Analisis Dan Interpretasi Lagu Desafinado Karya Antonio Carlos Jobim

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Analisis Dan Interpretasi Lagu Desafinado Karya Antonio Carlos Jobim Volume 4, Nomor 1, April 2016 ISSN: 2338-039007 pp. 13-20 Analisis dan Interpretasi Lagu Desafinado karya Antonio Carlos Jobim Agnes Tika Setiarini Alumni Jurusan Musik, FSP ISI Yogyakarta Agoeng Prasetyo, Lektor pada Jurusan Musik Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan Institut Seni Indonesia Suryati Lektor pada Jurusan Musik Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan Institut Seni Indonesia Abstract This study discusses Jobim’s Latin jazz music, which is a fusion between jazz and Latin musical genres, whereas Jazz, with diverse chords variations, is coupled with Latin music which is rich with the rhythmical style of percussion instruments. Varied Latin Jazz rhythms have made this music to receive a high appreciation. TheDesafinado by Antonio Carlos Jobim is among the most popular Latin jazz songs.Desafinado carries a lot of interesting aspects to be studied, which includes its song form, chord progressions, its lyrics interpretation. This study analyses its song forms as well as chord progressions, while the lyrics interpretation refers to the three jazz musicians: Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, and Antonio Carlos Jobim. This song is examined using the qualitative method with descriptive approach. The result of this study indicates thatDesafinado has melodic grooves and chord progressions that are related to the lyrics of the song. The melodic flow and chord progressions of this song represent the distinctiveness of other Antonio Carlos Jobim's works. Keywords: Latin Jazz; Jobim; Desafinado Abstrak Studi ini membahas musik Jazz Latin dari Jobim yang merupakan percampuran antara musik jazz dan musik latin. Pada musik ini jazz dengan variasi akor yang beragam digabungkan dengan musik latin yang kaya akan permainan ritmis alat musik perkusi. Irama musik latin jazz yang bermacam-macam membuat musik ini mendapatkan apresiasi yang tinggi. Lagu Desafinado ciptaan Antonio Carlos Jobim adalah salah satu lagu standart latin jazz yang sangat terkenal.Desafinado memiliki banyak hal yang menarik untuk diteliti, yaitu dari bentuk lagu, progresi akor, dan interpretasi lirik lagu. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi bentuk lagu dan progresi akor, sedangkan interpretasi yang dibahas mengacu pada 3 musisi jazz yang membawakan lagu Desafinado, yaitu Antonio Carlos Jobim sendiri, Ella Fitzgerald, dan Frank Sinatra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalahDesafinado memiliki alur melodi dan progresi akor yang berhubungan dengan lirik lagunya. Alur melodi dan progresi akor lagu ini menunjukkan kekhasan karya-karya Antonio Carlos Jobim untuk lagu-lagu standart latin jazz. Kata Kunci: Jazz Latin; Jobim; Desafinado Pengantar ragamnya seiring dengan semakin luasnya peradaban manusia. Hal tersebut menjadi Musik memasuki berbagai jaman penyebab munculnya musisi-musisi dan genre di berbagai belahan dunia. dengan jenis musik yang berbeda-beda. Genre-genre musik semakin bertambah 14 ] Agnes Tika Setiarini, dkk.: Analisis dan Interprestasi Lagu “Desafinado” karya Antonio Carlos Jobim Kemunculan musisi dari latar belakang, menciptakan ritmis pada musik latin genre, dan influence yang berbeda ini banyak ragamnya, antara lain seperti menjadi penyebab lahirnya gaya-gaya konga, bongo, cabaza, maracas, chocallo, musik yang baru dan beraneka ragam. guiro, timbales dan claves. (Berendt, Kemunculan gaya-gaya musik 1981:280) yang baru juga ditunjang oleh Irama latin sangat menggugah dan percampuran gaya musik. Pada karya tulis impulsif, dapat membuat orang yang ini, penulis akan membahas tentang salah mendengarnya menjadi ingin menari. satu gaya musik hasil pencampuran dari Itulah alasan lagu-lagu Latin identik dua genre musik yang berbeda. Gaya dengan tarian-tarian. Perpaduan irama musik ini adalah latin jazz, dimana latin yang menarik dan variasi akor jazz awalnya musik latin dan musik jazz adalah menjadi sebuah genre musik baru yang dua gaya musik yang berbeda. dikenal dengan nama latin jazz. Secara Musik jazz adalah sebuah musik lebih detil, latin jazz didefinisikan sebagai yang lahir sebagai ekspresi orang-orang istilah umum yang diberikan kepada kulit hitam yang mengalami perbudakan musik yang mengkombinasikan ritme dari oleh orang kulit putih di Amerika pada negara-negara Afrika dengan harmoni jazz akhir abad 18. Pada awalnya ideologi dan klasik dari Amerika Latin, Karibia, musik jazz adalah pembebasan orang- Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. orang kulit hitam dari belenggu sosial- Salah satu lagu standart latin jazz politik dalam kehidupan manusia di yang populer adalahDesafinado yang ditulis Amerika oleh orang kulit putih. oleh Antonio Carlos Jobim. Lagu ini Berdasarkan hal itu maka jazz terkenal memiliki form yang berbeda dari layaknya dengan gaya bermain musik yang bebas. bentuk lagu standar jazz yang ada. Kemunculan genre musik jazz membawa Kesulitan lagu ini juga terletak pada kemajuan pada variasi akor (muncul akor- modulasi langsung yang terjadi di akor yang lebih beragam) dan permainan pertengahan lagu. Berdasarkan latar improvisasi. belakang tersebut, karya tulis ini Jika musik jazz memiliki kekhasan membahas tentang analisis bentuk dan pada variasi akor dan improvisasi, musik interpretasi lagu Desafinado. latin menarik karena pola ritmis yang dibuat dengan bermacam-macam alat Pembahasan musik perkusinya. Sebenarnya yang 1. Biografi Antonio Carlos Jobim disebut musik latin adalah musik-musik Jobim bernama lengkap Antonio yang berkembang di negara-negara Carlos Brasileiro de Ameida Jobim. Ia lahir Amerika Latin antara lain seperti Kuba, pada 25 Januari 1927 di Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Spanyol, Mexico, dan Puerto Rico. Brazil. Ia seorang penyanyi, penulis lagu, Itulah sebabnya keragaman adalah dan komposer. Alat musik yang karakteristik utama dari musik latin. dikuasainya adalah piano, flute, gitar dan Beberapa kritikus musik dunia telah vokal. Jobim memulai karir bermusiknya mendefinisikan musik Latin sebagai pada 1956. Karya utamanya adalah lagu- penggabungan dari empat elemen : gaya lagu bergenre bossa nova. Lagu-lagunya musik, geografi, latar belakang budaya, telah dibawakan oleh banyak penyanyi dan bahasa. Ada banyak sekali style musik dan pemain musik Brazil maupun dunia. latin seperti salsa, meringue, tango, Lagunya yang sangat terkenal adalah bachata, bossa nova, dan samba. Alat-alat “Garote de Ipanema” atau dalam bahasa musik perkusi yang digunakan untuk : Jurnal Pengkajian, Penyajian dan Penciptaan Musik Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2016 [ 15 Inggris berjudul “The Girl from Ipanema”. Gilberto menjadi terkenal di dunia Selain itu, Jobim telah menciptakan banyak internasional. lagu yang sekarang telah masuk dalam Jobim adalah salah satu penulis daftar lagu jazz dan pop standart. (www.e- lagu yang penting pada abad 20. biografias.net/antonio_ jobim/) Kebanyakan karya-karyanya adalah lagu- Permainan musik Jobim tumbuh lagu jazz standart. Penyanyi jazz Amerika dengan kuat ketika ia bekerjasama dengan Ella Fitzgerald dan Frank Sinatra Pixinguinha, seorang musisi dan komposer membawakan lagu-lagunya pada album legendaris yang memulai memainkan “Ella Abraca Jobim” (1981) dan “Francis musik modern Brazilian pada 1930. Ia Albert Sinatra and Antonio Carlos Jobim” mendapat pengaruh dari musik jazz dan (1967) untuk menghormati Jobim. Setelah musisi-musisi besar dunia, Claude kematian Jobim, karya-karyanya tetap Debussy, Maurice Ravel, komposer Brazil abadi di dunia. Musisi-musisi jazz seperti Heitor Villa-Lobos. Lirik-lirik lagu Jobim Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock, Chick menceritakan tentang cinta, pencarian jati Corea, dan Toots Thielemans masih sering diri, pengkhianatan, kedamaian, dan memainkan lagu-lagu Jobim dalam konser. tentang keindahan alam di Brazil. Jobim adalah penemu penggunaan (www.allmusic.com/artist/antonio-carlos- struktur harmoni yang rumit dalam lagu jobim-mn0000781831) popular. Corak melodi dalam lagu-lagu Jobim menjadi terkenal di Brazil Jobim menjadi kekhasan yang sangat kuat ketika ia bekerjasama dengan penulis puisi di setiap karyanya. dan diplomat Vinicius de Moraes menulis musik untuk sebuah cerita Orfeu de 2. Analisis Bentuk Lagu Desafinado Conceicau (1956) dan Black Orpheus Desafinado merupakan lagu yang (1959). Moraes pindah ke Montevideo, termasuk dalam kategori three part song Uruguay untuk bekerja di kedutaan besar form atau dikenal juga dengan istilah Brazil di sana. Akhirnya ia dan Jobim bentuk lagu terner (ternary song). Three part hanya dapat menulis lagu dengan bantuan song form adalah sebutan untuk lagu yang telepon sebagai alat komunikasi. Lagu- memiliki bentuk A-B-A. Bagian A adalah lagu itu adalah A Felicidade, Frevo, O statement atau pernyataan; biasa juga Nosso Amor dan lain-lain. disebut sebagai eksposisi yang Musik-musik Jobim mulai dikenal memamerkan tema awal sedangkan bagian dan lagu-lagunya mulai diterjemahkan ke B adalah bagian kontras yang memiliki dalam bahasa Inggris ketika Ia karakteristik yang berbeda daripada berkolaborasi dengan pemain jazz eksposisi. Namun demikian setelah Amerika, Stan Getz (saxophone), Joao berakhirnya bagian kontras (B), bagian Gilberto dan istrinya saat itu Astrud pertama (A) muncul kembali sebagai re- Gilberto. Kolaborasi mereka menghasilkan statement. Kembalinya bagian A umumnya dua album Getz/Gilberto (1963) dan tanpa perubahan apapun. Jika ada Getz/Gilberto Vol.2 (1964). Ketika album perubahan maka hanya sangat sedikit, ini dirilis, musik bossa nova segera menjadi seperti adanya bagian coda atau penutup. kegemaran di Amerika, dan dengan cepat Namun demikian dalam praktiknya bagian dikenal di dunia internasional. Jobim A seringkali diulang sehingga
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