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eISSN 2508-1349 Vol. 13 No. 1 13 No. Vol. June 2020 eISSN 2508-1349 Vol. 13 No. 1 June 2020 pages 1-68 I I www.e-jnc.org eISSN 2508-1349 Vol. 13, No. 1, 30 June 2020 Aims and Scope Journal of Neurocritical Care (JNC) aims to improve the quality of diagnoses and management of neurocritically ill patients by sharing practical knowledge and professional experience with our reader. Although JNC publishes papers on a variety of neurological disorders, it focuses on cerebrovascular diseases, epileptic seizures and status epilepticus, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system, neuromuscular diseases, and neurotrauma. We are also interested in research on neurological manifestations of general medical illnesses as well as general critical care of neurological diseases. Open Access This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Publisher The Korean Neurocritical Care Society Editor-in-Chief Sang-Beom Jeon Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Oylimpic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3440, Fax: +82-2-474-4691, E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence The Korean Neurocritical Care Society Department of Neurology, The Catholic University College of Medicine, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-2816, Fax: +82-2-599-9686, E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.neurocriticalcare.or.kr Printing Office M2community Co. 8th FL, DreamTower, 66 Seongsui-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04784, Korea Tel: +82-2-2190-7300, Fax: +82-2-2190-7333, E-mail: [email protected] Published on June 30, 2020 © 2020 The Korean Neurocritical Care Society This paper meets the requirements of KS X ISO 9706, ISO 9706-1994 and ANSI/NISO Z39. 48-1992 (Permanence of paper). Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Sang-Beom Jeon Ulsan University, Korea Associate Editor Jun Young Chang Ulsan University, Korea Section Editors Jeong-Ho Hong Keimyung University, Korea Jin-Heon Jeong Dong-A University, Korea Chulho Kim Hallym University, Korea Oh Young Kwon Gyeongsang National University, Korea Editorial Board Sung-Ho Ahn Pusan National University, Korea Huimahn Alex Choi University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA Moon Ku Han Seoul National University, Korea Raimund Helbok University of Innsbruck, Austria Sang-Bae Ko Seoul National University, Korea Rainer Kollmar University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany Yasuhiro Kuroda Kagawa University, Japan Kiwon Lee Rutger's University, USA Jung-Hwan Oh Jeju National University, Korea Jeong-Am Ryu Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Dong Hoon Shin Gachon University, Korea Fabio Silvio Taccone Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Gene Sung University of Southern California, USA Ethics Editor Ji Man Hong Ajou University, Korea Statistical Editor Seung-Cheol Yun Ulsan University, Korea Ji Sung Lee Ulsan University, Korea © 2020 The Korean Neurocritical Care Society Contents Vol. 13, No. 1, June 2020 REVIEW ARTICLE 1 Targeted temperature management for postcardiac arrest syndrome Yasuhiro Kuroda, Kenya Kawakita 19 Central fever: a challenging clinical entity in neurocritical care Keshav Goyal, Neha Garg, Parmod Bithal ORIGINAL ARTICLE 32 Robotically assisted transcranial Doppler with artificial intelligence for assessment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage Shooka Esmaeeli, Courtney M. Hrdlicka, Andres Brenes Bastos, Jeffrey Wang, Santiago Gomez-Paz, Khalid A. Hanafy, Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Ajith J. Thomas, Shahzad Shaefi, Corey R. Fehnel, Ala Nozari 41 Safety and feasibility of ultrasound-guided insertion of peripherally inserted central catheter performed by an intensive care trainee Yongwoo Lee, Jeong-Am Ryu, Yong Oh Kim, Eunmi Gil, Young-Mok Song 49 Predicting parenchymal hematoma associated with endovascular thrombectomy for acute occlusion of anterior circulation large vessel: the GuEss-MALiGn scale Juhyeon Kim, Chang Hun Kim, Jongsoo Kang, Oh-Young Kwon CASE REPORT 57 Cervical myelitis in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis Eun Joo Chung, So-Young Lee, Jin-Hyung Lee, Yoon Ah Park, Bong Kwon Chun, So-Young Huh 61 Nonconvulsive status epilepticus associated with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and positive SOX1 antibodies Jeong Yeon Kim, Ga Yeon Kim, Jin Heon Jeong, Sang Ho Kim 65 Favorable clinical course after early-intensive immunotherapy for new-onset refractory status epilepticus Hyun-Sung Kim, Jiyoung Kim, Bo-Jin Hwang, Kyoung-Nam Woo, Min-Gyu Park, Kyung-Pil Park, Sung-Ho Ahn © 2020 The Korean Neurocritical Care Society eISSN 2508-1349 J Neurocrit Care 2020;13(1):1-18 https://doi.org/10.18700/jnc.200001 Targeted temperature management for postcardiac arrest syndrome REVIEW ARTICLE 1 2 Yasuhiro Kuroda, MD ; Kenya Kawakita, MD Received: January 16, 2020 1 Revised: March 20, 2020 Department of Emergency, Disaster, and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa Accepted: March 25, 2020 University, Kita, Japan 2Emergency Medical Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Corresponding Author: Kita, Japan Yasuhiro Kuroda Department of Emergency, Disaster, and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita-gun 761-0793, Japan Tel: +81-87-891-2392 Fax: +81-87-891-2393 E-mail: [email protected] Neurocritical care management to improve neurologic outcome for postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) has focused considerably on targeted temperature management (TTM). TTM attenuates the destructive processes following ischemia/reperfusion in PCAS. The prin- cipal indication of TTM is a patient with sustained coma after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). TTM can be strongly recom- mended with a target temperature between 32°C and 36°C for patients with shockable rhythm and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and weakly recommended for patients with initial asystole or pulseless electrical activity with OHCA and those with in-hospi- tal cardiac arrest. TTM is induced and maintained using a cooling device with body temperature feedback under appropriate analgose- dation. It requires the intensive management of various systemic respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic parameters that control shiv- ering to prevent secondary brain damage. Considering the cerebral perfusion pressure, it is suggested that the mean arterial pressure should be particularly maintained over 80 mm Hg. Seizure management, including continuous electroencephalography monitoring, is also needed. Finally, we must continue the above mentioned care during and after the rewarming phase, because high fever and shiv- ering may appear again during this period. Furthermore, neurological prognostication should be performed at least 72 hours after ROSC through clinical investigations and multimodal testing without sedation. Keywords: Hypothermia, induced; Critical care; Neurology; Shivering; Brain injuries INTRODUCTION peutic hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature of 32°C to 34°C (TTM 32°C to 34°C) using various methods. It is im- Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a clinical treatment portant to know that therapeutic normothermia, which involves strategy to control core body temperature (target temperature) maintaining a core body temperature of 36°C to 37°C (TTM for a certain duration to reduce secondary brain injury. Fig. 1 36°C to 37°C) using various methods, is different from no cooling shows the general definition of antihyperthermia, therapeutic or normothermia. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the normothermia, and therapeutic hypothermia. Generally, thera- terms TTM 32°C to 34°C or TTM 36°C instead of therapeutic © 2020 The Korean Neurocritical Care Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. www.e-jnc.org 1 Yasuhiro Kuroda, et al. • TTM in PCAS Targeted temperature Only antipyretic treatment in fever 38°C Antihyperthermia Management using simple 37°C Therapeutic cooling and/or antipyretics normothermia 36°C Active management using Border zone Temperature control device Need neurocritical care 34°C Therapeutic Active management using hypothermia Temperature control device Need neurocritical care 32°C Fig. 1. Definition of targeted temperature management. hypothermia or normothermia, respectively. ed by hypothermia. Reduction in core temperature decreases the The destructive processes following ischemia/reperfusion in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRo2) and attenuates sever- postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) are divided into primary in- al intracellular pathways involved in secondary brain damage jury and secondary injury [1,2]. Primary injury begins immedi- which occur in the minutes and days after collapse [1]. For ately after cardiac arrest and is caused by cessation of cerebral TTM, active temperature control, shivering prevention, and in- blood flow (CBF). As cerebral oxygen delivery decreases, adenos- tensive care unit (ICU) bundle care are needed, regardless of the ine triphosphate (ATP) production stops, causing energy-depen- selected targeted temperature.
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