February 11, 1987 EXT_ENSIONS OF REMARKS 3303 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE SOVIET DISINFORMATION for taking great care in verifying their authen­ On July 3, 1985, an Italian journalist of CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE ticity. Similar caution is being exercised in the · Roman press agency ADN-Kronos UNITED STATES, FROM A EU­ Europe, a favorite target for the Soviets to found one such letter on his desk. The docu­ launch their disinformation efforts. The first ment he found inside appeared to him, on ROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, PART 1 first sight, a most explosive one. It was a part of a December 1986 article entitled "Ex­ photocopy of a letter by an American gener­ perts in Forgery" published by Pierre Lorrain al, Robert L. Schweitzer, to Chilean General HON. C.W. BILL YOUNG in the French magazine Le Spectacle du OF FLORIDA Augusto Pinochet, concerning a promise of Mende follows my remarks and provides us U.S. arms to be supplied to Chile in ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with a European perspective on Soviet active change for the sending of Chilean troops to Wednesday, February 11, 1987 measures. The second and concluding part· of El Salvador and Honduras. The letter with a letterhead titled "Inter­ row. American Defense Council'', was written in active measures and disinformation cam­ Spanish and dated February 25. paigns are among the most effective Soviet Mr. Speaker, our Nation and our allies are making great strides in the battle against The Roman journalist knew the Soviets, foreign policy tools against our Nation. The and acted as most Western newspeople principal aim of these activities is to discredit Soviet disinformation. We have, however, a would in a similar circumstance: he endeav­ the United States and our allies. long way to go in attempting to uncover and ored to verify the authenticity of the docu­ Forgeries are primary weapons used by the expose the thousands of Soviet forgeries that ment. To do this, he got in touch with the Soviets in these efforts. For many years, our damage U.S. credibility throughout the world. American Embassy in Rome, which immedi­ Nation chose not to respond to or rebut for­ Through our efforts, and those of our allies, ately phoned the United States Information geries that were uncovered by our intelligence we can successfully reduce the effectiveness Agency . Schweitzer was contacted; he denied ever having sent such a letter. An community or State Department. of the Soviet Union's multibillion-dollar-a-year active measures campaign against the United examination revealed the document to be a In 1980, however, through my efforts and States and our interests. pure fabrication. those of our late colleague from Ohio, John The person in charge of coordinating re­ [From Le Spectacle du Monde magazine, Ashbrook, we were successful as members of December 1986] search at USIA on Soviet "active measures" the Permanent Select Committee on Intelli­ is Herbert Romerstein, a small man of about EXPERTS IN FORGERY, PART 1 gence in convening hearings with the Central fifty, with a bristly moustache and a twinkle Intelligence Agency to discuss detailed infor­ in his eye. Not only is he a premier expert in identifying forgeries, but he is also a bril­ mation about the Soviet forgery campaign. Disinformation wears a thousand faces. The most effective is not the most spec­ liant specialist of Soviet affairs and interna­ Two years later, at my request, the committee tacular. tional communism. scheduled additional hearings on Soviet disin­ The Soviets are the only true masters of "The method used in Rome," he explains, formation activities and received testimony the game. "is often used by the Soviets to put forger­ from the Federal Bureau of Investigation de­ Every generation has its "in" words. ies into circulation. It appears, in this pre­ tailing Soviet propaganda operations here in Today, "disinformation" is one of those cise case, that the forgers needed to give the United States. The primary witness for ("dezinformatsia" in Russian>. This fall, two this letter some credibility. This is why they these hearings was Stanislav Levchenko, a books in French were published on the sub­ attempted to have it surface in Europe. Eu­ former high-ranking officer in the KGB who ject-"La guerre du mensonge. Histoire se­ ropeans are generally more skeptical of this crete de la desinformation" ("The War of kind of thing; therefore, if the letter had prior to his defection to the United States was Lies. The Secret History of Disinforma­ been published, it would have gained a lot primarily responsible for Soviet active meas­ tion"), by Roland Jacquard and of credibility." ures operations in Japan. The information he "Le temps de la desinformation" by Henri-Pierre Cath­ Continent, another copy surfaced in Mexico work over the years with United States intelli- · ala and the Mexican journalist did not verify the origin working group to study Soviet active meas­ daily reality of disinformation. In addition, of the letter and had it published. Two days ures. At the urging of Congress, the President trying to equate disinformation with "lies", later, officials of the press agency refuted last year established a permanent State De­ as does Jacquard, constitutes a dangerous the authenticity of the document and did deviation. not hesitate to admit that they had been de­ partment office to support the work of this For Jacquard, disinformation encompasses ceived. But the harm was done. Several group. all human activity designed to deceive an Latin American newspapers with overt or As a result of these many efforts, we have opponent. Thus, he shows us how cavemen covert communist leanings republished the seen a significant growth in the study, re­ used disinformation by imitating animal information, citing the source but not the search, and reporting of information about sounds to attract game. It is, however, diffi­ accompanying denial. These articles, credit­ Soviet disinformation. Numerous books on the cult to see the link between this necessary ing a European press agency which could human activity and "active measures." hardly be accused of communist sympathy, subject, including "Dezinformatsia"-a leading A neurologist, Cathala presents us with a were then ready to be quoted by still other work in the field by Richard Shultz and Roy better, although somewhat theoretical, ty­ newspapers, in South America and the rest Godson, and a number of newsletters here pology of disinformation and disinformers. of the world. and ·abroad, have been published to broaden But the authoritative work in ·this matter is "The method used in this case is a Soviet studies in this area. Richard Shultz's and Roy Godson's "Dezin­ one," adds Romerstein, "but the geographic It is through public awareness that the formatsia" , location leads us to believe that the oper­ which provides the first complete and best­ ation may have been launched by someone United States and our allies will be able to un­ documented study on disinformation. else. We are thinking about the intelligence cover Soviet forgeries and diminish their effec­ Disinformation can start in any newsroom services of Cuba or Nicaragua, acting on tiveness. U.S. scholars and journalists are be­ in Paris, London, or Rome, as a plain white behalf of the KGB." coming more and more aware of potential envelope discreetly placed on an editor's On August 16, 1985, a month and a half forged documents and are to be commended desk. after the case began, Romerstein wrote

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 3304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 General Schweitzer to inform him of the just under the letterhead, unlike usual U.S. RESTORING U.S. conclusions of the study made on the docu­ Government correspondence which sets the COMPETITIVENESS ment attributed to him CALIFORNIA plications of this legislation. Currently, the The speculative bent of the big funds is further reflected in the constant churning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Federal Government is providing subsidy to of their stock holdings. They turn over 40% Wednesday, February 11, 1987 six operators. Under the Merchant Marine to 50% of their portfolios each year, com­ Equity Act, an additional three or four opera­ pared with a turnover rate of 10% to 15% Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, it is my privilege tors could choose to receive subsidy. The for individual investors. to commend Joseph S. Brocco, a dedicated cost may be somewhat greater, but this small In their compulsion to produce short-term public servant, on his 30 years of outstanding additional expenditure could reverse the rapid results that will please fund managers and work in the U.S. Postal Service. decline of our merchant fleet. help to fend off takeover attempts, many Mr. Brocco's service to this country began companies are crimping their future ability The administration asserts that the present in the U.S. Army, where he was a highly deco­ system is expensive and that promotional to compete-even to survive-against Japa­ rated soldier honored for his actions in World nese and European producers who think in reform must include reductions in crew size long-range terms. War II. and expenditures for wages and fringe bene­ In both 1984 and 1985, U.S. firms spent Mr. Bracco began his career in the Ceres fits. The industry has been slow to accept any more than $100 billion to finance buybacks Post Office as a substitute mail carrier in restrictions in these areas. In the last Con­ of their own stock. To quote Choate, " If 1958. His hard work and dedication quickly gress, I proposed limiting wage subsidy to the these funds had been used to modernize lead to a series of promotions and positions crew found necessary for the safe operation plant and equipment, total capital invest­ of increased responsibility. Mr. Bracco has ment would have been 25% higher." of the vessel. I suspect that, in the end, labor competently and capably served in his current and management may have to accept limita­ Anti-takeover strategies have included the position as supervisor of postal operations abandonment or avoidance of product areas tions far more drastic than I proposed. since 1973. His many years of service are that might pay off in the long run but are However, a necessary first step is for the much appreciated and, upon his retirement, unprofitable in the short term, and shying Department of Transportation-the agency the U.S. Postal Service will certainly miss this away from heavy spending to develop new having the greatest experience with the subsi­ loyal and talented employee. markets. dy program-to present concrete recommen­ As Ruben F. Mettler, chief executive of TRW Inc., told the Wall Street Journal the dations to reduce expenditures on operating­ other day, another sure yet deplorable way INTRODUCTION OF THE MER­ differential subsidy. After 6 years, this adminis­ to "pump up earnings very dramatically is CHANT MARINE EQUITY ACT tration has failed to present any promotional to cut research and development spending." program. Many firms are doing it. HON. MARIO BIAGGI Unfortunately, this has led me to the ines­ The challenge is to change the decision­ capable conclusion that this administration is making environment in which business op­ OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES motivated by politics and a misguided philoso­ erates. phy. It is this administration's policy, and it is Choate's most sensible-sounding proposal Wednesday, February 11, 1987 is the imposition of a sliding-scale tax on no secret, that Government should get out of short-term gains from stock trades by pen­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I rise to introduce private business-no matter what the cost. sion funds. The longer a stock was held, the legislation to halt the devastation of our mer­ They believe that our merchant marine can lower the tax would be until, at some point, chant marine. compete in an international environment 3306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 where countries provide tax credits, construc­ trade route system and the gr~ting of au­ Since vessels over 25 years of age are less tion subsidies, and wage subsidies, and thority to engage in the foreign-to-foreign capable of competing in the international impose nontariff trade barriers on U.S. ship- commerce is a recognition that it is more marketplace and also represent a higher ping companies. . important that U.S. operators have the percentage of vessels involved in maritime flexibility to seek cargo wh~re available accidents, only vessels less than 25 years of This administration believes that, if the U.S. than to require operation on certain routes. age will be eligible for subsidy. However, Government gets out of shipping, foreign gov­ Section 601 directs the Secretary to con­ since the Maritime Administration has al­ ernments will follow our lead. This is a naive sider applications for ODS from U.S. citi­ ready granted subsidy to some liner vessels and destructive policy. I, for one, have had zens meeting certain criteria. A U.S. opera­ exceeding the 25-year-age limit, to avoid enough. tor must either own or lease a vessel capable giving those vessels an unfair advantage all Fortunately, there are Members in both of participating in international trade or be older liner vessels will be entitled to subsidy Houses and both parties that will work to re­ able to obtain a vessel capable of participat­ during the transition period provided in sec­ verse the current policy. I strongly invite and ing in international trade. Further, the ap­ tion 603(b)C2>. plicant must possess the ability, experience, Contracts made under this section expire encourage the Department of Transportation financial resources, and other qualifications on September 30, 1998. In the event an op­ to join us in passing this low-cost, high-return necessary to assure competitive operation of erator is unable to perform his contractual Merchant Marine Equity Act. the vessel. obligation or no longer qualifies for subsidy, The section-by-section analysis of the Mer- _ In arriving at a decision as to whether an the ODS contract between the operator and chant Marine Equity Act follows: applicant is able to meet competitive condi­ the Government would be unenforceable. SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE tions, the Secretary is required to take into Subsidy payments are limited to the differ­ ·MERCHANT MARINE EQUITY AcT account the financial assistance the opera­ ence between wages and fringe benefits paid SECTION 1 tor would be entitled to under section 603 of by U.S. operators and their foreign competi­ the Act. tors. Section 1 provides that the Act may be Subsection (2) amends section 602 of the Section 603<3> provides that the Secre­ cited as the Merchant Marine Equity Act. Merchant Marine Act. Section 602 currently tary may pay operating-differential subsidy SECTION 2 provides for an investigation and hearing on foreign-flag feeder vessels for the differ­ Section 2 amends title IV before an applicant may receive operating­ ence attributable to the use of U.S. crews on of the 1936 Merchant Marine Act by elimi­ differential subsidy. The change made by those vessels if: nating obsolete provisions and establishing this new language would eliminate the re­ the vessel meets the requirements gov­ a preference for privately-owned U.S.-flag quirement for an investigation and hearing erning subsidized vessels set forth in section commercial vessels in the transportation of for liner vessels, but would continue the re­ 603(b)(l) ­ mail. _ quirement for bulk vessels. This section, except subparagraph requiring docu­ Subsection defines "privately-owned coupled with amendments to sections 601 mentation under U.S. law; U.S.-flag commercial vessel" as one meeting and 603, eliminates Secretarial discretion in the goods transported on the vessel the criteria established by section 901 of the the granting of subsidy to operators of liner move under a bill of lading or contract of af­ Merchant Marine Act. is aimed at correcting a misinterpretation of the ODS contract provides the vessel Subsection requires the U.S. Postal Congressional intent by the current Admin­ will be made available in time of national Service whenever it arranges for transporta­ istration. Historically, ODS has been viewed emergency or war. tion of mail to use privately-owned United as an entitlement so that, once an operator The granting of ODS to foreign-flag States-flag commercial vessels, if available met the Act's criteria, the Secretary's ap­ feeder vessels is based on the recognition at fair and reasonable rates. The Secretary proval was almost pro forma. The current that a foreign-flag vessel-suitable for na­ of Transportation shall determine fair and Administration has adopted the position tional defense, owned or chartered and op­ reasonable rates and may take into consid­ that the granting of new contracts is discre­ erated by a U.S. citizen, crewed by U.S. citi­ eration the rates charged for comparable tionary, and that an entitlement is only cre­ zens permits the Postal Service into a contract. The new language also as­ defense asset. Further, since subsidy could to use foreign-flag vessels or U.S.-flag ves­ sures the Secretary does not arbitrarily only be available to pay for the higher cost sels not meeting the section 901 criteria if reject a qualified applicant. of training and maintaining a U.S.-citizen qualified to transport preference cargo if Subsection (3) amends section 603 of the crew em­ back into the U.S. economy and would help level of service provided by qualified vessels powers the Secretary to enter into an ODS assure an adequate number ·of American is inadequate. contract covering bulk vessels. The Secre­ seamen trained to meet our maritime needs Subsection provides for the awarding tary has discretion to determine how much in a national emerency. of contracts based on competitive bidding subsidy is necessary to make the vessel com­ The requirement currently contained in among qualified operators. petitive with similar foreign-flag vessels. section 603 that vessels operate in an "es­ SECTION 3 The remainder of section 603 deals with the sential service" has been eliminated. Section 3 amends title VI of the Merchant carriers. Currently, section 603Cb) provides make any substantive changes in the proce­ Marine Act of 1936. · for the payment of subsidy for a 20-year dures currently followed by the Secretary of Subsection <1> amends section 601 of period based on the difference between U.S. Transportation and currently mandated in the Merchant Marine Act. The amendment and foreign: Cl> wages and collective-bar­ sections 603 and 603. eliminates the requirements that subsidized gaining costs, (2) insurance, and (3) mainte­ The new section 603(d) clarifies that ODS operators construct their vessels in the U.S. nance and repair. contracts are legal obligations of the Gov­ and provide service on "essential trade The new section 603Cb>< 1 > requires the ernment and that the Government's liabil­ routes". In addition, it extends subsidy pay­ Secretary of Transportation to enter into a ity is not dependent on the authorization or ments to U.S.-flag vessels engaged in trade contract to pay subsidy for vessels owned or appropriation of funds by Congress. The between two foreign points. Currently, sub­ chartered by a U.S. citizen if the vessel: section also establishes that the obligation sidy is paid only for vessels engaged in com­ is engaged in foreign commerce; of the Secretary of Transportation to enter merce between U.S. and foreign points. is suitable for national defense; into contracts with operators meeting the The current requirements-by imposing is documented under U.S. law or is a statutory criteria is not dependent on the additional regulatory and financial burdens qualfied feeder vessel ; Subsection <4) amends section 604 of the ty to compete. The 1936 Act was based on is owned or chartered and operated Merchant Marine Act. The new section 604 the theory that Government would support during the contract period by a U.S. citizen; provides that the Secretary of Transporta­ the shipbuilding base by requiring ODS op­ is at least 5,000 deadweight tons; and tion may pay additional subsidy to an opera­ erators to purchase vessels in the U.S. How­ is less than 25 years of age. tor if, after consultation with the Secretary ever, with the abandonment of the con­ Section 603Cb><2> provides that vessels of State, and Secretary of Transportation struction-differential subsidy pro­ owned by U.S. citizens on January 1, 1987, finds the subsidy paid under the contract is gram, it is economically unfeasible to con­ which are or will become 25 years old prior inadequate to offset the effect of govern­ tinue to require U.S.-flag operators to build to January 1, 1992 amends section 605(b) of 605 proceeding, when the Secretary de­ exceed two times the number of vessels re­ the Merchant Marine Act. Current law per­ termines there is no longer a need for in­ ceiving ODS. Permitting subsidized opera­ mits the payment of operating-differential creased service. tors to utilize foreign-flag vessels will im­ subsidy on a vessel older than 25 years of Section 616(c) provides that, except in the prove their ability to compete in areas age if the Secretary of Transportation finds case outlined above, no operator would be where foreign government regulations or it is in the public interest to grant continued subject to a 605(c) proceeding. economic conditions impose burden on U.S.­ financial aid. The amendment would elimi­ Together, section 615(b) and section 616 flag operators. nate the Secretary's authority to waive the and (b) establish a system under which a Section 804(c) provides that ODS opera­ age limitation. small operator may continue operating on a tors would also be permitted to use foreign­ Subsection <6> amends section 606 of the trade route and another U.S.-flag operator flag vessels to provide service between U.S. Merchant Marine Act. It eliminates refer­ may provide the same level of service on the territories and possessions and foreign ports ences to essential trade routes currently in route it provided in any year between 1982 located in the Atlantic Ocean or in the Car­ section 606. and 1986. The second operator may be ibbean. Vessels used in this type of service Subsection (7) amends section 610 of the either an operator that was subsidized in would count toward the limitation on for­ Merchant Marine Act. This section now ap­ the 1982-1986 period or one that was not eign-flag vessels contained in this subsec­ plies only to bulk vessels. subsidized. If additional service appears nec­ tion. Subsection (8) amends section 615 of the essary, the Secretary of Transportation is Section 804(d) provides that the Secretary Merchant Marine Act. Currently, section required to conduct a 605(c) proceeding and may authorize subsidized operators to enter 615 contains the build-foreign provision that may permit increased service by an appro­ priate operator. If it later appears the addi­ into voyage-charter arrangements with for­ permitted subsidized operators to acquire eign-flag operators subject to whatever con­ vessels overseas for a one-year period. Sub­ tional service established as a result of the 605 proceeding is unnecessary, the Secre­ ditions and limitations the Secretary deems section <8) eliminates this language and es­ appropriate. Space-charter agreements be­ tablishes procedures to amend existing con­ tary may terminate the service without an­ other 605 proceeding. tween subsidized operators and foreign-flag tracts and authority to operate on an essen­ operators are not subject to Secretarial ap­ tial trade route. Section 616 directs the Secretary to enter into a contract within 60 days after an proval. Section 615(a) provides that an operator Subsection (2) amends section 805 of the currently a party to a contract shall amend applicant has applied for a contract or a contract amendment. All contracts or con­ Merchant Marine Act. It strikes an obsolete the contract to come under the subsidy provision and permits an operator of a non­ system established by section 3 of this bill, tract amendments will take effect October 1, 1988-unless the application is received bulk vessel that provided domestic, inter­ or enter into a new contract under section coastal, or coastwise service in 1986 and did <3> of this bill. An operator currently having after August 1, 1988. For applications re­ ceived after August 1, 1988, the Secretary not receive subsidy in 1986 to continue to more than one ODS contract may amend all provide a level of service no greater than or none of those contracts but may not shall enter into a contract and commence paying subsidy wt'thin 6Q days following re­ the operator provided in 1986. Vessels under amend some of those contracts. This prohi­ construction prior to January 1, 1987 as re­ bition extends to affiliated companies. ceipt of an application for contract or con­ tract amendment. placements for vessels in the domestic, in­ Section 615 provides that an operator tercoastal, or coastwise service do not re­ or charterer of fewer than 10 vessels may Nothing in this section shall be deemed as granting the Secretary discretion to deny quire approval under this section and would continue to provide service on an essential be in addition to the level of service provid­ trade route or a portion of an essential ODS to an applicant meeting the criteria of section 601 and applying for subsidy on a ed in 1986. trade route if the operator was providing This "grandfather provision" is aimed at service on that route on January 1, 1987. vessel meeting the criteria of section 603. Section 617 limits the number of vessels protecting unsubsidized operators that have The level of service the operator is entitled been participating in the domestic trade or . to provide on that route is limited to the on which an operator may receive subsidy to 23 vessels-or the number of vessels in have begun to construct vessels in the U.S. level provided in 1986. actual operation in 1986 plus one-third. This vessel limitation does not require the use of by a currently unsubsidized operator would This protection would extend to no more require approval under a section 804 pro­ than three liner operators. These small op­ any specific vessel or operation during a spe­ cific time but, rather, places a limit on the ceeding. erators relied on the trade route system in The amendment adds a new section current law and established service on those amount of subsidy an operator may receive. Accordingly, an operator eligible for subsidy 805(g), which require a subsidized operator routes. In an effort to prevent displacement seeking to provide new or increased domes­ and undue harm to these operators, this sec­ on 23 vessels could vary the vessels receiving subsidy during the year so long as the total tic, intercoastal, or coastwise service above tion provides that these operators will not 1986 levels to disclose the nature and scope be subject to new U.S.-flag competition on subsidized fleet did not receive subsidy ex­ ceeding that payable during the year on a of the proposed service. The Secretary is di­ those routes. rected to consider the impact of the pro­ Section 615 establishes the absolute 23-ship fleet. In addition, an operator may receive subsidy on vessels acquired through posed operation on operators providing ex­ parity of contracts entered into under cur­ clusively domestic service. rent law and contracts entered into under merger or purchase from an unrelated this legislation. entity that is a party to an ODS contract. SECTION 5 Subsection <9> adds new sections 616 and SECTION 4 Section 5 amends section 901 of the Mer­ 617 to title VI of the Merchant Marine Act. Section 4 amends sections 804 and 805 of chant Marine Act of 1936, the Cargo Prefer­ These sections deal with the continuation or the Merchant Marine Act of 1936. ence Act. expansion of service on essential trade Subsection (1) amends section 804. Section Subsection (1) amends section 901. It routes served by operators choosing to exer­ 804(a) continues the prohibition in current strikes the curi;ent eligibility standards for cise their rights under new section 615. law prohibiting an ODS operator from vessels carrying the U.S.-flag portion of Section 616(a)(l) provides that an opera­ owning, chartering, or operating a foreign­ preference cargo. New standards are estab­ tor receiving ODS that provided service on flag vessel that provides service between the lished in section 901. an essential trade route between 1982 and U.S. and a foreign country. However, if the Subsection <2> amends section 90l monitors the essential trade route United States. However, the number of for- the Secretary of Transportation. 3308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 Section 901(e) requires the owner or oper­ cause .of price competition, and four because PICKLE of Texas, Rav ROWLAND of Georgia, ator to notify the Secretary of Transporta­ emergency repairs were needed. RICHARD SCHULZE of Pennsylvania, and RICH­ tion when the vessel transports cargo on its This administration has suggested precious ARD STALLINGS of Idaho. Congressman return voyage or. is scrapped or sold over­ seas. little in terms of support for the commercial SANDER LEVIN of Michigan also participated. Section 90l directs the Secretary to shipbuilding industry. We have seen a 24 per­ The delegation of outstanding scouts includ­ maintain a list of vessels that may be cent decline in shipyard capacity since 1982. ed: David C. Thomasson, Cub Scout repre- . scrapped abroad and to provide a copy of American yards have not taken an order for a sentative from Tacoma, WA; Bennie G. Jones, this list on a monthly basis to agencies ship for the foreign trade since 1981, the year Boy Scout representative from Jacksonville, using U.S.-flag vessels to transport prefer­ construction-differential subsidies were elimi­ FL; John Troiana, Explorer president and Ex­ ence cargo. nated. The parade of unfortunate statistics is New sections 901 (d), (e), and are aimed ploring representative from Kokomo, IN; David at correcting abuses in the cargo preference a long and dismal one, and it should be quite A. Erb, national chief, Order of the Arrow, system-such as the case when an operator clear that relief for this vitally important indus­ from Lancaster, MA; Melissa A. Marenka, Sea is paid a rate that includes compensation try must be made a top priority. Exploring representative from Huntsville, AL; for an empty return voyage, but the opera­ I have, along with Mr. BIAGGI, Mr. DAVIS, Belinda Ramirez, law enforcement representa­ tor carries cargo on the return voyage or and Mr. LENT, introduced a bill that would tive; and Louis P. Sugarman, outstanding the vessel is scrapped or sold. mandate that Government ships be repaired scholar, Boy Scouts of America/National Sci­ Section 901(g) changes the standards for in the United States, except in an emergency ence Foundation. eligibility to carry the U.S.-flag portion of or when the U.S. Government operates an preference cargo to allow foreign-built liner Participating, too, were Delegation Director vessels less than five years old at the time of overseas yard, such as at Subic Bay in the G. Allen Mossman, advisers James T. Wid­ documentation to be immediately eligible to Philippines. The purpose of this measure is to maier and Laura C. Widmaier, Cub Scout par­ carry preference cargo. A vessel less than guarantee the retention of a ship repair capa­ ents Mr. and Mrs. William B. Thomasson, and ten years old but greater than five years old bility in the United States-a capability that Ben H. Love, Chief Scout Executive. would be immediately eligible if the Secre­ cannot be furthered under the auspices of The presentation of the Report of the tary of Transportation-in consultation questionable competitive pricing practices. In Nation is a part of the Boy Scouts of Ameri­ with the Secretary of Defense-determines addition to the MSC using foreign commercial the vessel is suitable for national defense or ca's obligation under its congressional charter. for use in a national emergency. A vessel yards for repair work, the Navy uses them as I am pleased to share with my colleagues and over five years old at the time of documen­ well. Considering the support generated by the people of the United States the following tation would be eligible to carry preference foreign governments for their own shipyards, 1986 Report to the Nation, which I was hon­ cargo three years after documentation price comparison between United States and ored to accept on behalf of Congress and the under U.S. law. Immediate eligibility would foreign yards is a ludicrous proposition. Nation. also be extended to roll-on/roll-off vessels The bill amends the Merchant Marine Act of documented before May 1, 1986 and vessels 1928, a law that allows the Secretary of 1986 REPORT TO THE NATION-BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA that have already met the three-year wait­ Transportation to remodel .and improve Gov­ ing requirement. ernment-owned ships, and that recognizes the The Boy Scouts of America ended 1986 SECTION 6 with a 7.5 percent increase, its seventh con­ need for the rebuilding and replacement of secutive year of membership increase and Section 6 amends section 8103 of title 46, merchant vessels operated under Government United States Code by providing that, on the largest in 30 years. At year end, there each departure from the U.S., a documented account. Construction of ships for the Navy were 4,036,817 Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts, Boy vessel that was granted ODS or construc­ and the Secretary of Transportation must be Scouts, Varsity Scouts, and Explorers and tion-differential subsidy all seamen must be done in the United States under present law. 1,134,162 adult leaders registered in 132,126 U.S. citizens; and that on a foreign-flag The fact that repairs are done in foreign yards packs, troops, teams, and posts. vessel receiving ODS all seamen must be is a gross violation of the spirit-if not the A new and dramatic step to serve boys in U.S. citizens. The new provision for foreign­ letter-of the 1928 and the 1936 Merchant all school grades was taken by the Boy flag vessels will help assure these vessels Marine Acts. This legislation will correct that Scouts of America on September 1. Member­ ship requirements for Tiger Cubs and Cub are, in fact, available in a national emergen­ violation. cy and will also increase the pool of mer­ Scouts became primarily based on grade in chant seamen that would be available to our school, rather than age. The plan was ex­ Nation in a national emergency. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA panded to include first-grade boys as Tiger Cubs and second-grade boys as Wolf Cub PRESENT REPORT TO THE Scouts. The program includes plans for ex­ H.R. 1098-A BILL TO REPAIR NATION panding Webelos Scouting to 2 years for GOVERNMENT VESSELS IN U.S. fourth- and fifth-graders. This phase-in will SHIPYARDS HON. JOHN BRYANT begin in 1988. In the first 4 months of the OF TEXAS expanded program, Cub Scout membership increased by 14.3 percent compared to the HON. WALTER B. JONES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES previous year. OF NORTH CAROLINA Wednesday, February 11, 1987 The Boy Scouts of America was touched IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the tragic Challenger disaster. Two of the Mr. BRYANT. Mr. Speaker, it was my great Wednesday, February 11, 1987 crew members were active in Scouting as privilege this week to host the Boy Scouts of youths. Lieutenant Colonel Ellison S. Oni­ Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. Speaker, America's 1986 Report to the Nation presen­ zuka attained the Eagle rank in 1964 in Ho­ according to a recent GAO report, the Military tation at the U.S. Capitol. lualoa, Hawaii. Dr. Ronald E. McNair Sealift Command [MSC] has awarded eight As a former Eagle Scout, I know well the reached Star rank as a youth in Lake City, contracts to Canadian shipyards for vessel immense value of this organization and its s.c. repair since fiscal year 1980, accounting for contributions to our Nation. Scouting was an Boys' Life magazine celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1986. Since the first issue about $1 O million of work. In 1985, five con­ important factor in my life, as it has been in rolled off the presses in March 1911, Boys' tracts went to Canadian yards, amounting to 6 millions of other young lives, and I was grate­ Life has brought the spirit of Scouting to percent of the total number that year and over ful for this opportunity to help recognize and boys through the printed word. In addition, $7.8 million in value-approximately 15 per­ honor some of the outstanding participants in Boy's Life is a teacher of life. It is an invalu­ cent of total expenditures. and accomplishments of scouting. able resource for unit leaders to help youth The MSC does not view itself as being Thirty-three other incumbent Members of make ethical choices. Today, Boys' Life is bound by the "Buy America" Act. It bases its the House and Senate also attained the rank among the ·50 largest magazines in the ship repair decisions on either the need to of Eagle Scout, and many others participated nation. The National Council of Boy Scouts of make emergency repairs or price competition in scouting. Joining me in the presentation America held its biennial meeting in Louis­ with U.S. yards. It obviously does not look at ceremony were these former Eagle Scouts: ville, Ky., May 21-23. The meeting brought all the factors that go into the competitive Congressmen CHARLES BENNETT of Florida, some 2,600 key volunteer and professional pricing practices of our foreign counterparts. WILLIAM DANNEMEYER of California, HAL DAUB leaders in Scouting together for intensive Of the eight contracts, four were awarded be- of Nebraska, JIM OUN of Virginia, J.J. "JAKE" seminar-type sessions covering BSA's oper- February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3309 ations, idea swapping, and special events de­ colleagues may have the benefit of reviewing Only United Way of America, in its role as signed to provide training, inspiration, and his remarks. secretariat for the Board, is given some re­ the latest information about the programs TESTIMONY OF MARKE. TALISMAN, DIRECTOR, imbursement for its services, but the . 75% of Scouting. Charles M. Pigott, president of of the award PACCAR, Inc., Bellevue, Wash., was elected WASHINGTON ACTION OFFICE, COUNCIL OF amount does not begin to cover the cost of President of the Boy Scouts of America. JEWISH FEJ>ERATIONS computer time, six indispensable full-time The Silver Buffalo Award for distin­ Mr. Chairman and members of the Sub­ staff people led by Mr. Ike Fields, the rental guished service to youth was presented by committee, I am Mark E. Talisman, Director of separate office space just to house the the National Court of Honor to 13 individ­ of the Washington Action Office of the paper work for this program, and the proc­ uals. The 1986 recipients were: Robert L. Council of Jewish Federations and a essing of all checks sent to the agencies. Backman, Salt Lake City; Harry E. Bovay, member of the National Board of the Feder­ The voluntary agency representatives on Jr.-, Houston, Texas; J.R. Davidsmeyer, al Emergency Food and Shelter Program. I the National Board-Robert Beggan, senior Springfield, Ill.; Burl Ives, Montecito, Calif.; am very pleased to be here this morning to vice president at United Way of America, Ted L. Johnson, Fremont, Mich.; William P. testify in support of HR 558, the Urgent Col. Ernest Miller, national affairs director Relief for the Homeless bill. McCahill, Arlington, Va.; Charles J. Merlin, We have known each other for many for Salvation Army, Brother Joseph Berg, Hudson Heights, N.J.; Thomas L. Parker, years, Mr. Chairman, and as you know, I associated director for special programs at Columbus, Ohio; Roger Tory Peterson, Old have sat in this chair in previous years, at National Conference of Catholic Charities. Lyme, Conn.; Charles M. Pigott, Bellevue, previous hearings, talking with this subcom­ Mary Anderson Cooper, assistant director of Wash.; Betty F. Pilsbury, Laurens, S.C.; mittee about homelessne&s and hunger in the Washington Office of the National Jack B. Riffle, Utica, N.Y.; Eddie G. Robin­ America. Each time I testified, I unfortu­ Council of Churches, Enzo Biginatti of the son, Grambling, La. nately had to report to you that the number American Red Cross, and myself of the The National Court of Honor also present­ of homeless is growing rapidly, that re­ Council of Jewish Federations-have made ed the following to recognize acts of bravery sources available to provide food and shelter an enormous time commitment to this pro­ for lifesaving and meritorious action: 19 are woefully inadequate, and that the issue gram and have made it a priority on our Honor Medals, 71 Heroism Awards, and 189 of deinstitutionalization has been totally ig­ agendas. We join Dennis Kwiatkowski, who Medals of Merit. There were 26,840 youths nored. Last year, I told you that I would is the Chief of Individual Assistance at the advanced to the rank of Eagle Scout and 13 rather see the Federal Emergency Food and Federal Emergency Management Agency Sea Explorers who received the Quarter­ Shelter Program abolished than have Con­ and Chairman of the National master Award. The Distinguished Eagle gress view it as the solution to this crisis. Board, to make decisions about the alloca­ Scout Award was presented to 58 outstand­ The Speaker and Mr. Foley should be tion of funds and the administration of the ing men who had earned the Eagle Scout clearly recognized for their leadership of program, sometimes meeting several times a Award at least 25 years earlier, have ex­ this vital issue! Everyone is deeply indebted week. celled in their business or profession, and to you and your colleagues and staff, Mr. Here I must say a few words about the in­ are exemplary citizens. Chairman, for moving so quicky in this credible job that FEMA is doing. I cannot In response to a request by President lOOth Congress to address the problems of say enough about the dedication of these Reagan last February, the Boy Scouts of homeless people by offering HR 558. While models of civil service. We live in an era in America conducted a nationwide Donor $500 million will not alleviate all of the suf­ which Federal employees are frequently the Awareness Good Turn to inform American fering of the hungry and homeless in our focus of our frustrations with government families of the urgent need for donated midst, it is a positive and essential step in and bureaucracies of all kinds. In this case, human organs and tissue. Families were en­ dealing with the continuing emergency that nothing could be further from the truth. courged to discuss their wishes related to is literally life threatening in this cold and Dennis Kwiatkowski has been a superb providing "a gift of life" when a member killing winter. · chair of the National Board for nearly four dies suddenly. Some 597,823 Scouts .across My remarks this morning will deal first years. No one could do a more competent or the country distributed more than 14 mil­ with the Federal Emergency Food and Shel­ compassionate job than he is doing. He is lion brochures to families in their local ter Program

91-059 0 - 89-12 (Pt. 3) 3310 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 nerships between state and local govern­ before the deadline even though the clothing for homeless people who spend ments, the corporate sector and the volun­ Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year their daytime hours outside? We struggle tary sector have been strengthened, and co­ holidays interfered. Less than 60 days mightily with these questions knowing operation among service providers them­ elapsed between the time FEMA was given there is no right or wrong answer only a selves is better than ever. permission to spend the money and the time small amount of money that does not come Of course, it is the service provider agen­ those funds were in local agencies providing close to being enough. cies that are on the front line. The local vol­ services. We expect to be able to move even These are the real questions. They need untary organizations, thousands of them, more rapidly with the next appropriation. real answers. In the Jewish religion there is are putting out every possible effort to Mr. Chairman, attached to my testimony no word for charity. The word we use is assist those with nowhere else to turn. From is a fact sheet that lists the statistics on this "Tzedakah" which means righteousness and large established agencies to small neigh­ program. I won't read all of the numbers be­ justice. That is what we are talking about borhood groups, from the basements of cause you can see them for yourselves, but I here. churches and synagogues to large food bank think you will agree that the average per operations, all of these agencies have mirac­ Last week I testified before the Senate meal figure of $.71 and the average per Housing Subcommittee. It was the first ulously stretched nickels into dollars. night lodging figure of about $2.50 are hearing on homelessness the U.S. Senate Countless hours of volunteer work have pretty remarkable. By the time this fiscal been the lifeblood of these agencies, many year ends, approximately 300 million addi­ had held in 40 years. Every witness, includ­ of which operate 24 hours a day, seven days tional means will have been served and ing a panel of mayors, spake of the three a week. nearly 100 million nights of shelter provided major causes of homelessness: the lack of We have asked a great deal of the agen­ in addition to those that would have been affordable housing for low and moderate cies involved in this program and they have provided by the agencies' own resources income people; deinstitutionalization; and delivered. Year after year they have per­ without this program. unemployment or underemployment. formed incredibly well. But there are diffi­ It is clear that I am proud of the assist­ HR 558 will help to address these prob­ culties with this program that Congress can ance that is made possible by the efforts of lems by providing funds for health and easily fix. They are problems that we did so many caring people involved with the mental health services, additional Section 8 not anticipate in the early rounds because Federal Emergency Food and Shelter Pro­ certificates, surplus property, and expansion no one knew how long the emergency would gram. However, I do not want to be misun­ of the tiny demonstration programs for continue. But it does continue. derstood. This program is not- I repeat, shelter rehabilitation and transitional hous­ First, we placed an unprecedented 2% cap not-a sufficient response to the massive ing. It is not the complete answer; but it is a on administrative costs to assure that every problems of homelessness, hunger and pov­ vital first step. possible dollar went into service delivery. A erty. Providing shelter for $2.50 per night is In the past six years, nearly every major study done for the National Board by the an amazing feat, but for how long? How housing program has been cut or eliminat­ Urban Institute showed actual administra­ many nights must a family with small chil­ ed. The impartant emphasis we have rightly tive cost to be 9.6%. We are now going into dren share a single run down hotel room placed on homelessness and temparary shel­ the fourth year of this program and we are without kitchen facilities to even heat a ter relief has kept us from focusing on long­ unfairly asking local community agencies to bottle or store milk? How many meals term solutions. We are facing a crisis in low continue stretch their budgets to expand should an old woman have to eat at a soup and moderate income housing in this coun­ services and to pick up the administrative kitchen even if they only cost 71 cents try. People who have no place to live need a costs as well. The National Board recom­ apiece? place to live, not just a place to sleep for the mends that the cap be increased to 5%, not For all our best efforts, Mr. Chairman, night. Even the best homeless shelter is no the full cost, but a fairer sharing of the this program is a single drop in a rather place to raise a family. burden. empty bucket. The states and cities have Every study that has been done on the It is also recommended that any authoriz­ become very actively involved, as they must, subject shows that large numbers of the ing legislation be multi-year so that we do in finding shelters, transitional housing, and homeless are deinstitutionalized mental pa­ not have the long gaps in funding that have food for the homeless; but much more needs tients. Where are the promised community plagued local provider agencies. To this end, to be done by all levels of government in­ based services, group homes, counseling cen­ it would also be helpful if there were a roll­ cluding the federal government. ters that were supposed to accompany the over provision to allow any funds that are I do not pretend to know all of the facts policy of deinstitutionalization? I know that returned or repaid at the end of the fiscal and figures on homelessness in America. I fulfilling this promise will cost money. Not year to be carried over into the next year. It don't want to argue about whether the fulfilling it will cost lives. seems wrong, when the need is clearly so HUD study or the GAO study or somebody I spent 20 years working on Capitol Hill great, that over a million dollars has gone else's study is more accurate. What I know, and I know the myriad demands that are back to the Treasury at the end of program what I came here to tell you, is that the made on your time, your energy, and your periods while agencies struggle to keep number of homeless men, women and chil­ consciences. I know, too, that the budget doors open between funding cycles. dren is growing faster than the number of deficit must be brought under control and At all levels of this program it is the word available shelter beds. Food runs out while that caring for those in need costs money. "emergency" that stands out. The reason hungry people are still waiting in line at Believe me, I do not envy you the decisions for using voluntary organizations and the soup kitchen doors. As the debate rages over you must make in this august body. Federal Emergency Management Agency the actual number of homeless people-a What I ask is that in all of your delibera­ was that both are experienced at getting number we· will never accurately deter­ tions you put people first. The basic necessi­ help to people in need fast. Congress man­ mine-thousands of men, women and chil­ ties of maintaining human life-food, shel­ dated that this program operate with as dren are desparately trying to stay alive on ter, mental and physical care-must always little bureaucracy and as much speed as Pos­ the freezing, snow covered streets of this come first. sible. A look at this last round will show you bountiful land. Does it matter if there are The more I learn about the magnitude of that we have heeded your instructions. 350,000 or 3 million homeless? If only 10 the homeless problem, the more troubled I The Continuing Resolution was signed people freeze to death this winter is that am that we are putting bandaids on cancers. into law on October 18, 1986. The Treasury okay because it's less than 20? It will not work. We must find the national had 30 days to give a letter of credit to The National Board has anguished over resolve to face the underlying issues and ad­ FEMA. It came on the 18th of November. Solomonic decisions we have had to make dress them. We can, I believe, find solutions The National Board met several times to about allowable expenditures. There are so if we put the creative talents of this gener­ make allocations decisions and by the first many legitimate needs and so little money. ous nation to work. week of December all jurisdictions were no­ Can the funds be used to buy pharmaceuti­ Mr. Chairman, I am grateful for the op­ tified of their award amount. Local boards cals for people who cannot digest food with­ portunity to testify and, again, I applaud had 25 working days to return local plans out them? Can a rural county buy seeds to this subcommittee for the invaluable work listing agencies to receive checks. The vast grow food instead of buying fruits and vege­ you do for us all. I will be happy to answer majority of the plans, over 70%, came in tables in a store? What about necessary any questions. February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3311 EMERGENCY FOOD AND SHELTER NATIONAL BOARD PROGRAM Characteristics

Phase I Phase II Phase Ill Phase IV• Phase v 2 Total

• Phase IV ~gures are ba~ on estimates and are changing as final reports are audited. • Phase V figures are proiections based on results from previous $70 million allocation (Phase Ill) . EMERGENCY FOOD AND SHELTER NATIONAL BOARD PROGRAM Timeframe

Allocation Date signed nrne Public law Date awarded elapsed

Phase 1...... Phase 11 ...... Phase 111 ...... Phase IV ...... Phase V......

charge in Fayetteville. The nearly completed billion worth of materials depicting inter­ CONGRESSIONAL TRIBUTE TO course with children, sex with the dead, B.E. PHILLIPS $10.3 million clinical addition to the Fayette­ ville Medical Center attests to Bernie's excel­ scenes of urination, defecation, multilation, sado-masochism and copulation between lent leadership and is a fitting close to a be­ humans and animals. None! How then can HON. CHARLES ROSE nevolent career. the Senator say with a straight face that OF NORTH CAROLINA the problem is one of "definition"? He must IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DR. JAMES DOBSON AND FOCUS know better than that. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 ON THE FAMILY HELP LEAD Specifically. the Glenn letter contained at least two distortions that have been offered Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay THE FIGHT AGAINST PORNOG­ to the American people during the past 15 tribute to B.E. "Bernie" Phillips. Mr. Phillips RAPHY years. First is the implication that the Su­ has had a distinguished career in public serv­ preme Court has labored to define illegal ice that has culminated with 11 years as the HON. JACK F. KEMP pornography and has been unsuccessful in Director of th.e Veterans' Administration Medi­ OF NEW YORK doing so. Read the Senator's letter again cal Center in Fayetteville, NC. After 45 years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and see if he didn't say just that! In truth, the Supreme Court ruled emphatically in of Federal service, Mr. Phillips has made the Wednesday, February 11, 1987 decision to retire. His leadership will be sorely 1973 that ·hard-core missed. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Dr. James Dobson pornography is not protected by the First is an inspiring and dedicated leader of the Amendment, and those who produce it can Mr. Phillips holds a BS degree in physical be prosecuted. education and a MA degree in education from profamily movement in America. He has ap­ plied his considerable talents and energies to Furthermore, and in contradiction to the George Washington University. He also has Glenn letter, the Supreme Court Justices earned a Ph.D. in physical education and psy­ the crusade against the proliferation of por­ prepared a workable definition of obscenity. chology from Penn State University-this sea­ nography in this Nation; his insights and ideas Material can be declared illegal, they said, if son's NCAA football champions; a fact in about the moral and legal solutions to the it meets a three-prong test as follows: which Bernie must take great pleasure. During problem of pornography are valuable to all of <1> The average person, applying contem­ World War II, Mr. Phillips served in the U.S. us who are concerned about this issue. Dr. porary community standards, would find Army and the U.S. Air Force. Later, he joined Dobson shared some of his considerable that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the U.S. Air Force Reserve and retired as a knowledge about the legal and moral dimen­ the purient interest; <2> The work depicts or describes, in a pa­ colonel in 1971 . sions of the pornography problem with the readers of Focus on the Family magazine. I tently offensive way, sexual conduct specifi­ In 1946, he began his distinguished career am including Dr. Dobson's article, which was cally defined by the applicable state law; the Adapted Sports Program in VA hospitals. <3> The work, taken as a whole, lacks seri­ JOHN GLENN to one of his constituents, in the ous literary, artistic, political or scientific Serving in this capacity, Mr. Phillips initiated RECORD; I hope my colleagues will take the the highly successful Bowlers' Victory Legion. value. time to read it and consider Dr. Dobson's ar­ More specifically, the Supreme Court de­ Throughout the years, this cooperative effort guments as Focus on the Family is one of the fined hard-core materials as "patently of­ by America's bowlers and the Veterans' Ad­ fastest growing magazines and movements in fensive representations or descriptions of ul­ ministration has contributed millions of dollars America today: timate sexual acts, normal or perverted, to aid the VA system in the rehabilitation of its It is difficult to describe the emotions actual or simulated; and patently offensive hospitalized veterans. Before coming to the evoked in me by Sen. Glenn's reply. I have representations or descriptions of masturba­ Fayetteville VA Medical Center in 1975, heard similar rhetoric from other libertari­ tory, excretory functions, and lewd exhibi­ Bernie held increasingly responsible Associate an congressmen and from the ACLU, of tion of the genitals." Director and Director positions at VA medical course, but it never ceases to stir something It is regrettable that Sen. Glenn didn't centers in West Virginia, Ohio, New York, deep within me. tell his constituents that the Supreme Iowa, and Pennsylvania. Contained in his argument is the familiar Court has crafted such a concrete ·statute. rationalization that has paralyzed our gov­ He merely implied that it had floundered in - -- -uunnQnis 'tenure -as Director of Fayetteville ernment and enabled organized crime to its inability to define what is obscene, leav­ Center, Mr. Phillips has proven to be a dedi­ flood the landscape with hardcore pornogra­ ing the federal government powerless to act. cated and highly responsive administrator. He phy. In 1983, for example, there was not a It is no wonder most American people be­ has been of great service to me and my staff, single indictment of a pornographer by the lieve all pamography is protected by the ~s well as the staff and patients under his· federal government, despite the sale of $8 First Amendment. 3312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 Secondly, the Glenn letter stated that SUPPORTING OUR INDUSTRIES automobiles. The idea a few years ago that new legislation to control pornography is the best quality in automobiles came from for- impractical because of the above-mentioned eign countries is no longer heard, even in problems with definitions. He did not say, HON. JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR. you will notice, that laws to inhibit pornog­ OF OHIO whispers, today. The American auto industry raphers are already on the books. Those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES took up the challenge to become even more laws do need to be tightened and loopholes Wednesday, February 1l, 1987 innovative and quality conscious. The Ameri­ closed, but the basic legal structure is in ex­ can consumer now is hard pressed to find an istence. Legislation was passed by both Mr. TRAFICANT. Mr. Speaker, today I automobile of superior quality anywhere in the houses of Congress, signed by the President would like to again call attention to the plight world. and declared constitutional by the Supreme of U.S. auto makers. According to a Wall The new political coin-word today is "com­ Court. Street Journal article published last week, petitiveness.,, When lawmakers have the op­ I wish Sen. Glenn would tell us why these U.S. auto sales plunged 26 percent in late laws are not being enforced. Why does he January, despite the best efforts of the indus- portunity to spur on this enthusiasm through try itself to increase sales through creative means such as tax credits, they should not mention them when he writes about the employ them. problems of pornography? Doesn't it con­ low-interest financing and other incentive On February 3 I also introduced a bill to cern him that every branch of the federal measures. amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to government is ignoring its obligations to What this inevitably spells for the American reinstate the investment tax credit. It would apply the laws enacted by representatives of work force is more layoffs-a hard to swallow the people? Why does he hide behind the reality to the thousands of individuals affected. then deny an investment tax credit and accel- inability to enact "broad new laws," when, What it spells for the American economy in erated cost recovery on property made out­ in fact, the problem is one of enforcement? general is yet another example of how we are side the United States with less than 65 per­ Sen. Glenn has said, in essence: "The allowing an emphasis on imports to undermine cent U.S. content, as long as there is a substi­ fight against pornography is a local prob­ the strength of an entire industry. It is certainly tute product having 65 percent U.S. content. lem. The federal government can't get in­ a sad state of affairs when an entire domestic The result would be to instill a greater tenden­ volved." His philosophy explains why the industry is injured by an ill-advised economic cy toward investing in American industry. Postal Service will do nothing to protect policy laid down by this Government. The new tax laws that went into effect on you, Mr. and Mrs. Citizen, when unsolicited I am referring specifically to a provision in January 1 were first envisioned to address homosexual material is sent to your home. It explains why the Federal Trade Commis­ the new tax law enacted this year which no broad themes and inequities in the American sion and Interstate Commerce Commission longer allows the consumer to deduct the economy. Certainly there was no general in­ take no action when hard-core pornography sales tax on the purchase of a new automo- tention to force the American manufacturing is transported across state lines-an every­ bile when filing his 1987 Federal income tax and industrial base of this country to suffer. day occurrence. It explains why the Federal with the IRS. According to the Wall Street But in fact, by ce.rtain results in the final tax Communications Commission looks the Journal article, while January saw the worst law, these sectors will suffer. As long as the other way when obscenity flows into your sales month for the auto industry in 4 years, incentive of tax credits for domestic invest­ home via cable television or directly to your sales "surged" the month before as "consum- ment is unavailable, so too will be the princi­ children through telephone dail-a-porn. It ers took final advantage of the sales tax de- pal modum by which we can guarantee explains why only two-count them-two duction before it expired." strength in our industries through moderniza- FBI agents are assigned to illvestigate ob­ Directly because of the lagging sales, the tion. scenity cases from a force of 8,000 men and auto industry is now faced with a serious This bill, like H.R. 905, addresses important women. You talk about David and Goliath! problem: they are overstocked to such a issues concerned with the foundation of our Two lonely agents are asked to do battle against organized crime, which generates $8 degree that analysts are predicting large lay- economy-the strength of our industries. billion in profit from pornography each offs to counter the foregone future profits. For When America is asked to compete it does so year. And this situation exists, says Sen. example, General Motors, who was forced to with a feverish pitch of pride and enthusiasm. Glenn, because we're hung up on a defini­ temporarily lay off 23, 700 employees and The industrial revolution first proved that to tion! 7,000 more employees indefinitely last month, the world. World Wars I and II reaffirmed it. The heart of the matter, of course, con­ may have to go further according to some an- Since, we have prided ourselves on our indus­ cerns real live (and dead> victims of pornog­ alysts quoted in last week's article. trial strength even, and especially, in the face raphy. During my term of service on the At­ Mr. Speaker, GM has its largest assembly of constant competition. Preserving a strong torney General's Commission on Pornogra­ plant in Lordstown, OH. And as GM will need industrial base necessarily means looking for phy, I heard from pitiful individuals who to cut its production in about a dozen of its ways to help our industries help themselves. wept as they testified of the horrors they plants, I feel that I have an obligation to speak It does not take much to convince the had experienced. I can hear their cries out for the constituents in my district who will American consumer to buy products that are today. Little children whose fathers used likely feel the brunt of these layoffs. Just as made in America. He already assumes that he explicit materials to soften their defenses important though, I feel that I have an obliga- will be getting the best quality available. But, against abuse. Wives who described the ob­ sessions of their husbands, and of tne de­ tion to speak out for any American worker and in the face of often unfair competition, we mands made on them to perform what was any American industry which suffers at the in- should be willing to provide that small extra in­ depicted in obscene photographs. Young adequacy of our Federal economic policies. centive. The American consumer should come girls who became caught up in the pornog­ I believe that a way to aid these thousands to realize that he not only gets the best prod­ raphy business, who were raped by pornog­ of employees and the American auto industry uct when he buys American, but that he sig­ raphy addicts, speak to me today in a great lies easily within our grasp. On January 29 I nificantly contributes to the strength of his chorus, saying, "Don't let it happen to other introduced legislation, H.R. 905, that would economy. American industry has taken the re­ innocent victims!" provide consumers the opportunity to once sponsibility of assuring consumer confidence By God's grace, we will not ignore their again deduct the sales tax on the purchase of in its products, as it should. American Govern­ pleas. With the participation of millions of an American-made automobile. Obviously, the ment should share in the responsibility of ap­ American citizens, who are also sickened by intent of this legislation is to provide incentive preciating the consumer's interest in contribut­ the moral depravity that has swept our to the consumer to "Buy American" and . ing to the strength of the American economy. land, we will rid this country of violent and therefore it stipulates that the automobile cov- There can be no losers in a process where degrading pornography, and that which is ered must be assembled in America and con- the American consumer reaps benefits by abusing to children. Speaking directly, in conclusion, to Sen. tain at least 65 percent American-made parts. buying from, and investing in his _own econo­ Glenn and his colleagues, we beg you to re­ The result would be to strengthen the industry my. evaluate your position. It's not too late to by providing the consumer an additional in- Both of these bills encompass a realistic stand boldly for morality, decency and centive to acquire high quality automobiles approach of rewarding both the investor in, human dignity. If you will, the American without looking to imports. and the producer of American goods. It is people will certainly honor you for your There is no question about the quality of sound policy to once again use the term courage. work and design that go into American-made "Made In America" to serve as testament not February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3313 only to a worker's pride in his work, but to the products and bureaucratic indecision in Ninth, in a separate provision in our legis­ consumer's assurance that he has acquired Washington, foreign companies are moving lative package, we will provide authority to the finest made product in the world. By fur­ away from purchasing current U.S. parts or allow for exports to the People's Republic ther encouraging the consumer and the inves­ designing U.S. components into future prod­ of China under the distribution license. ucts. I have seen letters written by CEO's of Tenth, this year we will meet the Presi­ tor to shop at home we are taking a long-term major foreign companies instructing their dent's goal of reducing license times by one approach at helping our industries. Today managers to "design out" U.S. parts from third-from 20 to 14 days. From 1985 to when American consumers and American in­ their product. This is being done to elimi­ 1986 we reduced licensing times from 30 dustry are expressing a renewed spirit of com­ nate these companies from being bound by days to 20 days. Licenses for our major trad­ petitiveness, we must support that spirit. We U.S. reexport regulations and other unilat­ ing partners are processed in have the opportunity to show our support, and eral restrictions that accompany our prod­ about 7 days. to prove to the American people that we too ucts throughout the world. Eleventh, we are working with other agen­ want to be in on it. Over the years, the costs imposed on U.S. cies to improve the way we manage the industries have become excessive and the process. We clearly need to do more to settle burden too much to overcome in too many interagency disputes. For too long the bick­ COMMERCE SECRETARY MAL­ cases. As the department in charge of bal­ ering in Washington has been one more COLM BALDRIGE-EASING OF ancing U.S. security needs and export con­ unfair trade barrier interferring with the EXPORT CONTROL PROCE­ trols, the Commerce Department in under­ flow of legitimate trade. Temporary swings DURES taking some major reforms and improve­ of mood in organizations or individuals ments to the process, and has forwarded to should not be allowed to impede the long­ the White House significant legislative and term decision making of our business lead­ HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. administrative changes to carry them out. ers. We know controls have costs, and when OF NEW YORK We have also taken major internal steps to national security is truly at stake, industry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES assure more timely and efficient review of is willing to bear those costs. But as our export licenses. business leaders fight it out in international Wednesday, February 11, 1987 First, on January 20, 1987, we eliminated markets, they have to know that Washing­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I think the statement foreign policy controls on exports of oil and ton is there to support them-not cut them by Commerce Secretary Malcolm Baldrige at gas equipment to the Soviet Union. The eco­ off at the knees. The controls must be ra­ his press conference on February 9, with re­ nomic burden of these controls clearly out­ tional and predictable and the decision weighed their intended benefits. This action making process must be managed construc­ spect to modifications in the export control indicated to the exporting community that tively, not destroyed through bureaucratic system, should be interest to all my col­ we will not allow controls to be continued obstructionism. leagues. that impose excessive and unnecessary costs And, finally, we should always recognize STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF COMMERCE on U.S. industry. that no export control program will be suc­ MALCOLM BALDRIGE, FEBRUARY 9, 1987 Second, we are proposing two new general cessful without international cooperation. Competitiveness is a long word with an licenses that reduce the licensing burden for For this reason, we have been hard at work even longer definition. Today, I want to deal U.S. exporters. I am today sending appropri­ with CoCom. They desire a shortening of with just one of its many elements-export ate agencies and Congressional leaders draft the list to eliminate insignificant items; we controls. regulations to go forward with elements of want more effective controls on the more Six years ago, the Reagan Administration the certified end user plan proposed earlier. important items. I feel sure we will be able inherited an export control system that was As a first step, we made available a broad­ to work out these objectives successfully. simply not effective. That system has been ened general license G-CEU available for The recent National Academy of Sciences successfully restored and improved. Now our enterprises controlled by Coordinating Com­ report, written by a panel comprised of a problem is not to overshoot the mark. mittee on Export Controls gover n­ former secretary of defense, two former Na­ I don't consider the reform of the export ments. We expect to expand this in the tional Security Agency directors, a former control system we will be talking about to future to other enterprises in CoCom coun­ secretary of the Air Force, and other de­ be an international trade off between trade tries. We will also be recognizing the trust fense and production experts and business and national security. I believe the reform and shared responsibility in CoCom by in­ leaders, backs Commerce's conclusions, of the system will improve both the level of troducing a new general license that re­ laying out the issues in a straightforward U.S. competitiveness and the level of U.S. moves virtually all restrictions on exports to manner. Most importantly, the President security. This is not a zero sum game. The governmental agencies in these countries. has recognized the importance of improving overall security of this country is comprised Third, in the future we will extend this the export control program as one of his of both economic and military security. One general license, and other procedures now goals in the State of the Union message. goes with the other. reserved for our CoCom partners, to other There is no one key to opening the door Yet, in too many cases, we have seen free world countries that establish adequate marked "Competitiveness" -there are a export controls damaging the defense indus­ export control programs. great many keys and a great many doors. In trial base. We are hurting those high tech Fourth, these actions will be followed taking the steps I've outlined today, we will industries that we depend upon to keep our within the next few weeks by signficant re­ have cut our license applications by 20 per­ military efforts technologically superior to visions in our parts and components regula­ cent. And we have also greatly improved an­ the Soviet Union. It is the freedom of our tions-which we hope will address the De­ other very important key-the reliability system that promotes research and develop­ Americanization concern I mentioned. that the U.S. government and its companies ment and we must work to keep that system Fifth, we will eliminate licensing require­ have as we compete in international mar­ as free as possible. ments for low-level exports to our non­ kets. Our companies cannot afford to lose a CoCom trading partners in the free world. contract because of bureaucratic slowdown; Sixth, we are developing regulations to bureaucratic logjams or bureaucratic in­ remove or eliminate prior U.S. authorization FREEDOM FOR THE UKRAINE fighting. American companies will abide and for reexports into CoCom countries. abide patriotically by a decision to stop a Seventh, on foreign availability we have shipment that may endanger our national proposed legislation to the White House to HON.HENRYJ.NOWAK security. We have seen this happen thou­ provide specific deadlines for foreign avail­ OF NEW YORK sands of times. What a businessman cannot ability determinations and provide a more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tolerate is indecision and uncertainty. With precise definition of foreign availability. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 the passage of every day, foreign competi­ Other agencies will be consulted, but the tors gain advantage because they do not proposed legislation makes clear that the Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, I would like to have the same restrictions as we do. If a Secretary of Commerce does not need other join Ukrainian-Americans of western New York U.S. exporter cannot assure his clients that agencies' approval to make a decision. and other western New Yorkers in remem­ he can deliver his product reliably and in a Eighth, we are also proposing legislation brance of the 69th anniversary of the Declara­ timely fashion, he simply loses his credibil­ that when a product or technology similar tion of Ukrainian Independence. ity and future orders. to a U.S. product is available to a free world What is happening in the international country without restrictions, that U.S. prod­ On January 22, ceremonies in Buffalo, market place is a significant and growing uct qualifies for a license to a free world sponsored by the Ukrainian Congress Com­ shift away from the use of American prod­ country. This license will be granted in 20 mittee of America, commemorated the decla­ ucts-a De-Americanization of sorts. Be­ days unless an unacceptable risk of diver­ ration of a Ukrainian National Republic in Kiev tween unilateral restrictions placed on U.S. sion is demonstrated. on January 22, 1918. 3314 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 I would also like to point out that the main and died. Some of the nations still exist, in day-but the emigre groups from different speaker during these ceremonies was retired the shadow of foreign domination; others lands still hold a common dream, and the Buffalo Congressman Thaddeus J. Dulski, a have been absorbed, as member republics of name of the dream is liberty. the Soviet Union. strong supporter of the Captive Nations move­ Many of the lands had, briefly, Western­ ment. style democracies-republics for the people, THE lOOTH CONGRESS It is important that we remember this histori- in more than name only. There were docu­ cal event. · ments-declarations of independence, con­ To some, a free Ukraine seems nothing stitutions-that serve now as mere historical HON. LEE H. HAMILTON more than an unattainable dream. Ukrainian­ records, and reminders of how fragile a OF INDIANA Americans however, refuse to forget their thing true liberty is. native land and will keep the dream of inde­ For many of the lands, independence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pendence alive. came in the chaos that followed the First Wednesday, February 11, 1987 I am inserting the following proclamation World War and died in the sweep of Bolshe­ vik imperialism. Libertarian ideals are Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to signed by Erie County Executive Edward J. anathema to the Soviet system: power shift­ insert my Washington Report for Wednesday, Rutkowski and Buffalo's mayor, James D. ed from the people to The People, as the February 11, 1987, into the CoNGRESSIONAL Griffin, proclaiming Thursday, January 22, People's Republics found a focus in collec­ RECORD. 1987, as Ukrainian Independence Day, and a tive rather than individual rights. The report follows: copy of a related article which appeared in the There remain documents-but in most of Buffalo News. the lands, the rule of law has been replaced THE 100TH CONGRESS The material follows: by a ruling class. The lOOth Congress has convened in an Still, some remember the hopes of the atmosphere dramatically changed from the PROCLAMATION past-and refuse to let them go. 99th Congress that ended only a few Whereas when our forefathers envisioned Such a remembrance is staged each Janu­ months ago. The November elections and the founding of our great Nation, they ary by a small but active ethnic community the Iran/Contra arms affair have trans­ hoped for a peaceful world with justice in Western New York. Ukrainian-Americans formed the political world. President which would ensure the future of all na­ active in events sponsored by the emigre­ Reagan remains popular, but he is suddenly tions; and founded Ukrainian Congress Committee of on the defensive and his standing in the Whereas since the founding years, the America will observe the 69th anniversary polls has slipped. He confronts a Congress United States has guarded these inalienable of their homeland's declaration of independ­ in which both houses are controlled by the rights for our people and others who yearn ence with ceremonies at 11 a.m. Thursday in Democrats for the first time during his pres­ to lead sovereign life in order to pursue the mayor's office and 2 p.m. Sunday in the idency. New leaders are in charge in both their own national destiny; and Common Council chambers. the Senate and the House, and both parties Whereas the Ukrainian nation has de­ The Sunday program carries special mean­ are trying to persuade the country that clared independence on January 22, 1918 ing this year, because the main speaker will they are worthy of the presidency in 1988. and formed a free Ukrainian National Re­ be retired Buffalo congressman Thaddeus J. The new Congress will be marked by the public which was subsequently invaded by Dulski-a man who used his terms in Con­ struggle of power between a Congress con­ the Russian Communists and incorporated gress to back the Captive Nations move­ trolled by Democrats and an administration into the USSR; and ment. led by a Republican president with only two Whereas the Ukrainian people have con­ With attorney Andrew Diakun acting as years left in office. The Democrats will try tinued to wage a detennined struggle to master of ceremonies, the program also will to show voters that they can govern respon­ regain freedom and sovereignty by various include remarks by Ukrainian-American sibly on an array of issues ranging from forms of resistance, joining forces with community leaders and performances by budget and trade deficits to welfare reform other enslaved nations; and Ukrainian choirs and instrumental groups. and arms control. But Democrats are still Whereas the recent tragedy of the nuclear The observance centers on the declaration far from united on precise strategies for holocaust of Chernobyl once again under­ of a Ukrainian National Republic in Kiev on dealing with the major issues or with the scores the gross disregard of the regime for Jan. 22, 1918-a declaration that pounced on Reagan Adminstration. basic safeguards for Ukraine; and the opportunity opened by the collapse of Although it is a new atmosphere, the Whereas it is imperative that free people the Russian Empire after World War I. The problems facing the Congress are depress­ everywhere, and Americans in particular, newly formed republic, though, proved to be ingly familiar. Among the most important is keep the aspirations for freedom alive by only an interval between czarist and Bolshe­ the budget deficit. The Gramm-Rudman rendering moral and spiritual support to all vik domination. law requires the deficit, now more than $174 subjugated nations; and The deeper chaos of World War II billion, to shrink to $108 billion by October Whereas the enslaved nations form a pow­ brought insurgent struggles for independ­ 1987. Our budget becomes more difficult to erful third force in the world and this force ence, but those too failed. In more recent resolve with each new session of the Con­ is closely bound to our political convictions times, Chernobyl has only deepened the gress. Allocating spending cuts among de­ as an unbreakable bond of ideals that free­ pain for those who fled the rich Ukrainian fense and domestic programs will produce dom is indivisible and a birthright to all, fields and the ancient cities. sharp disputes, while a major tax increase is Now, therefore, I, James D. Griffin, To many of us, the hope for a non-Soviet unlikely without the President's endorse­ Mayor of the City of Buffalo, and I, Edward Ukraine seems impossible. But those who ment. The Congress will also want to exam­ J. Rutkowski, Erie County · Executive, do know the land refuse to surrender the ine ways to keep the economy growing. hereby proclaim Thursday, January 22, 1987 dream and point to the tides of history to Several foreign policy issues await atten­ as Ukrainian Independence Day in the City bolster their hopes for change. tion. Additional aid requests for the Contras of Buffalo and the County of Erie and urge Eastern Europe's political landscape has in Nicaragua are likely to face stiff opposi­ all our citizens to give renewed devotion to been convulsed, through the centuries, by tion in both houses. House and Senate com­ the just aspirations of the people of Ukraine the westward push of nomadic tribes and mittees are prepared to examine thoroughly who seek to regain national independence the clash of western and Asiatic civiliza­ the implications of the Reagan secret arms and individual liberty. tions. It has been a cultural crossroads, and sales to Iran and the diversion of proceeds In witness whereof, we have caused the a battlefield for armies-a place defined by from those sales to the Nicaraguan guerril­ Seals of the City of Buffalo and the County the sword and the sweep of history. las. There is great dissatisfaction with the of Erie to be affixed this 22nd day of Janu­ The Ukraine itself boasted one of the first pace of arms control. The Congress will be ary, 1987. Slavic peoples to achieve national life, pushing the President to adopt a posture EDWARD J. RUTKOWSKI, through the state known as Kievan Rus' more conducive to reaching an arms control Erie County Executive. and the codified legal system known as the agreement. Military spending will certainly J.uo:s D. GRIFFIN, Rus'ka Pravda 12 centuries ago. But the be a major issue. Aside from the size of the Mayor of BuJ/alo. state fell to the Mongols in 1240 and Kiev defense budget, key defense issues to be de­ was sacked; the occupation lasted centuries, bated are the balance of funding between UKRAINIAN-AllERICANS KEEP A DREAM ALlvE lifted briefly in the 17th century and then strategic and conventional forces, the pace It is, in fact, a paradox-the celebration of fell again when struggles against Poland, of SDI <"Star Wars"> research, and contin­ independence, for nations that have none. Turkey and Russia ended in czarist control. ued funding of both the MX and Midget­ Here in America, the celebrations are The cultural history of Eastern Europe is man missiles. Careful scrutiny will be given staged by those whose forebears came from complex, and differences of blood and poli­ to the President's requests for large in­ lands where the name of liberty flickered, tics run deep. Some survive to the present creases in U.S. foreign aid. February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3315 Improving trade and competitiveness has COLOMBIA: A BRAVE EXAMPLE that many Latins see the United States. been identified as a high priority of t he new with its huge demand for drugs, as the prin­ Congress, and a comprehensive trade bill is cipal cause of their terrible drug costs. in­ already under active discussion. Both the HON. CHARLES 8. RANGEL cluding increasing rates of addiction among Congress and the President have announced .OF NEW YORK their young. The readiness of such a coun­ their support for reform of U.S. trade laws IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES try as Colombia to take the risks of cracking and for measures to improve education and Wednesday, February 11, 1987 down on the biggest traffickers deserves ap­ job training programs, to encourage more preciation in this country-and matching se­ savings and investment, and to expand re­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to riousness. search and development. Where they dis­ share a Washington Post editorial concerning agree is on how many federal dollars should the recent arrest and extradition of the notori­ be spent on the effort. There is also dis­ ous Colombian drug trafficker Carlos Lehder THE SOVIET DISINFORMATION agreement on the question of whether pro­ Rivas. The editorial commends Colombia for CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE tectionist measures, such as tariffs and import quotas, should be used to lower the its bravery in taking this action in the face of UNITED STATES FROM A EU­ U.S. trade deficit. almost certain retaliation by other drug traf­ ROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, PART 2 Two key domestic issues will be health fickers. care and welfare reform. Efforts to decrease Let the Colombian action be an example to HON. C.W. BILL YOUNG welfare dependency will stress job-training us all. It takes much courage and a serious designed to make employment more attrac­ commitment to fight drugs. For us in Con­ OF FLORIDA tive than federal aid programs. Serious con­ gress, this means we must stand by the prom­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sideration will be given to an insurance plan ise we made in the 99th Congress when we to protect older persons from catastrophic Wednesday, February 11, 1987 enacted the Antidrug Abuse Act of 1986, an health care expenses. The Congress will Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, during earnest attempt to structure and provide re­ review proposals to reform physician pay­ this time yesterday I discussed our Nation's sources for a comprehensive national drug ments under Medicare, curb rising health continuing battle against Soviet active meas­ care costs, and help the estimated 37 million control strategy. ures and disinformation campaigns that are Americans who have no health insurance at The article follows: aimed at undermining our credibility in the all. COLOMBIA: A BRAVE EXAMPLE Legislators will grapple with a host of eyes of our allies throughout the world. A pri­ other issues. Both houses of the Congress In the war against drugs,. Colombia has mary Soviet weapon in this regard is the use are moving to release urgently needed high­ just set a very brave example. It arrested of forgeries that call into question United way funding. A review of the structure of and extradited to the United States a man named Carlos Lehder Rivas, who is accused States policies and motives. the banking system, including the weakened Following my remarks, I included the first condition of the Federal Savings and Loan of being one of the great cocaine traffickers Insurance Corporation finance reform. Other items on the domes­ home, but in such a country as Colombia, tic agenda include the liability insurance where the institutions of law enforcement In a general way, Soviet "active measures" crisis, the pace of financial deregulation, the and administration are weaker, the very in­ based on forgeries are more effective in the corporate merger frenzy, future plans for tegrity of the nation comes to be at stake. developing world than in the West. Not only the space program, plant closing notifica­ There is actually a proposal that the lead­ are verification procedures concerning the tion, and federal air safety responsibilities. ing drug dealers, in exchange for a presum­ authenticity of documents at best unreliable My impression is that President Reagan ably friendly prosecution in Colombia, pay and sometimes non-existent, but the KGB has pared his agenda for his final two years off the country's $13 billion foreign debt. easily finds the necessary contacts to or­ in office. He will focus on protecting the The extradition process in Colombia is in­ chestrate propaganda campaigns that ulti­ gains he has made in pa.st years more than finitely delicate. It provides Colombians mately take on a worldwide dimension. on promoting new programs. He will be with a way to bring to justice and to send "When a forgery surfaces in India and. a playing more defense than offense with the out of the country suspects who may be few days later. appears in a Mexican daily", Congress in the months ahead. Even so, the more dangerous when they are in official explains Romerstein, "We know that the President maintains enormous appeal with hands-because of the violence their thugs Mexican editor did not read the Indian the voters, and he can talk about issues di­ take to reclaim or avenge them-than when · press, so that was not how he got the infor­ rectly to the American people in order to they are at large. Yet retaliation against mation. It is usually a KGB agent who takes force the process to follow. those who take part in extradition is always the information printed in an apparently I am impressed by the assertiveness of the a threat-see what happened to the ambas­ non-communist publication of one country, lOOth Congress, at least in its early days. It sador in Hungary. There also seems to be a and brings it to another apparently non­ has overriden the President's veto of the feeling, halfway between shame and nation­ communist publication where it will be re­ clean water bill. It is moving ahead with its alism, that makes Colombians hesitate to printed. When we find the same disinforma­ own plans on welfare, catastrophic illness, hand off these desperadoes to others. espe­ tion piece in several parts of the world. the trade, and arms control without waiting for cially to the United States. The newly ar­ CIA (Julliard/L' a.ge d'homme, Ed.> type of information. Likewise, the confron­ Sera" had published the same text. While freedom of the press allows for all tation of ideas is the rule in the West, but In an interview broadcast five days later sorts of manipulation, it is also the best and the exception in communist countries; the on Italian television, Shcharansky denied most efficient weapon against disinforma­ most one can ever expect to hear is the having ever made those statements. On Feb­ tion, because it authorizes contradictory echo-most likely a deceitful one-of sup­ ruary 23, the "Journal du Dimanche" pub­ debate. For this reason, the KGB strives to posed debates within the Politburo. lished an editorial titled "Victims of the discredit all journalists who oppose its aim. In the Eastern bloc, public opinion does KGB," refuting the Shcharansky article This was the objective of a brochure not exist. The disinformation war is one and recognizing it had been the object of a issued in Switzerland, titled "CIA Inter­ that is fought exclusively on our own terri­ disinformation operation. The editorial press". Officially, it had been written by tory. staff of the "Corriere" did not issue quite so seven voluntary "journalists" who had ac­ firm a denial. complices in the U.S. intelligence agency It was a small London press agency, the and had as a goal to "end the CIA's perverse London News Service, that had provided the use of the press and of freedom of informa­ TRIBUTE TO THE FIRST BAP­ text, edited by a certain Nicholas Benefict, tion." TIST CHURCH OF ALBION, MI to the editors of the French weekly. The Published in 1978, the brochure was in transaction was apparently made through · fact a list of journalists and press organiza­ "an absolutely trustworthy intermediary." tions purportedly funded by the CIA HON. HOW ARD WOLPE Another journalist, Stephan Ivanov, tried to throughout the world. For France, under OF MICHIGAN investigate further and follow whatever lead the heading "Appointed CIA agents, sources he could find. He discovered that Nicholas of information and assistance in world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Benefict is unknown in press circles both in media", the list included Raymond Aron, Wednesday, February 11, 1987 London and Tel Aviv, where the interview Kosta Christitch, Pierre Daix, Roland purportedly originated. The press agency Faure, Jean Grandmougin and Jean-Fran­ Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker, I want to pay itself is also unknown in professionaal cir­ <;ois Revel. The heading "Medias used as special tribute to the First Baptist Church of cles, although it does have offices in cover, funded, or otherwise influenced by Albion, Ml, on the occasion of its sesquicen­ London. As for the "absolutely trustworthy the CIA" featured Agence France-Presse, tennial celebration. intermediary," he has eluded all contacts. "Le Quotidien de Paris," "Le Figaro," "L' While the press is the ideal vehicle for Express," "Le Point" and Radio Monte­ On March 4, 1837, the Articles of Faith and spreading disinformation, the journalist is Carlo. "CIA interpress" was in fact the first Practice of the Baptist Church and the church the necessary link, as conveyor of the mes­ issue of a confidential magazine subsequent­ covenant were adopted by the Baptist broth­ sage to be transmitted. So naturally, in ly titled "CIA Insiders" and which contin­ ers and sisters of Albion. At this time 11 mem­ order for an operation to be successful, the ued to reveal the names of purported CIA bers were received, and Rev. T.Z.R. Jones news organization which is to carry the in­ agents in the press community. became the church's pastor on a part-time formation must in no way be suspected of Stanislav Levchenko knows "CIA Insid­ any sympathy toward the disinformation ers." A former major of the KGB who de­ basis. Since that time, the church has served agent. A message potentially damaging to fected to the West, he worked in Japan the Albion community and has endeavored to the policies of the United States is more under cover as a correspondent for the reach out to the world through its foreign mis­ credible if it is conveyed by a non-partisan Soviet magazine "New Times". A middle­ sions. paper rather than "L'Humanite." sized and middle-aged man, Levchenko fre­ There are many dates and events important To gain access to independent press orga­ quently changes his residence as well as his nizations, it is necessary either to deceive physical appearance. For him, life in the to the history of the Albion First Baptist journalists, as in the case of the "Journal du West is not altogether restful. Church; 1846, when the first Sunday school Dimanche," or to be able to manipulate "I read this brochure at the KGB resi­ was organized; 1851, when the first frame them by appealing to their ideals or by dence in Tokyo," he explains, "and to my wood building was completed to house the preying on their weaknesses. They then knowledge, it is produced by the counter-es­ church; 1854, when the First Baptist Church become willful "agents of influence." These pionage staff in the senior Director's office passed a resolution denouncing slavery; and agents are not necessarily journalists, they of the KGB, with the help of the active can be "influential" people in any sphere. measures staff." 1987, when the church celebrated paying off In this regard, the Pierre-Charles Pathe Levchenko's job was to recruit and manip­ the 15-year mortgage on its present facilities. affair is significant. Approached by the ulate "agents of influence", whether they Mr. Speaker, the members of the Albion KGB as early as the late fifties, his role was were political people or journalists. He is in­ First Baptist Church take understandable pride to filter into French media information that telligent, well-read, and he knows how to be in their history and in the strength of their was favorable to Soviet interests. In 1976, charming. While at the KGB, he must have faith. The sesquicentennial celebration com­ Pathe launched a semi-monthly newsletter been formidable. Now, he is an intelligence called "Synthese," funded by the Soviets. adviser to the U.S. authorities. memorates the church's founding and serves He managed to find some 500 subscribers, In fact, it is in developing world countries to demonstrate its sense of history and its including 299 deputies of the National As­ that "CIA Insiders" is most useful to the confidence in its future. sembly, 139 senators, 41 journalists and 14 KGB. It represents an easy way to discredit Mr. Speaker, I am privileged to represent ambassadors. He was arrested by the DST certain journalists and media whose ideas the members of the Albion First Baptist ("Direction de la Surveillance du Terri­ and arguments are difficult to contradict Church. toire") as he was exchanging documents and and who represent, therefore, obstacles to money with his agent, and he was tried and the Kremlin's plans. While the accusation sentenced to five years in prison for under­ of being "an agent for the CIA" elicits mining national security. smiles in Western Europe, it remains a crip- February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3317 EXPECTED MISSION INSURANCE each company sold in the state. That would American Financial Corp. owns 49.9% of INSOLVENCY CAUSES CONCERN create an annual insurance pool of about Mission's stock. AFC has already written $200 million, according to John Gates, the that investment off its books, according to a association's executive director. The associa­ source within the company, who asked not HON. JAMES J. FLORIO tion currently is paying claims against seven to be identified. OF NEW JERSEY insolvent insurers with a fund of $58 mil­ The source disputed claims by the state of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lion, he said. California that American Financial had Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Gates urged claimants to remain patient failed to honor agreements to inject fresh in the case of Mission's liquidation. capital into Mission Insurance. "There was Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, it is expected "This is a major insolvency, with some lots of discussion but no commitments," the that a court order to liquidate Mission Insur­ 13,000 claims pending in California alone," source said. However, he added, AFC itself ance will be issued soon. This may be the he said. "It will take some time for us to invested $75 million on its own in an at­ largest such insolvency of a property-casualty work through the files. I urge all claimants tempt to keep the company alive. to wait for notice from the liquidator." insurer, and thousands of claimants in States On Monday, the state took over Mission The association is not responsible for the American Insurance, Mission Insurance's across the country might be affected. Unfortu­ first $100 of each claim, Gates said, and the nately, the Mission difficulties come in the immediate parent, which was created by maximum claim is $500,000, except in the Lindner to take over Mission Insurance's wake of a rising number of insurer insolven­ case of workers' compensation, in which business. The commissioner said she sought cies. The potential for ripple effects from an terms are fixed by state law. The Department of Insurance does not the conservatorship to protect Mission insolvency the size of Mission is raising wide­ American's assets from the involuntary spread concern. yet know the full extent of Mission's claims liabilities but believes that the guarantee as­ bankruptcy proceedings now pending Mr. Speaker, last year, in a series of hear­ sociation's resources will be adequate, Gil­ against the subsidiary's holding company, ings examining the liability insurance crisis, my lespie said. Although Mission Insurance op­ Mission Insurance Group. subcommittee held a hearing on insurance erated in other states, the "overwhelming" Gillespie said she has not yet determined company insolvencies. (See July 17, 1986, bulk of its business was conducted in Cali­ whether it will be necessary to liquidate CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, p. E2460, for a fornia, Gillespie said. The other states have Mission American, which was Lindner's last guarantee funds similar to California's. hope to recoup his investment. summary of the hearing.) As we continue to A spokesman for Mission Insurance Group address the insurance crisis in the present The state guarantee funds do not, howev­ er, cover reinsurance policies, under which said Tuesday that the company would agree Congress, a top priority will be the financial one insurer takes on a share of the risk in to the proceedings under Chapter 11 of the soundness of the insurance industry. This is policies written by another company in ex­ U.S. Bankruptcy Code, under which it re­ why examination of the Mission Insurance sit­ change for a share of the premium collect­ ceives protection from creditors while at­ uation is so important. An article from the Los ed. tempting to work out a reorganization plan. Angeles Times regarding Mission follows: Mission subsidiaries both bought and sold [From the Los Angeles Times] reinsurance, and the state has sued reinsur­ ers that it claims owe Mission Insurance DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING POOL FUND To PAY DEFUNCT MISSION $700 million. If recovered, those funds will CLAIMS be used to pay claims or reimburse the guar­ San Diego, California. He is also survived In short, airline employees have never re­ by four grandchildren and two great-grand­ SIONS FOR AIRLINE EMPLOY­ children. He was predeceased by a brother, EES ceived the protections which were an essen­ Joseph S. Cafaro of Youngstown, Ohio. tial part of the deregulation package. During his lifetime, Mr. Cafaro was affec­ HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA Besides providing for flexible market entry tionately known as "J.C." by his many OF CALIFORNIA and fare setting, the Deregulation Act also fa­ friends and employees. Upon his death, the cilitated the ability of airlines to merge. How­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vindicator, Youngstown's daily newspaper, ever, we made it clear that we did not intend published an editorial which was headed, Wednesday, February 11, 1987 "Youngstown Loses A Pillar in John A. for liberal merger policies to be used to unfair­ Cafaro" describing the valuable contribu­ Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ ly treat airline employees. In the past year, it tions and achievements made by John ducing legislation to require the Department of has become increasingly obvious that the De­ during his lifetime. The Italian Scholarship Transportation to impose labor protective con­ partment of Transportation is ignoring the con­ League established a special fund titled, ditions [LPP's] in airline merger cases to gressional intent on this issue as well. "The John A. Cafaro Scholarship Fund". ensure that the merger is fair to employees. In directing that employees be protected in The eulogy delivered at his funeral on The legislation is cosponsored by 32 of my the mergers, Congress was only directing a January 5, 1987 at Our Lady of Mount colleagues on the committee on Public Works Carmel Church described John as one who continuation of historic practice. Before de­ was always concerned for the welfare of and Transportation. Similar legislation was regulation, the Civil Aeronautics Board always others and who was responsible and caring passed by the House last September by an imposed LPP's when it approved mergers of and who always fttlfilled his obligations to overwhelming vote of 329 to 72. major and national airlines. others. He was further recognized as one LPP's were routinely imposed by the Civil After deregulation in 1978, CAB imposed who always believed in and lived a policy of Aeronautics Board for many years to ensure LPP's in the first merger cases. CAB then an­ fair play. that the seniority lists of merging airlines nounced that it intended to change its past, He was an extraordinary human being would be integrated in a fair and equitable who will never be forgotten. historic policy and not impose LPP's. Con­ manner and that some financial benefits gress did not agree with this change. In 1984, would be provided to relieve the burdens on when the Civil Aeronautics Board was termi­ LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE employees who lost their jobs or suffered a nated and its remaining regulatory and con­ DAY reduction in wages as a result of the merger. sumer protection responsibilities transferred to When the Civil Aeronautics Board announced the Department of Transportation, Congress HON. PETER J. VISCLOSKY in the early 1980's that it intended to abandon clearly and explicitly indicated-in the House its policy of imposing LPP's, Congress re­ committee report on the CAB Sunset Act OF INDIANA sponded by directing, in the legislative history (House Report No. 98-793)-that we intended IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Civil Aeronautics Board Sunset Act of DOT to continue to impose LPP's in merger 1984, that LPP's should continue to be im­ cases. Despite this directive, DOT's recent de­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 posed. Regrettably, the Department of Trans­ cisions in airline mergers and similar cases in­ Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, February 16, portation, which now has this responsibility, dicates a continuing unwillingness to impose 1987, marks the 69th anniversary of the es­ has failed to follow this directive and for this LPP's. tablishment of the independent Republic of reason it has been necessary to go forward The basic policy DOT has repeatedly an­ Lithuania. For the next 22 years the Lithuani­ with legislation mandating that LPP's be im­ nounced in the merger and acquisition deci­ an people experienced freedom. During this posed. sions it has rendered to date is that LPP's will time, the Lithuanians took advantage of their Adequate protection of airline employees is independence. A land reform program was a critical part of airline deregulation. When we not be imposed "unless it is necessary to pre­ successfully instituted, industrialization pro­ passed the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, vent labor strife that could disrupt the national gressed and education became available to we recognized that deregulation would impose air transportation system." In a deregulated the masses. Additionally, Lithuanian culture penalties on companies which were ineffi­ system, it is unlikely that labor strife arising flourished. Writers found inspiration in the na­ ciently managed or companies which mis­ out of a merger would disrupt the national air tional folklore of their country and achieve­ judged what the public wanted. At the same transportation system since other carriers are ments were made in opera and music. time, we wanted to be sure that airline em- free to provide any domestic services affected We are all painfully aware, however, that . ployees would not be required to carry too by a strike. DOT has stated that it will decide this independence was short-lived. In 1940, great a portion of the penalties or burdens of whether to impose LPP's on a case-by-case Soviet troops marched in, forced the coalition deregulation. For this reason, the 1978 Airline basis. However, in reality, the standard DOT is government to resign and in its place empow­ Deregulation Act included labor protective pro­ using is highly unlikely to result in LPP's ever ered a Soviet monitored government. Today, visions providing, first, that dislocated employ­ being imposed. Lithuania remains under the control of the ees are entitled to financial benefits if there is Thus, the Departments of Labor and Trans­ Soviet Union. a finding by the Civil Aeronautics Board-or portation have refused to follow existing stat­ Our Nation has never recognized the forced since 1985, by the Department of Transporta­ utes and explicit congressional directives de­ incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet tion-that the employees lost his or her job signed to ensure that airline employees would Union; instead, we maintain diplomatic rela­ because of deregulation. The second labor not be required to bear an unfair share of the tions with representatives of the former inde­ protection contained in the 1978 law provided costs of deregulation. The bill I am introducing pendent government. It is important that the that dislocated airline employees have the today will help restore the balance which Con­ Lithuanian peope know that we support their right of first hire on other airlines. gress thought it had previously established be- 3322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 tween management freedom and employee airline employees. In reality, if any airline em­ enumerates several factors that have caused rights. ployees lost jobs as a result of a merger-and our export problem and indirectly suggests the This bill requires the Department of Trans­ in most mergers the carriers promise that need tor a strong U.S. policy to maintain and portation to impose LPP's when it approves there will be no loss of jobs-it would be the expand agricultural exports. I commend this airline mergers or similar transactions. Imposi­ most junior, lowest paid employees, since in editorial to the attention of my colleagues. tion of LPP's would be required in any case in the airline industry furloughs are based on se­ The editorial follows: which the transaction would tend to cause re­ niority. Under the LPP's historically imposed ductions in employment or adversely affect by CAB, employees in their first year of serv­ [From the Omaha World-Herald, Feb. 3, 1987] working conditions, including seniority. It is im­ ice do not receive any financial benefits and portant to note that LPP's will not be required employees with between 1 and 2 years of se­ WORLD SURPLUS OF GRAIN REMAINS A MAJOR if DOT finds that the projected cost of LPP's niority receive 6 months compensation. If any BARRIER would outweigh the benefits of the merger or financial benefit payments are required by a Even with the weaker dollar, which makes acquisition. merger, they would be likely to go to these U.S. products more affordable in some other When this bill was considered in the 99th less senior employees. countries, relatively few indicators support Congress some airlines argued that because The benefits which employees are likely to the hope of an imminent export-driven agri­ the airlines have been deregulated it is unfair receive from LPP's are insignificant compared cultural recovery. Terry Holmes, an Omaha commodities to subject the airlines to special labor relations to the "Golden Parachutes" which protect top requirements different from those governing broker, said recently that the world grain airline management. Many of these executive surplus is a bigger factor in the export out­ other industries. However, although our gener­ level contracts provide several years pay for al approach has been to treat the deregulated look than the weaker dollar. executives whose annual salaries are well in "The world is awash in grain," he said. airlines in the same manner as other indus­ excess of $100,000. In some cases, these "Everybody's looking for export markets. tries, we have not been rigid or ideological benefits are available even if an executive The value of the currency is not such a driv­ and we have made exceptions where special leaves the company voluntarily. Nonmanage­ ing factor as is the terrific supply that circumstances exist. In many instances the ment employees are certainly entitled to bene­ exists around the world.'' airlines have supported these decisions. For fits which are a mere fraction of those paid to Furthermore, not every other country can example, under the CAB Sunset Act, the anti­ top executives. afford to buy U.S. grain. The dollar has de­ trust implications of airlines agreements and In sum, the bill I have introduced would re­ clined against the West German mark and mergers are reviewed by the Department of quire the continuation of a merger LPP policy the Japanese yen, but it remains relatively Transportation rather than the Department of which was followed by the CAB for many high against the currencies of most Third Justice which handles antitrust issues for years and which Congress directed the De­ World countries. Some of the countries that other industries. Additionally, DOT may au­ need grain can't afford it. partment of Transportation to continue. Re­ Favorable weather and high export subsi­ thorize airlines to implement an agreement or quiring merger LPP's is the least we can do to merger that violates the antitrust laws in dies in the past few years have been among reverse the refusal of the Departments of the factors in the increasing stockpiles of cases where there are overriding transporta­ Labor and Transportation to afford airline em­ tion needs to be met. some grain-exporting nations. In addition, ployees the protections which Congress in­ Third World nations such as China, India Furthermore, the Department of Transporta­ tended them to have. These protections are and Saudi Arabia, using improved plant va­ tion has given the airlines the right to sell op­ particularly needed to mitigate the sometimes rieties and techniques, have dramatically re­ erating rights, sometimes worth millions of dol­ harsh effects on employees on mergers. We duced their dependence on foreign suppli­ lars, at four major airports. These operating must do everything possible to reverse the ers. rights were given to the airlines at no cost. disregard of the Departments of Transporta­ Nebraskans who toured Europe recently Few airlines have objected to the DOT regula­ tion and Labor of the interests and future live­ as part of the Leadership Education Action tions allowing them to sell these rights. Legis­ lihood of employees and the refusal of these Development program had an opportunity lation will be introduced to reverse the DOT Departments to carry out the clear legislative to see the grain trade issue from a different policy, but even if this legislation passes, it is intent now on the books. perspective. Nearly everywhere the Nebras­ not likely to be retroactive and thus, will not kans went in Europe, they encountered evi­ recapture windfall profits already realized from dence of a desire to reduce grain purchases the sale of slots. OUR TROUBLED FARM from the United States. In short, when it has been required for na­ ECONOMY Becoming agriculturally self-sufficient, tional transportation policy, we have been will­ they were told, is a goal for Communist countries. The Common Market like the ing to treat the airlines differently than other HON. DOUG BEREUTER United States, has problems finding ways to industries. We should follow the same ap­ OF NEBRASKA market its agricultural surpluses. proach in dealing with the special problems IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Doug Fritz of Verdon, Neb., was one created for airline employees by the wave of member of the group that toured Europe. mergers which deregulation has encouraged. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 After talking with officials in the Common I also believe that airlines opposing LPP's Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, the large de­ Market, Poland and the Soviet Union, Fritz have greatly exaggerated the costs and bur­ cline in U.S. agricultural exports since 1981 said, he reached the conclusion that U.S. dens which LPP's are likely to impose. One has been one of the major factors contributing farmers can't "export ourselves out of a important labor protection provision provides to our troubled farm economy. A recent USDA grain reserve problem." that integration of seniority lists should be ac­ study emphasizes how rural areas in the Things can change, however, crop failures complished by agreement between the carri­ United States have been severely affected by have been known to occur in the Ukraine. ers and employees, or if this cannot be ac­ the deterioration of the market for U.S. agri­ Drought is a chronic problem in parts of complished, by binding arbitration. This provi­ cultural exports. According to the USDA, at sub-Saharan Africa. Wars, depressions, storms, untimely frosts, plant epidemics and sion only establishes fair and objective proce­ least eight counties in my State of Nebraska poor management in other countries have dures for the integration of seniority lists and have 50 percent or more of their total farm caused demand for U.S. grain to increase at should not be burdensome to the airlines. sales geared directly toward export oriented various times in the past and could do so Other LPP's provide financial relief for dis­ crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans. A again. Economic changes and government placed employees. Some airlines have majority of Nebraska· farmers depend on farm policies can affect price and demand here claimed that these requirements would impose exports and the condition of the export market and abroad. astronomical costs. However, I am not aware can make the difference between having a For now, reality is that a number of of any evidence showing that the LPP's rou­ viable or nonviable rural economy. former grain-buying nations have displayed tinely imposed by the Civil Aeronautics Board As this body considers trade legislation this both the desire to become agriculturally ever resulted in any substantial cost to the air­ year, it is important to develop initiatives that self-sufficient and the ability to achieve lines. The airlines' exaggerated estimates of are proagriculture and proexport in order to that goal. Their success is profoundly af­ the costs of LPP's were developed by using assist our troubled farm economy. The follow­ fecting the conditions under which U.S. the salaries of the most senior and highly paid ing editorial from the Omaha World-Herald farmers must operate. February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3323 GOVERNOR DEUKMEJIAN strong desire of the United States to have a that has oppressed the people and a govern­ SPEAKS OUT ON BEHALF OF friendly location, strategic location, in that ment that has carried out such atrocious ARMENIANS part of the world for us to maintain our types of massacres and genocide. military and other presence in that part of the world. So that desire, apparently, of our HON. RICHARD H. LEHMAN Government to want to maintain as strong DR. DONALD MACDONALD OF CALIFORNIA of a relationship with Turkey as possible, I NAMED DIRECTOR OF WHITE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES think, has been the barrier, the roadblock HOUSE DRUG ABUSE POLICY to the United States taking a stronger posi­ OFFICE Wednesday, February 11, 1987 tion and working, seeking to open up what Mr. LEHMAN of California. Mr. Speaker, I would be substantive types of discussions would like to take this opportunity to share and negotiations with the Government of HON. C.W. BILL YOUNG with my colleagues excerpts from an interview Turkey. OF FLORIDA I also know that our friends in the Greek by Harut Sassounian, the editor of the Califor­ community feel the same way, and they are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nia Courier, with the distinguished Governor very disappointed again because of current Wednesday, February 11, 1987 from the State of California, the Honorable policy in the current stand of the United George Deukmejian. I know I am speaking on States Government as it relates to Turkey. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ behalf of many Armenians living in this coun­ SASSOUNIAN. Almost two years ago, in dent Reagan has appointed Dr. Donald Mac­ try when I say I am grateful for Governor April of 1985, you wrote a letter to Presi­ donald to be his special assistant for drug Deukmejian's dedication to seeing that the Ar­ dent Reagan asking him to make a state­ abuse policy and director of the White House menian genocide is one day recognized by ment recognizing the Armenian Genocide. Drug Abuse Policy Office. - He promised to look into it, but nothing has the U.S. Government. There is no more fitting individual to head happened. Will you follow up with him on our Nation's war against drugs. Dr. Macdonald On February 4, I introduced House Joint this? Resolution 132 which commemorates the Ar­ DEUKMEJIAN. I will try at every opportuni­ is a personal friend and constituent of mine menian Genocide of 1915 and designates ty that I have to continue to make the and I know of his lifelong work and dedication April 24, 1987, as a national day of remem­ President and others in the- Federal Govern­ to educate our Nation's youth and adults brance of this tragic event. House Joint Reso­ ment aware of the necessity that, whether it about the serious threat drugs pose to our lution 132 honors those who lost their lives as is involving Armenians or any other nation­ Nation and our society. Prior to this appoint- . a result of the atrocities and pays respect to ality, that the policy of this country should ment, he has served our Nation as Adminis­ the survivors. I hope Governor Deukmejian's always be that there must be recognition trator of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental given to the human rights of people around Health Administration. comments shed light on the importance of our the world and there must be a recognition cause. that we cannot allow the world to forget The 99th Congress dealt decisively with the SASSOUNIAN. Governor, let's begin with a what has happened in the past when in­ issue by enacting landmark legislation that few questions about your father's back­ stances in history have shown us that there provides more than $3 billion to finance a ground. We understand that your father are unfortunately people and governments multifaceted approach to combat drug abuse. was an Armenian nationalist back in the old that have been from time to time in power It was a tough response to a difficult problem. country. Where were your parents born? that have subjugated thousands, sometimes In naming Dr. Macdonald to set our Nation's DEUKMEJIAN. My father was born in millions of people, and have carried out un­ course in this battle, President Reagan has Aintab and my mother was actually born in heard of types of atrocities and that this provided an equally tough response by select­ Erzeroum although her family was Arap­ can be repeated, and it is being repeated, kertsi. They came to this country separate­ even today in some parts of the world, in ing a distinguished leader who is up to the ly. They were not married when they came Cambodia, Afghanistan, and other places. challenge and responsibility of standing at the to this country. My father, you say, has a So, the policy of our country-because our forefront of our Nation's effort to rid our reputation of a strong nationalist. He cer­ Nation is based on freedom and liberty-has homes, our schools, and our streets of the tainly favored the concept and the idea of constantly got to be that we have to make deadly scourge caused by illegal drugs. an independent Armenian nation. I wouldn't the world aware that these things hap­ Mr. Speaker, in Dr. Macdonald, we have a say he was one of the stronger leaders that pened, they are continuing to happen and willing and capable partner in our efforts to have been recognized in recent Armenian we should take a strong, strong stand combat drug abuse and I can say on behalf of history, but certainly, that was the direc­ against that. my colleagues that we welcome the opportu­ tion, the leanings that he had. SAssouNIAN. If you were in the position of He was, as most men at the time that President Reagan, how would you handle nity to work together in this regard with such a came here and who didn't know the lan­ the Armenian-Turkish issue? qualified and dedicated public official. guage here, didn't know the American cus­ DEUKMEJIAN. I would certainly open dis­ toms and culture, went through that period cussion. Here we have a nation that we have of making that adjustment. He had to work diplomatic relations with. They are an ally FIGHTING ADULT ILLITERACY hard. It was quite a struggle. Also, at that in the NATO alliance. And they, of course, same time, this country was going through look to the United States also for a tremen­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI the depression period. That made it more dous amount of support. So I think that difficult. He and then my mother went to they would not be able to refuse to open OF NEW YORK work when I was six years of age. So in those kinds of discussions. I think it would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES order to support the family; the two togeth­ be, in the course of things, the policy of this er did have to work and struggle very, very government to get Turkey to recognize what Wednesday, February 11, 1987 hard. They, of course, did that for their their obligation is in terms of the Armenian Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, an article recently children. question. appeared in the New York Daily News regard­ SAssoUNIAN. You have demonstrated a SAssouNIAN. As you know, Governor, ing New York City's efforts to combat adult il­ strong feeling on the issue of the Armenian many Armenians hope or look forward to literacy. I believe the first paragraph accurate­ Genocide. In your opinion, what should the one day to see the establishment of their United States Government do to bring historic homeland. Do you support the ly reflects this widespread problem. "The Turkey to recognize the Genocide? notion of an independent Armenian Repub­ good news is that Johnny can read. The bad DEUKMEJIAN. I think the United States lic? news is that Johnny's mom and dad can't." Government should make an active effort to DEUKMEJIAN. I certainly feel that if the This statement dramatically illustrates the open direct discussions with the Turkish Armenian people in that part of the world, problem of adult illiteracy. While estimates Government on this issue. It's been a big if they want to have a homeland, and I vary as to the number of adults who are illiter­ disappointment to me that our own Govern­ would assume that they do, certainly, I ate, functionally illiterate, or marginally illiter­ ment has failed to do that, especially recog­ think they should be permitted to have ate, one fact remains clear: The low level of nizing that there are leaders in our Federal their own independent nation. I feel the Government, including the President him­ same about any nationality. There is no sub­ adult literacy is a serious problem which nega­ self, who are very much aware of the Arme­ stitute for freedom, liberty, and independ­ tively impacts the lives of tens of millions of nian Question. ence. It was not meant to be that free men adults. Apparently, what has dominated our and women should be under the control and We, as a Nation, can no longer afford to policy in the United States has been the domination: especially that of a government ignore the enormous potential of this popula- 3324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 tion. The costs to society, in terms of public this matter is all the more courageous when Ziska, an employee of IBM on the effective­ assistance programs, loss of productivity, and we consider the fact that the drug traffickers ness of the PIC Program. a weakened economy, are astounding. Con­ in Colombia have murdered anyone who The speech follows: sider for example that we are spending more dares to speak out or take direct action EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PIC PROGRAM than $6 billion annually on welfare and unem­ against their drug trafficking activities. Such Our program year 1985 which ended on ployment compensation due to illiteracy. Con­ actions began in April 1984, when the Minister June 30th was an exciting year for all of us sider that the percentage of people with less of Justice, and antidrug crusader Rodrigo Lara at the PIC. We experienced an unprecedent­ than 6 years education on public assistance is Bonilla was murdered. Since that time numer­ .ed growth in the number of trainees placed twice that of people with 6 to 8 years of ous judges, a supreme court judge, over 300 in private sector jobs and in the number of schooling and is four times that of people with police officers and dozens of newspaper re­ employers hiring personnel from PIC train­ at least some high school. In my home State porters have been killed as they sought to rid ing programs. of New York for example, figures show us that Colombia of the power and influence of the Last year at this luncheon we reported to you that we had placed 4,100 trainees the total financial impact of literacy programs drug traffickers. during our second year of operation and we would provide a net gain of over $24 million The Government of the United States must set a goal of 4,500 placements for the new when considering the number of adults re­ continue to work with the Government of Co­ year. I am very pleased to report to you moved from public assistance programs and lombia in seeking to end the menace of drug today that we significantly exceeded that the taxable income generated from these trafficking from that region of the world. We goal by placing 5,220 trainees in private adults who become employed, or receive can do so by continuing to provide the techni­ sector jobs throughout Dade and Monroe salary increases. cal and financial resources so desperately Counties. Another significant achievement Yet I firmly believe that financial motivation needed by the Colombian Government at this is the phenomenal expansion of our employ­ er base which was increased by 38% as more should not determine our Government's re­ crucial time, and by taking forceful actions at than 2,000 employers turned to the PIC to sponsibility to educate these citizens. Our home both through increased law enforce­ help them meet their diverse personnel Government, this Nation, desperately needs ment and interdiction and increased emphasis needs. the contributions these people can give us. on drug education and prevention programs. In the short three years in which the PIC We must be prepared to concentrate our ef­ The Antidrug Act of 1986, provided us with a has been in operation, 4,700 employers have forts on enabling our citizens to become liter­ blueprint for action, and Congress must work hired more than 12,000 trainees. Today, the ate, and rely on the minds of our people to to ensure that recently proposed reductions majority of these individuals are leading lead us from the many and varied problems for fiscal 1988, in the areas of education, law productive lives, earning a good living with opportunities for advancement. We're very facing this country today. Education and our enforcement, interdiction, treatment and reha­ proud of the PIC's significant impact on the Nation's future are synonymous-and every­ bilitation, and the international programs of community and we're equally proud of the one's responsibility. the Department of State's Bureau of Interna­ private sector's commitment to this vital I urge all of my colleagues to join in efforts tional Narcotics Matters [INM] are quickly re­ and important effort. You have come to educate the people of this Nation. The stored. through for us and your presence here health of our Nation, and our economy, is de­ Cooperation in the war against drugs is a today proves it. pendent on people like Johnny's mom and two-way street. The tribute we pay to the Gov­ We on the board of the PIC and our ad­ ministrative staff work to ensure that the dad. And Johnny's mom and dad can't read. ernment of Colombia must not be jeopardized PIC serves important dual purposes for this by our failure to do all that we can here at community: First, as an effective provider of home. A NOTE OF APPRECIATION TO employment and training services for eco­ nomically disadvantaged south Floridians, THE GOVERNMENT OF COLOM­ and secondly, as an effective provider of BIA EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PIC trained, motivated and dedicated entry-level PROGRAM workers. We have also continued to offer HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN hiring incentives to employers who opted to OF NEW YORK HON. CLAUDE PEPPER provide on-the-job training. These wage re­ imbursements totaled more than $3.3 mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF FLORIDA lion during the past year. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Another significant PIC achievement de­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 signed to meet the needs of our business Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to express community is expansion of the existing job my gratitude and congratulations to the Gov­ Mr. PEPPER. Mr. Speaker, in recent years assistance center in Homestead and the ernment of Colombia on its role in the recent many people in Government have advocated opening of new JAC's in Little Havana and capture and extradition to the United States of the cutback or termination of valuable social just last month, in Opa-Locka. The JAC's cocaine kingpin Carlos Lehder Rivas. Lehder, service programs. This indiscriminate curtail­ are a one-stop employment and training who has amassed a fortune as one of the ment of valuable programs will come back to service centers which thoroughly evaluate three major cocaine traffickers in the world, haunt us in the future. I understand that fool­ the job readiness of applicants, and if needed, provide them with appropriate em­ will stand trial in Florida where he is currently ish spending will not solve national problems. ployability skills training, and then make re­ under indictment for numerous drug trafficking On the other hand, neither will spending little ferrals to either direct placement services and racketeering violations. For years he has or no money. As policymakers we must be with the Job Service of Florida or to one of played a central role in the Medellin cartel willing to fund the programs which have our training programs. which is said to be responsible for 80 percent proven their cost effectiveness. Job training In addition to serving the needs of em­ of the cocaine currently smuggled into the programs can be developed which generate ployers we have also addressed the vital em­ United States. Lehders' capture and extradi­ more tax receipts than they cost. Take for in­ ployment and training needs of youth in tion to the United States was made possible stance the PIC Program which operates job this community. This year we provided 5,600 economically disadvantaged youth because of the tremendous courage of Co­ training and placement services in my con­ with meaningful summer jobs in the public lombian President Virgilio Barcos Vargas, as gressional district. This program has been tre­ and private sectors. We also joined with the well as the courage demonstrated by the Co­ mendously successful. In existence for only Job Service of Florida, partners for youth lombian police and military forces. the past 3 years it has placed over 12,000 in­ and jobs for Miami in spearheading The capture and extradition of Lehder could dividuals with over 4,700 employers. This out­ "Summer Jobs for Youth '86," a private well prove to be a major step in helping to standing feat was done while returning to the sector initiative sponsored by my company, break the producer-to-user chain which has Government $1.26 in taxes for every dollar it IMB and by Citicorp savings which netted seen cocaine, in all of its varied forms, spent. We must always look at the long term an additional 2,100 employment opportuni­ ties for youth with private sector employers. become the drug of choice for drug abusers impact of our decisions on society when ex­ This gave us a total of 7,700 summer jobs around the world. This type of cooperation be­ amining which programs to cut for short-term for youth. tween our two Governments is crucial to the expediency. 1985 was a year of bold initiatives for the success of our mutual fight against drug traf­ Mr. Speaker, please allow me to commend PIC. This spring we began to operate as ficking and drug abuse. Colombia's action in to my colleagues a speech given by Mr. David part of our summer youth initiatives an in- February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS novative dropout prevention program that ings to taxpayers. Our basic premise is that Mr. Speaker, I include the following citation will span as many as four years. when funds are invested to develop the nec­ in the RECORD of today's proceedings: Current figures show that in Dade County essary skills to increase the productivity of nearly 30% of eighth graders will drop out the labor force, this will result in greater Whereas George is one of four children of school before reaching high school grad­ profit margins for employers, increased born to Scott & Georgina Gerringer. Kim, uation. This new PIC Program initiative is earnings for workers, increased taxes paid the youngest of two children, was born to designed to pilot-test an approach to reduce to the Treasury and decreased dependency Gerald & Thais Stoddard. this high dropout rate while also reducing on public assistance. Whereas shortly after meeting Kim in the alarmingly high unemployment rate for The successes achieved during this past Pueblo, Colorado George left town in pur­ out-of-school youth, which is put at over year are indicative of this kind of return on suit of the American dream. He arrived in 60% in many depressed south Florida neigh­ investment. For every dollar invested tax­ Las Vegas in October 1961. Having fourteen borhoods. payers in PIC training programs in Dade/ years experience as a carpet mechanic, it Working closely with Edison, Miami, Jack­ Monroe Counties in PY 1985-$1.26 was gen­ was natural for George to seek work in that son and Key West Sr. High Schools, we erated. That equals a total of $3.2 million field. He worked with Carrington Carpet as a identified approximately 1,000 economically net gained to taxpayers. I am sure you will retail installer. The death of Mr. Carrington disadvantaged potential dropouts, using the agree, that represents an excellent return resulted in George's promotion to foreman school criteria we made them aware of the on investment. and Director of Sales. Success in these en­ benefits available to them if they remained This past year 1985, the PIC continued to deavors led to the establishment of Ger­ in school through graduation. Incentives invest its resources to not only effectively ringer Carpet Service in 1963. were offered in the form of guaranteed serve our community by providing special Whereas in the interim, a long distance summer employment, a permanent private training programs targeted at youth but romance ensued resulting in George and sector job upon graduation, part-time em­ also older workers, and the handicapped. Kim's marriage on February 14, 1962. ployment during the school year when To serve the employment and training Whereas through hard work and presis­ needed, and academic assistance. In addition needs of a community as diverse and dynam­ tance the Gerringer operation flourished through our implementing cities in schools, ic as south Florida is a great challenge. I be­ and this company has carpeted all of the we have been able to reduce the counseling lieve that in our first three years under the major hotels in the state of Nevada as well load for our participants to 1 counselor per Job Training Partnership Act, the PIC has as some of the most prestigious hotels 30-40 young people from the 1 counselor per been meeting that challenge head-on. The throughout the world. 300 to 400 normally in the school. We have success achieved is in large measure due to Whereas Kim has always gravitated already seen this have a significant impact. the support that you, our employer commu­ toward the medical profession. Over the Earlier in the year another innovative pro­ nity, has demonstrated during these years. I years she has been employed as a dental as­ gram serving high school graduates and would also like to recognize our great work­ sistant, a hospital admission clerk, and a dropouts from the· Larchmont Gardens ing relationship with our partners, the nurses' aid at Sunrise Hospital. Kim was the public housing project was operated on a members of the board of the South Florida first president of the Student Nursing Asso­ pilot basis. Employment and Training Consortium. And ciation at UNLV, graduating in the Universi­ The program was designed to reduce last, but not least, our success is in large ty's School of Nursing's initial class. Kim is youth unemployment among blacks which part due to the expertise of business and currently pursuing her masters degree in has reached crisis· proportions in Dade community leaders who comprise the PIC counseling. County. This was accomplished by locating board and who have contributed countless Whereas the Gerringer's children were our staff and training programs in the hous­ hours providing guidance in ensuring that educated at Bishop Gorman. Sabrina is cur­ ing project itself. We enhanced the employ­ our programs continue to serve the interest rently a senior. Their son, Lynn, died as a ability of participating youth, developed pri­ of the entire community. result of an automobile accident in April vate sector employment opportunities for Our public/private sector partnership is 1983, while he was junior at Gorman. A me­ them, and provided them with much needed working well for all south Floridians. With morial scholarship has been established in support during and after training. The suc­ three successful years under our belts, we his memory to fund post-high school educa­ cess achieved by this pilot program prompt­ now look with confidence to meeting the tional expenses of Gorman graduates who ed us to operate a similar program in challenges of the new years to come. You've demonstrate financial need. Miami's Liberty Square. We found that we given us that confidence, your support has Whereas the Gerringers have been active were-outgunned, outmanned, out muscled made it all possible. Thank you. members of the Bishop Gorman High by thieves, vandals, and drug pushers-oper­ School Community. Kim served as the Vice ating just outside Liberty Square. So we are President of the Booster Club (1981-82), now involved with many other organiza­ COMMEMORATING KIM AND and has been involved in orchestrating tions-United Way Citizens against Crime, GEORGE GERRINGER UPON major school dances and a myriad of other State attorney's office and others to develop THEIR INCLUSION INTO THE activities. In addition to her involvement at a program-that will through a coordination ORDER OF THE GAEL Gorman, Kim is on the Speakers Bureau of of all of these resource substantially impact MADD and is the co-leader and editor of the environment in a housing development. HON. JAMES H. BILBRAY the newsletter for Compassionate Friends, We plan to go back to inner city. an organization that is attentive to the The PIC has also assumed responsibility OF NEVADA needs of grieving parents and siblings. for the Job Service of Florida in Dade and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES George has served on the Bishop Gorman Advisory Board, as well as a two year term Monroe Counties. We have developed a Wednesday, February 11, 1987 joint plan for coordinating JTPA programs as president of the Booster Club ( 1982- and the job service. Our objective is to in­ Mr. BILBRAY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today with 1984). crease the efficiency and effectiveness of great admiration and respect to pay tribute to Resolved, we salute George and Kim Ger­ both programs to better serve all the em­ my good friends, Kim and George Gerringer. ringer for their generous support of Bishop ployment needs of you-the employers of Gorman High School, their caring and gen­ On Tuesday, February 24, Kim and George erosity that they have shown to the stu­ Dade and Monroe Counties. will be included in the Order of the Gael We're proud of these and many other ac­ dents who have passed through this during ceremonies conducted by Bishop campus. Thank you for being a part of our complishments achieved during the past Gorman High School. year. This fall the National Alliance of Busi­ community. ness named Florida the national leader in During the fifth annual "Knight of the Gael" JTPA programs. As the State's largest pri­ ceremonies, Kim and George will receive a vate industry council, we believe our PIC well-deserved honor for their many contribu­ MAJ. GEN. DONALD D. BROWN greatly contributed to Florida's nationwide tions as outstanding citizens of Nevada and leadership status. This is particularly evi­ Las Vegas. Kim and George are a rare find, HON. VIC FAZIO dent in the awarding of $451,704 in incen­ dedicating themselves to serving Nevada's OF CALIFORNIA tive funds by the State to the PIC of south youth. They have given of their time, of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Florida for not only meeting, but exceeding energy, and of their resources toward the bet­ all performance standards, and an impor­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 tant footnote, this was the largest amount terment of youth in a measure beyond the call of incentive funds awarded by the State to of duty. Mr. FAZIO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to any PIC in Florida. Mr. Speaker, I indeed am fortunate to have share with my colleagues the achievements of We view job training as an investment in the distinct privilege and rare honor to call Maj. Gen. Donald D. Brown, commander of human resources resulting in long term sav- Kim and George my friends. the 22d Air Force, Military Airlift Command at 3326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 Travis Air Force Base, who will retire on May Major General Brown has received numerous and North America. As Alaska's sole repre­ 1, 1987, after almost 32 years of accom­ distinctions and awards. He has been decorat- sentative in the House of Representatives, I plished military service. I am proud to pay trib­ ed with the Distinguished Service Medal, remember the battle over the construction of ute to a man who has honored this great Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster, Dis- the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, now supplying country with over three decades of dedication tinguished Flying Cross with one oak leaf clus- · over 20 percent of America's domestic pro­ and achievements, in what has been a truly ter, Bronze Star Medal, Meritorious Service duction of oil daily. It was said that wildlife distinguished military career. Medal, Air Medal, Air Medal with four oak leaf populations would suffer and environmental General Brown was born August 1, 1931, in clusters, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award degradation would occur. In fact, after billions Montreal, Canada. He earned his bachelor of Ribbon with "V" device and two oak leaf clus- of barrels of oil and tens of billions of dollars arts degree from Columbia University, and it ters and Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross in development investments, the caribou pop­ was there that he was commissioned through with palm. ulation on the North Slope of Alaska has tri- the Reserve Officer Training Corps Program in Major General Brown and his wife Joan pied, and other wildlife species have been 1955 .. His further scholastic endeavors includ­ have three children: Cathy, Jim, and Nancy. thriving. Truly, the adjacent Prudhoe Bay ex- ed a master degree in business administration 1 am honored to have had this chance to perience has proven to those interested in from Syracuse University through the Air pay tribute to Maj. Gen. Donald D. Brown, and balancing fish and wildlife protection with eco­ Force Institute of Technology in 1965; Squad­ to share with you the achievements of an out- nomic activity that economic activity can coex­ ron Officer School, Air War College, Advanced standing officer and exemplary citizen. ist and in fact, enhance the environment, if Management Program at the University of adequate environmental standards are re­ Pittsburgh; and in 1981 he attended the Exec­ quired. Our bill would ensure the standards for utive Program in National and International ARCTIC COASTAL PLAIN environmental protection would remain high. Security at Harvard. LEASING ACT OF 1987 Some would argue that there is no need to Upon graduation from pilot training in 1956 develop this area now; that we should wait at Reese Air Force Base, TX, General Brown HON. DON YOUNG until we need this resource. The truth is that was given his first operational assignment in OF ALASKA this oil will not come to market until the late the 18th Air Transport Squadron of the Military IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Air Transport Service at McGuire Air Force 1990's because of the severe operating condi­ Base. It was during this time in New Jersey Wednesday, February 11, 1987 tions associated with the Arctic and the long that General Brown flew North Atlantic routes Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, today I lead times required to adequately insure the in C-11 S's. Since then, General Brown has and a number of my colleagues who are con­ environment is protected as the oil is devel­ served as an instructor with the 1707th Air cerned about economic growth, energy securi­ oped. To wait until the public is clamoring for Transport Wing from 1962-64 and base ty and American jobs are introducing legisla­ oil supplies is to ensure that the Coastal Plain supply officer in the years 1966-68. Upon tion which would authorize and direct the Sec­ will become an environmental "cost of doing completion of transition training in C-123's, he retary of the Interior to competitively lease the business" for complying with public pressure. was assigned to the 315th Operations Wing at enormous oil and gas resources of the Coast­ We in Alaska have seen in the past the con­ Phan Rang Air Base, Republic of Vietnam al Plain area of the Arctic National Wildlife sequences of rapid development responding where he served as both squadron chief and Refuge in my State of Alaska. Our actions to national emergency-the . scars from just wing chief of aircrew standardization through when successful will yield billions of dollars of such a program during World War II stand in 1968 and 1969. new economic opportunity for American work­ sharp contrast today to the minimal environ­ In the years that followed his tour of duty in ers throughout Alaska and the United States, mental impact of the logical and environmen­ Southeast Asia, General Brown returned to reduce future needs for insecure energy tally-sound development of Prudhoe Bay.· Ad­ McGuire AFB as a C-141 pilot as well as sources, have a sustained positive influence ditionally, this country is in serious need of serving as commander of the 30th Military Air­ on our national balance of trade problem and new energy sources, despite the effect of the lift Squadron. In 1973, the general transferred increase U.S. national security. current oil oversupply in the world market, and to Military Airlift Commander Headquarters as In 1980, as part of the Alaska National In­ there is every reason to believe that it is not Chief of the Weapon System Support Division terest Lands Conservation Act [ANILCA], the going to get better as we approach the in the Directorate of Supply and finished his Congress directed the Secretary of the Interior 1990's. duty at Scott Air Force Base as director of lo­ to study the Coastal Plain of the Arctic Nation­ Mr. Speaker, the facts are clear. For the gistics plans. General Brown's accomplish­ al Wildlife Refuge located just east of Prudhoe past 20 years, the United States has been ments continued to mount, when in 1976 he Bay on the North Slope of Alaska, for its fish using more oil than it produced. Three-quar­ was assigned as vice commander of the 62d and wildlife values as well as it oil and gas po­ ters of the oil we must have by the year 2000 Military Airlift Wing, McChord AFB, and pro­ tential. The draft study has concluded that the still has to be found. Despite this, domestic moted to commander in July 1977. In 1979 he Coastal Plain may contain as much as 29 bil­ production will decline by a million barrels per returned to Scott AFB, where he saw service lion barrels of oil, clearly making it the largest day or more by the end of this year. A contin­ as Military Airlift Command's assistant deputy potential oil field in the United States. As a ued decline in production, accompanied by chief of staff for operations and deputy. chief point of reference, if such reserves are found even moderate increases in consumption, will of staff for plans, responsible for all long­ in the area, the field size would exceed that of drive imports up substantially. In 1985, imports range planning for the command. General adjacent Prudhoe Bay, which is now the single of crude oil and petroleum products account­ Brown received a promotion to deputy chief of largest oil field ever discovered in North Amer­ ed for only 27 percent of domestic consump­ staff for operations in September 1983, and in ica. tion. Projections indicate that the United this capacity was responsible for all flying op­ At $30 per barrel (a perfectly reasonable States could be importing almost 50 percent erations worldwide. projected price for the late 1990's, the soon­ of its oil in as little as 3 years and as much as Among other things General Brown is an est this oil could be brought to market), this 70 percent by the year 2000. According to the accomplished pilot with over 10,000 flying represents an infusion of close to $1 trillion in American Petroleum Institute, U.S. oil imports hours and 146 combat missions in the Repub­ new wealth to the U.S. economy in oil alone. from the Persian Gulf have increased by 400 lic of Vietnam to his record. His most recent Without development, this same amount percent since last year. American oil re­ achievement is as commander of the 22d Air would be required to buy imported foreign oil, serves-resources for future development­ Force, Military Airlift Command, Travis AFB, which may come with a political pricetag, as have been steadily shrinkjng and are expected CA. General Brown's superb foresight and de­ well. In addition, the Fish and Wildlife Service to hit their lowest level since World War II in 3 termination has enabled MAC to develop a concluded that the extraction of this enor­ years. Employment would be boosted nation­ long-range plan to identify the requirements mous resource could take place without seri­ wide because supplies and services for oper­ for airlift to support the national defensive ous degradation of the habitat of the Coastal ations would come from throughout the United strategy through to the 21st century. Plain. This fact is especially important, be­ States. Depending upon the amount of oil and On May 1, 1983, General Brown was pro­ cause of the importance of the Coastal Plain gas discovered on the Coastal Plain, the moted to major general. For these accom­ to indigenous fish and wildlife populations American Petroleum Institute predicts that na­ plishments, his skill and strength of character, which are important to the people of Alaska tional employment gains could be as many as February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3327 1,021,000 jobs. Petroleum imports represent a untreatable there. If they desire treatment in nardino Shrine Club. And while John certainly significant component of all U.S. imports, the United States, it should not be denied keeps busy with these varied and important costing Americans an average of $1 billion per them for years on end. Inna Maiman's death community activities, I must not fail to mention week. Last year, payments for oil imports is yet another reminder of our need to contin­ his penchant for a round of golf when time amounted to about one-third of the trade defi­ ue to work on behalf of the human rights of all allows. cit. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service, individuals, whether it be religious, social, cul­ Mr. Speaker, I ask that you join me in salut­ production from the Coastal Plain could tural, or medically related. ing John Traver. His immense dedication to reduce dependence on foreign oil and gas by I want to extend my sincerest sympathies to his noble profession is a fine example for all almost 9 percent in the year 2005 and save Naum and Inna's family, both here and in the public servants, and it is with great respect Americans billions of dollars per year. Soviet Union, and to assure them that Inna that I have this opportunity to commend his Mr. Speaker, I anticipate great national in­ will not be forgotten. terest in the nearly $1 trillion in increased eco­ many outstanding achievements in both his nomic activity which will come to the United professional and private life, here in the States if this legislation is adopted. For that JOHN TRAVER HONORED AT Chamber of the House of Representatives. reason I urge my colleagues to join with us in RETIREMENT DINNER this effort to produce new wealth while pro­ tecting the environment. This may be the larg­ HON. JERRY LEWIS U.S. EXPORT CONTROLS: A est jobs bill upon which this Congress will act. OF CALIFORNIA COMPETITIVENESS ISSUE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN MEMORY OF INNA Wednesday, February 11, 1987 HON. MICHAEL G. OXLEY KITROSSKAYA-MEIMAN Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I am OF OHIO most pleased to have this opportunity today to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN recognize a truly remarkable individual, Mr. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 OF NEW YORK John A. Traver. After 30 years of dedicated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service to the California Highway Patrol, Mr. Mr. OXLEY. Mr. Speaker, I welcome the Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Traver has decided to retire. Appropriately, he debate likely to result from Monday's an­ will be honored at a dinner on February 27, of nouncement by Secretary of Commerce Mal­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, the passing of a this year. colm Baldrige that the Reagan administration friend or loved one is always difficult. On Mr. Traver's years with the highway patrol Monday, February 9, 1987, Inna Kitrosskaya­ will be moving to ease U.S. export controls. have been highlighted by many noteworthy Meiman, a Soviet Jewish human rights activ­ There is no question that we must proceed achievements. In 1977, he received his bach­ ist, died in Washington, DC, of a heart attack carefully in this area, so as not to threaten our elor of arts in public service management from brought about by complications from cancer at national security interests by relaxing controls the age of 54. Her death came less than 3 the University of Redlands. He has been too much in the name of competition, but this weeks after her arrival in the United States for awarded his certificate in management by the important question deserves our consideration specialized treatment unavailable in the Soviet State of California Personnel Board. He also in the context of deliberations on trade or Union. Inna's cancer had progressed over the earned his certificate in law enforcement pho­ competitiveness legislation in this session of past several years, and all requests for per­ tography, which was given to him by the the Congress. mission to travel to the West for treatment Kodak Co. Mr. Traver is specially trained in Although some of the administration's pro­ riot and guerrilla warfare and holds the distinc­ were denied until recently. She suffered posed export control reforms do not require tion of having specialized training with the through four operations in the Soviet Union, congressional approval or review, Monday's designed to remove the cancerous tissue at Federal Bureau of Investigation. In addition to these commendable efforts to learn and grow announcement virtually ensures that export the base of her neck. None was completely controls will receive considerable attention in successful, and treatment here was her only in order to better serve the public, John Traver also received terrorist tactic training the Congress because other proposed re­ hope. forms may require legislative action. Inna Meiman, and her husband, Naum through the California Specialized Training In­ It is vitally important to protect our national Meiman, were long-term refuseniks active in stitute. security interests, but it seems equally impor­ the Jewish community in Moscow. Each time Not only has John performed diligently in a they sought permission for Inna to be treated professional capacity, but he has consistently tant that American exporters are viewed as re­ in the West, their request was refused on the contributed to his community through volun­ liable suppliers of goods and services abroad, grounds that Naum was privy to state secrets, teer efforts as well. The San Bernardino and that they are able to compete freely and brought about by his work as a mathematician Chamber of Commerce has especially benefit­ aggressively in foreign markets. decades earlier. Naum Maiman, also a ed from his talents, having served as their am­ According to Secretary Baldrige, some 40 member of the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring bassador by representing the organization at percent of all exported American products re­ Group, was not allowed to accompany Inna to various meetings and functions in the area. quire export licenses. Is that amount exces­ the United States, and so, she made the jour­ Also, he has contributed to the chamber by sive? What are the long- and short-term na­ ney alone. serving on its transportation and beautification tional security implications of such an export Upon her arrival in Washington on January committees. John held the honorable position control policy? 19, 1987, Inna said, "I haven't come to Amer­ of vice president of the War on Crimes Com­ Clearly, in my view, the time has come for ica to die. I have come to America to recover, mission. us to closely review and consider U.S. export though if I'd been allowed to come 3 years The Young Mens' Christian Association, control policy and goals. In light of Secretary ago, my chances would have been better." known as the YMCA, has also profited from Baldrige's announcement Monday and the Mr. Speaker, we are all pained and sad­ Mr. Traver's talents. He has been a member competitiveness drive in the Congress, I sus­ of the board of directors for 8 years and is the dened at this untimely loss. Several col­ pect that many of my colleagues share this leagues and I have requested Soviet Ambas­ current president of the San Bernardino area's view and look forward to continued discussion sador Dubinin to ensure that Naum Meiman six branches. From 1978 to 1980 he acted as of this important national security and Ameri­ and their son are allowed to attend the funeral the charter chairman of the board for the here. We pray that this request will be grant­ YMCA's downtown San Bernardino branch. can competitiveness issue. ed. No one can know whether Inna would Currently, he serves as the president of the have been treated successfully had she been Centurians chapter of the Good Sam Club. In allowed to come to the United States after her addition, John also served as the assistant first request. But we do know that she and State director for this fine organization. He Naum will never again be together. also manages to find time to be a member of There are other men and women in the the noted Masonic Lodge, the California Soviet Union who suffer from various illnesses Peace Officers Association, and the San Ber- 3328 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 A HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TRIBUTE TO HON. CLAIR W. A TRIBUTE TO AUSTIN J. WELCH CLASSIFIED INFORMATION SE­ BURGENER CURITY OFFICE HON. JOSEPH J. DioGUARDI HON. WILLIAM M. THOMAS OF NEW YORK HON. GERALD 8.H. SOLOMON OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, February 11, 1987 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Mr. D10GUARDI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay special tribute to a distinguished and Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Mr. THOMAS of California. Mr. Speaker, on dedicated public administrator, Austin J. behalf of the California Republican congres­ Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, the Congress · Welch, who passed away last December 28, sional delegation, it is my distinct honor today is a vital part of the Government of the Ameri­ 1986. to pay tribute to a former Member of this body can people, and as such it is a tempting target Austin J. Welch was a 25-year resident of who has served his State and Nation with the for foreign espionage agencies, particularly the village of Pleasantville, NY, where he utmost responsibility and integrity. those of the Communist states. The FBI has served with numerous national, State and Clair W. Burgener can be described in three long known of efforts by Communist countries local governmental organizations. He was ap­ to gain access to those classified materials simple, yet meaningful words, "A Great Ameri­ pointed village managerI clerk of the village of provided to the Congress. Although the can." He served his country in World War II Pleasantville in 1961, where he demonstrated agency is unable, for security reasons, to pub­ and again in Korea. During World War II, 2d a profound concern for the welfare of the licly report on most of those cases of coerced Lieutenant Burgener was a navigator in the community. U.S. Air Corps serving in the Pacific theater. In recruitment of congressional employees, we Even though retired from the village of 1945, he was awarded the Air Medal. are aware of several cases in the last few Pleasantville in 1971, Austin Welch remained From 1947 through 1975, he owned the years in which East German and Soviet espio­ active in the community. As a dedicated advo­ Clair W. Burgener Co. in San Diego. He main­ nage agencies have attempted to penetrate cate for senior citizens, he continued to write tained 1O offices with 100 employees in his a column called "Senior Forum" in the local the Congress. In one case, an American citi­ real estate business. zen seeking employment with a Foreign Af­ newspaper. In spite of the time demand from his busi­ Despite being afflicted with blindness and fairs subcommittee was found to be working ness, Clair Burgener served 24 years in elect­ for Communist German intelligence. In 1980, suffering a stroke, Mr. Welch displayed his ed public office. From 1953 to 1957, he was a continued courage and dedication over the an American citizen working with the KGB at­ city councilman in San Diego. He served as last 2 % years of life by working and writing up tempted unsuccessfully to obtain employment vice mayor for that city in 1955 to 1956. He until his death. with a congressional Intelligence Committee. was a California State assemblyman from On Friday, February 20, the northeast coun­ In 1982, a congressional employee reported 1963-66, and a State senator from 1967 to cil of Senior Citizens of Westchester will honor to the FBI an attempt by Soviet intelligence to 1972. And from 1973 to 1983, Clair Burgener the memory of Mr. Welch. I would like my col­ recruit him as an agent. Fortunately, in the served as a Member of the U.S. House of leagues in the House to join me in recognizing last case the employee worked with the FBI to Representatives. Austin J. Welch's faithful dedication and con­ thwart the Soviets' efforts. And again, in spite of enormous demands tributions to his country and community, and No one has any way of knowing how many on his time, Clair Burgener was involved in his to express our profound sympathy and condo­ of our Nation's most valuable secrets may community. The list of his civic and community lences to his wife, Frieda, and surviving family. have been divulged right here in the Halls of activities is too long to name here today. Congess. Do we really know how many se­ So, no one could have faulted him had he crets may be escaping our grasp even as we chosen to rest after such a long record of NONSMOKERS HEALTH debate here today? service. But that simply is not his nature. Clair PROTECTION ACT OF 1987 There is an action that this Congress can Burgener was called to serve his party again take to immediately respond to this problem, last year by Governor Deukmejian in the HON. DON RITIER an action that would better educate our staffs middle of an election cycle. He answered that OF PENNSYLVANIA call to serve as chairman of the California Re­ and employees at all levels about the quiet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES threat they may face, and that would also publican Party. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 educate them on their responsibilities to our During his term as chairman, Republican Nation and its security. This would be the cre­ voter registration increased in California. Cali­ Mr. RITTER. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to ation of a House of Representatives Classified fornia Republicans picked up seats in the as­ have introduced the Nonsmokers Health Pro­ sembly and senate under his party leadership. Information Security Office. After the Mem­ tection Act of 1987 with Congressman JAMES All seats held by California Republicans in bers' return from the Lincoln/Washington dis­ SCHEUER. This is an idea whose time has Congress are still in the Republican column. trict work period, I will be offering a proposal come and may even be overdue. If you care And we reelected Governor Deukmejian by a for such an office, which would assist all of us about clean air and worry about air pollution, record margin. then you must be concerned about exposure in the handling of sensitive documents, in as­ Being the chairman of the California Repub­ to tobacco smoke. It's probably the most pol­ suring that all of our employees have received lican Party is a tough, time consuming, and luted air we breathe. appropriate security briefings, and in preparing often thankless job. Those of us who hold This year, the Surgeon General's annual for our employees' use a manual outlining ap­ elective office could hope for no better, more report was devoted entirely to informing the propriate security procedures that we as a understanding chairman than Clair Burgener, a public about the damage done by passive body have approved. former elected official himself. smoking. Dr. C. Everett Koop provided the The Members of this House rely on their Mr. Speaker, Clair W. Burgener will formally most exhaustive justification yet from a Gov­ staffs, both in their personal offices and com­ step down as the chairman of the California ernment agency for avoiding secondhand mittee offices, to assist and advise them daily Republican Party on February 22, 1987, when smoke and urged Congress to pass tougher in addressing the vital issues that face our his successor is elected. Clair W. Burgener restrictions on smoking in public places. Dr. Nation and its security. It is only fair that we, has answered the call of his community, his Koop has stated that there is all the medical the Members of this House, ensure that these party, his State, and his country on each and evidence necessary to support reasonable assistants and advisers are aware of the every occasion. He has truly been an inspira­ protections for the nonsmoker from the irrita­ threat they may face as they work to fulfill tion to all who have come in contact with him. tion and potential harm of secondhand smoke. their duties in this House. I invite my col­ He has set an example for all who follow. Mr. We have ceased wondering whether a health leagues to join me in sponsoring this resolu- Speaker, I proudly ask this distinguished body risk exists, and are now asking what we can tion. · to join us in saluting one of this country's do to minimize this risk. This question finds its most able public servants, Clair W. Burgener. answer in the legislation that we have intro- February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3329 duced to restrict smoking to designated areas ondhand smoke and what involuntary smoking On a more personal level, above and in all U.S. Government buildings. can do to the nonsmoker's health. beyond the serious disease, is the irritation­ More than three dozen States, hundreds of Tobacco smoke has approximately 4,000 itching-burning eyes, coughing, headaches municipalities, and numerous private compa­ chemical constituents. Some 40 or so of and general feeling of discomfort-that can nies already have enacted policies to limit these are known carcinogens, or tumor initia­ result from exposure to tobacco smoke. A sci­ smoking both in public places and in the work­ tors. In addition, every air polluting substance entific study of this issue revealed that nearly place. In my own congressional district, there as defined and regulated by EPA is contained 70 percent of nonallergic persons exposed to are several institutions that have smoking poli­ in tobacco smoke. Several investigators have environmental tobacco smoke experienced cies. The city of Allentown has one. The shown that certain hazardous chemical con­ eye irritation, 30 percent indicated nasal dis­ Lehigh Valley Hospital Center and Allentown stituents are present in much greater concen­ comfort, 30 percent got headaches, and 25 Hospital both initiated smoking policies just trations in the-passive smoke-smoke in­ percent developed a cough. It is not surpris­ last week. Also in my district, the Good Shep­ haled by the nonsmoker than in the filtered ing, then, that a Gallup poll released by the herd Rehabilitation Center, Easton Hospital, smoke-mainstream smoke-inhaled by the American Lung Association found that 75 per­ Metz Mechanical, Inc., Air Products and active smoker. Nonsmokers who are exposed cent of all adults-including both smokers and Chemicals Inc., and Rodale Press are among to tobacco smoke absorb nicotine, carbon nonsmokers-feel that smokers should refrain the many institutions that have smoking poli­ monoxide, and other constituents of tobacco from smoking in the presence of nonsmokers, cies. We are not breaking new ground ·with smoke, as do smokers. and that 79 percent-again, of all adults, in­ this legislation; rather, we are playing catchup. Scientific studies linking involuntary smoking cluding smokers-support the concept of des­ It is time we acknowledge that involuntary and cancer are the most numerous. In the ignated smoking areas in the workplace. smoking is a public health hazard and that it is past 7 years, 17 studies have been published, I would like to thank the Coalition on Smok­ appropriate for the Federal Government, fol­ all but three of them showing a positive rela­ ing OR Health, which includes the American tionship between tobacco smoke exposure lowing the lead of States, municipalities, and Heart Association, the American Lung Asso­ and cancer. Studies in both Japan and private companies, to do something about it in ciation, and the American Cancer Society. Greece revealed that women married to its own backyard. Those organizations, along with others, have smokers have higher risks of lung cancer. In A recent report by the National Academy of endorsed our bill. the Japanese study, nonsmoking wives of Sciences reported that there is enough evi­ I am providing a summary of the Surgeon heavy smokers had an 80 percent higher risk General's report, "The Health Consequences dence of health risks from passive smoking to of acquiring lung cancer. The Greek study warrant considerable concern. For example, of Involuntary Smoking," as well as excerpts showed nonsmoking wives of heavy smokers from the summary of the National Academy's data show that separation by distance in the had a risk of developing lung cancer three same room or workplace from secondhand report on "Environmental Tobacco Smoke" to times higher. be inserted into the RECORD after my state­ smoke is not enough. Exposure is still a signif­ In a case-control study by the American icant health hazard. ment. Cancer Society involving 134 lung cancer I encourage my colleagues who are inter­ Recent moves by Government agencies cases and 402 controls, which used four dif­ such as DOD, GSA, private employers, and ested in environmental quality to cosponsor ferent methods to measure exposure to to­ this important legislation and help ensure the State and municipal governments to restrict bacco smoke, involuntary smoking increased smoking to designated areas in public places protection of nonsmoking workers and visitors the risk of lung cancer from 13 to 31 percent. in Federal buildings from the health risks of in­ and in the workplace are admirable. But mil­ This overall risk was comparable to that lions of workers and visitors who occupy Fed­ voluntary smoking. shown by an earlier American Cancer Society I am sure that millions of Federal Govern­ eral buildings are still exposed. prospective study, although the earlier study The bill that Representative SCHEUER and I ment workers, as well as visitors, will be well did not show a relationship between an in­ served by this legislation. You've heard about introduced: creased risk of lung cancer in the nonsmoking Requires the designation of specific smok­ important political decisions being made in wife and the number of cigarettes smoked per smoke-filled rooms. Well, if our bill is success­ ing and nonsmoking areas in all Federal build­ day by her husband. The latest American ings, including congressional buildings and ful, some of those decisions will have to be Cancer Society study did show a dose re­ made in designated smoke-filled rooms. courthouses. sponse relationship between the number of Requires signs to designate smoking and cigarettes smoked by the husband. The risk of THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INVOLUNTARY nonsmoking areas. SMOKING- A REPORT OF THE SURGEON GEN­ lung cancer doubled in nonsmoking women ERAL Permits individual agencies to enact rules whose husbands smoked 20 or more ciga­ that are more stringent than those required by rettes a day at home. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE SURGEON GENERAL this bill. Another area of significant study is the as­ My background and my work on the key en­ sociation of exposure to tobacco smoke with SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE 1986 vironmental committees in the House has respiratory disease and impaired pulmonary REPORT prompted me to review the major studies on function. Several studies focusing on expo­ The three major conclusions of this report are the following: involuntary smoking before proposing this leg­ sure to tobacco smoke at home have shown 1. Involuntary smoking is a caus~ of dis­ islation. I have met with several of the scientif­ the susceptibility of children to the adverse ease, including lung cancer, in healthy non­ ic investigators. I have a reputation in this field health effects of involuntary smoking. Mater­ smokers. as a hardnose on the facts and a stickler for nal smoking has been linked to impaired pul­ 2. The children of parents who smoke providing the scientific and health reasons for monary function in children, and other studies compared with the children of nonsmoking regulation. As in all science, conclusions have revealed an increased incidence of parents have an increased frequency of res­ about the adverse health effects of exposure pneumonia and bronchitis during the first year piratory infections, increased respiratory to secondhand smoke are not nailed shut, of life as a result of parental smoking. symptoms, and slightly smaller rates of in­ creased lung function as the lung matures. and those who have an interest in disputing The final link in the chain of adverse health 3. The simple separation of smokers and these findings will probably find ways to do effects resulting from involuntary smoking is nonsmokers within the same air space may so. But, like the Surgeon General and the its effect on individuals suffering from sympto­ reduce, but does not eliminate, the exposure committee of the National Research Council matic coronary heart disease. Although these of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco of the National Academy of Sciences, I am reports are preliminary, the initial findings­ smoke. convinced that there exists a sufficient and that exposure to tobacco smoke increases the growing body of evidence linking involuntary risk for death from coronary heart disease­ ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE-MEASUR­ smoking with elevated risk for respiratory dys­ are particularly troubling. If these findings are ING EXPOSURES AND ASSESSING HEALTH EF­ function, lung cancer, and, potentially, heart confirmed, it would greatly increase the mag­ FECTS disease. Such evidence merits the Federal nitude of the public health problem posed by EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Government taking steps of its own to protect involuntary smoking, as many more deaths Introduction nonsmokers in Federal buildings. Allow me to would be involved in the scenario than with A Committee of the National Research quickly run through what we know about sec- lung cancer alone. Council's and the Office of Smoking ETS exposures take place. The hydrophobic the ETS constituents, particularly nicotine and Health of the Department of Health vapor phase constituents of ETS are likely and RSP, have proved to be useful surro­ and Human Services. The report evaluates to enter the lung of the exposed individual, gates for ETS, no single measure has com­ methodologies in epidemiologic and related while the hydrophilic vapor phase constitu­ pletely met all the criteria for an ideal ETS studies for obtaining measurements of expo­ ents are likely to be absorbed in the upper surrogate. To facilitate the study of the sure to environmental tobacco smoke respiratory tract. Particles < 2.5 µm dominate the particu­ be unique which is emitted from the burning end exposure over many years is not likely to be mean values observed in active smokers. of a cigarette in between puffs. The remain­ fully reliable or precise. At best, such quan­ Several studies have indicated that urinary der of ETS consists of exhaled mainstream tification provides an approximation of ex­ cotinine concentrations in infants and chil­ smoke is handicapped by the lack of slower clearance of cotinine in nonsmokers. ever, the smokes of MS, SS, and ETS differ, a clear definition of the physicochemical Thiocyanate, as measured in saliva, serum, as the result of changes in the concentra­ nature of ETS and the identification of the or urine, does not appear to be sufficiently tions of individual constituents, the phase individual, or target, constituents of ETS as­ sensitive as an indicator of ETS exposure. (particulate or vapor> in which the constitu­ sociated with the health or comfort effects Similarly, exhaled carbon monoxide and ents are present, and various secondary re­ under study. Proxy, or surrogate, constitu­ carbosyhemoglobin are not sufficiently sen­ actions that chemically and physically alter ents have been measured in a number of sitive to moderate or low levels of ETS expo­ <"age") the composition of the smoke. Undi­ studies as indicators of ETS exposure in sure and thus are not particularly useful bi­ luted SS contains higher concentrations of both personal and indoor space monitoring. ological markers for exposure to ETS, some toxic compounds that undiluted MS, RSP, carbon monoxide, nicotine, nitrogen except in experimental, acute exposure situ­ including ammonia, volatile amines, volatile oxides, acrolein, nitroso-compounds, and ations. There are several other sources of February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3331 carbon monoxide in the environment that ventilation rate of greater than 50n cubic life. In all studies of children, it is difficult equal or exceed the concentrations of feet per minute per occupant is necessary to to distinguish between the role of ETS ex­ carbon monoxide attributable to ETS. achieve air quality that is acceptable to posure in utero and postnatally. Other suggested biological markers of ex­ more than 80% of adults entering the room Three studies have shown a small reduc­ posure are N-nitrosoproline, nitrosothiopro­ as contrasted with rates of less than 10 tion in pulmonary function in normal adults line, and some of the aromatic amines that cubic feet per minute per occupant when exposed to ETS. Interpretation of these are present in high concentrations in SS. there is no smoking or other pollution. An­ findings is difficult because pulmonary ef­ However, data on sensitivity and reliability noyance with noxious tobacco odor largely fects in normal adults are likely to reflect of laboratory procedures for these markers governs the reactions of visitors, while occu­ the cumulative burden of many environ­ are not sufficient to recommend their use at pants of smoky rooms are more likely to mental and occupational exposures and this time in epidemiologic studies of ETS. complain about irritating effects to the eye, Laboratory assays have shown mutagenic nose, or throat. Particle filtration appears other insults to the lung. Thus, the effects activity in the urine of smokers and ETS-ex­ to lead to little or no decline in odor and ir­ of ETS on the lungs of adults are likely to posed nonsmokers. The mutagenicity of ritation, suggesting that the effects are pro­ be confounded by many other factors, urine is a function of many factors-such as duced by gas-phase constituents. During ex­ making it difficult to attribute any portion dietary constituents, occupational expo­ posure to ETS, eye blink rate is correlated of the effect solely to ETS. sures, and other environment factors­ with sensory irritation, such as burning eyes In some studies of asthmatics, in whom which render any findings of mutagenicity and nasal irritation. For some persons, eye pulmonary reactions to ETS should be more nonspecific. tearing can be so intense as to be incapaci­ readily produced, no effects on lung func­ DNA adducts derived from tobacco-related tating. There is some evidence that non­ tion were reported. In other studies, asth­ chemicals can be measured in the blood. smokers are more sensitive to the noxious matics reported complaints upon exposure However, these chemicals, such as qualities of cigarette smoke than are smok­ to ETS and showed significant pulmonary benzo[a]pyrene, are not unique to ETS. ers. function changes after experimental smoke In Vivo and In Vitro Studies Smoke contains immunogens, that is, sub­ exposure. stances that can activate the immune Laboratory studies can contribute to a system. Approximately half of atopic individuals react to various ex­ ease by environmental agents. There have tracts to tobacco leaf or smoke presented in sure to ETS increases the incidence of lung been numerous bioassays conducted on MS. skin tests. However, the components of the cancer in nonsmokers. Estimates of the In examining the effects of MS, many re­ extract that are responsible for this reac­ magnitude of the increased risk vary. search workers have used condensates of tion have not been isolated. There is little Among studies of various populations in the smoke painted on the shaved skin of correlation between positive reactions to Europe, Asia, and North America, the risk mice. This contrasts with the human expo­ skin tests and self-reported complaints to to­ of lung cancer is roughly 30% higher for sure that is mainly in the respiratory tract. bacco smoke sensitivity. nonsmoking spouses of smokers than it is Nonetheless, these skin-painting studies Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function for nonsmoking spouses of nonsmokers. have been useful in examining the carcino­ Respiratory symptoms, such as wheezing, There is consistency among the studies in genicity of different tobacco constituents coughing, and sputum production, are in­ that all of the studies individually include and thus advancing knowledge of the ac­ creased in children of smoking parents. the 30% increased risk within the 95% confi­ tions of MS on a gross exposure level. These symptoms are more common in chil­ dence intervals. Patterns and extent of ex­ In constrast to MS exposure, ETS expo­ dren of smokers than children of nonsmok­ posure may vary in different communities sure involves proportionately more exposure ers. The largest studies place the increased and countries. Based on presently available to gas phase than to particulate phase con­ risk of 20 to 80%, depending on the symp­ epidemiologic data, the estimate of the in­ stituents. There have not, however, been tom being assessed and number of smokers crease risk from the American studies is studies of the effects of exposure to aged in the household. Also, respiratory infec­ lower than the average for all the studies, ETS. tions manifested as pneumonia and bronchi­ though not significantly so. These estimates Some studies have attempted to evaluate tis are significantly increased in infants of are almost exclusively derived from the the gas phase of MS, SS, and ETS in short· smoking parents. Some studies have report­ comparison of persons identified as exposed, term, in vitro assays. A solution of the gas ed that infants of smoking parents are hos­ or unexposed, on the basis of their spouse's phase of MS has been shown to induce dose­ pitalized for respiratory infections more fre­ smoking habits. dependent increases in sister-chromatid ex­ quently than children of nonsmokers. Certain errors in the reporting of smoking changes in cultured human lymphocytes. Among children aged under 1 year, studies are remarkably consistent in showing an in­ habits have probably contributed to the risk Mutagenic activity has been found in the observed in the epidemiologic studies. Mis­ particulate matter of SS and in condensates creased risk of respiratory infections among of ETS. However, the work done to date is children living in homes where parents classification of current or exsmokers as too sparse to permit any estimates of the smoke. There is a dose-response relationship nonsmokers would tend to produce an ob­ mutagenicity of ETS per se, even though that relates more to maternal smoking than served relative risk that is larger than the most of ETS consists of SS. paternal smoking. The association persists true risk. This effect was studied in detail using estimates of the extent of the errors Health Effects after allowing for possible confounding fac­ tors such as occupational data, respiratory involved and judged to contribute only a This report reviews both chronic and illness in the parents, and birthweight. The portion of the excess risk. Underestimation acute health affects associated with ETS ex­ mechanisms of the increased risk may of the increased risk might also be intro­ posure in nonsmokers. Most epidemiologic either be a direct effect of ETS or due to a duced because the supposedly unexposed studies of chronic health effects have been higher risk of cross-infection in such homes. population had some exposure to ETS, al­ conducted on persons who have had long­ Regardless of the mechanism, the exposure though they were classified as unexposed in term exposures to ETS from household of small children to smoking in the home the studies. Taking both types of errors into members. The studies do not directly ad­ appears to put them at risk of respiratory account produces an estimate of the excess dress chronic health effects in individuals illness. cancer risk for nonsmokers married to who are exposed at work or have occasional Since children exposed to ETS from pa­ smokers compared with completely unex­ exposures in the home or elsewhere. rental smoking have an increased frequency posed individuals that is similar to the rela­ Because the physicochemical nature of of pulmonary symptoms and respiratory in­ tive risk observed in the epidemiologic stud­ ETS, MS, and SS differ, the extrapolation fections, it is prudent to eliminate ETS ex­ ies considered. of health effects from studies of MS or of posure from the environments of small chil­ active smokers to nonsmokers exposed to Since carcinogenic agents contained in ETS may not be appropriate. However, dren. ETS are inhaled by nonsmokers, in the ab­ There is some evidence that parental sence of a threshold for carcinogenic ef­ chemicals known to be toxic and carcinogen­ smoking may affect the rate of lung growth ic in MS are also present in ETS. fects, an increased risk of lung cancer due to in children. In children with one or more ETS exposure is biologically plausible. Acute, Noxious Effects parents who smoke, lung function increase, The most common acute effects associated which is a normal growth phenomenon, Other Cancers with exposure to ETS are eye, nose, and shows a small decrease in the rate of There have been few studies of risk for throat irritation, and objectionable smell of growth. An important issue currently unre­ cancers other than lung in nonsmokers ex­ tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke has a dis­ solved is whether a child who is affected by posed to ETS. Some of the sites considered tinct and persistent odor, making control exposure to ETS from parental smoking have been brain, hematopoetic, and all sites through ventilation particularly difficult. In may be at an increased risk for the develop­ combined. The results of these studies have closed rooms where smoking is allowed, a ment of chronic airflow obstruction in adult been inconsistent. 3332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 Cardiovascular Disease Postdoctoral Studies and a School of Related Soviets as evidence of Mr. Gorbachev's new Since active smoking has an adverse effect Health Sciences. This university has had a 75- glasnost or openness. A true test of the on cardiovascular disease morbidity and year unbroken record of educating and train­ Soviet Union's "openness" will come when mortality, ETS exposure has also become ing physicians, and furthering biomedical re­ Yosyp Terelia, a man whose spirit has not suspect. Reports have noted an excess risk search with a highly skilled and dedicated fac­ been broken by years of imprisonment and of cardiovascular disease in ETS-exposed ulty. nonsmokers; however, methodologic prob­ torture, resumes his activity on behalf of the lems in the designs and analyses of these In the true spirit of our country, this institu­ Ukrainian Catholic Church. studies preclude any firm conclusions about tion opened its doors to professors of great the results. Studies reporting that ETS can distinction who fled the Nazi dominated precipitate the onset of angina pectoris Europe. Their policy resulted in a faculty and TO IMPROVE THE EDUCATION among people who already have this condi­ student body of the highest caliber. STATUS OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS tion are subject to the same precautionary Graduates of the University of Health Sci­ note. Exposure to ETS produced no statisti­ ences/The Chicago Medical School are now HON. DANIEL K. AKAKA cally significant effects on heart rate or serving our people throughout the Nation­ blood pressure in school-aged children or OF HAWAII healthy adult subjects, either during exer­ many occupying top positions as physicians, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES teachers, and researchers. cise or at rest. Data are not available as to Wednesday, February 11, 1987 possible adverse cardiovascular effects in The university has teaching and service af­ susceptible populations, such as infants, el­ filiations with a significant number of hospitals, Mr. AKAKA. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to derly, or diseased individuals. colleges, and other health related and civic or­ draw your attention to a matter of extreme im­ Other Health Considerations in Children ganizations. It shares its physical and human portance to all who support the fulfillment of Several other health outcomes have been resources with the community at large, provid­ human potential. studied that relate to the growth and health ing valuable services and filling previously I am speaking of a problem that has of children. For all postnatal outcomes, it is unmet needs. These resources include an out­ gnawed at our country for longer than any of often not possible to differentiate the effect patient clinic which provides a full range of us would be inclined to admit: The severe of in utero exposure to ETS from subse­ medical services of the highest quality for ev­ educational status of our native Hawaiians. quent childhood exposure to ETS. eryone who enters its doors. That persons of native Hawaiian ancestry Nonsmoking· pregnant women exposed to Therefore, I wish to draw the attention of all have suffered disproportionately from educa­ smoking spouses have been reported to Members to the 75th year of the University of tional inequality for some time has been clear­ produce babies of lower birthweight than nonsmoking women with nonsmoking Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical ly documented. Six years ago, Congress au­ spouses. Some studies have noted a dose-re­ School, and I extend my heartiest congratula­ thorized the creation of a commission to study sponse relationship between the number of tions and grateful appreciation to this distin­ and identify the educational needs of native cigarettes smoked by fathers and birth­ guished institution for its important contribu­ Hawaiians. The Native Hawaiian Educational weight of the offspring. tions to the increased longevity, health, and Assessment project which resulted was gener­ Several studies have examined possible re­ well-being of our people. ously completed by the Kamehameha lationships between chronic exposure to Schools/Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate at no ETS by children and parameters of growth public expense, and by 1984 had been sub­ and development. Growth is an especially SOVIETS RELEASE YOSYP difficult phenomenon to study since many TERELIA FROM PRISON mitted to both the Department of Education factors-such as genetics, nutrition, social and the Senate Select Committee on Indian class, and ethnicity-play important roles. It Affairs. is difficult to assign proportional causality HON. LOUISE M. SLAUGHTER The study revealed some devastating find­ to each factor. Moreover, height and weight OF NEW YORK ings: ratios and other growth measures are not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Overall, native Hawaiians score below parity reliably obtained in standard pediatric sur­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 with national norms on standardized achieve­ veys. A few studies have shown that chil­ ment tests. Furthermore, while native Hawai­ dren of smokers have reduced growth and Ms. SLAUGHTER of New York. Mr. Speak­ development, and study reported a dose-re­ er, I am sure my colleagues will join me in ian students in general continue to score sponse relationship between reduced height welcoming the release of Yosyp T erelia, a below parity with national groups, the disparity and increasing numbers of cigarettes prisoner of conscience and champion of reli­ with other local groups is even greater; smoked in the home by either the mother gious freedom in his native Ukraine who was Native Hawaiians are disproportionately rep­ or the father. recently released from Soviet prison. resented in many negative social and physical Otitis media is a common occurrence in Mr. Terelia has been persecuted since 1962 statistics, indicative of special educational young children. In several studies, parental for his efforts to restore the Ukrainian Catholic needs. Lower educational achievement among smoking, along with several other risk fac­ native Hawaiians has been found to relate to tors, has been linked to increased risk of [Uniate] Church which the Soviets liquidated chronic ear infections in children. in 1946. In September 1982, he and four lower social-economic outcomes. Indeed, edu­ others formed the "Initiative Group for the De­ cational needs of native Hawaiians are inextri­ fense of the Rights of Believers and the cably interwoven with other social and physi­ THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF Church" which actively sought the legalization cal needs. Many of these have either direct THE UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH of the Ukrainian Catholic Church and pub­ educational spinoff effects or are themselves SCIENCES/CHICAGO MEDICAL lished several "samvydav" or underground conditions which could be alleviated through SCHOOL journals for followers of the church. The educational means; and, Ukrainian Catholic Church has over 4 million Native Hawaiian students have educational HON. JOHN EDWARD PORTER adherents and constitutes the largest single needs which are related to their unique cultur­ OF ILLINOIS banned religious group in the Soviet Union. al situation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For his efforts on behalf of religious free­ My colleagues will be pleased to know that dom and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, the Kamehameha Schools/Bernice Pauahi Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Yosyp Terelia at 43, has spent almost half of Bishop Estate's interest in the education Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, it is a privilege his life in Soviet prisons, forced labor camps, needs of native Hawaiians did not end with for me today to pay tribute to the University of and psychiatric institutions serving sentences the completion of the assessment project. Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School as for various charges from "parasitism" to "anti­ Indeed, since its earlier study, the institution they celebrate their 75th anniversary year. Soviet agitation and propaganda." He was has continued to monitor educational indexes, The Chicago Medical School was founded most recently arrested on February 8, 1985 further confirming the findings of that study. in 1912 by a group of distinguished physicians and sentenced on August 20 to 7 years in a Briefly, the following have been noted: and citizens. labor camp and 5 years of internal exile which Students who are identified as Hawaiian In 1967, the board of trustees established he was serving at the time of his release. constitute 21.7 percent of the student popula­ the first University of Health Sciences in the Last week's release of 42 political prisoners tion in the Hawaii Department of Education­ Nation, creating a School of Graduate and including Mr. Terelia has been heralded by the the second largest group. The total number of February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3333 native Hawaiian students in all schools, public responsibility for the betterment of the con­ <4> the Kamehameha Schools/Bernice and private, is now estimated at 58,900 and is ditions of Native Hawaiians; Pauahi Bishop Estate and the State of projected to increase through the year 2000; <2> in furtherance of the responsibility for Hawaii for the establishment of long-term the betterment of the conditions of Native followup and assessment activities. Native Hawaiian students continue to score Hawaiians, Congress has the power to spe­ By no later than school year 1992- well below national norms in achievement cially legislate for the benefit of Native Ha­ 1993, the Secretary shall assure that the tests of basic skills. An estimated 37 percent waiians; State of Hawaii of Hawaiian elementary students register in (3) the attainment of educational success has implemented the KEEP model curricu­ the lowest scoring groups, compared with a is critical to the betterment of the condi­ lum in a minimum of twenty public schools. meager 12 percent in the uppermost groups­ tions of Native Hawaiians; (c) There is authorized to be appropriated versus 23 percent nationally in each class; (4) it is the policy of the Federal Govern­ $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1988, and such Native Hawaiian students are at risk from ment to encourage the maximum participa­ sums as may be necessary for fiscal years birth. Thirty-one percent of all low birth-weight tion of Native Hawaiians in the planning 1989 through 1993. Of the amounts appro­ and management of Native Hawaiian Educa­ babies are native Hawaiian. Forty-two percent priated, no more than 10 per centum may be tion Programs; used for administrative purposes. Such sums of all teenage mothers are native Hawaiian; <5> Native Hawaiian students score below shall remain available until expended. Hawaiian students are continuously overrep­ national norms on standardized education resented in special education programs; 35 achievement tests; NATIVE HAWAIIAN FAMILY BASED EDUCATION percent of students displaying learning disabil­ <6> both public and private schools show a CENTERS ities are native Hawaiian; pattern of low percentages of Native Hawai­ SEC. 4. (a) The Secretary shall make direct Native Hawaiian children at .the preschool ian students in the uppermost achievement grants to Native Hawaiian Organizations level display weak verbal skills-over 67 per­ levels and in gifted and talented programs; (including Native Hawaiian Educational Or­ ganizations) to develop and operate a mini­ cent occupy the lowest stanines in a test <7> Native Hawaiian students are over-rep­ resented among those qualifying for special mum of eleven Family-Based Education given by the Department of Education at kin­ education programs provided to learning Centers throughout the Hawaiian Islands; dergarten entry compared to the national disabled, educable mentally retarded, handi­ such centers shall include- norm of 23 percent; capped, and other such students; and ( 1) Parent-Infant programs (prenatal As ninth graders, only one-third of native (8) Native Hawaiians are disproportionate­ through age 3 >; Hawaiian public school students hope to com­ ly represented in many negative social and (2) Preschool programs for four and five plete 4 or more years of college. Fifty to 75 physical statistics, indicative of special edu­ year-olds; percent of their peers in other ethnic groups cational needs- (3) continued research and development; aspire to complete college. Native Hawaiians lower educational attainment among and remain underrepresented in enrollment at in­ Native Hawaiians has been found to relate (4) a long term followup and assessment to lower socioeconomic outcomes; program. stitutions of higher learning; Native Hawaiian students are dispro­ In addition to any other amount au­ Severe health problems-most notably, portionately under-represented in Institu­ thorized for such centers, there is author­ heart disease-continue to plague many tions of Higher Education; ized to be appropriated $2,400,000 for fiscal native Hawaiian families. An Office of Tech­ Native Hawaiians are under-represent­ year 1988, and such sums as may be neces­ nology Assessment Study has even found that ed in both traditional white collar profes­ sary for fiscal years 1989 through 1993. Of mortality rates for native Hawaiians are 34 sions, health care professions, and the the amounts appropriated, no more than 10 percent higher than the national average. newly emerging technology based profes­ per centum may be used for administrative Clearly, the attention of Congress, and the sions and are over-represented in service oc­ purposes. Such sums shall remain available assistance of the United States are determin­ cupations; until expended. Native Hawaiians are beset with mul­ ing factors in the educational performance of tiple health problems; NATIVE HAWAIIAN HIGHER EDUCATION native Hawaiians. We must recognize the spe­ Native Hawaiian children are dispro­ DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM cial needs of this native group, and we must portionately victimized by child abuse and SEc. 5. (a) The Secretary shall make stand ready to work with them to ensure that neglect, a signal of family stress; and grants to the Kamehameha Schools/Ber­ those needs are effectively addressed. there are and will continue to be geo­ nice Pauahi Bishop Estate for a. demonstra­ Today, with the gracious support of Con­ graphically rural isolated areas with a high tion program to provide Higher Education gressman KILDEE, and Congresswoman SAIKI, Native Hawaiian population density. fellowship assistance to Native Hawaiian I am introducing legislation which provides a (9) Special efforts in education recoghiz­ students. The demonstration program under ing the unique cultural and historical cir­ this section may include- promising option in addressing the · needs of cumstances of Native Hawaiians are re­ <1) full or partial fellowship support for native Hawaiians. This measure is comprehen­ quired. Native Hawaiian students enrolled at an ac­ sive, innovative, prudent and most importantly, PURPOSE credited two or four year degree granting in­ responsive. And, it is fundamentally sound in stitution of higher education with awards to its efforts to ensure that existing native pro­ SEC. 2. It is the purpose of this Act to- be based on academic potential and finan­ <1) authorize and develop supplemental cial need; grams remain undisturbed. educational programs to benefit Native Ha­ Mr. Speaker, at a time when our Nation's (2) counseling and support services for waiians, such students receiving fellowship assist­ competitive power is on the decline, our atten­ (2) provide direction and guidance to ap­ tion should be focused on strengthening our ance pursuant to subsection (a)(l) of this propriate Federal, State, and local agencies section; domestic base. Surely, our people can com­ to focus resources, including those made <3> college preparation and guidance coun­ pete only if they have been provided with the available by this Act on the problem of seling at the secondary school level for stu­ means to achieve. A sound education is per­ Native Hawaiian education, and dents who may be eligible for fellowship as­ haps the most fundamental tool that America <3> supplement and expand existing pro­ sistance pursuant to subsection of this can offer its citizens. Native Hawaiians, as citi­ grams and authorities in the area of educa­ section; and tion to further the purposes of this Act. zens of this great Nation, are in desparate <4> appropriate research and evaluation of need of that tool. In forsaking them, we simply NATIVE HAWAIIAN MODEL CURRICULUM the activities authorized by this section. IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT forsake ourselves. (b) The Secretary shall make grants to I urge my colleagues support for this meas­ SEC. 3. In order to implement the Ka­ the Kamehameha Schools/Bernice Pauahi mehameha Elementary Education Program Bishop Estate for a demonstration project ure. full or partial fellowship support for Representatives of the United States of ( 1) the State of Hawaii for comprehensive teacher training; credited post-bachelor degree granting insti­ SECTION 1. The Congress finds and de­ (2) the State of. Hawaii for educational support services; to professions in which Native Hawaiians <1) the Federal Government retains the <3> the Kamehameha Schools/Bernice are under-represented and with awards to legal responsibiity to enforce the adminis­ Pauahi Bishop Estate for continued re­ be based on academic potential and finan­ tration of the State of Hawaii's public trust search and development; and cial need; 3334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 (2) counseling and support services for tally retarded, or otherwise in need of spe­ MONTANA ECONOMY CANNOT such students receiving fellowship assist­ cial educational service; ABSORB LOSS OF JOBS ance pursuant to subsection O> of this <2> the conduct of educational activities section; and which hold reasonable promise of making (3) appropriate research and evaluation of substantial progress toward meeting the HON. RON MARLENEE the activities authorized by this section. educational needs of Native Hawaiian chil­ (c) For purposes of subsection (b) fellow­ dren who are identified as being learning OF MONTANA ship conditions shall be established whereby disabled, mentally or physically handi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recipients obtain an enforceable contract capped, educable mentally retarded, or oth­ obligation to provide their professional serv­ erwise in need of special educational serv­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 ices, either during their fellowship or upon ices; and Mr. MARLENEE. Mr. Speaker, today I'm in­ completion of post-bachelor degree pro­ (3) appropriate research, evaluation and troducing legislation which proposes to put a gram. to the Native Hawaiian community related activities pertaining to the needs of within the State of Hawaii. such children. hold on the sale of any railroad track that There is authorized to be appropriated In addition to any other amount au­ passes through the State of Montana. $1,250,000 for fiscal year 1988 and for each thorized for such project, there is author­ Burlington Northern Railroad is considering succeeding fiscal year through 1993 for the ized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for fiscal selling 450 miles of track running from Laurel, purpose of funding the fellowship assistance year 1988 and for each succeeding fiscal MT, to Sandpoint, ID. This route is called the demonstration project under subsection . year through 1993. Of the funds appropri­ There is authorized to be appropriated southern route and it's sale could jeopardize ated, no more than 10 per centum shall be up to 900 jobs. Burlington Northern's pursuit $750,000 for fiscal year 1988 and for each used for administrative purposes. Such sums succeeding fiscal year through 1993 for the shall remain available until expended. of profit at any cost has meant the loss of 435 purpose of funding the fellowship assistance jobs within the past year, and now we are demonstration project provided under sub­ MISCELLANEOUS faced with an additional loss of 900 jobs. Last section . Of the amounts appropriated no SEc. 8. (a) No grant may be made, nor any year BN shut down a shop in Livingston and more than 10 per centum of the furids may contract be entered into under this Act, be used for administrative purposes. Such unless an application is submitted to the they consolidated their regional headquarters sums shall remain available until expended. Secretary in such form, in such manner, and closing the office in Billings-this meant the NATIVE HAWAIIAN GIFTED AND TALENTED containing such information as the Secre­ loss of a payroll in excess of $10 million. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM tary may determine necessary to carry out The economy in Montana is in no shape to SEC. 6. The Secretary shall make the provisions of this Act. absorb the loss of another 900 jobs. I met (b) Each application shall be accompanied with railroad workers in my district recently to grants to and enter into contracts with the by the comments of each local educational State of Hawaii, including its junior or com­ discuss the labor problems caused by the munity colleges, and/or the Kamehameha agency serving students who will participate in the project for which assistance is Laurel to Sandpoint route sale. At that meet­ Schools/Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate for ing, it became apparent legislation was demonstration projects designed to address sought. needed that would put on hold the sale of the the special needs of Native Hawaiian gifted DEFINITIONS and talented elementary and secondary SEC. 9. For purposes of this Act- southern line until Congress has decided the school students. (1) the term "Native Hawaiian" means issue of employee protection. (b) Demonstration projects under this sec­ any individual who is- Last session, Congress came very close to tion may include- a citizen of the United States, approving legislation which woutd offer em­ <1) the identification of the special needs a resident of the State of Hawaii, and ployee protection for railroad workers whose of gifted and talented students who are eli­ a decedant of the aboriginal people, gible for assistance under this Act, with a jobs are adversely affected by the sale of who prior to 1778, occupied and exercised branch lines by major rail carriers. This provi­ priority for early identification, particularly sovereignty in the area that now comprises at the elementary school level; the State of Hawaii, as evidenced by- sion was part of the Conrail bill but was later (2) the conduct of educational activities (i) genealogical records, dropped in the conference committee. which hold reasonable promise of making (ii) Kupuna or Kama'aina verification, or eductional needs of such gifted and talented ers to sell off their branch lines. Before the (iii) birth records of the State of Hawaii; children; whole railroad industry is restructured, I think (2) the term "Secretary" means the Secre­ we need to look at the system wide repercus­ <3> the use of public television in meeting tary of Education; the special educational needs of such gifted <3> the term "Native Hawaiian Education­ sions of the branch line sales and their affect and talented children; al Organization" means a private nonprofit on rail labor. The numbers of railroad workers (4) leadership programs designed to repli­ organization that- in the work force has dropped off dramatically cate programs for such children throughout serves the interests of Native Hawai­ bringing to light many changes for the railroad the State of Hawaii, including the dissemi­ ians, nation of information derived from the and its workers. has a demonstrated expertise in the The sale is still speculative at this point, and demonstration projects conducted under education of Native Hawaiian youth, and this section; and has demonstrated expertise in -re­ before any sale is completed I feel certain cri­ (5) appropriate research, evaluation and search and program development; teria must be met, including specific assur­ related activities pertaining to the needs of <4> the term "Native Hawaiian Organiza­ ances for employee protection, assurances for such children. tion" means a private nonprofit organiza­ In addition to any other amount au­ shippers that their products will be moved at a tion that- reasonable price, and assurances that normal thorized for such project, there is author­ serves the interests of Native Hawai­ ized to be appropriated $1 ,000,000 for fiscal ians, and rail operations will not be disrupted. The track year 1988 and for each succeeding fiscal is recognized by the Governor of has been designated as a national defense year through fiscal year 1993. Of the Hawaii for the purpose of planning, con­ route, which is one reason why it is especially amounts appropriated, no more than 10 per ducting, or administering programs for the benefit of Native must be guaranteed that the new owner is poses. Such sums shall remain available Hawaiians; · until expended. able to maintain a solvent railroad. (5) the term "elementary school" has the The Interstate Commerce Commission's NATIVE HAWAIIAN SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM same meaning given that term under section SEC. 7. The Secretary shall make 198< 10) of the Elementary and Secondary role in this sale is basically nonexistent. No grants to and enter into contracts with the Education Act; single Government agency has the jurisdiction State of Hawaii, and/or Native Hawaiian (6) the term "local educational agency" over all the considerations that these shortline Organizations, to operate projects to ad­ has the same meaning given that term sales bring up. As a remedy to at least part of dress th~ special education needs of Native under section 198OO) of the Elementary the problem-employee protection-I feel it is Hawaiian students. Such projects may in­ and Secondary Education Act; and up to Congress to acceptthe obligation to put clude- <7> the term "secondary school" has the <1> the identification of Native Hawaiian same meaning given that term under section a hold on any rail sales in Montana until Con­ children who are learning disabled, mental­ 198<7> of the Elementary and Secondary gress can make a final decision on employee ly or physically handicapped, educable men- Education Act. protection. February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3335 ISSUANCE OF A STAMP Robert S. McNamara, former Secretary of De­ warfare in the absence of a threat of nuclear HONORING MARY LYON fense, the Honorable Gerard Smith, former escalation. Consequently, it would be neces­ chief of the U.S. delegation to the ABM Treaty sary to have a lengthy trial period with a mini­ HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE negotiations, the Honorable Jonathan Dean, mum deterrent before proceeding further." OF MASSACHUSETTS arms control adviser to the Union of Con­ In explaining his position that the American cerned Scientists and former MBFR negotia­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proposal would not necessarily undercut the tor, and Dr. Keith Payne, director of research United States extended deterrence commit­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 at the National Institute for Public Policy and ment to its NATO allies and to Japan, Dr. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, on February 28, professor of national security studies at Payne said that, "other forces not scheduled the U.S. Postal Service will hold first day of is­ Georgetown University. for elimination could provide an extended de­ suance ceremonies for the Mary Lyon 2-cent These experts provided the subcommittee terrent capability * * *." stamp at Mount Holyoke College in South with an excellent analysis of the arms control Second. Was the Soviet demand that re­ Hadley, MA. The Postal Service has fittingly agenda following Reykjavik. In stark contrast search on SDI be limited to the "laboratory" chosen to honor one of our Nation's greatest to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger's reasonable and in accordance with the ABM educators. It is especially proper that the description recently that, "I don't think any­ Treaty? Postal Service has chosen the year of the thing happened at Reykjavik," all of the wit­ Mr. McNamara stressed, "that preserving 150th anniversary of Mount Holyoke College nesses saw potential in the Reykjavik talks. the integrity of the ABM Treaty does not mean to honor Mary Lyon. Mr. Dean aptly testified: "I don't believe there that we must agree to the Soviets' demand was a tragedy at Reykjavik, because I believe Born on February 28, 1797 in Buckland, that our SOI research be carried out within the positive elements in that discussion far MA, Mary Lyon overcame personal hardship what they call the walls of the laboratory. We outweighed the negative ones * * *. The to become a teacher at the age of 17. She can continue, as the President has proposed, tragedy is that [an agreement on INF and devoted her entire life to education. Mary to probe the technological potential of defen­ even strategic reductions] may not be Lyon's main goal was to found a women's col­ sive systems. But we must not move into un­ lege which would be both affordable and pro­ achieved in this administration because of the lack of persistent effort and determined effort restricted development and testing; that would vide quality education. It took much hard work be a clear violation of the treaty, it would to raise the necessary funds, but the many to get it." The problem now is how best to transform the potential of Reykjavik into nego­ serve to fuel the Soviet fears that we mean to people whose lives have been influenced by deploy the strategic defense system at a time Mount Holyoke College know that she was tiated arms control agreements. What follows are some of the key points of our choosing in violation of the treaty, and successful. Mary Lyon founded Mount Hol­ it would confirm their belief that we were yoke College in 1837, and her 12 years of made at the hearing which, from my perspec­ tive, highlight not only concerns that arose im­ seeking to achieve a first strike capabil­ serving as president of the college saw it ity * * *. [T]he Soviets can be moved off the through its formative years, and when Mary mediately following the Reykjavik talks, but also new concerns which have arisen in the position they put forward at Reykjavik-that is Lyon died in 1849 she left behind a Mount to say, limit SDI research to the walls of the Holyoke College which was financially sound last 2 weeks over the administration's review of the ABM Treaty and its consideration of a laboratory. I am absolutely positive of that, and had achieved scholastic excellence. and I think it is incumbent upon us to say The Postal Service does not issue many premature deployment of a strategic defense system. what we think would be in our interests to do commemorative stamps, and any stamp pro­ beyond the walls of the laboratory, and I posal must go through a difficult screening First. Were the Soviet proposal for elimina­ tion of all strategic nuclear weapons within 1O would urge we give that considerable process. Well, the Mary Lyon stamp success­ thought." fully made it through that tough process, and years and the American proposal for elimina­ tion of all offensive strategic ballistic missiles Mr. Smith stated that "the Soviet proposal on February 28, we will not only be celebrat­ limiting research to laboratories was a direct ing the issuance of a new stamp, but we will within 1O years flawed? reflection of our earlier proposal to change the be paying tribute to Mary Lyon and the contri­ Mr. McNamara found both proposals "fun­ ABM Treaty." He said, "I think-the Soviets­ butions she made to American education. damentally flawed." He described the Soviet proposal as "infeasiable under foreseeable were trying to set up a possibility for a bargain circumstances. Unless we can develop tech­ there that if we receded from the new ver­ ARMS CONTROL AFTER nologies and procedures to detect steps sion-of the ABM Treaty-they would recede REYKJAVIK toward building nuclear weapons by our ad­ from this restrictive notion of where research versaries, an agreement for total nuclear dis­ can take place, and I gather that indications HON. DANTE B. FASCELL armament could degenerate into an unstable since Reykjavik suggested that they would be OF FLORIDA rearmament race." Of both proposals, Mr. willing to go much further about where and what kind of research could take place." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES McNamara stressed that they "must be dis­ cussed with our [Joint] Chiefs [of Staff], which Dr. Dean criticized the Soviets for their posi­ Wednesday, February 11, 1987 neither one was; discussed with our allies, tion at Reykjavik. He noted that Soviet nego­ Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, on January 29 which neither one was; and ultimately must tiators later explained "their definition of the the Arms Control, International Security and lead to some change in the existing conven­ testing permissible under the ABM Treaty Science Subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs tional balance.'' went far beyond closed laboratories to include Committee held a hearing on the Reykjavik Mr. Smith was skeptical about proposals to a full spectrum of ground-based testing of bal­ talks. The purpose of the hearing was to ex­ eliminate whole classes of weapons. He said, listic missile defenses, including the new di­ amine the substance of the arms control pro­ "Back in the 1950's, I spent hundreds of rected-energy technology, from the testing posals tabled at Reykjavik last October _by the hours working on something called general ranges designated in the ABM Treaty." Mr. United States and the Soviet Union. A sub­ and complete disarmament, which is just the Dean also criticized the American delegation committee staff report entitled, "The Reykjavik same thing; we were going to eliminate all "for not having asked what the Soviets meant Talks: Promise of Peril," has set forth a com­ weapons. Everybody working on it then knew in detail with their concept of restricting test­ prehensive overview of the American and that it was nonsense, but it was important for ing to the laboratory and for insisting that no Soviet positions prior to Reykjavik, the under­ public relations reasons, and I think that is the solution could be accepted which did not standings and unresolved issues which main motivation for the present thrust." permit full SDI testing and development-such emerged from the Reykjavik talks, and areas Mr. Dean considered the elimination of all an approach, if followed literally, would make of concern following the summit. My com­ nuclear weapons "a particularly dangerous meaningless the agreement the two leaders ments on that report can be found on page and difficult process. This is because of the reached at Reykjavik to maintain the ABM E150 of the January 8 issue of the CONGRES­ risk that the Soviet Union or some other coun­ Treaty, with its limits on space-based testing SIONAL RECORD. try may conceal nuclear weapons-even a of missile defense components, for at least 1O At the hearing, members of the subcommit­ few-which would have great military and po­ years." tee heard from four distinguished experts in litical significance in such a situation, and be­ Third. Is the administration's strategic de­ the field of arms control: the Honorable cause of the heightened risk of conventional fense initiative (as it is envisaged under the 3336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 administration's revisionist interpretation of the That is, such a defense would collapse under Mr. McNamara argued that the new ration­ ABM Treaty) a credible alternative to the prac­ a full-scale Soviet first strike but might cope ale for SDI presented at Reykjavik "is techno­ tice of mutual deterrence? , adequately with the depleted Soviet forces logically, strategically, financially a totally dif­ Mr, McNamara emphatically said no: "Until that survived a U.S. first strike. President ferent system" from previous rationales for there are inventions that have not yet been Reagan recognized this dilemma in a little­ SDI. He said, "nobody had discussed what it imagined, a defense robust and cheap enough noted sentence in this March 1983 speech: 'If means. . . . [W]hereas I strongly believe we to replace deterrence will remain a pipe paired with offensive system, [defensive sys- must have some recognition of possible dream. Given that harsh reality, President , terns] can be viewed as fostering an aggres­ cheating and we must have a deterrent to Reagan's claims that defensive forces are sive policy, and no one wants that.' " cheating, that strikes me as the least likely 'morally preferab;./ to offensive forces and Mr. McNamara continued, " It would be fool­ form of deterrence in terms of cost and tech­ that we have a 'moral obligation' to pursue hardy to dismiss as mere propaganda the So­ nology and effectiveness." them are dangerously deceptive, if. not irre­ viets' repeated warnings that deployment of Mr. Dean said that more stress should be sponsible. Mutual assured destruction-the even a partially . effective defense would be placed on reduction of conventional weapons, vulnerability of both superpowers to the de­ highly provocative. Their promise to respond verification, strengthening of nonproliferation, structive power of the nuclear weapons of the with a large offensive buildup is not an empty and other parallel actions rather than on stra­ other-is not a policy. It is a grim fact of life in threat. In a letter to President Reagan on No­ tegic defense. He noted that "if there are only the nuclear age. To have rejected offers at vember 13, 1985, regarding Soviet compli­ few missiles left, it does not seem to me that Reykjavik which could open the door to histor­ ance, Secretary of Defense Weinberger ex­ a space-based component of uncertain validi­ ic breakthroughs in arms reductions on the plained that we would react to a Soviet de­ ty against boosters is needed. I suppose that grounds that they would slow the deployment fense in much the same way they have said if you really insisted on a thing of that kind, it of SDI is tragically contrary to our security in­ they would respond to ours: 'Even a probable could be done with ground-based defense for terests." territorial defense would require us to increase this minor residual function." Mr. Dean explained how proposal to reduce the number of our offensive forces and their strategic weapons are incompatible with the ability to penetrate Soviet defenses to assure Mr. Smith succinctly commented, "I think building of an unlimited strategic defense that our operational plans could be executed.' the whole notion of deploying a ballistic mis­ system. He testified, "No country, including "As far as the Geneva talks are concerned, sile defense after ballistic missiles have been the United States, would · enter an agreement an 'early deployment' decision simply under­ eliminated is Alice in Wonderland. I can't con­ to reduce its strategic weapons without at the scores the bankruptcy of the administration's ceive of the American taxpayer being willing same time insisting on agreed limits on de­ 'strategic concept' for a cooperative shift to a to spend hundreds of billions of dollars for this fense against strategic missiles. There are two star wars world. Although Paul Nitze and type of insurance policy against cheating.'' reasons for this: First, increasing one's own others have said that strategic defensive Dr. Payne said that the recent proposals, "if offensive weapons is a major means of over­ forces should not be deployed other than in they are serious, suggest that we may be able coming antimissile defenses and thus main­ accordance with the terms of an arms control to move in the arms control direction without taining a nuclear deterrent. Second, if one agreement, it is wholly impossible to draft and ballistic missile defense. * * * [and that] lots country has even a rudimentary, nationwide negotiate such an agreement. Without such of questions that would have to be reviewed missile defense and the other does not, and is an agreement, it is simply inconceivable that before you know whether you have to have a also prevented by agreement from increasing either side would ultimately agree to reduce space-based component to that [defense] ar­ its offensive weapons, the country with the offensive forces at the same time that unlimit­ chitecture." defensive system has a great advantage: it ed defense are permitted their opponent. Sixth. Is there a compromise position on can launch a first strike against the unprotect­ Under such circumstances, neither side would SDI research and testing that should be pur­ ed country in the knowledge that even its par­ have confidence in ensuring its most impor­ sued by the arms negotiators? tially effective defenses will be of some value tant national security goal: Maint~ining an ef­ Mr. Dean believed that one possible com­ in coping with the weakened response of the fective deterrent against nuclear attack. It can promise would be for the two governments to victim. be said without qualification that we cannot "agree to distinguish between testing of first, Paradoxically, given administration support have both deployment of star wars and arms space-based sensors and optical systems, of SDI, if the Soviet Union were no longer control. whose development could benefit both coun­ bound by the ABM Treaty, the Soviet Union "The most immediate result of an 'early de­ tries through improved knowledge of existing would be in a position to deploy a rudimentary ployment' of the kind being proposed will be forces and early· warning, and second, testing ground-based, nationwide defense system the destruction of the ABM Treaty. Even space-based devices which have the potential giving partial protection to its missile bases under the administration's unjustified 'broad' to destroy or damage other objects- kill well before the United States is in a position interpretation of the ABM Treaty, the develop­ mechanisms and devices which could provide to do so. The only alternative to limiting both ment and testing of kinetic energy-based ABM power for such mechanisms. During the 10- types of weapons by agreement is costly and systems and components in space is unequi­ year period in which the ABM Treaty would be dangerous competition in both. vocably prohibited and would put the United maintained, both countries would be permitted Fourth. Is "early deployment" of SDI practi­ States in violation of the treaty very soon after to test the first category, but not the second. cal and advisable? How would a decision for a decision was made. Furthermore, deploy­ Testing active space-based sensors like " early deployment" of SDI affect the arms ment of this type of area defense would vio­ lasers at destructive strength would be prohib­ control negotiations? late not only the specific constraints in article ited, as would simultaneous testing of sensors Mr. McNamara starkly warned about the ad­ Ill and article V but would also be a material and ground-based ABM kill devices." verse implications of "early SDI deployment." breach of the parties' fundamental obligation Seventh. Should both sides pursue an ap­ He described the proposal for "early deploy­ in article I 'not to deploy ABM systems for a proximate SO-percent reduction in strategic ment" of SDI "the biggest threat to arms con­ defense of the territory of this country and not nuclear weapons during an initial 5-year trol on the horizon." He added: "[T]he kinds to provide a base for such a defense.' If the period, as discussed at Reykjavik? of weapons being proposed are the very kinds ABM Treaty were terminated, the United Mr. McNamara called for deep reductions of technologies which have been rejected in States will face a spiralling arms race in both on the order of 50 percent, with sublimits de­ the past because they simply cannot be de­ defensive and offensive systems, a competi­ signed to enhance crisis stability. He said, ployed in a cost-effective and survivable tion that will seriously jeopardize our national "Both sides should move to reduce their de­ manner." Mr. McNamara said that "early de­ security and will require major increases in the pendence on threatening multiple warhead de­ ployment" would "confirm the existing Soviet military budget." livery systems and vulnerable basing modes." suspicions that we are seeking to develop a Fifth. How practical is the rationale for SDI Mr. Smith embraced the goal of a SO-per­ first strike capability. Why will the Soviets sus­ as it was envisaged at Reykjavik, that is, as a cent reduction, but said that a 5-year period to pect that deployment of a partially effective shield deployed after elimination of all off en­ achieve it is "probably too short." He ex­ defense supports a first strike strategy? Be­ sive strategic ballistic missiles to protect plained, "Confidence in controls has been cause a leaky umbrella offers no protection in against Soviet cheating and the "madman" shaken by exaggeration of the existence of, a downpour that is quite useful in a drizzle. who could create nuclear weapons? and significance of past Soviet treaty viola- February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3337 tions, and by United States unilateral breach rational in relation to our interest. The SDI February is Black History Month and I wel­ of SALT II. It will take some time to restore technology is on the cutting edge not only of come this opportunity to recognize this impor­ mutual confidence in the arms .control proc­ technology that will support strategic defense tant month. ess." but also strategic offense, conventional . of­ Mr. Dean urged extending the time period to fense, conventional defense, and commercial 10 years, thereby "giving a smoother transi­ advantage in the next two to three decades." A CONGRESSIONAL PAY RAISE IS UNACCEPTABLE tion for this large reduction and a longer The subcommittee hearing made it abun­ period to install a complex verification system, dantly clear that Congress must continue to and to keep the ABM Treaty in force for the examine "the pros and cons of the respective HON. JIM LIGHTFOOT full 1O years." positions" covering the whole range of issues OF IOWA Eighth. Should the ABM Treaty be terminat­ arising from the Reykjavik talks. It is my inten­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed? tf not, should the traditional interpretation tion, as chairman of the Committee on For­ Wednesday, Febrµ,ary 1~, 1987 of the ABM Treaty be enforced? eign Affairs and its Subcommittee on Arms None of the witnesses called for terminating Control to continue that effort. Mr. LIGHTFOOT. Mr. Speaker, I wish to the ABM Treaty. Mr. Smith called upon Con­ take this opportunity to express my strong op­ gress to "take steps to preserve the ABM position to the recommendation by the Com­ Treaty." Mr. McNamara said, "First and fore­ BLACK HISTORY MONTH mission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial most, we must preserve the integrity of the Salaries and in the administration's budget to ABM Treaty, without which we will be unable increase the pay of senior Federal officials to even begin the process of control * * *. It HON. BOB CARR and to the action taken by this body last week is painfully obvious that the key to unlocking oF MICHIGAN to allow a congressional pay raise to go into the current stalemate in arms control is to get IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES effect. the administration to reaffirm the ABM Treaty In addition, I object to the fact that there as it has traditionally been interpreted. I Wednesday, February 11, 1987 was no recorded vote allowed on the resolu­ cannot overemphasize the importance of this Mr. CARR. Mr. Speaker, Black History tion to disapprove this pay increase. issue to the prospect for arms control under M~th holds special meaning for all of us, in Under the administration recommendation, this and future administrations." Michigan and throughout the United States. It Members of Congress will receive a $12, 100 While Dr. Payne said that the United States enables Americans of all races to learn more pay increase, equal to a 15.6 percent raise. A should conclude yet that it needs to withdraw about the contribution of black Americans to number of concerns lead me to oppose this from the ABM Treaty, Mr. Dean recommended our history. I am pleased to take part in recog­ pay raise. For one, the Federal budget re­ an agreement to keep the ABM Treaty in nizing that contribution. mains disastrously out of balance, with an ac­ force for 1O years. cumulating public debt of close to $2.8 trillion. Ninth. What are the most important things This Nation's black heritage is rich in tradi- Many of my constituents, particularly those Congress should do in relation to arms control ~~e~' much richer than most realize. For exam­ who farm, have suffered dramatic reductions following the Reykjavik talks? in income, with no opportunity on the horizon Messrs. Smith and Dean called on Con- When Christopher Columbus discovered the for improving their standards of living. They 90 gress, through its funding power, to ensure New World, a black man, Alonzo Nino was not have the opportunity to vote themselves a that the United States maintains its strategic with him. pay raise. forces at levels which comply with the SALT II Crispus Attucks was killed in the Boston Furthermore, Social Security recipients on a Treaty sublimits. Mr. McNamara argued that, massacre while defying British soldiers, one of fixed income received only a 1.3 percent cost­ "the United States should move to reinstate ·the first blacks to die for the young democra- of-living adjustment-the lowest COLA ever. U.S. compliance with the critical SALT II sub- cyJames Armistead risked his life behind Social Security recipients also don't have the limits so long as the Soviet Union remains in .o pportunity to vote themselves a pay raise. compliance." enemy lines, providing Marquis de Lafayette I am a cosponsor of legislation which re­ Mr. Smith urged Congress to "take steps to with valuable information, enabling the French quires a separate vote on any pay raise pro­ preserve the ABM Treaty." He said, "Surely to check the troop advancement of British posal and requires that each Member first there must be some way to get the congres- General Cornwallis. stand for reelection prior to receiving a raise. sional will across to the executive branch that Of the original 44 settlers of the city of Los This method is similar to that used by many the treaty did mean what the Senate was told Angeles, half were black. States in determining pay for their State legis­ it meant in 1972." Mr. McNamara urged Con- Frederick Douglass, an ex-slave and black latures and is the fairest way to handle con­ gress to "limit the authorization for the appro- abolitionist, delivered powerful speeches per­ gressional pay. Had this legislation been en­ priation of funds for the SDI to activities that suading many Northerners that slavery was acted, the de facto approval of a pay raise are consistent with the ABM Treaty as it was wrong. could not have happened. interpreted by the Senate when they approved Harriet Tubman, the famous conductor of I also have signed a pledge to vote against it." Mr. Dean agreed, recommending that Con- the underground railroad, Booker T. Washing­ any pay raise and today I am abiding by that gress "refuse to fund SDI activities which ton, educator at Tuskeege Institute, are pledge. But unfortunately it is too late. The could violate the existing agreement and cer- others. House leadership wrongly prevented us from tainly not [fund] a premature deployment Matthew A. Henson, a black explorer ac­ voting against this pay raise and I object to scheme * * *" Dr. Payne said that Congress companied Lt. Robert Peary on the historic the.t procedural maneuver in . the strongest should "fully fund SDI research". first expedition to the North Pole in 1909 and possible terms. Mr. McNamara recommended that Con- place the American flag there on behalf of the gress "explore more fully than it has yet had United States. an opportunity to do the pros and cons of the And, of course, there was Martin Luther CONGRESS MUST STOP SELLING respective positions." He said, "One says that King, Jr., Rosa Parks, Jesse Owens, and a SHORT AMERICA'S NA'l'IONAL it is contrary to our interest to restrict the of- host of others who have played an important PARKS tense and permit deployment of the defense part in the history of our country. in strategic systems, and the other says, on Black History Month gives us a chance to HON. DICK CHENEY the contrary, that's very much in our interest. look back on what we have accomplished: -OF WYOMING * * * This is a critical problem. * * *. [T]he . The gains we have made to ensure equal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES difficulty of it is the reason why the President status in this country. But it is also a time to has put forward such an absurd suggestion as focus on what has to be done in the future. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 that we will transfer our SDI technology to the Ths freedoms we have now are not as full or Mr. CHENEY. Mr. Speaker, the closing days Soviets. I understand why he put it forward; as rich or as complete as we would like them of the 99th Congress redressed one of the se­ it's logical in relation to his objective, which is to be. We must work within the political and rious shortcomings of the law governing to deploy defense with offense. It is totally ir- social systems to keep that fight going. America's national parks: the bill that contin- 3338 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 11, 1987 ued Federal appropriations ended the 7-year cost of lunch at a fast food restaurant or the INTERGOVERNMENTAL freeze on park entrance fees. But because price of a movie. And the $1 O charge is exact­ MANDATE RELIEF ACT OF 1987 that action was taken in the continuing resolu­ ly what it cost to enter Yellowstone in 1916. tion, the authority to charge reasonable fees This bill raises the cost of the Golden Eagle HON. DOUG BARNARD, JR. will expire later this year. Now is the time for passport to $40, which will still represent one OF GEORGIA Congress to work deliberately and carefully of America's biggest bargains. The Golden toward a permanent nationwide system of Eagle pass allows unlimited visits to all nation­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES park entrance fees. al park areas for 1 year. If a family used the Wednesday, February 11, 1987 Even if the continuing resolution represent­ pass only five times a year, it would represent ed the perfect solution, Congress would have Mr. BARNARD. Mr. Speaker, it is my pleas­ a saving over paying an entrance fee at each to act anyway, because it established new en­ ure today to reintroduce my bill from the 99th trance fees only during fiscal year 1987. If park. Congress, the Intergovernmental Mandate Congress takes no action, the parks would be The bill introduces a once-in-a-lifetime Relief Act of 1987, which Mr. DURENBERGER back to the outdated 1979 rates by the end of charge of $1 O for the Golden Age passport, a will be introducing in the Senate after the Lin­ September. But the fees now in effect, while a special version of the Golden Eagle that is coln/Washington district work period. good start, aren't nearly high enough to reflect available to .seniors. They would pay for it only This bill addresses the problem of the grow­ the present and future needs of America's na­ once and could then use it indefinitely. And ing burden placed on State and local govern­ tional parks, recreation areas, and historic the bill establishes a special $15 single park ments to carry out federally mandated regula­ sites. No matter how you look at the fee prob­ fee for annual admission into a specific park tions without offsetting receipts. Though there lem, whether by the calendar or by the fees or several specific parks in a single area. For are no concrete figures, rough estimates indi­ themselves, Congress must enact a perma­ example, the $15 fee would allow unlimited cate costs to State and local governments nent fee solution. visits to both Yellowstone and Grand Teton may be as high as $200 billion a year. In all, Some of the features of the current system National Parks for 1 year. the actual level of Federal assistance to should be preserved by permanent legislation. The bill further authorizes volunteers to help States and localities has declined from 15.5 percent of total budget outlays and 3.4 per­ Paramount among these is authority for the collect fees. Such a procedure could reduce cent of the GNP in 1980 to 11.4 percent and National Park Service to retain every cent that the cost of collecting fees and would enhance 2. 7 percent respectively in 1986. The Presi­ is collected in entrance fees. The old system a visitor's experience by allowing park volun­ was at best deceptive. Most park visitors must dent's fiscal year 1988 budget would further teers to collect fees instead of having to say, have thought that the money they handed to reduce Federal assistance to 10.4 percent of "Sorry, but I can't help you." And the legisla­ the ranger at the entrance station would outlays and 2.2 percent of the GNP. I believe somehow be spent at the park where it was tion requires the Park Service to notify the ap­ this bill is especially needed in view of the ter­ collected. propriate committees of Congress 60 days mination of the General Revenue Sharing Pro­ But it wasn't. The money went into the Land before making any changes in park entrance gram and the passage of the new tax bill and Water Conservation Fund, which makes fees. which eliminates deductibility of sales tax and possible many worthwhile municipal · park The bill preserves the system now used at restricts municipal bonds. projects around the country. But the General Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. In a nutshell, the bill I am introducing with Treasury ought to be the source for the fund, Payment of a single fee allows visitors to Senator DURENBERGER requires the Federal not the Nation's national park visitors. Para­ enter either park or both parks. The $15 Government to reimburse State and local gov­ mount legislation must be enacted to guaran­ annual park pass would similarly admit its ernments for costs imposed by new Federal tee that the revenue collected in fees is kept holder into both parks. The legislation would mandates which exceed $25 million. Where it by the Park Service. raise entrance fees to a maximum of $10 at is inappropriate for Congress to share such There are further problems that demand Yellowstone and Grand Teton. And the Na­ costs, Congress can exempt a regulation from new legislation. The stopgap now in effect tional Park Service would be authorized to reimbursement upon a two-thirds vote of both limits park entrance fees to $5 per car or $3 raise fees at Fort Laramie National Historic Chambers. per person for visitors not entering by car. It Site and Devil's Tower National Monument. Let me stress that this bill by itself does not limits the charge for the annual Golden Eagle Finally, the legislation I am introducing add a penny to the Federal deficit because it does not affect laws already on the books. pass to $25 and imposes no charge for the today would allow the parks collecting fees to But it will force the Federal Government to act Golden Age pass. And it sets low limits for the keep 40 percent of the revenue they collect. responsibly when enacting future regulations. portion of fees collected at each park that is The Director of the National Park Service This bill is endorsed by the National League earmarked to stay with the park of collection. would have the authority to distribute the re­ A fee of $5 for a family of four entering Yel­ of Cities, the National Governors' Association, maining 60 percent of fee revenue to all lowstone or Grand Teton National Park is an the National Conference of State Legislatures, parks, both collecting and noncollecting, as he improvement from the old fee of $2, but it is the U.S. Conference of Mayors, and the Na­ still ridiculously small. The Nation's national sees fit. tional Association of Counties, and I hope you parks must be preserved and maintained as Since the higher entrance fees authorized will be able to support it. first-class tourist facilities. We owe it to the by the continuing resolution went into effect visitors of today, and we owe a promise to to­ on February 1, the charges at some national morrow's visitors that the parks they see will park units have become lightning rods for criti­ A TRIBUTE TO EVERETT "ELLIE" be more than merely tarnished versions of cism of the entrance fee concept. I sincerely CONWAY what their grandparents experienced. hope that the early reaction to charging $1 at And if national parks are to be more than the Statue of Liberty will not color the entire HON. NORMAND. SHUMWAY snack bars in a pretty setting, we must be re­ debate over park fees. Congress and the Park OF CALIFORNIA sponsible enough to provide the professional Service are capable of fine-tuning the fee IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES park managers with the wherewithal to protect structure without tossing out the entire con­ and maintain the natural resources that are cept. Wednesday, February 11, 1987 the pride of America's remarkable National Mr. Speaker, it is essential that we preserve Mr. SHUMWAY. Mr. Speaker, at this time I Park System. A $5 entrance fee fer a carload the natural resources of our parks. It is equally ask that my colleagues join with me in paying of visitors is simply insufficient for the job. important that we maintain park visitor facili­ tribute to Everett "Ellie" Conway, an outstand­ The bill I am introducing today incorporates ties. There can be no doubt that Yellowstone, ing individual who recently retired from the po­ both the imperatives of permanent authority Grand Teton, and the other parks in the sition of executive secretary and manager of and realistic fees. It establishes a limit of $10 Nation desperately need the money. I urge my the San Joaquin County (California) Farm per car, or $5 per person for those who enter colleagues to enact permanent fee legislation Bureau. in some way other than in a car. The $10 before the current temporary system expires. A lifelong resident of the county, Ellie has charge for the average family of four is still devoted his working career to agriculture. Not reasonable, especially if you compare it to the only have his able efforts resulted in personal February 11, 1987 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3339 success-he has also used his experience legeville Farm Center. For years, he farmed numerous and invaluable, and he will be and knowledge for the betterment of farmers with a family partnership, and he helped orga­ sorely missed. However, I am confident that throughout the area. In addition to his service nize the Linden-based Grain Growers Associa­ he will continue to serve the community and with the farm bureau, which began in 1965 as tion of California. the county in numerous ways, and that the a field representative, Ellie has been extreme­ Agriculture is quite literally the backbone of mark he has made will not be forgotten. ly active with the San Joaquin County Agricul­ San Joaquin County, and Ellie Conway has Congratulations on a job well done, Ellie, tural Advisory Board, the Hall of Fame Com­ contributed greatly to the health and prosperi­ and every best wish to you and your family for mittee of the Stockton Ag Expo, and the Col- ty of that vital industry. His contributions are enjoyable retirement years.