DOCSLIB.ORG

The Politics of Non-Incremental School Finance Reform: a Case Study Analysis of Vermont’S Act 60 As a Test of Mazzoni’S Arena Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Politics of Non-Incremental School Finance Reform: a Case Study Analysis of Vermont’S Act 60 As a Test of Mazzoni’S Arena Model ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE POLITICS OF NON-INCREMENTAL SCHOOL FINANCE REFORM: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF VERMONT’S ACT 60 AS A TEST OF MAZZONI’S ARENA MODEL Kimberly Anne Curtis, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Dissertation Directed by: Professor Betty Malen Department of Education Policy Studies This research, grounded in political theory, had two major purposes: 1) to explain a case of non-incremental policy change within the realm of school finance reform; and 2) to test the utility of Mazzoni’s (1991) arena model for explaining state-level school finance policymaking. These goals were accomplished through an examination of the Vermont state legislature’s policymaking process in response to the Vermont Supreme Court Brigham v. State (1997) ruling declaring the state’s system of school finance unconstitutional. This analysis sought to explain how key political actors, taking advantage of favorable reform conditions, utilized power derived from positional authority as well as personal influence to impact the passage of Act 60, an innovative and forcefully redistributive piece of school finance legislation. The research employed a qualitative case method as a means to answer the research questions. Data collection drew from an informant interview process supported by extensive primary and secondary source document review. Data were systematically analyzed against the conceptual framework, presented in a case narrative and discussed in light of related literature to generate analytic conclusions with regard to the process of state education policymaking for school finance. Study findings highlight the general utility of Mazzoni’s arena model in explaining non-incremental policy change in the realm of school finance reform; the importance of politically savvy and well-situated policy entrepreneurs who can take advantage of propitious events such as a court ruling to advance non-incremental policy reform; and the role of political elites in advancing the cause of school finance reform. Suggestions for future research include the potential refinement of the arena model to include a judicial arena and the use of other policy frameworks to analyze non- incremental policy innovation for school finance. THE POLITICS OF NON-INCREMENTAL SCHOOL FINANCE REFORM: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF VERMONT’S ACT 60 AS A TEST OF MAZZONI’S ARENA MODEL by Kimberly Anne Curtis Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2011 Advisory Committee: Professor Betty Malen, Chair Professor J. Edward Andrews Professor Jennifer King Rice Professor Robert Croninger Professor Margaret McLaughlin © Copyright by Kimberly Anne Curtis 2011 Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to extend my deep appreciation to study participants who so kindly shared their time and experiences with me. They exemplify Vermont’s spirit of generosity and tolerance. I offer my gratitude to the members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Edward Andrews, Dr. Jennifer Rice, Dr. Robert Croninger and Dr. Margaret McLaughlin, for their expert review, insightful comments and helpful suggestions. I owe a special debt of gratitude to my advisor and dissertation chair, Dr. Betty Malen, whose intellect inspired me and whose encouragement sustained me throughout my career as a graduate student. Finally, I extend my love and appreciation to my family for their support. Special appreciation goes to my husband, Matt Katzive, for his unwavering love and commitment throughout this entire process. He was there to tell me that I could do it even when I thought I couldn’t. A final acknowledgement goes to my daughters, Caroline and Anna, whose lives have filled my heart with joy and added special meaning to my work in education. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgement ii Table of Contents iii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Topic and Purpose 6 Potential Significance 7 Conceptual Framework and Central Research Questions 9 Organization of the Study 11 Chapter 2: Discussion of Related Literature and Description of the Conceptual Framework 12 Issue Area: The Politics of School Finance Reform 12 Values Underpinning the Politics of School Finance Reform 13 The Politics of State Education Policymaking 17 The Politics of School Finance Reform 26 Theoretical Framework: The Process of State Education Policymaking 39 Classic Conceptions of Policymaking Frameworks: Criteria for Selecting a Framework 39 State Education Policymaking Frameworks 42 Mazzoni’s Arena Model 46 Conceptual Framework for this Study 55 Research Questions Derived from the Conceptual Framework 61 Study Limitations 62 Definition of Key Components of the Conceptual Framework 64 Chapter Summary 66 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methods 67 Site Selection Rationale 67 Importance of the Issue Area 68 Analytic Value of the Vermont Setting 69 Compatibility with the Analytic Framework 72 Case Study Rationale 73 Data Sources, Data Gathering Methods and Data Analysis 76 Data Sources 76 Procedures for Data Gathering 80 Procedures for Data Analysis 89 Validity: Checks for Bias and Error 92 Credibility 92 Transferability 95 Dependability 97 Ethical Considerations 99 Chapter Summary 100 iii Chapter 4: Policymaking Context and Issue Background 101 Cultural, Economic and Political Features of the Vermont Policy Environment 101 Cultural Norms, Values and Traditions 102 Economic Forces 106 Political Culture 109 Institutional Features of the Vermont Legislative System 113 The Legislature: Composition 114 The Legislature: Structure 117 The Governor 121 The Lieutenant Governor 125 The State Board of Education 126 The State Department of Education 127 The Judiciary 127 Local Government 129 School Finance Interest Groups in Vermont 131 The Education Lobby 134 Municipal Government Lobby 138 Business Organizations 138 Gold Towns/Ski Resort Lobby 139 Pro-School Finance Reform Advocacy Groups 141 School Finance Issue Background 143 School Finance on the National Scene 143 School Finance in Vermont 151 Chapter Summary 161 Chapter 5: Case Findings and Interpretations 163 Synopsis of Judicial Action 163 Synopsis of Legislative Response 164 Enacting Act 60 167 Subsystem Arena 168 Commission Arena 186 Macro Arena 203 Leadership Arena 300 Gauging a Win: Interpretation of the Policymaking Process 361 Decision Outcome Method 362 Reputational Assessment Method 368 Resource Assessment Method 372 Analysis of Non-Decision Method 379 Summary 380 Chapter 6: Assessment of the Arena Model 382 Topic and Case Selection Rationale 382 Policy Problem 383 Study Purpose 384 iv Conceptual Framework 384 Assessment of the Individual Components of the Arena Model 385 Subsystem Arena 386 Commission Arena 392 Macro Arena 398 Leadership Arena 403 Assessment of the Arena Model as a Whole 409 Suggestions for Future Research: Refining Mazzoni’s Arena Model 413 Scope of Participation 414 Decisionmaking Process 415 Visibility 416 Policy Outcomes 416 Suggestions for Future Research: Beyond Mazzoni’s Arena Model 417 Chapter Summary 418 Appendices: Appendix A: Diagram of Mazzoni’s Arena Model 419 Appendix B: Informed Consent Form 420 Appendix C: Description of the Case Study 423 Appendix D: Vermont School Finance Reform Chronology 424 Appendix E: Informal Interview Guide 427 Appendix F: In-Depth Interview Guide 431 Appendix G: Interview Evaluation 441 Appendix H: Diagram of Revised Arena Model 442 References 443 v CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Although states are constitutionally obligated to provide public education, most have delegated a major portion of this responsibility to local school districts. For example, states have long tasked local districts with the primary responsibility for funding public education. These districts have traditionally relied on revenue collected from local property taxes to fund their schools (Ward, 1998; DeMoss, 2003; Schmidt & Scott, 2004; Shelly, 2011). However, disparities in taxable local district wealth have frequently led to sizable differences in school funding levels across school districts within any given state (Rebell, 2009). While state financial intervention has ameliorated school funding discrepancies in most states, locally generated revenue still accounts for approximately 45 percent of school budgets and sizable funding discrepancies persist (Baker, Green & Richards, 2008). As McUsic (1999) notes: “The distribution of educational resources is remarkably unequal in the United States, skewed across lines of race and class” (p. 88). Yet, a quality education is viewed as an essential component of a successful and productive adult life. Structural impediments such as funding disparities frequently prevent equitable access to education for America’s poor and minority students. School finance reform1 is often viewed as one front in the push for eliminating those structural impediments and is predicated on the belief that improved access to education funding 1 In her study of the politics of school finance reform in four Midwestern states, Siegel (1976) defines the term school finance reform as “…attempts by state governments to restructure their school aid formula in order to provide greater equity in the distribution of educational revenues and in their tax structures” (p. 218). can improve educational outcomes for students (Card & Payne, 2002; Jimerson, 2001; Jimerson, 2002). Since the late 1960s, the courts have served as the primary vehicle for those groups seeking to address discrepancies in school finance. In the ensuing decades,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • OFFICIAL RETURN of VOTES Democratic Party Race Candidate
    PRIMARY ELECTIONS AUGUST 26, 2014 Pursuant to the Primary Election Warning recorded in the Town Records, Book 20, page 339, the Polls were declared open at 7:00 A.M. by the Town Clerk in the three polling districts. The three polling districts are stated in the Warning. At 6:55 P.M. the Town Clerk warned that the polls would close in 5 minutes. At 7:00 P.M. the polls were declared closed. After declaring the polls closed a printout from the Accu-Vote ballot tabulator containing the results was run. The “unofficial” returns were then distributed at the polling places. Ballot summaries were compiled by the Town Clerk and evening election workers. Upon completion of the count, all voted ballots were sealed in boxes. All unvoted ballots, tabulators with sealed memory packs, printouts, tally sheets and district supply boxes were returned to the Town Clerk’s office. The following persons were declared elected in their respective primary races. OFFICIAL RETURN OF VOTES Democratic Party Race Candidate Write-In Dist 1 Dist 2 Dist 3 Total Representative to Peter Welch 263 311 362 936 Congress The following individuals received 1 vote each: Pat McPike, Mark Donka, Paige Martin, Donald Russell, Pat Lapan, Evan Chadwick, and Matthew Andrews. Governor H. Br ooke Paige 27 28 35 90 Peter Shumlin 229 281 335 845 Scott Milne 0 4 3 7 Emily Peyton 3 2 0 5 Doug Racine 2 0 2 4 The following individuals received 1 vote each: Matt Dunne, William Wilmot, Steve Berry, Doug Cox, Bernie Sanders, Barbara Holliday, and Bruce Lisman.
    [Show full text]
  • The Character of Vermont : Twentieth-Anniversary Reflections Michael Sherman
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Center for Research on Vermont Occasional Papers Research Centers and Institutes 1996 The character of Vermont : twentieth-anniversary reflections Michael Sherman Jennie G. Versteeg Samuel B. Hand Paul S. Gillies Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/crvocc Recommended Citation Sherman, Michael; Versteeg, Jennie G.; Hand, Samuel B.; and Gillies, Paul S., "The character of Vermont : twentieth-anniversary reflections" (1996). Center for Research on Vermont Occasional Papers. 5. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/crvocc/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Centers and Institutes at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Center for Research on Vermont Occasional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OCCASIONAL PAPER #19 CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON VERMONT UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT BURLINGTON, VERMONT . ... : . ~.._ - - THE CHARACTER OF VERMONT Twentieth-Anniversary Reflections By MICHAEL SHERMAN and JENNIE VERSTEEG SAMUEL B. HAND and PAUL GILLIES WILB F ,Sfen 19'/b ~ ./ © 1996 by the University of Vermont. All rights reserved ISBN 0-944277-34-9 The Center for Research on Vermont University of Vermont Burlington, VT 05401-3439 802/656-43 89 email: [email protected] ...Wil!Ul CuONiVITi"iT LU CTIO yN J Of V!l!AONT l1 81A!T Contents Foreword Paul Eschholz . v11 Part 1 The Character of Vermont: Then and Now The Character of Vermont: Then and Now Michael Sherman and Jennie Versteeg . 1 Appendix 1. Taylor's "Sample" of Vermonters .............. ... ...... 35 Appendix 2. Taylor's Respondents ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Budget Recommendations
    STATE OF VERMONT FISCAL YEAR 2009 BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 00AOA - Agency of Administration ........................................................................................................ 6 01100 - Secretary of Administration....................................................................................................... 9 01105 - Information and Innovation ..................................................................................................... 12 01110 - Finance and Management ........................................................................................................ 18 01120 - Human Resources .................................................................................................................... 23 01130 - Libraries ................................................................................................................................... 30 01140 - Tax ........................................................................................................................................... 35 01150 - Buildings and General Services ............................................................................................... 42 09170 - Geographic Information System .............................................................................................. 65 01200 - Executive Office ......................................................................................................................... 68 01210 - Legislative Council ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A WEC Energy Forum Gubernatorial Candidates Speak to Costs, Climate Change, and Vermont’S Energy Future
    www.washingtonelectric.coop Vol. 71, No. 4 The newsletter of Washington Electric Cooperative, Inc., East Montpelier, Vermont. June 2010 A WEC Energy Forum Gubernatorial Candidates Speak to Costs, Climate Change, and Vermont’s Energy Future hey came to discuss energy, the Republican candidate had come, “One of the most important but I think people learned more Tissues facing our state today about these Democratic candidates and in the coming years,” as WEC by being in the room with them and President Barry Bernstein framed it. hearing them answer the questions Line Foreman Tim Pudvah at work in the forest canopy off the County Road in Washington Electric Co-op’s Board and display their personalities. I East Montpelier. The veteran WEC lineman is shown replacing transmission- of Directors had extended think it went really well.” line insulators, part of a project to replace 495 of them this summer. an invitation to all of It was nearly 7 the major-party p.m. – almost candidates for a half-hour governor of after the Vermont in scheduled An Open House 2010 to par- 6:30 start ticipate in an – when In Plainfield energy forum the five at the Co-op’s candidates WEC Member’s House Was Too ‘Open’ May 12 Annual arranged Membership themselves on Before Home Performance Work Meeting, and the Matt Dunne (center), shown with the dais in the five Democratic WEC President Barry Bernstein Montpelier Elks udy Cyprian opened up her idea. In 2009 she contracted with contend- (right), was one of five Democratic Club dining Plainfield home to strangers Montpelier Construction L.L.C., a ers accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Brickyards and Frameworks: a Retrospectus and Prospectus on Vermont History Writing
    Brickyards and Frameworks: A Retrospectus and Prospectus on Vermont History Writing Under the stimulus of the breakup of some old models of national, state, and local history, and armed with a panoply of new methods and models for dissecting our past, we have assembled a brickyard of small studies. Many of these reveal small gems of new insight about the lives of individuals, the look of communities, and the operation of institutions in our immediate neighborhood or region. Some new ideas about Vermont’s history lie among the bricks, but we may lack any common agreement on what the final product is supposed to look like. By Michael Sherman Bassett’s Bibliography (1981) ust over two decades ago, Tom Bassett did what I have been asked to do for this symposium: to take a reading on what has Jbeen accomplished in Vermont history and assess future needs and directions. He had just completed the work of compiling a bibliog- raphy of Vermont history, volume four of the Bibliographies of New England History, a series that continues to this day. It is a surprisingly ..................... Michael Sherman, editor of Vermont History, is on the faculty of Vermont Col- lege of The Union Institute & University. He was director of the Vermont Histor- ical Society from 1985 to 1995 and is currently completing a history of Vermont in collaboration with Gene Sessions and P. Jeffrey Potash. Vermont History 71 (Winter/Spring 2003): 11–45. © 2003 by the Vermont Historical Society. ISSN: 0042-4161; online ISSN: 1544-3043 12 ..................... thick volume: 293 pages, double column, folio size, that includes 6,413 entries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Response from Vermont Public Serv
    Baily and Seager Therrien, March 9, 2014 HISTORY OF THERRIEN FAMILY PLEA FOR HELP, 2012 - 2014 Response from Vermont Public Service Board to Luann Therrienʼs email of Feb. 6, 2014 Steven N Luann Therrien Dear Ms. Therrien: The Board members have received and reviewed your e-mail dated February 6, 2014. The Board understands that your family has concerns regarding noise impacts from the operation of the First Wind generation facility in Sheffield. However, the Board is not an agency tasked with providing legal representation or legal advice to individuals or entities, whether they are parties in a Board proceeding or not. Accordingly, the Board is unable to undertake on your behalf any of the actions you describe in your e-mail. If you have already done so with respect to this matter, you may choose to contact the Department of Public Service with your concerns. Sincerely, Susan M. Hudson Clerk of the Board Like · · Share · March 6 at 3:47pm ----------------------------------- March 6, 2014 Luann Therrienʼs post on Facebook group Victims of Industrial Wind, which she started: I would like to thank First Wind and all their supporters for making our lives a complete nightmare!!!! Every aspect of our existence is now consumed by someone else's greed profit and unrealistic goal set for renewables. So blinded by the set goal and money to be made that the damage done to land home and health is the least of their worries. 2 We have been told by our Drs. to not work. We have no disposable $, what we have we hold onto tightly in our effort to flee.
    [Show full text]
  • Vermont in Transition: a Summary of Social, Economic and Environmental Trends
    Vermont in Transition: A Summary of Social, Economic and Environmental Trends A study by Center for Social Science Research at Saint Michael’s College Vince Bolduc, Ph. D. and Herb Kessel, Ph. D for the Council on the Future of Vermont December 2008 Preface After 15 years of facilitating community engagement in towns The research team responsible for throughout Vermont and building non-partisan policy councils to this work, led Dr. Vince Bolduc and address issues of fundamental importance to the state, in 2007 the Dr. Herb Kessel, did an incredible Vermont Council on Rural Development (VCRD) founded the job of collaborating with researchers Council on the Future of Vermont. VCRD believes that in this and data analysts from state, federal time of change, all Vermonters should have a role in describing the and local agencies and organizations. goals and priorities for the future and the common starting points They have compiled data on that can help us be successful in addressing them. Vermont’s economy, demographics, education, agriculture, land use, and many other important policy issues of our time, identifying For eighteen months, the Council on the Future of Vermont has major trends in specific category areas, and tracking those transitions toured the state, holding public forums and focus groups, asking over time. At Vermont Council on Rural Development, we believe thousands of Vermonters to share their visions for the future, the this report will be valuable resource to many in the state, especially opportunities and challenges they see, and what priorities they would policy, philanthropic, business and non-profits leaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Creates Good Kids Donate Online: 888-475-KIDS (5437)
    FALL 2017 Our Mission The Vermont Children’s Trust Foundation promotes the well-being of children and families in Vermont by raising funds for community-based prevention programs. community creates good kids Donate Online: www.vtchildrenstrust.org 888-475-KIDS (5437) Your Support Changes Perspectives … and promotes kindness Listening to Sam Drazin talk about his program, Changing Perspectives, is an education in itself. His compelling personal story and the richness of his curriculum convinced us he should apply to VCTF for a grant. VCTF is about prevention and Sam’s program is prevention at its best. Building awareness, instilling empathy and encouraging openness among students, the program works toward increasing acceptance and diminishing bullying and isolation. Everybody wants to feel included. Unfortunately, students with disabilities are two to three times more likely to be bullied than their non-disabled peers. People with disabilities are more a part of society today than ever before. Teachers are expected to create inclusive classroom communities with a diverse student body. Many teachers and parents need guidance when discussing disabilities with children. Awareness is the foundation to empathy. For students to achieve a greater sense of empathy, they must first develop an awareness of differences and have supportive adults who can facilitate safe and meaningful discussions. ABOUT SAM: Sam, a native Vermonter and former elementary educator, was born with Treacher Collins Syndrome - resulting in both facial anomaly and hearing loss. Sam underwent seven Thanks in part to your support, 22 schools throughout surgeries as a child while attending his local public school. Sam's Vermont are implementing Changing Perspectives, encouraging experiences, both as a student and as a teacher working in an inclusive classroom, made him recognize the importance of empathy among students as they learn about each other’s improving awareness and understanding of disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Senate: Kentucky: Leans Republican Mcconnell (R-Inc) Vs
    A M i n u t e - by- Minute Analysis of Which Races To Watch and Why You Should Watch Them By Arjun Jaikumar (brownsox) 6:00 EST Presidential: 1 Safe McCain: Kentucky (8) 1 Toss Up: Indiana (11) Senate: Kentucky: Leans Republican McConnell (R-inc) vs. Lunsford (D) Governor: Indiana: Likely Republican Daniels (R-inc) vs. Long Thompson (D) House: KY-02: Leans Republican Guthrie (R-open) vs. Boswell (D) KY-03: Likely Democratic Northup (R) vs. Yarmuth (D-inc) IN-03: Lean Republican Souder (R-inc) vs. Montagano (D) IN-09: Lean Democratic Sodrel (R) vs. Hill (D-inc) Polls close in Kentucky and Indiana in the eastern parts of the state at 6 EST. Polls in the CST part of the states reportedly will not close until 7:00 EST. Nevertheless, some of the earliest returns will come in from Kentucky and Indiana, so here’s how to read them as a barometer for the election. Presidential - Indiana The presidential contest has not been especially close here for several elections. The last time Indiana was too close to call when polls closed was during Bill Clinton’s 370-electoral-vote landslide in 1992. Even then, Clinton wound up losing the state by a significant margin. If Indiana is announced too close to call when polls close this year, it will be an indicator that Barack Obama is headed for a similar landslide victory himself, even if he isn’t quite able to carry the state. If Obama wins Indiana, you can start popping the champagne corks. While it doesn’t get him to 270 (when added to the Kerry states), it puts him just seven short, and victory in any one of Iowa, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Ohio, Colorado, Missouri (or in both Nevada and New Mexico) would win the election for him.
    [Show full text]
  • 2001 Fiscal Facts
    2001 FI$CAL FACT$ VERMONT LEGISLATIVE JOINT FISCAL OFFICE Joint Fiscal Committee 2001 - 2002 Legislative Session Senator Susan Bartlett Senator Robert Ide Senator Cheryl Rivers Senator Richard Sears Senator Peter Shumlin Representative Richard Marron Representative Frank Mazur Representative Gaye Symington Representative Richard Westman Representative Mark Young Staff Stephen Klein, Chief Fiscal Officer Douglas Williams, Deputy Fiscal Officer Maria Belliveau, Associate Fiscal Officer Stephanie Barrett, Fiscal Analyst Chris Cole, Fiscal Analyst Steven Kappel, Fiscal Analyst Mark Perrault, Fiscal Analyst Sara Teachout, Fiscal Analyst Virginia Catone, Staff Assistant (session) Sandra Noyes, Data Manager/Office Administrator Rebecca Buck, Staff Associate/Personnel Officer 1 Baldwin Street Montpelier, Vermont 05633-5701 Phone: 802-828-2295 Fax: 802-828-2483 Internet: http://www.leg.state.vt.us/jfo Table of Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF STATE FINANCES...................................................1 Total State Budget: Fiscal Year 2001......................................................................1 REVENUE......................................................................................................................2 State Revenue Forecast by Fund Type & Source: FY 2001.....................................3 General Fund Forecast............................................................................................4 Transportation Fund Forecast.................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • General Election Results
    U.S. Senator Candidate TOTAL Percent Len Britton (Pomfret) - Republican 200 22% Stephen J. Cain ( Burlington) - Independent 8 1% Pete Diamondstone (Brattleboro) - Socialist 0 0% Cris Ericson (Chester) - United States Marijuna 7 1% Daniel Freilich (Wilmington) - Independent 15 2% Patrick Leahy (Middlesex) - Democratic 627 70% Johenry Nunes (Isle LaMotte) - Independent 0 0% Write In: 0 0% Write In: 0 0% Write In: 0 0% Spoiled 1 0% Blank 36 4% TOTALS 896 100% Representative to Congress Candidate TOTAL Percent Paul D. Beaudry (Swanton) - Republican 211 24% Gus Jaccaci (Thetford) - Independent 21 2% Jane Newton (Londonderry) - Socialst 7 1% Peter Welch 625 70% Write In: Len Britton 1 0% Write In: 0 0% Spoiled 2 0% Blank 29 3% TOTALS 896 100% Governor Candidate TOTAL Percent Brian Dubie (Essex) - Republican 345 39% Cris Ericson (Chester) - Independent 4 0% Dan Feliciano (Essex) - Independent 6 1% Ben Mitchell (Westminster) - Liberty Union 1 0% Em Peyton (Putney) - Independent 3 0% Peter Shumlin (Putney) - Democratic/Working Families 517 58% Dennis Steele (Kirby) - Independent 9 1% Write In: Matt Dunn 2 0% Write In: Phil Scott 1 0% Write In: Doug Racine 2 0% Spoiled 1 0% Blank 5 1% TOTALS 896 100% Lieutenant Governor Candidate TOTAL Percent Peter Garritano (Shelburne) - Independent 28 3% Steve Howard (Rutland City) - Democratic 359 40% Marjorie Power (Montpelier) - Progressive 41 5% Phil Scott (Berlin) - Republican 416 46% Boots Wardinski (Newbury) - Liberty Union 5 1% Write In: 0 0% Spoiled 0 0% Blank 47 5% TOTALS 896 100% State Treasurer Candidate
    [Show full text]
  • 1962-1963 Undergraduate Catalogue
    FOUNDED 1791 • BURLINGTON, VERMONT Bulletin of THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT THE CATALOGUE • 1962-1963 ANNOUNCEMENTS • 1963-1 964 Cover photo: The Guy V. Bailey Library completed in 1961. Photo by Eldred. Inside back cover: Entrance to Bailey Library. Photo by Eldred. Cover design by John MacLeod. Printed by Queen City Printers Inc. CORRESPONDENCE Admissions Requests for a catalogue, or information concerning admission poli­ cies and procedures, rooms and tuition Undergraduate Colleges Director of Admissions College of Medicine Dean of the College of Medicine Graduate College Dean of the Graduate College Evening Division Director of Evening Division Summer Session Director of the Summer Session Conferences and Institutes Director of Conferences and Institutes Transcripts of Records Office of Admissions and Records Scholarships and Loans Director of Financial Aid Employment of Seniors and Alumni Director of Placement Matters of Alumni Interest Alumni Secretary Matters of General University Interest The President Bulletin of the University of Vermont VOLUME 60 APRIL, 1963 NUMBER 13 Published by the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, sixteen times a year—once each in December, February, April, May, June, and August; twice in September and November; and three times in January and March. Second-class postage paid at Burlington, Vermont. THE CONTENTS PERSONNEL 1 INTRODUCTION 24 STUDENT LIFE 3 J THE ADMISSION OF STUDENTS 44 STUDENT EXPENSES 47 GENERAL INFORMATION S2 THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE 37 THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 70 THE SCHOOL OF DENTAL HYGIENE 77 THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND NURSING 79 THE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY 88 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE 97 THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE 107 THE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION 110 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION 114 THE ALUMNI COUNCIL 195 ENROLLMENT STATISTICS 197 DEGREES AND PRIZES 200 LOAN FUNDS, SCHOLARSHIPS, AND PRIZES 213 GENERAL INDEX '222 ACADEMIC CALENDAR 225 THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT J The University is located at Burlington, Vermont, overlooking an at­ tractive tree-shaded city situated on the shores of Lake Champlain.
    [Show full text]