGVDQGSKRWR DQG&KULVWRSKH+HUYpIRUVXSSRUWDQGDFFHVVWRWKHDUDFKQRORJLFDO JUDSKLFUHFRUGVKDYHDQGVKRXOGFRQWLQXHWREHXVHGWRPRQ FROOHFWLRQ 7R WKH 0XVHXP ,QVWLWXWH RI =RRORJ\ 3$6 DQG LQ LWRUWKLVVSHFLHVGLVWULEXWLRQSKHQRORJ\RUHYHQSRSXODWLRQ SDUWLFXODUWR:LROHWWD:DZHUIRUDVVLVWDQFHZLWKKLVWRULFDOLQIRU GHQVLW\:HFRQVLGHUWKLVWREHDYDOXDEOHWUDLWDVLWSODFHVL. PDWLRQWUDQVODWLRQVDQGDFFHVVWRDUDFKQRORJLFDOFROOHFWLRQ7RWKH colleni VSQ DVDSRWHQWLDOPRGHOVSHFLHVWRGHYHORSFLWL]HQ 1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXP/RQGRQDQGLQSDUWLFXODU-DQHW%HFDOORQL 'U 'DQLHO :KLWPRUH DQG 'U 'XQFDQ 6LYHOO IRU WKHLU IULHQGVKLS VFLHQFHDQGQRQLQYDVLYHVSHFLHVPRQLWRULQJ VXSSRUWDOORZLQJWKHILUVWDXWKRUDFFHVVWRWKHDUDFKQRORJLFDOFROOHF ,WDSSHDUVGLIILFXOWWRGLVWLQJXLVKEHWZHHQL. annulipes WLRQDQGHQDEOLQJSKRWRJUDSKVRIWKHVSHFLPHQWREHWDNHQLQWKH DQGL. lucasiE\SKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGDORQHEXWWKHJHQXV 6DFNOHU%LRGLYHUVLW\,PDJLQJ/DE7RWKH0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQ SDWWHUQGHVLJQLVVXUHO\GLVWLQFWLYHDQGZHKRSHWKLVSXEOLFD FLDV1DWXUDOHV &6,& DQGWKH0XVHRGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHV%DUFH WLRQZLOOGULYHWKHUHVHDUFKRIWKLVJHQXVIXUWKHUWRWKHSRLQW ORQDDQGLQSDUWLFXODUWR'U%HJRxD6iQFKH]&KLOOyQ%HUWD&DEDOOH ZKHUHZHFDQEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHVHVSH URDQG*ORULD0DVyIRUWKHLUKHOSDQGDVVLVWDQFHLQSUHVHUYLQJWKH FLHVDFURVVWKHJHQXVUDQJH W\SHPDWHULDORI Loureedia colleniVSQ 'HVSLWHWKHVWULNLQJGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHEODFNDQG :HDUHSDUWLFXODUO\JUDWHIXOWR$QWRQLR0HOLFIRUDOOKLVKHOS ZKLWHPDOHVRIL. colleni VSQDQGWKHEULJKWO\UHGFRORUDWLRQ DQG&DWLD&DQWHLURIRUKHUXQFRQGLWLRQDOVXSSRUW RIWKHL. annulipesDQGL. lucasiPDOHVERWKFRORUDWLRQW\SHV DSSHDUWREHDSRVHPDWLFLQQDWXUHDVL. colleni VSQLVTXLWH 5HIHUHQFHV DQRWLFHDEOHVSHFLHVDJDLQVWWKHPRVWO\EURZQOLJKWJUHHQ $1'5$'(0& 00.$68029,&7HUPLQDOLQYHVWPHQW EDFNJURXQGRIWKH6RXWKHUQ6SDQLVKDUHDVZKHUHLVRFFXUV$V VWUDWHJLHVDQGPDOHPDWHFKRLFHH[WUHPHWHVWVRI%DWHPDQ ZHNQRZYHU\OLWWOHDERXWL. colleni VSQ HFRORJ\LWLVGLIIL Integrative and Comparative Biology FXOWWRNQRZKRZWKLVVSHFLHVLVSHUFHLYHGE\LWVSUHGDWRUV &$5'262 3 ( 025$12 7KH ,EHULDQ VSLGHU FKHFNOLVW DQGLILWVFRORUDWLRQFRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGFU\SWLFLQVRPHZD\ $UDQHDH Zootaxa ZKHQFRQVLGHULQJWKH89VSHFWUXPIRUH[DPSOH 7KLVLV &5$:/(< 0- GLIM for ecologists%ODFNZHOO6FLHQWL¿F EH\RQGWKHVFRSHRIWKLVZRUNEXWVKRXOGEHWKHIRFXVRI 3XEOLFDWLRQV2[IRUG IXWXUHUHVHDUFK '2%621$-An introduction to Generalized Linear Models )LUVW(GLWLRQ&KDSPDQ +DOO&5&7H[WVLQ6WDWLVWLFDO6FL HQFHSS $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV '817(0$1*+ 0++2An introduction to Generalized Linear Models4XDQWLWDWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKH6RFLDO6FL 6pUJLR+HQULTXHVZDVIXQGHGE\D8.1DWXUDO(QYLURQPHQW5H HQFHV 6HULHV 6$*(3XEOLFDWLRQV/RQGRQ1HZ'HO VHDUFK &RXQFLO 1(5& 'RFWRUDO 7UDLQLQJ 3DUWQHUVKLS JUDQW KLSS 1(/ DQGLVJUDWHIXOWR5RELQ)UHHPDQ0RQLND%|KP (%(5+$5':Female control: sexual selection by cryptic DQG3HGUR&DUGRVRIRUWKHLUVXSHUYLVLRQDQGVXSSRUW female choice3ULQFHWRQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 0LODQěH]DFZDVVXSSRUWHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI$JULFXOWXUHRI (/+(11$:<+.5HYLHZRIVSLGHUVRIJHQXV(UHVXVLQ WKH&]HFK5HSXEOLF>JUDQWQXPEHU0=H52@DQGWKH&]HFK (J\SW $UDQHLGD(UHVLGDH Serket, 6FLHQFH)RXQGDWLRQ>JUDQWQXPEHU6@ )$557* 0.2%5,&.6KXWWOH5DGDU7RSRJUDSK\0LVVLRQ -HV~V0LxDQRZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN'U0LJXHOÈQJHO(VWHYH SURGXFHVDZHDOWKRIGDWDAmer. Geophys. Union Eos IRUKLVVXSSRUWWRZDUGVDUDFKQRORJLFDOVWXGLHVLQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ (FRV\VWHPV UHVHDUFK JURXS (FRVLVWHPDV 0HGLWHUUiQHRV )5$1&96SLGHUV $UDQHDH RQWKHUHGOLVWVRI(XURSHDQ (&20('8QLYHUVLW\RI0XUFLD6SDLQ 7R'U&DUOHV5LEHUDIRU FRXQWULHVEkologia (Bratislava)/ Ecology (Bratislava) VKDULQJKLVFRPPHQWVRQWKHQHZVSHFLHV 7R5RFtR0iUTXH] &HQWURGH,QVWUXPHQWDFLyQ&LHQWtILFD *È/-*.29È&65%$*<Ï*9È5, ,35$=6È.$QHZ 8QLYHUVLW\RI*UDQDGD IRUKHUKHOSZLWKWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIWKH6(0 LoureediaVSHFLHVRQRYHUJUD]HGIRUPHUFRUNRDNIRUHVWLQ LPDJHVDQGWR5HVHDUFKJURXS510 8QLYHUVLW\RI*UDQDGD 0RURFFR $UDQHDH(UHVLGDH Animal welfare, ethology and IRUIXQGLQJ6(0DQDO\VLV housing systems, 7R'U6DOYDWRUH3DODVFLQRIRUDVVLVWDQFHZLWKFROOHFWLQJSHU *5$66'(9(/230(177($0Geographic Resources Analysis PLWVLQVLGHWKH5LVHUYD1DWXUDOH2ULHQWDWD0RQWH3HOOHJULQR7R'U Support System (GRASS) Software 9HUVLRQ 2SHQ $EGHUUDKLP(O.HURXPLIRUDVVLVWDQFHZLWKFROOHFWLQJSHUPLWVLQ 6RXUFH*HRVSDWLDO)RXQGDWLRQKWWSJUDVVRVJHRRUJ 0RURFFR7R'U$ULHYDQGHU0HLMGHQ'U3HGUR6RXVD3HGUR *8,6$1$ 1(=,00(50$113UHGLFWLYHKDELWDWGLVWULEX &RHOKRDQG'XDUWH*RQoDOYHVIRUKHOSLQWKHILHOG WLRQPRGHOVLQHFRORJ\Ecological Modelling 7ZRUHYLHZHUVIRUWKHLUHQFRXUDJLQJUHPDUNVWKHLUFRQWULEX +,-0$165-6(&$0(521-/3$55$3*-21(6 $-$59,6 WLRQVWRWKHPDQXVFULSWDQGIRUVKDULQJWKHLULQVLJKWV 9HU\KLJKUHVROXWLRQLQWHUSRODWHGFOLPDWHVXUIDFHVIRU 7KHDXWKRUVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN&DUORV-HUH]GHO9DOOH-RKDQ JOREDOODQGDUHDVInternational Journal of Climatology 9DQNHHU0$9DOHQWtQDQG0LJXHOÈQJHO)HUUiQGH]IRUVKDULQJ WKHLUVSHFLPHQVIRUDQDO\VLVDQGIRUWKHLUSDWLHQFHWRZDLWIRUXVWR -2&48e5 $6',33(1$$56&+2(0$1Spider Families of FRPSOHWHLW the World5R\DO0XVHXPIRU&HQWUDO$IULFD7HUYXUHQ%HO 7R/XLV*DUFtD&DUGHQHWH2VDPD2(WHZLVK$PLU+RVVHLQ JLXP %ROKDUL$OLUH]D=DPDQL-RVp$QWRQLR*yPH]-RVp/XLV3DODFLRV -21(6.( $3859,6%HQ&ROOHQ Nature (YD GH 0iV 6WHYLH 6PLWK +XJK - *ULIILWKV )HUQDQGR 0ROLQD Ecology & Evolution, 6iQFKH](YDQ-RQHVDQG6LPRQ2OLYHUIRUVKDULQJWKHLUREVHUYD .277(.0-*5,(6(5&%(&.%58'2/) )58%(/ WLRQV DQG SKRWRV 7R WKH SURMHFW ³%LRGLYHUVLGDG 9LUWXDO´ :RUOGPDSRIWKH.|SSHQ*HLJHUFOLPDWHFODVVLILFDWLRQXS KWWSVZZZELRGLYHUVLGDGYLUWXDORUJ ZKLFKJUHDWO\KHOSHGFRPSLOH GDWHGMeteorologische Zeitschrift NQRZOHGJHRQWKLVDQGRWKHUVSLGHUVSHFLHVDVZHOODVKHOSLQJEXLOG .5$862 0.5$867KHJHQXVStegodyphus $UDFKQLGD LQJ DQG EULQJLQJ WRJHWKHU D YLUWXDO FRPPXQLW\ RI REVHUYHUV DQG $UDQHDH 6LEOLQJVSHFLHVVSHFLHVJURXSVDQGSDUDOOHORULJLQ FROODERUDWRUV RIVRFLDOOLYLQJVerh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, 7RWKH0XVpXP1DWLRQDOG +LVWRLUH1DWXUHOOH3DULVDQGLQ .5$86 2 0 .5$86 (UHVLG VSLGHUV LQ WKH QHRWURSLFV SDUWLFXODUWR'U3LRWU'DV]NLHZLF]IURPIRUDVVLVWDQFHZLWKKLVWRUL Stegodyphus manausQVS $UDFKQLGD$UDQHDH(UHVLGDH FDOLQIRUPDWLRQWUDQVODWLRQVDQGDGYLFHDQGWR'U&KULVWLQH5ROODUG Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, /('28;-& $&$1$5'Initiation à l'étude systématique 58%(/) 0.277(.2EVHUYHGDQGSURMHFWHGFOLPDWHVKLIWV des araignées-&/HGRX[ GHSLFWHGE\ZRUOGPDSVRIWKH.|SSHQ*HLJHU /,1'(10$<(5' %6&+((/('RQRWSXEOLVKScience FOLPDWHFODVVLILFDWLRQMeteorologische Zeitschrif QR '2, /8&$6+$UDFKQLGHV,QGH&DVWHOQDX)Expédition dans 58%(/).%58**(5.+$6/,1*(5 ,$8(57KHFOLPDWH les parties centrales de l'Amerique du Sud3DULVYRO RIWKH(XURSHDQ$OSV6KLIWRIYHU\KLJKUHVROXWLRQ.|SSHQ *HLJHUFOLPDWH]RQHVMeteorologische Zeitschrif 0,//(5-&*5,6:2/'16&+$5))0ě(=Èý76=876 0 0$5+$%$,(7KHYHOYHWVSLGHUVDQDWODVRIWKH(UHVLGDH 6&+$())(5-&Icones insectorum circa Ratisbonam indige- $UDFKQLGD$UDQHDH . ZooKeys, VSHFLDOLVVXH norum. 1(17:,*:7%/,&.'*/225$+b1**, &.523) 6&277 -0 3- +(*/81' -% +$8À(5 0 0255,621 0* Araneae. Spiders of Europe YHUVLRQ RQOLQH DW 5$3+$(/:%:$// )6$0621Predicting species KWWSVZZZDUDQHDHQPEHFKDFFHVVHGRQ occurrences. Issues of accuracy and scale ,VODQG 3UHVV 3e5(==$5&26/ )6È1&+(=3,f(52'LHWRIWKHODG\ &RYHOR&$ ELUGVSLGHUEresus kollari $UDQHDH(UHVLGDHLQDQDULGV\V 6(33b/b 6 6 +(15,48(6 0/ '5$1/(< 6 )225' $7 WHPRIVRXWKHDVWHUQ6SDLQJournal of Arachnology *,%%216/$*20(=6.$5,.2-0$/80%5(62/$57( 00,/1(&-9,1. 3&$5'2626SHFLHVFRQVHUYD 4*,6'(9(/230(177($0QGIS Geographic Information WLRQ3URILOHVRID5DQGRP6DPSOHRIZRUOGVSLGHUV,$JH System. 6RIWZDUH9HUVLRQ2SHQ6RXUFH*HRVSDWLDO OHQLGDHWR)LOLVWDWLGDHBiodiversity Data Journal$SULO )RXQGDWLRQ85/KWWSTJLVRVJHRRUJ H 5&25(7($0R: A language and environment for statistical 6,021(eWXGHVDUDFKQRORJLTXHVH0pPRLUH,,,1RWHVXU computing6RIWZDUH9HUVLRQ5)RXQGDWLRQIRU6WDWLVWL OHVHVSqFHVHXURSpHQQHVGHODIDPLOOHGHV(UHVLGDHAnnales FDO&RPSXWLQJ9LHQQD$XVWULDKWWSZZZ5SURMHFWRUJ de la Société Entomologique de France, ě(=Èý063(.È5 --2+$11(6(17D[RQRPLFUHYLHZDQG 6,021 ( &DWDORJXH UDLVRQQp GHV DUDFKQLGHV GX QRUG GH SK\ORJHQHWLF DQDO\VLV RI FHQWUDO (XURSHDQ Eresus VSHFLHV O $IULTXH UHSDUWLH Annales de la Société entomologique de $UDQHDH(UHVLGDH Zoologica Scripta, France ě(=Èý0-72â1(5 3+(1(%(5*+DELWDWVHOHFWLRQE\ 81(3*OREDOGHVHUWVRXWORRN(DUWKSULQW WKUHDWHQHGEXUURZLQJVSLGHUV $UDQHDH$W\SLGDH(UHVLGDH :25/'63,'(5&$7$/2*World Spider Catalog Version 19.5 RIFHQWUDO(XURSH(YLGHQFHEDVHIRUFRQVHUYDWLRQPDQDJH 1DWXUDO+LVWRU\0XVHXP%HUQRQOLQHDWKWWSZVFQPEHFK PHQWJournal of Insect Conservation DFFHVVHGRQ 5(=(1'((//(&$67$f('$ 06$17267ROHUDQFH ODQGVFDSHVLQWKHUPDOHFRORJ\Functional Ecology
6833257,1*,1)250$7,21
)LJ66(GLWHGSKRWRVIURPWKHRULJLQDOSKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGVRILoureedia colleni VSQ>6@E\(YDGH0iVLQ>6@E\)UDQFLV FR5RGUtJXH]LQ>6@E\)UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]LQ>6@E\)UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]LQ>6@E\)UDQFLVFR5RGUtJXH]LQ >6@E\)HUQDQGR0ROLQD6iQFKH]LQ
)LJ66(GLWHGSKRWRVIURPWKHRULJLQDOSKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGVRILoureedia colleni VSQ>6@E\6LPRQ2OLYHULQ>6@E\6LPRQ 2OLYHULQ>6@E\-RVp$QWRQLR*yPH]LQ>6@E\-RVp/XLV3DODFLRVLQ>6@E\6WHYLH6PLWKLQ>6@E\+XJK- *ULIILWKVLQ