Supplemental Information
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ARTICLE Supplemental Information SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 4 Rates of maternal chorioamnionitis and hypertension among white, African American, and Hispanic infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants, the red line represents African American infants, and the green line represents Hispanic infants; borders represent 95% CIs. SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 5 Rates of ANSs and cesarean delivery among white, African American, and Hispanic infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants, the red line represents African American infants, and the green line represents Hispanic infants; borders represent 95% CIs. PEDIATRICS Volume 144, Number 3, September 2019 1 SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 6 Rates of mortality and morbidity outcomes among white, African American, and Hispanic infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants, the red line represents African American infants, and the green line represents Hispanic infants; borders represent 95% CIs. 2 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 7 Rate differences in mortality and morbidity outcomes among African American and Hispanic versus white infants by birth year restricting to hospitals that participated in VON throughout the entire study period. The red line represents the rate difference among African American versus white infants, and the blue line represents the rate difference among Hispanic versus white infants; borders represent 95% CIs. SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 8 Rates of maternal chorioamnionitis and hypertension among white and Asian American infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants and the red line represents Asian American infants; borders represent 95% CIs. PEDIATRICS Volume 144, Number 3, September 2019 3 SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 9 Rates of ANSs and cesarean delivery among white and Asian American infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants and the red line represents Asian American infants; borders represent 95% CIs. SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 10 Rates of DR practices among white and Asian American infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants and the red line represents Asian American infants; borders represent 95% CIs. 4 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 11 Rates of NICU practices among white and Asian American infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants and the red line represents Asian American infants; borders represent 95% CIs. PEDIATRICS Volume 144, Number 3, September 2019 5 SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 12 Rates of mortality and morbidity outcomes among white and Asian American infants by birth year. The blue line represents white infants and the red line represents Asian American infants; borders represent 95% CIs. 6 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE 13 Rate differences in mortality and morbidity outcomes among Asian American versus white infants by birth year. The red line represents the rate difference; borders represent 95% CIs. PEDIATRICS Volume 144, Number 3, September 2019 7 SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 2 In-Hospital Mortality and Morbidities by Race and Ethnicity Outcome White, N = 88 884 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, N = 76 256 N = 44 774 N = 9220 Died within 12 h of birth 3928 of 88 884 (4.4) 3956 of 76 256 (5.2) 2594 of 44 774 (5.8) 560 of 9220 (6.1) Died before hospital discharge 14 471 of 88 426 (16.4) 14 059 of 75 777 (18.6) 7777 of 44 487 (17.5) 1570 of 9185 (17.1) Postnatal age at death, d, median (IQR) 3 (1–16) 4 (1–21) 2 (1–15) 2 (1–14) Time of death 0–12 h 3928 (27.2) 3956 (28.2) 2594 (33.4) 560 (35.7) .12 h–28 d 8289 (57.4) 7393 (52.7) 4073 (52.4) 782 (49.8) .28 d 2233 (15.5) 2694 (19.2) 1103 (14.2) 227 (14.5) Infants who survived beyond DR N = 84 956 N = 72 300 N = 42 180 N = 8660 RDS 74 363 of 84 944 (87.5) 62 137 of 72 295 (86.0) 35 662 of 42 165 (84.6) 7240 of 8657 (83.6) NEC/focal intestinal perforation 7083 of 84 875 (8.4) 7436 of 72 234 (10.3) 3789 of 42 123 (9.0) 694 of 8648 (8.0) EOS 1898 of 84 841 (2.2) 1958 of 72 209 (2.7) 1151 of 42 123 (2.7) 242 of 8651 (2.8) LOS 13 231 of 80 036 (16.5) 13 395 of 68 056 (19.7) 6991 of 39 159 (17.9) 1238 of 8164 (15.2) Infants with cranial sonogram within 28 d 79 290 of 84 861 (93.4) 67 227 of 72 237 (93.1) 39 104 of 42 139 (92.8) 8143 of 8655 (94.1) sIVH 7073 of 79 264 (8.9) 6951 of 67 204 (10.3) 3979 of 39 091 (10.2) 652 of 8142 (8.0) Retinal examination 67 830 of 84 864 (79.9) 57 127 of 72 217 (79.1) 33 562 of 42 123 (79.7) 7062 of 8652 (81.6) sROP 6069 of 67 785 (9.0) 4477 of 57 088 (7.8) 3369 of 33 527 (10.1) 825 of 7052 (11.7) CLD 27 548 of 70 900 (38.9) 20 116 of 59 425 (33.9) 12 046 of 34 864 (34.6) 2458 of 7330 (33.5) Pneumothorax 4812 of 84 928 (5.7) 3023 of 72 285 (4.2) 2081 of 42 157 (4.9) 372 of 8657 (4.3) Survived to discharge N = 73 955 N = 61 718 N = 36 710 N = 7615 Survival without morbidities 31 807 of 67 428 (47.2) 28 529 of 56 410 (50.6) 16 432 of 33 357 (49.3) 3677 of 6991 (52.6) 8 ARTICLE SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 3 Hospitals in Analysis Hospital Name Hospital City Hospital State Huntsville Hospital Huntsville Alabama Baptist Medical Center South Montgomery Alabama USA Children’s and Women’s Hospital Mobile Alabama Brookwood Medical Center Birmingham Alabama Baptist Medical Center East Montgomery Alabama St Vincent Birmingham Birmingham Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama Children’s Hospital at Providence, Alaska, The Anchorage Alaska Phoenix Children’s Hospital Phoenix Arizona St Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix Arizona Phoenix Children’s Hospital Phoenix Arizona HonorHealth Scottsdale Shea Medical Center Scottsdale Arizona Cardon Children’s Medical Center Mesa Arizona Banner University Medical Center, Tucson Tucson Arizona Banner Thunderbird Medical Center Glendale Arizona Banner Estrella Medical Center Phoenix Arizona Abrazo Arrowhead Campus Glendale Arizona Arizona Children’s Cent Maricopa Integrated Health Phoenix Arizona Flagstaff Medical Center Flagstaff Arizona Banner University Medical Center Phoenix Phoenix Arizona Arkansas Children’s Hospital Little Rock Arkansas Willow Creek Women’s Hospital, NICU Johnson Arkansas University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas Mercy Hospital Fort Smith Fort Smith Arkansas Washington Regional Medical Center Fayetteville Arkansas St Bernards Medical Center Jonesboro Arkansas Mercy Hospital Northwest Arkansas Rogers Arkansas Naval Hospital Oakland California UC Davis Medical Center Sacramento California Dameron Hospital Association Stockton California Anderson Lucchetti Women’s and Children’s Center Sacramento California Mercy San Juan Medical Center Carmichael California Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California KF - Sunset/Los Angeles Los Angeles California KFH Bellflower Bellflower California KF - Fontana Fontana California KF - San Diego San Diego California KF - Woodland Hills Woodland Hills California CHOC Children’s Hospital Orange California California Pacific Medical Center, West San Francisco California Western Medical Center Santa Ana California Northbay Medical Center Fairfield California Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital at Long Bea Long Beach California UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco San Francisco California Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System Salinas California Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital Loma Linda California Antelope Valley Hospital Lancaster California Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford Palo Alto California Northridge Hospital Medical Center Northridge California Providence Tarzana Medical Center Tarzana California Community Memorial Hospital of Ventura Ventura California UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, Oakland Oakland California Huntington Memorial Hospital Pasadena California UCSD Medical Center, Hillcrest San Diego California Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego San Diego California UC Irvine Medical Center Orange California Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women San Diego California Citrus Valley Inter Community Campus Covina California Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles Los Angeles California Good Samaritan Hospital, San Jose San Jose California St Francis Medical Center Lynwood California PEDIATRICS Volume 144, Number 3, September 2019 9 SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 3 Continued Hospital Name Hospital City Hospital State Providence St Joseph Medical Center Burbank California Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trau San Francisco California LAC/Harbor, UCLA Medical Center Torrance California KF, Orange County/Anaheim Anaheim California KF, West Los Angeles Los Angeles California St Mary Medical Center Long Beach California St John’s Regional Medical Center Oxnard California Alta Bates Summit Medical Center Berkeley California Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center Torrance California Doctors Medical Center of Modesto Modesto California Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital Whittier California Ventura County Medical Center Ventura California Valley Children’s Hospital Madera California Orange County Global Medical Center Santa Ana California Glendale Memorial Hospital and Health Center Glendale California KF, Baldwin Park Baldwin Park California KF, Riverside Riverside California KF, Panorama City Panorama City California Providence St John’s Health Center Santa Monica California Desert Regional Medical Center Palm Springs California KF, South Bay Harbor City California Redlands Community Hospital Redlands California Emanate Health, Queen of the Valley Hospital West Covina California Naval Medical Center San Diego San Diego California Garfield Medical Center Monterey Park California KP, Walnut Creek Walnut Creek California KP, Santa Clara Santa