MECSEK-DRÁVA WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJEKT

- NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT –

- ANNEX III OF THE APPLICATION FORM – - KEOP-1.1.1.

Pécs, January 2008 Expected Environmental Impacts of Mecsek-Dráva Project –Summary

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND...... 6

2 REGULATION OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITTING IN THE EU AND IN HUNGARY...... 11 2.1. The permitting procedure in Hungary as carried out by the authorities...... 11 2.2. Short description of the planned activity...... 15 3 TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES ANALYSED ...... 17 3.1 Project Alternatives...... 17 3.1.1 Zero Alternative...... 17 4 COMPONENTS OF THE SELECTED SYSTEM - GENERAL DESCRIPTION.. 19 4.1. Waste Collection and Transportation System ...... 19 4.1.1 Container parks...... 21 4.1.2 Transfer Stations ...... 21 4.2 Collection District...... 22 4.3 Pre-treatment and Disposal of Wastes ...... 25 4.3.1 Sorting facilities ...... 25 4.3.2 Mechanical Preparation Plant...... 26 4.3.3 Composting...... 26 4.3.4 Landfill ...... 27 4.3.5 Energy Recovery ...... 27 4.3.6 Disposal of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Population...... 27 5 CURRENT STATUS OF THE ANALYSED REGION, FACTORS OF SENSITIVITY ...... 28 5.1. Major Economic and Geographical Characteristics of the Region Affected by the Waste Management Program ...... 28 5.2. Environmental Sensitivity, Threatened Values of the Region Affected by Waste Management...... 33 5.1.1 Protected natural values ...... 34 5.1.2 Areas to be Emphasized from the Aspect of Water Base Protection...... 52 6 DESCRIPTION OF EACH WASTE TREATMENT PLANT AND FACILITIES 59 6.1 Regional Waste Treatment Centre in Pécs-Kökény...... 59 6.1.1 Facilities and Capacity of the Technology Intended to be Implemented ...... 60 6.1.2 Detailed Description of the Function Based Facilities and Technologies...... 61 6.1.2.1 Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment (MBT) Hall ...... 61 6.1.2.2 MBT Center Technology ...... 62 6.1.2.3 Residual bio-waste composting...... 66 6.1.2.4 Composting Facility (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I)...... 67 6.1.2.5 Material recycling facility ...... 68 6.1.2.6 Waste Landfill...... 70 6.1.2.7 Technology of Landfilling ...... 72 6.2 Ancillary Facilities...... 73 6.2.1 Gatehouse, Access Control System ...... 73

Expected Environmental Impacts of Mecsek-Dráva Project –Summary

6.2.2 Parking Lots ...... 73 6.2.3 Social (Sanitary) Building...... 73 6.2.4 Covered Machinery Shed ...... 74 6.2.5 Biogas Treatment Facility...... 74 6.2.6 Weigh-bridge, Balance Housing ...... 74 6.2.7 New Swale System ...... 74 6.2.8 Leakage water Purification Equipment...... 75 6.2.9 Inner Roads Interconnecting the Facilities, Sidewalks, Public Utilities, Area Monitoring Systems...... 75 6.2.10 Car Wash...... 75 6.2.11 Fuel Filling Station ...... 75 6.3 Waste Management Centre in Barcs ...... 76 6.3.1 Material recycling facility...... 77 6.3.2 Container park ...... 78 6.3.3 Transfer Stations ...... 79 6.3.4 The Description of the ancillary facilities at the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre 80 6.4 Waste Treatment Centre in Barcs...... 82 6.4.1 Detailed Description of the Function Based Facilities and Technologies...... 83 6.4.1.1 Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment (MBT) Hall...... 83 6.4.1.2 Residual bio-waste composting...... 85 6.4.1.3 Stabilising Area...... 85 6.4.2 Description of the ancillary facilities at the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre .. 86 6.5 Container parks...... 88 6.6 Transfer Stations...... 91 6.6.1 The Kaposszekcső Transfer Station...... 92 6.6.2 Szentlőrinc...... 93 6.6.3 Pécs ...... 94 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PLANNED ACTIVITIES ...... 95 7.1 Soil ...... 96 7.1.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil ...... 96 7.1.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil...... 98 7.1.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil ...... 99 7.1.4 Waste Transfer Stations ...... 100 7.1.5 Container Parks (CP)...... 100 7.1.6 Waste Collection Islands...... 100 7.2 Surface and Underground Water...... 102 7.2.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Water ...... 102 7.2.1.1 Surface Waters ...... 102 7.2.1.2 Underground Waters ...... 102 7.2.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Waters...... 104 7.2.2.1 Surface Waters: ...... 104 7.2.2.2 Underground Waters: ...... 105 7.2.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Waters...... 108 7.2.3.1 Geological Conditions...... 108 7.2.3.2 Surface Water...... 109

Expected Environmental Impacts of Mecsek-Dráva Project –Summary

7.2.3.3 Underground Waters ...... 110 7.2.4 Container Parks (CP)...... 113 7.2.5 Waste Transfer Stations ...... 113 7.2.6 Waste Collection Islands...... 113 7.3 Air...... 114 7.3.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Air ...... 115 7.3.1.1 Emission of Heating Origin...... 115 7.3.1.2 Emission of Technological Origin ...... 116 7.3.1.3 Biogas Handling...... 117 7.3.1.4 Odour Emission...... 117 7.3.1.5 Emission from Transportation...... 118 7.3.1.6 Identification of the Impact Area ...... 121 7.3.2 Polluting Impact of the Waste Management Centre in Barcs on Air Quality 122 7.3.2.1 Emission of Heating Origin...... 122 7.3.2.2 Emission of Technological Origin ...... 123 7.3.2.3 Odour Emission...... 123 7.3.2.4 Emission from Transportation...... 123 7.3.2.5 Impact on Air Quality ...... 125 7.3.2.6 Identification of the Impact Areas...... 125 7.3.3 Polluting Impact of the Waste Management Centre in Marcali on Air Quality 125 7.3.3.1 Emissions of Heating Origin...... 125 7.3.3.2 Emission of Technological Origin ...... 126 7.3.3.3 Odour Emission...... 126 7.3.3.4 Identification of the Impact Areas...... 127 7.3.4 Container Parks (CP)...... 127 7.3.5 Transfer Stations ...... 127 7.3.6 Waste Collection Islands...... 128 7.4 Biosphere...... 128 7.4.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere 129 7.4.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere..... 132 7.4.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere . 133 7.4.4 Transfer Stations ...... 134 7.4.5 Container Parks (CP)...... 134 7.4.6 Selective Waste Collection Islands...... 135 7.5 Landscape and Built Environment ...... 135 7.5.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment ...... 135 7.5.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment ...... 135 7.5.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment ...... 136 7.5.4 Transfer Stations, Container Parks and Selective Collection Islands ...... 136 7.6 Noise and Vibration ...... 137 7.6.1 Noise and Vibration Pollution by the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre 137 7.6.1.1 Impact of Closing the Landfill Area ...... 137 7.6.1.2 Expected Emission During Operation of the Waste Treatment Centre, Environmental Noise Emission of the Technology and Its Impact Area...... 137

Expected Environmental Impacts of Mecsek-Dráva Project –Summary

7.6.1.3 Noise caused by vehicle traffic on plant area...... 140 7.6.1.4 Limit Values Applicable to Operation ...... 141 7.6.1.5 Qualification of the Expected Noise Emission of the Planned Facility ..... 142 7.6.1.6 Transport Noise of Public Roads ...... 143 7.6.1.7 Identification of the impact area...... 145 7.6.2 Noise and Vibration Pollution by the Waste Management Centre in Barcs.. 146 7.6.2.1 Noise caused by vehicle traffic on plant area...... 147 7.6.2.2 Limit Values Applicable to Operation ...... 147 7.6.2.3 Transport Noise of Public Roads ...... 147 7.6.2.4 Identification of the impact area...... 149 7.6.3 Noise Impact of the Marcali Waste Treatment Centre...... 150 7.6.3.1 Noise generated by Waste Transportation ...... 152 7.7 Extraordinary Events...... 158 7.7.1 Protection Against Natural Disasters, Elemental Calamities...... 158 7.7.2 Prevention of Technology Type and Environment Threatening Breakdown Events and (potential) Case of Damage...... 158 7.8 Safety Technology...... 161 7.8.1 Labour Protection ...... 161 8 EXPECTED ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF THE PLANNED SYSTEM, SITUATION AT PRESENT AND AFTER COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT...... 162 8.1 Soil, Surface and Underground Water ...... 166 8.1.1 Major Impacts Affecting the Soil...... 166 8.1.2 Impacts Affecting Underground Water ...... 166 8.1.3 Pollutions Affecting Surface Waters: ...... 167 8.1.4 Avoiding and Control of Pollution:...... 167 8.1.5 Characteristic Water Uses:...... 167 8.2 Air...... 168 8.3 Biosphere...... 169 8.4 Noise and Vibration ...... 169 8.5 Extraordinary Events...... 171

Expected Environmental Impacts of Mecsek-Dráva Project –Summary

1 Introduction, background

Requirements on waste management, environment and health protection make it necessary to have in place an organised collection and arranged disposal of communal solid wastes. Economical aspects and the need to comply with the directives of the European Union do not permit us, not even in the short term, to maintain local dumping sites operating without technical protection and dispose waste by dumping without selection. Therefore selective collection of wastes, after-sorting, utilisation of the recyclable materials and a controlled landfilling of the remaining materials are necessary.

Covering the entire range of waste management and implementing the requirements of the Hungarian legislation harmonized with the European Union expectations is a huge challenge for the settlements in the South Transdanubian Region that the local municipalities are not able to solve on their own. Thus, it is ultimately important to examine what potencials municipalities in the region have in adopting modern waste management technologies and improve existing ones.

Accession to the European Union enables Hungary to have a share form the regional development funds available to the Member States. With attention to what has been said above, the municipality of Pécs, county seat, in cooperation with the major settlements in the region, initiated in March 2002 the establishment of a joint regional waste management system, which, due to its location in the region, was called Mecsek-Dráva Solid Waste Management Program. This program has been designed to enable us to receive grants from the Cohesion Fund.

The planned waste management program initiated by Pécs, county seat city, would be implemented with the participation of settlements in the close vicinity of Pécs, Marcali, Barcs, Dombóvár, that is, on the territory of Baranya, Somogy and part of Tolna county, providing an environmentally friendly waste disposal solution for the 437.860 inhabitants of 313 settlements. The area covered by the program is shown by Figure 1.

6 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary 7

The major objectives of the complex waste management program are as follows: • Establishment of a waste collection and treatment system meeting technical and legal requirements for the management of the waste in the region. • Introduction of selective collection of packaging waste, degradable organic waste and hazardous wastes generated in households in order to recycle the recyclable part of wastes. • Reduction of the quantity of biologically degradable waste disposed in landfills by the use of composting equipment, and by including in the system the biological waste collected selectively, and the degrading organic waste separated after mechanic separation. Provision of the collection of biogas, by anaerob fermentation, under controlled conditions, generated by degrading organic waste, and of its energy and heat recovery. • Energy recovery of combustible waste not suitable for material recovery. • Minimisation of landfilled waste quantity, extension of the existing landfills to come into compliance with current technical and environmental parameters. • Provision for the separate collection and appropriate disposal of the hazardous components of household wastes. • Exploitation of the economic and financial benefits of waste utilisation in the interest of the affordability of tarriffs paid by the households. • Making the population familiar with the proper waste management and selective waste collection methods and have them accepted by the population by publicity measures and popularisation of an environmentally conscious attitude.

The above objectives in line with the Community and national principles as well as the aspects of feasibility, economy and control all justify the establishment of an integrated waste management system as a solution for the complex waste management tasks of our region.

Having assessed the current waste management situation of our region the following conclusive and evaluating statements can be made: ¾ On our territory only 3 landfills with proper technical protection and insulation can be found. ¾ Free capacity available for landfilling of waste is sufficient for only 2-3 years.

7 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary 8

¾ Solid communal waste management of the region has not been solved even in the medium term. ¾ A further problem to be solved is the elimination and recultivation of illegal and tolerated dumping sites on the borders of the settlements. ¾ Organised collection is being done by fully depreciated vehicles that are not, or are hardly suitable for compacting of waste, the only exceptions are the large regional service providers. ¾ Proper waste management, selective collection and recycling, separate collection and utilisation of organic waste have only been party solved in our region. ¾ On the project territory only one waste material recycling facility and one composting plant are available with a capacity that is not sufficient for the total waste quantity considered. ¾ There is no unified practice in waste management.

In this part of the work we give a review of the planned waste management system with a summary analysis and evaluation, also including the environmental aspects. The evaluation is based on the experiences gained during a tour of the territory, the discussions with the competent experts of the local service providers and studies made earlier on the subject matter.

The area affected by the Mecsek-Dráva Solid Waste Management Program can be seen in the following map.

8 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 1: Region affected by Mecsek – Dráva waste management program.

9 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

During the study we also considered the most important conclusions of the environmental studies prepared on its components subject to environmental licencing, as well as of the review files and the documentation submitted for an integrated environmental permit by the waste management centers. These are the following:

¾ Construction of Communal Solid Waste Landfill, Phase II, in Kökény, owned by city of Pécs – Preliminary Environmental Study (Prepared by: TOTAL Környezetfejlesztési Tervező és Szolgáltató Kft., 1996.) ¾ Complete environmental review of Pécs – Kökény Communal Solid Waste Landfill, Phase II, (SZAMATERV Környezetvédelmi Tervező, Tanácsadó és Szolgáltató Kft., 2002) ¾ Integrated Environmental Permit of the Pécs – Kökény Communal Solid Waste Landfill, Phase II, (SZAMATERV Környezetvédelmi Tervező, Tanácsadó és Szolgáltató Kft., 2004)

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2 Regulation of integrated environmental permitting in the EU and in Hungary

In accordance with the provisions on applications to the European Union, including applications to the Cohesion Funds, applications must contain an environmental part with a summary of the environmental implications of the planned project in accordance with the provisions of Directive 85/337/EEC. For that reason we find it important to give a summary of the integrated environmental permitting procedure in our country, and of the regulation applicable to the planned activities.

2.1. The permitting procedure in Hungary as carried out by the authorities The environmental impact assessment procedure was introduced in Hungary in 1984, but at that time it was applied only to certain types of investments. Legislation on comprehensive impact assessment has been in place since 1993. The requirement to pursue an environmental impact assessment and an integrated environmental permitting procedure has been provided for in Act 53 of year 1995 and in Government Decree No. 314/2005 (XII. 25.). National legislation has been adopted with consideration to Directive 85/337/EEC. Directive 97/11/EC amended the European legislation and these amendments contained changes not too significant in terms of content that Hungary also had to adhere to. To that end the Government Decree No. 152/1995 (XII. 12.) (on the circle of activities subject to environmental impact assessment study and the detailed rules applicable to the related procedure by the authorities) was amended in early 2001, and a new Government Decree No. 20/2001 (II. 14.) on environmental impact assessment study was adopted, and finally, with the integration of the IPPC and the impact assessment procedure, the Government Decree No. 314/2005 (XII. 25.) was created, which is fully harmonized with the EU legislation.

A user of the environment must initiate a preliminary assessment at the inspectorate in case he is planning to carry out an activity, which a) is included in Annex 1. or 3., b) is included in Annex 2, and under Section 2. (3) a) it is a new activity and it has not acquired yet an integrated environmental permit. The preliminary assessment documentation prepared in accordance with Annex 4 must be attached to the application for the preliminary assessment.

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The permitting authority is the regionally competent Environment, Nature Protection and Water Inspectorate. Since the Inspectorate cannot be competent in all issues of environment protection, it is obliged to involve in the impact asessment procedure the specialist authorities concerned. The Inspectorate always involves the competent county institute of the State Public Health and Medical Officer Service at the level of first instance and the National Medical Officer’s Office at the level of second instance in the environment and settlement health related issues, and the competent regional organisational unit of the Cultural Heritage Protection Office at the level of first instance and the President of the Cultural Heritage Protection Office at the level of second instance with regard to cultural heritage protection.

The scope of the Hungarian impact assessment study covers the impacts of the construction, operation and abandonment of activities. (For example, the transportation and storage necessary in relation with the construction and realisation are also covered.) In the Hungarian system the environmental impact assessment consists of a preliminary and a detailed phase. Accordingly, in the course of the impact assessment procedure, the applicant must present the findings of the distinct phases in the Preliminary Environmental Study (EKT) and in the Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment Study (RKHT). The Preliminary Environmental Study contains most of the content related requirements of the applicable EU directive, but the primary objective of this phase is to identify the excluding criteria with regard to the site or sites of construction on the basis of the information available in this early phase of activity planning. The preliminary environmental study establishes the conditions for further planning and gives a forecast of the issues, which may have to be dealt with – if necessary – in a detailed environmental impact assessment study. This phase corresponds to the „screening phase” applied in the legal practice of certain EU countries, but in terms of content it requires a more profound analysis.

Similarly to EU Directives, our national legislation also gives a list of the activities that have a significant impact on the environment. Our national list is determined in Annexes 1-3 of Government Decree 314/2005. (XII. 25.). Prior to decision making the Inspectorate examines – with the involvement of the specialist authorities – the comments received in relation with the significance of impacts exercised on the environment and on the content of the permit application to be submitted later in accordance with Section 3 (3) d), and Sections 12-15. In its decision the Inspectorate

12 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása a) determines the content related requirements of the environmental impact assessment study with attention to Annex 6 in case it is an activity included only in Annex 1; a) determines the content related requirements of the application for an integrated environmental permit with attention to Annex 8 in case it is an activity included only in Annex 2; c) in case it is an activity included in both Annex 1 and 2, it determines the content related requirements of the environmental impact assessment study with attention to Annex 6, and that of the application for an integrated environmental permit with attention to Annex 8, and passes a decision on the possibility to integrate the environmental impact assessment procedure and the integrated permitting procedure in one procedure; d) determines, in case of an activity included in Annex 3, if the implementation of the planned activity can generate significant environmental impacts with attention to the findings of the preliminary study and Annex 5, and da) in case there is a presumption of a significant environmental impact, it determines the content related requirements of the environmental impact assessment study with attention to Annex 6, and in case the activity also falls under the scope of Annex 2, it also determines the content related requirements of the application for an integrated environmental permit in accordance with Annex 8, and passes a decision on the possibility to integrate or to connect the environmental impact assessment procedure and the integrated permitting procedure; db) if no significant environmental impact can be presumed, and the activity is also under the scope of Annex 2, the content related requirements of the application for an integrated environmental permit in accordance with Annex 8; dc) if no significant environmental impact can be presumed, and the activity is not under the scope of Annex 2 either, it determines in possession of what other permits in accordance with Section 66 (1) d) of the Act on Environment the activity can be commenced, and may also determine foreseeable aspects and conditions to be considered; If necessary, the Inspectorate may, on the basis of the preliminary environmental study, determine the issues to be investigated in the detailed study. The objective of the detailed assessment phase is to carry out a detailed investigation and analysis of the impacts considered significant (changes in the environmental status). The detailed environmental assessment study gives a summary and evaluation of the impacts affecting the environmental components and systems, and on the basis of these it makes recommendations on how to realize the activity.

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Information for the population affected and their involvement in decision-making is an essential component of the procedure in Hungary as well. Subsequent to the submission of the application and the preliminary assessment documentation, the Inspectorate exhibits a notice in its Office and on its webpage, unless the activity falls under the scope of military secret, which, in addition to the requirements of the specific law, also contains: a) the name, seat and availability of the proceeding Inspectorate, b) the date of publication of the notice, c) the presumed borders of the directly impacted area in case of activities under the scope of Annex 1 or 3 (Annex 7, point I.1.) with the identification of the affected settlements, d) a call to submit comments directly to the Inspectorate, within 21 days dated from the publication of the notice by the Inspectorate, on the excluding reasons relating to the site of the construction, on the necessity to carry out an environmental impact assessment study, and on the content of the integrated environmental permitting documentation, e) what decisions the Inspectorate may pass pursuant to Section 5 (2). Concurrently with the publication of the notice, the Inspectorate sends the notice, the application and its annexes to the notary of the settlement that has competence on the site of the activity, to that of the district in the capital city (hereinafter: settlement) and to the notary of the settlement presumably affected, who will take care to have the notice publicised on public area, or in any other manner locally conventional with no delay, but within five days the latest. The notice must also specify how access can be gained locally into the application and its annexes. At the end of the environmental impact assessment procedure the Inspectorate, with attention to the specialist authority opinions, will either a.) issue the environmental permit without conditions, b.) issue the environmental permit with conditions, c) isssues an obligation to launch an integrated environmental permitting procedure, or d.) rejects the application. The permit always contains the environmental conditions applicable to the pursuit of the activity.

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2.2. Short description of the planned activity Similarly to Annex 1 and 2 of the EU Directive, the list of activities exercising significant impact on the environment is contained in annexes 1-3 of the Government Decree 314/2005. (XII.25.) on the environmental impact assessment and integrated environmental permitting, referred to above. In most cases, the list makes the assessment mandatory subject to threshold levels with regard to the size of the activity, or other characteristics, conditions.

The planed Mecsek-Dráva waste management system will consist of the following components: • 1 regional waste management center on the site in Pécs-Kökény: A material recycling facility, a mechanical-biological pre-treatment and composting site and a landfill would be established. • Two further regional waste management sub-centers would be established, one in Barcs (material recycling facility, transfer station and container park), and one in Marcali (mechanical-biological pre-treatment facility, which also includes the technology of biological stabilization and after-maturisation); • 4 transfer stations in Kaposszekcső, Pécs, Barcs and Szentlőrinc. From among these, on the first settlement the transfer station would be relocated to a new site and realised as a brown field investment, while in Pécs and Barcs it would established on a new site, in Szentlőrinc it would be established on the operational territory of the closed down landfill. • Container parks and collection islands (22 container parks and 820 collection islands) required by selective collection. Parallel with the realisation of the new facilities, the closing down and recultivation of the old landfills must also be started. From the aspect of permitting the planned activities can be classified into two groups: • Activities subject to environmental permit and integrated environmental permit • Activities not subject to a permit.

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The activities planned as part of the Mecsek-Dráva program are classified as follows:

A. Activities subject to an integrated environmental permit: Significant waste management developments are planned to be realized in this project. • The South Transdanubian Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate issued an integrated environmental permit to Szamaterv Kft in 2004 for the Landfill and Biowaste Treatment System in Pécs-Kökény. On the basis of the documentation of the application for an integrated environmental permit, permit number: 6103-18/2004, the activities intended to be pursued on the site can be divided into the following sub- tasks: Mechanical preparation plant, material recycling facility, non-hazardous waste landfill, composting plant for selectively collected green waste, biological after- maturisation plant.

B. Activities not subject to an integrated environmental permit: The facilities for selective collection (container parks, collection islands), the material recycling facility (in Barcs), the transfer stations, and the mechanical-biological pre-treatment facility planned to be realised in Marcali are not subject to the integrated environmental permitting procedure neither in accordance with the European Union Directives, nor in accordance with the referred to Hungarian Government Decree.

For all components of the planned waste management system a construction permit must be obtained from the municipality having competence on the area and acting as building authority. The construction permitting procedure will be a task for the Tenderer in accordance with the rules of the Yellow Book procedure. The construction permitting design documentation must also contain an environmental part on the basis of which the Environmental Inspectorate (as a specialist authority) will prepare a specialist opinion and issues a specialist authority position statement. The prescriptions of the position statement will be included in the construction permit issued by the permitting authority. Therefore in case of activities not subject to EIA, the environmental interests may be enforced in the construction permitting procedure.

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3 Technical Alternatives Analysed

3.1 Project Alternatives

3.1.1 Zero Alternative The current situation in the short term has a much lower investment cost than any of the development alternatives, the disadvantages of maintaining the current situation however, can be pointed out both from the environment and the economic point of view. A short summary of the major disadvantages: • The provisions of Act 43 of year 2000 on waste management and those of the Decree of the Ministry of Environment and Water 20/2006. (IV.5.) on certain rules and conditions in relation with landfills cannot be met. • The provisions of the European Union Directives cannot be met; • The exisiting technical conditions of most of the landfills operating on the territory are out of compliance with the rules of law in force. • The available free capacity of the landdfills can guarantee disposal of wastes only for 2 years maximum. • The depreciated and unreliable collection vehicles cannot guarantee a unified and undisturbed service provision. • Selective collection of waste could not be realised, or would be realised only in a much longer term, • The landfills without technical protection and not meeting the environmental requirements are a potential source of pollution for the soil and the subsurface water. • The existing illegal waste dumping sites would probable continue to operate;

On a number of places of the region under investigation, areas sensitive for nature, water and soil can be found and they cannot be threatened any further. From among sensitive areas, karst areas important from the aspect of underground water protection have to be highlighted as well as the gravel terraces of the Dráva and the Danube Rivers as current and prospective water bases. On these areas, intensive protection measures are needed and the environmental authority does not permit the pursuit of environment polluting or threatening activities.

In summation it can be stated that the current situation cannot be maintained neither from the environmental nor form the economic point of view, therefore it is necessary to develop

17 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása a complex waste management system, which is able to provide solution for the problems enlisted above.

The most important component of the regional waste management systems is the way of disposing non-selectively collected wastes. The technological alternatives of the Mecsek- Dráva Project make a proposal for two methods of waste disposal (disposal by landfilling, disposal by thermal recovery) and for a combination of the two as follows:

Alternative “A” Alternative „A” is based on the energy recovery of residual waste, which is at the same time the most costly component of the program. Subsequent to energy recovery, only slag and flying ashes remaining after recovery are going to be landfilled, therefore the number of landfills can be more and more decreased. This alternative also contains the establishment of a selective collection system and after sorting facilities as provided for in the Act on waste management. To serve the central recovery plant, transfer stations and container parks have to be built. Recultivation of the existing landfills posing a threat to the environment is an important component in this alternative as well.

Alternative “B” Alternative „B” is based on the selective collection of waste on the site where it was generated, the energy recovery of the fraction of dry waste not suitable for material recovery, which, in contrast with the former alternative, is realised by the production of fuel in the two quality categories. The separately collected, degrading organic waste is fermented under anaerob conditions, and then it is after-composted. After mechanical preparation, from the sorted, combustible waste fraction a fuel (RDF) is gained, and the waste remaining at the end of the process is landfilled. This alternative also contains the establishment of a selective collection system and that of the composting and after-sorting facilities as provided for in the Act on waste management. To serve the central recycling and recovery plant, the collection system and the vehicles have to modernised, the transfer stations and container parks have to be built. Recultivation of the existing landfills posing a threat to the environment is an important component in this alternative as well.

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Alternative “C” Alternative „C” is based on the energy recovery of the light fraction of residual waste, which is to be realised in an installation outside the project, like in the previous alternative. After mechanical preparation, from the sorted waste fraction the degrading organic waste will be bio-fermented and after-stabilized, the light fraction will be combusted, and the remaining waste will be landfilled. The production of fuel derived from waste of appropriate caloric value, and the establishment of a selective collection system and composting and after-sorting facilities as provided for in the Act on waste management are contained in this alternative as well. To serve the central recycling and recovery plant, transfer stations and container parks have to be built.

4 Components of the Selected System - General Description

The new waste management system planned for our region, alternative „C” offers appropriate solutions for the problems described above. From the aspect of environmental impacts, the regional communal waste management systems can be fundamentally divided into three parts: selective collection, transportation of waste to the place of utilisation or deposit, and the reuse and recovery or landfilling of wastes.

Detailed technical data of the facilities/installations are contained in the technical feasibility study. Therefore in this part we give a summary only of the characteristics important for environment aspects.

4.1. Waste Collection and Transportation System

Establishment of a Regional Collection System In order to organise efficient regional waste collection, collection districts have been established on the project area, and the waste treatment facilities will be established on the central settlements of these districts. Waste from the neigbouring settlements will be transported into these facilities. On the transfer stations the waste from the collection district will be compacted and loaded into 32 m3 containers and further transported to the mechanical

19 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása preparation and packaging plants. Four transfer stations are planned to be established on the project area.

Establishment of a selective collection and recovery/recycling system The system of container parks will be established as part of the project. The selectively collected wastes (such as paper, metal, plastic, green waste, etc.) generated by the population and large size wastes (furniture, junk) and domestic appliances can all be placed in container parks. Container parks will also be suitable for the take-back of „problematic” wastes generated by the population (paint packaging, dry batteries, medicines with expired best before date, electronic wastes, etc.). Since container parks provide services for the population, in the more densely populated districts they will be established per 15-20 thousand inhabitants. With attention to the number of inhabitants on the area of the Mecsek-Dráva project, 22 facilities of this kind may have to be established.

Establishment of a Waste Disposal System Two outstanding facilities of the project will be the mechanical-biological preparation facilities, where wastes will be directly transferred to from the settlements in their own collection districts, but the wastes collected at the transfer stations will also be delivered here. This is where the mechanical preparation of the non-selectively collected waste is done, which in fact means the separation of waste into different fractions. While the organic fraction is going to be bio-stabilized and the heavy fraction landfilled, the light fraction will be prepared for energy recovery. Energy recovery will be realised either as part of the project by applying combined combustion technology, or by transporting the waste into an external recovery facility.

Information for the population In order to have the regional waste collection system to be implemented in the Mecsek-Dráva project accepted by the population, this program includes distinct sources for the provision of information for the public.

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4.1.1 Container parks

The last method of waste collection among collection types is collection in a container park. In container parks the following waste fractions would be collected: ¾ Large size wastes (e.g., furniture, junk) ¾ Electric appliances ¾ Selectively collected household wastes: paper, plastic, glass, metal, green wastes ¾ Construction debris ¾ Wastes generated in households and difficult to handle and/or hazardous wastes (paint containers, dry cell batteries, rubber tyres, etc.)

A total of 22 container parks would be constructed in the program in three distinct types of different level of development. The containers in the container parks are changed by roller container vehicles with trailers and vehicles with chain and container structures.

The list of the 22 settlements is the following: Pécs (2 container parks), Barcs, Marcali, Nagyatád, Szigetvár, Sellye, Szentlőrinc, Nagyharsány, Bóly, Oroszló, Siklós, Harkány, Kétújfalu, Homokszentgyörgy, Vése, Mágocs, Bükkösd, Csurgó, Lábod, Szentlászló, Kaposszekcső.

4.1.2 Transfer Stations Collection of waste is economical only within a certain distance, therefore in order to bridge large distances, transfer stations must be included in the system. Only bulk waste fraction will be delivered to transfer stations. Six transfer stations would be built in the system. The sites of the transfer stations are:

ƒ Kaposszekcső: 10-11 thousand tonnes ƒ Pécs: 8-10 thousand tonnes ƒ Szentlőrinc: 10-12 thousand tonnes ƒ Barcs: 8-10 thousand tonnes

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4.2 Collection District

22 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

The collection districts of the Mecsek-Dráva Waste Management Program and the quantity of wastes generated (t/year)

No of Quantity of wastes generated t/year Collection District inhabitants 2006 2007 2008 Barcs District 34793 8377 8544 8630 urban 12180 2932 2991 3020 rural 22613 5445 5554 5609 Dombóvár District 34750 9686 9879 9978 urban 24861 7042 7183 7254 rural 9889 2644 2697 2724 Marcali District 68712 20936 21354 21568 urban 31036 4975 5075 10790 rural 37676 15961 16280 10778 Pécs-Kökény district 257974 80681 82294 83117 urban 187063 58906 60084 64644 rural 70911 21775 22211 18474 Szent-Lőrinc district 41631 12327 12574 12699 urban 18715 1331 1358 6311 rural 22916 10996 11216 6388

Table: Distribution of Wastes according to Sources

Years Source Collection Districts 2006 2007 2008 Barcs District 8377 8544 8630 Dombóvár District 9686 9879 9978 Households Marcali District 20936 21354 21568 Pécs-Kökény district 80681 82294 83117 Szent-Lőrinc district 12327 12574 12699 Households all total: 132006 134646 135993 Barcs District 1964 2004 1148 Dombóvár District 2654 2707 2789 Other municipalities Marcali District 2291 2336 3604 Pécs-Kökény district 31803 32439 33700 Szent-Lőrinc district 749 764 1641 All total of other municipalities: 39462 40251 42881 Barcs District 10341 10548 9778 Dombóvár District 12340 12587 12767 Collection districts all total: Marcali District 23226 23691 25172 Pécs-Kökény district 112484 114734 116817 Szent-Lőrinc district 13077 13338 14340 All total: 171468 174897 178874

The next table shows the changes of the composition of wastes between 2007-2010.

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Type of Waste 2008 2009 2010 Bio+fine 50% 48402 49370 50358

Paper 10236 10441 10650 Plastic 19136 19519 19909 Metal 5513 5624 5736 Fine 50% 23705 24179 24663 Glass 3769 3844 3921 Non-combustibel 1174 1197 1221 Combustible 4829 4925 5024 Textile 6253 6378 6506 Composite 1904 1942 1981 cardboard 4502 4592 4684 Composition of household waste (t) of waste household Composition Hygiene 5826 5942 6061 Hazardous 744 759 774 Total: 135993 138712 141487 Bio+fine 50% 9457 9647 9839

Paper 4828 4925 5023 Plastic 7487 7637 7789 Metal 1810 1846 1883 Fine 50% 2905 2963 3023 Glass 2933 2992 3052 Non-combustible 626 639 651 Combustible 1188 1212 1236 Textile 1454 1483 1512 Composite 2740 2795 2851 cardboard 6025 6145 6268 Composition of institutional waste (t) Composition wasteof institutional Hygiene 1411 1439 1468 Hazardous 17 17 18 Total: 42881 43739 44613 Bio+fine 50% 57860 59017 60197 Paper 15064 15366 15673 Plastic 26623 27155 27699 Metal 7323 7469 7619 Fine 50% 26610 27143 27685 Glass 6702 6836 6973 Non-combustible 1800 1836 1872 Combustible 6016 6137 6259

Total wastes(t) Textile 7707 7861 8018 Composite 4644 4737 4831 cardboard 10526 10737 10952 Hygiene 7236 7381 7529 Hazardous 761 777 792

All Total: 178874 182451 186100

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4.3 Pre-treatment and Disposal of Wastes As a result of the collection system, three types of waste streams are delivered to the treatment facility: • Selectively collected paper, plastic and glass into the sorting facilty, • Remaining waste to the mechanical preparation facility • Green waste to the composting facility. The mechanical-biological preparation facilities will be established on the Pécs-Kökény and Marcali sites.

4.3.1 Sorting facilities Paper, plastic and glass from selective waste collection and container parks will be delivered to the sorting facilities. Glass waste will not be further selected, it will be collected in containers of 12-15 m3 located ont he site of the material recycling facility and will be transported off for further use. Paper and plastic waste will be further sorted in the material recycling facility and then baled. The waste coming in from the weigh bridge is first delivered to the storage place, and then to the two sorting lines. Sorting by Drum screen: On the first sorting line a conveyor belt would feed the waste to the drum screen which is used for the separation of the contaminated waste while dust is being extracted. Waste is transferred from the drum screen to the sorting line, where the different waste fractions are separated by the workers. In the picking sheds there is air conditioning equipped with dust extraction. Sorting without drum screen: On the second sorting line, the drum screen is not part of the technology line. The two sorting lines are connected at this point. As a result of sorting useful material (plastic, paper, etc.) and remaining waste are generated. Useful material is baled, stored in the bale store and transported off to the site of further use, disposal. Direct baling: Wastes of selective collection from the public domain are taken to the baler right after the weigh-bridge.

A material recycling facility will be constructed at the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Center and the Barcs Waste Treatment Plant.

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4.3.2 Mechanical Preparation Plant In the mechanical preparation plants placed in the waste treatment centers wastes are shredded, and then the fractions of different size are separated by a drum screen screen. Fractions below 40 mm are transferred to the composting facility by a conveyor belt, while from the fractions over 40 mm, metal parts are separated by a magnetic separator. Metal parts are sold as useful material to convert them into secondary raw material. The remaining material is classified as light and heavy fraction by an appliance carrying out classification on the basis of specific weight. Light fraction is baled or packaged in plastic foil, and this way it can be stored for a long time and used in a thermal process as fuel in the Beremend Cement Factory. Energy recovery of light fraction would be done outside the scope of the project by applying a combined combustion technology. Packaged waste bales are moved by a trolley, their transportation can be done by trucks. Therefore, by using this technology, only the heavy fraction of the wastes delivered to the plant will be disposed in a landfill. From the Kökény and Marcali mechanical preparation plants wastes are transported to the landfills established in the vicinity by waste transportation trucks equipped with compacting capacity.

4.3.3 Composting Since selective green wastes are collected in Pécs, these will be separately transported to and treated in the facility. A composting facility will be built for this purpose (on top of the area recultivated in Phase I). The volume of waste treated at the composting plant varies between 6,710 tons/year (2011) and 9,635 tons/year (2038). The planned capacity of the composting facility is 9,750 tons/year. The composting plant will be built much in the same fashion as the stabiliser area, with swales, 1 % lateral slope and an leakage water tank of 450 m3. At the composting plant there will be two distinct functional units: the composting area and the raw material storing area. The composting area will be covered by pavement (4,000m2) while the raw material store area will only get a stabilized cover (also on 4,000 m2). Green wastes delivered to the site are shreeded by a mobile shredder, and similar to stabilization, it is treated by panelled composting procedure and three days’ rotation time. Planned residence time is 30 days.

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4.3.4 Landfill The landfill basin will be implemented on the place of the planned Phase II/B. Biologically stabilised waste (stabilate), heavy fraction separated by mechanical treatment and fuel raw material thta cannot be recovered because of the suspended operation of the cement factory will be disposed int he landfill. The quantity of waste expected to be disposed in the landfill will vary between 64,342 m3 (2011) and 63,869 m3 (2020), for ten years it is 653,652 m3, in addition there is 10% buffer capacity, plus 20% volume for the technological covers and the space for the dykes. The landfill basin will be built with a volume of 850 thousand m3. The stratification of the bottom insulation is in compliance with the provisions of Decree 92/2007 (XI. 28) KvVM. • Compacted earthwork • 0.5 m mineral insulation, K< 10-9m/s • geophysical sensor system • 2.5 mm thick HDPE foil insulation • min: 1000g/m2 geotextile • leakage water collector system • 50 cm thick washed river or lake gravel or pebble (grade 16/32, or 24/32) • min: 250 g/m2 geotextile

4.3.5 Energy Recovery Energy recovery of light fraction generated by mechanical preparation would be done outside the scope of the project by applying a combined combustion technology.

4.3.6 Disposal of Hazardous Waste Generated by the Population In the Mecsek-Dráva Program problematic municipal wastes (paint containers, dry cell batteries, rechargeable batteries, etc.) are collected at 22 container parks in the region. Container parks only serve the purpose of temporary storage of wastes by providing a safe storage option. When a certain type of waste has been accumulated in a quantity suitable for transportation, an undertaker having the appropriate transport vehicle will transport the waste to the hazardous waste landfill or to the incinerator, depending on the type of waste. The operator of the waste management system will conclude a contract with the entrepreneur on the transportation of the problematic waste.

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5 Current Status of the Analysed Region, Factors of Sensitivity

The analysed South-Transdanubia region is the most southern region of the Hungary. Its territory is 14,169 km2, which is 15,3% of the total territory of the country. In the East, its border is the Danube River – the largest river in Central Europe – in South, South-West its border is the Hungarian-Croatian national border with the Dráva River, in the North it is bordered by Lake Balaton, while on its Western borders Zala county can be found.

5.1. Major Economic and Geographical Characteristics of the Region Affected by the Waste Management Program The facilities planned as part of the Mecsek-Dráva program belong to the landscape unit of the Transdanubian Mountains. Within this, facilities are classified as follows in terms of landscape geography:

Large region Medium region/small Small region Planned region group Facilities South External External Somogy Somogy Dombóvár Marcali-hát Marcali Internal Somogy Transdanubian Hills Central Dráva Valley Barcs Mecsek and Tolna, Baranya Kökény South Baranya Hills Hills Szentlőrinc

The major natural geography characteristics of the areas where the waste treatment centers will be established have been summarised in a table format on the basis of the study titled Inventory of Small Regions (edited by: Dr. Marosi, S. – Dr. Somogyi, S. Budapest, 1990). The other plants/facilities will be located on areas having similar natural geography conditions.

28 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

South External Somogy Marcali hát - 300 km2 Central Dráva Valley -300 South Baranya Hills – 1250 km2 km2 (Dombóvár) Marcali Centre Barcs Pécs Kökény Centre and Szentlőrinc Area division ha Inner area 6000 1600 1500 6000 Arable land 72500 18000 18800 97000 garden 50 250 300 1800 vinyard 700 1700 500 4000 Medow, pasture 2700 1500 2300 1100 forest 6500 6550 5000 14500 Water surface 1150 250 700 200 Other 400 200 900 400 Terrain conditions Type 40 km long and 15 km Hill range towards South on a Narrow, low and high flood Hilly area with average height of wide loess ridge with length of 50 km area with stagnant sections 130-250 m above sea level average 130-160 mBf of the Dráva River, with (above Baltic Sea level), abandoned river beds in a fragmented by parallel fragmented valley of North, running valleys North- West and South, South East direction Average relief 15-30 m/4 km2 20-100 m/4km2 max: 30 m/4km2, mostly mostly 58 m/4 km2 smaller than that Geological Conditions Layers close to Pannon clay and sand Pannon sand and clay, Plyocene Characterised by surface and Characterised by Pannon formations surface layers sand close to surface layers formulated by river alluvium Surface Layers Surface covered by loess Generally covered by rivers’ Covered by loess for the most part alluvium of grits, gravel and loess

29 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Soil Conditions Major types On soil generating Brown forest soil with leaching Raw alluvial (12%) and Brown soil is the dominant type formations of loess type in clay covers over 90% of the alluvial meadow soils (57%) (55%), in addition brown forest soil 19% brown soil, 33% small region, flat moor is also are decisive, and to smaller with clay leaching in (12%), chernozem brown forest characteristic to a smaller extent brown forest soils chernozem brown forest soil (12%), soil, 34% calcareous extent have ben generated (9%) hydromorf soils (10%) chernozem. Fertility Highly favourable (III.) Unfavourable (soil quality class Unfavourable, poor quality Mostly unfavourable (soil quality IV.) (soil quality class VI-VIII.) class V-VI.) Vegetation Floristic District Kaposi (Kaposense) Western Balkan (Illyricum) Somogyi (Somogyicum) Pécsi (Sopianicum) floristic district floristic district Somogyi (Somogyicum) Somogyi (Somogyicum) floristic district

Major potential Illyr beech groves, illyr Hornbeam beech, hornbeamn Oak, elm, ash forests, ash Hornbeam oak groves, with lily-of- associations hornbeam chestnut oaks, oak groves, alder and willow groves, alder forests the-valley, oak-elm-ash groves, white lime and oak groves alder forests groves, hornbeam oak groves

Sylviculture/forestry Mixed age, mostly hard Mixed age, mostly hard foliage Mixed age, soft and hard Mixed age, mostly hard foliage foliage, less frequently (annual growth3.7-4.5m3/ha) foliage forest (annual growth forest (annual growth 2.1- 4.5m3/ha) soft foliage and pine 3.7-4.5m3/ha) forests Major agr. Crops Wheat, corn, sugarbeet, corn, sugarbeet, tomatoe, Winter barley, corn, potatoe Wheat, winter barley, corn, peaches, cabbage cabbage grapes

30 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Major characteristics of the climate general Moderately warm – Moderately warm – moderately Moderately warm – Moderately warm – moderately wet moderately wet wet moderately wet-wet

Annual sunshine 2000 hours 2000 hours 1950 hours 2060 hours hours Annual mean 10,2 °C 10,0 oC SE 10,0-10,2 oC, NW 9,7-9,9 S 10,6-10,8, E, W 10,5, N 9,5-10,0 temperature oC oC

Mean temperature 16,6-17 °C 16,5 oC 16,5 oC 16,5 – 17,2 oC of vegetation time Annual mean 680-730 mm 660-770 mm 780-800 mm 650-700 mm precipitation Average 380-400 mm Below 400 mm 450 mm 400-420 mm precipitation in vegetation period

Days with snow 35 36 40 35-38 cover Aridity index 0,96-1,04 0,93-1,07 SE 0,88-0,9, at other place 0,99-1,08 0,84-0,88 Dominant wind W and N N N, SW,E NW, SE direction Average wind Under 3 m/s Slightly above 3 m/s 2,5-3,0 m/s Slightly under 3 m/s speed

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Hydrological characteristics Water courses Kapos, Deseda stream, The Boronkai and Marótvölgyi The only tributary of Dráva Karasica, Bükkösdi and Pécsi Orci stream, Báté stream, channels conduct waters on this section is the Zsdála- waters, Egerszegi channel, Fekete- Hársasberki stream towards Lake Balaton ditch (Dráva water quality is víz (Pécs water quality III, the others good) are class II) Floodplain 57 km2 30,4 km2 5 km2 131 km2 Groundwater In valleys: 2-4 m, on Generally at 4-6 m depth, in not Significant quantity At varied depth ( 2-6 m) depth, slopes: 4-6 m significant quantity groundwater at 2-4 depth generally in not significant quantity containing Calcium, Magnesium, Hydrogen- Carbonate Deep Moderate: 0.5-0.75 l/s At 100-200 m depth wells of 1-1,5 l/s.km2 quantitity deep 1-1,5 l/s.km2 quantity in extreme groundwaters km2 significant water output- 1-1.5 l groundwaters available at depth and output in artesian wells km2 - can be established above 100 m , wells with an output about 200 l/p

Exploitation of Water resource load 40%, Surface and underground about Surface and underground Surface and underground about 40 water resources load on wells: 60-80 % 40 % , load on wells above 80 about 20 % , load on wells % , load on wells above 60 %. % above 60 %

Major Geographical Characteristics of Small Regions

32 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

The chart clearly shows the morphological variety of the landscape under analysis, all sorts of formations can be found here from floodplains, through plain areas to hills. This area is primarily based on Pannon rock-bed, the surface is mostly covered by alluvial sediment, sand or loess. Soils are mostly forest soils, characteristically including brown forest soils, or forest soils with clay leaching in, as well as meadow soils influenced by the movement of water. Their quality is often unfavourable. Climate in the region is mostly moderately warm – moderately wet, which is somewhat more favourable than the dry, hot conditions on the Great Plain. It is also supported by the fact that the number of sunshine hours and precipitation quantity are relatively high. The region is rich in surface waters, but the subsurface water conditions are also favourable. The closing association of the vegetation is mostly some kind of an oak forest. Forestry potentials are good, relatively high yields can be gained. The land utilisation characteristics of the region analysed is shown by Figure 3. The Figure clearly shows that on the landscapes affected by the Mecsek-Dráva project, arable land has a lower higher ratio than the national average, but forest cover is higher. Forests cover hill ridges of North-South orientation.

5.2. Environmental Sensitivity, Threatened Values of the Region Affected by Waste Management In waste management context, among environmental sensitivity factors, valuable habitats and water bases have to be emphasized. These are the media that are most threatened by inappropriately implemented waste disposal. For that reason, these are the ones that we wish to give an overview about in relation with the region analysed.

33 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása 5.1.1 Protected natural values The region analysed is rather rich in valuable habitats. In the region analysed certain areas of 2 national parks and 2 landscape protection districts or their entire territory, and 9 nature protection areas can be found. These values are presented by using the work of László Garami – Lászlóné Garami titled: „On Green Roads – a Guide to our protected natural values”.

Among these, the Danube-Dráva National Park, which fundamentally consists of two parts, is under national protection: one that follows the course of the Dráva River, in East-West direction, from Őrtilos to Matty-Gyűrűspuszta, the other is a flood plain of the south section of the Danube River from Bogyiszló to the national border. Both „bands” are variably getting wider or narrower. The area of the National Park also covers the former Gemenc Landscape Protection District and the indegenous juniper forest in Barcs, which used to be protected as a nature conservation area. The Danube-Dráva National Park was established in 1996, registration number 268/NP/96. Its area is 49473 ha, including 14123 ha highly protected area.

Most of the Boronka Region Landscape Protection District is within of the region analysed. The protected area was established in 1991 on an area of 7883 ha, including 490 ha highly protected area. A unique feature of this protection is that this is the only area under national protection that is managed not by the state but by a private organisation, the „Somogy” Nature Conservation organisation of the Hungarian Ornithology Association. From among the comprehensive forests of the area also rich in watercourses, the most valuable ones are the alder bogs and the alder groves. The avifauna of the waters and shores/banks are also a great treasure. Along smaller and larger lakes nests of sea-eagle and black stork, and sometimes even otters can be found. Visitors are taken for a tour by a small train to show them the values of the area, allowing dissemination of knowledge without causing major damages.

In addition, smaller mosaic bits of the Zselici, Little Balaton Landscape Protection District are part of the region analysed while the East Mecsek Landscape Protection District is almost having a common border with it.

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Figure 3 The land utilisation characteristics of the region analysed

35 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

In addition to the National Park and the Landscape Protection District, on the territory of the Dráva-Mecsek Program 13 Nature Conservation Areas under national protection can be found. These are the following: ¾ Surface of Abaligeti Cave (extension 1.3 ha, registration number: 4/TT/41): The surface and neighbourhood of the protected cave has a unique geological structure, and this, together with the lakes at the entrance of the cave give a very pleasant landscape environment. Although this cave cannot compete with our most famous caves, but the clean air inside promotes the recovery of a lot of ill people, and its dripstones attract a lot of visitors. ¾ Babócsai Pasha Garden (extension 12.6 ha, registration number: 144/TT/77): According to the legend, the wife of the Turkish Pasha besieging the Babócsa fortress planted the first narcissus here. In additon to the star studded narcissus of outstanding importance, the autumn crocuses are also spectacular. This area is also rich in archaeological relics (from the Árpád era, Turkish period, etc.) ¾ Lake Baláta, Nature Conservation Area, Szenta (extension 174 ha, registration number: 9/TT/42): This small fragment of the intact indigenous nature can be found in an area not known by man, many kilometers far from the roads. Indigenous bog with no outlet, with reedbeds and moors. Floating bog, willow and adler can be found here with rare plant and animal species. The common viper and its black variant are of outstanding importance here. ¾ Csokonyavisonta pasture with wood groves (extension 424 ha, registration number: 143/TT/77): This area stills shows the footprints of the combined pasture and forest management, so characteristic of Somogy county some time ago. Due to the repression of animal husbandry, on the pasture

increasingly dominated by weeds and spontaneously growing, the old oak trees stand in groups of three and five. With the increase of the forest cover, the

36 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

habitat of rare plants and birds indigenous in these pastures is more and more repressed. ¾ Fekete-hegy, Nature Conservation Area, Villánykövesd (extension 94.6 ha, highly protected 10 ha, registration number: 280/TT/97): Not far from Szársomlyó Mount can be found the mount of a saddle shape, with its southern slope being the most valuable. On the karst formation, among the woolly oak grove patches, rare orchid species (Orchis simia, Anacamptis pyramidalis) and the highly protected Ophys apifery and the Himantoglossum hircinum have their habitat. The botanists have found here 48 protected species. ¾ Jakabhegy (Jakab Mount) NCA (extension 223.9 ha, registration number: 165/TT/78): The southern side of the 602 high West-Mecsek massif falls almost vertically with its bare, rocky surface. Erosion of the redish sandstone was further continued by the wind, and it wasn’t demolished only where it got cemented due to the thermal waters containing silicic acid. People linked different legends to the formation of bizarre shape structures, the so-called doll-like terns. (The Mount was named after the St. James Monastery built here.) ¾ Melegmányi Valley NCA (extension 719.7 ha, registration number: 62/TT/57): The most impressive gorge/pass of the Central Mecsek Mountains, which, due to its mild climate, is a home to a specific biosphere. The sinks and caves of the area are also valuable. ¾ Mohács Historic Memorial (extension 7.5 ha, registration number: 111/TT/75): The Memorial place was inaugurated on the 45th anniversary of the battle. Three artists: József Király, Sándor Kiss and Pál Kő erected a wooden headboard on the grassy area in the memory of the war deads. ¾ Nagybereki Fehérvíz (Nagyberek white water) NCA (extension 1,537 ha, registration number: 150/TT/77): In the middle of the 19th century Nagyberek used to be a lake. Due to the regulation of the Sió River, Lake Balaton and its vicinity saw a water level drop of one meter as a result of which these areas became dry and only deep-lying areas were able to keep the original moors and bogs. The pastures getting dry were maintained by the gazing animals, but when animal husbandy was repressed, these areas were left abandoned. The remaining valuable spots are habitats for nestling birds and for rare plants. ¾ Pintér kert (garden) NCA (extension 3 ha, registration number: 155/TT/77): The Tettye is a double plateau above the city of Pécs, which wasn’t created by nature: it is the

37 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

immensive strip pit of a quarry from the Roman times. It was in this protected area, in the place of a former vineyard where János Pintér began to plant rare plants in the 1920s. The wild beauty of this miniature botanic garden still treasures outstanding values: 30 different pine and 180 tree and shrub species. ¾ Rinyaszentkirályi Forest NCA (extension 62.8 ha, registration number: 174/TT/84): Between two fishponds, on areas of high water table, the last remnants of the one-time extensive forests along Rinya have been preserved. In the undergrowth of hard wood groves chequered with poplar and willow, protected orchids thrive. The forest is protected however, mainly because of its birdlife. ¾ Szársomlyó, NCA (extension 246 ha, highly protected 129 ha, registration number: 15/TT/44): The thick sediment of the Thetys Sea was elevated by the tectonic pressure from the South. The micro climate of the northern and the southern side of the Mount is different, the bare rocks of the sothern side may be 10 degrees warmer during daytime. Due to these specific climatic conditions a rather unique biosphere could be preserved with a lot of mediterranean species. ¾ Rare reptiles and two highly protected birds, the Monticola solitarius and the Circaetus gallicus can be found on the mount. Mining of the valuable stones form the mount was begun on both sides in the 20th centrury. On the east side, there is an open air statue exhibition in the strip pit, but on the western side, mining is still continued. ¾ Szentegáti Forest NCA (extension 235 ha, registration number: 255/TT/93): People say that the only nestling place in the whole country of the milvine can be found here. This little beech tree forest stills preserves the climatic conditions that used to be there 2500 years ago. 14 protected plants including the stemless cowslip, the Daphne mezereum, the Platanthera bifolia and the Ruscus aculeatus have been found here. Some of the plants are of mountain origin. In this region (or more exactly on its borders) three areas, namely Little Balaton, the Szaporca Old-Dráva bed, Béda-Karapancsa and the Gemenc area of the Danube-Dráva National Park

38 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary are wetlands of international significance and fall under the scope of the Ramsar Convention. In addition to the national protection a number of local protected values can also be found in the region analysed. These are enlisted in the next table, in Table 2. Source of data in the table: ¾ Protected natural values of settlements in Hungary (Edited by: János Tardy) 1996. ¾ From Göcsej to Mohács – Natural treasures of South Transdanubia (edited by: Zoltán Rakonczay) 1997.

39 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of Registrati value/asset under on Major characteristics local protection number Baranya county Almamelléki 179 year old indigenous beech stock in Sasrét-puszta, west 01/03/TT/ indigenous of the hunting lodge 41 beechgrove The three Austrian oaks quite old by now were planted here Almamelléki 01/65/TE/ after the death of Queen Elisabeth as part of a memorial tee Austrian oaks 85 plantation. Besencei ash tree The age of the 32 m high tree with 654 cm trunk perimeter 01/56/TT/ (Fraxinus ang. may be around 250 years. Some people say that it is the 78 Pannonica) highest Pannonica ash tree specimen int he world. The 23-27 m high trees near the last house of the village are Bodolyabéri silver 01/75/TE/ also memorial trees probably planted in memory of Queen poplar 85 Elisabeth. Bogdásai Austrian On the hill close to the village a 200-250 year old Austrian 01/54/TT/ oak and wild pear oak and an almost 150 year old wild pear tree can be found. 78 tree An almost 2 km long row of horse and other chestnut trees Horse chestnut tree 01/48/TT/ consisting of 314 trees planted by Archduke Albrecht close row, Nagynyárád 76 to his castle in Sátorhely. In the park around the former castle of the Batthány family 01/42/TT/ under historic monument protection the oldest trees are Bólyi Castle park 75 several hundreds years old. One of the largest white lime and Austrian oak of Hungary can be found here. The area near the castle on the four sides is bordered by Bólyi maple trees – 01/72/TE/ maple trees, each being 100 years old, which have reached 4 specimen 85 the almost 30 m height due to the optimum conditions of the production site. Three little-leaf linden were planted close to the Reformed Botykapeterdi 01/64/TE/ Church building of the settlement, which were presumably little-leaf linden 85 Queen Elisabeth memorial trees. Two have been cut off, but the third one is in sound condition. In the park of the Festetics mansion built in 1836 in classicist style the number of tree and schrub species and varieties mounts to 85. The most beautiful tree specimen Csertői castle 01/20/TT/ are: sequoia, white cypress, Caucasian and Colorado silver garden 74 fir, forest and black fir varieties, different oak varieties, white linden, tulip trees, hornbeam (carpinus betulus Pendula) and special maple trees.

40 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of value/asset Registration Major characteristics under local protection number Baranya county cont. The remnant trees of the former pasture are evidence of an earlier Diósviszoly, pasture 01/81/TT/88 forest. The endangered old trees surrounded by grassland have a height with groves of 18-19 m and a trunk circumference of 300-360 cm. Old trees of The last remnant trees of hardwood forests formed on the Drava’s 01/26/TT/74 Drávasztára former flood plain include huge pedunculate oaks and 2 wild pear trees. The continuous grazing pasture with groves at the Eastern end of this Felsőszentmárton settlement is considered a rarity today. The old Slavonian trees are 01/53/TT/78 pasture with groves estimated to be 180-200 years old and represent a significant natural value. A large pond has been created by damming the stream bisecting what used to be the park of the former Batthyány-castle, which was built in Castle Park of 01/43/TT/75 the 18th century. There are 92 different species of trees and shrubs in Gőrcsőny the park including the Japanese acacia tree and the so-called Balatonfüred linden. What initially was a group of 4 trees today consists of 2 pedunculate Group of trees in 01/79/TE/88 oaks and 1 Turkey oak, with a height of 17-19 m and a trunk Harkány (4 trees) circumference of 269-420 cm. Little is known about their past. This very small castle, which was originally built in ecclectic style, used to belong to the Nádasdy-family. The garden has, among other Nursery Home Park at 01/51/TT/78 things, resinous cedars, giant sequoias, a huge tulip tree and a gigantic Helesfa yewtree estimated to be 160 years old, which is one the largest specimens in the country. Situated 18 km North-West of the city of Pécs, Lake Herman Ottó has Lake Herman Ottó at been made artificially by impounding the waters of the Orfű Stream 01/10/TT/71 Tekeres with the aim of collecting all indigenous and other fish species in Hungary, therefore it has a unique fish fauna. This highly impressive old plane tree has been put under protection at Plane tree at Ibafa 01/19/TT/74 the request of Ibafa’s whole population. It is about 200 years old, stands 25 m high, and is 398 cm in diameter. In the small area of the Páprágy Valley by the Jakab Hill many stems of Cowberries on the 01/40/TT/74 cowberries have survived as remnants from the Ice Age. This plant, Jakab Hill, Pécs which is to be found exclusively on acidic forest soil, is a real rarity. The glass house was built in 1932 and most trees were planted in 1934. The glass houses accommodate cacti and succulents (2000 species, 15000 specimens), palms, ferns (120 trees), and collections of tropical Botanic Garden of the plants and epiphites. The outdoor collection comprises approximately Janus Pannonius 01/85/TT/89 5000 perennial species. The number of coniferous taxons is 80, while University, Pécs that of deciduous units is 300. The submediterranean rarities not only have a dendrological value but are also important elements of the city’s green area. Pedunculate oaks of Within the bounds of this village, by the railway station, stand 11 01/68/TE/85 Kákics pedunculate oaks, now in danger from fast spreading hollies. South of the village of Kákics there are 3 protected Hungarian ashes Hungarian ashes of among trees standing solitary or in small groups. They are estimated 01/27/TT/74 Kákics between 150 and 300 years of age, their height varying between 21 and 25 m. This is a gigantic and beautiful specimen of this rare species in California giant 01/29/TT/74 Hungary. It is aged about 100 years, stands 40 m high and has a trunk sequoia, Pécs circumference of 330 cm. These 3 specimens displaying the most beautiful and best growth in Yewtrees in Káptalan 01/32/TT/74 town stand together in the courtyard of the oldest dwelling house in Street, Pécs Pécs. (The first records of the building date back as far as 1324.). This village has at its heart an approximately 150-year-old linden tree Linden in Kétújfalu 01/25/TT/74 which has been placed under protection because of its small leaves and

41 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

impressive shape. It has a height of 30 m and a trunk circumference of over 300 cm. Situated right after the railway crossing South of Kétújfalu stand 2 huge Pedunculate oaks of 01/41/TT/74 pedunculate oaks 150 m apart, with their respective heights of 20 and Kétújfalu 25 m and trunk circumferences 542 and 565 cm.

42 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of value/area Register placed under local Main characteristics Number protection Baranya County (cont.) A 330 m long false citrus alley flanks the old earth road by the Rigópuszta Nursery protected castle. To the East, 8 larches, Malonyan arborvitaes, plane Home Park at 01/52/TT/78 trees, maple trees, horse chestnut trees, magnolias and different pine Királyegyháza species form the collection of plants. At the entrance of the village cemetary one finds an enormous Group of trees in pedunculate oak with a trunk circumference of 420 cm while the 01/77/TE/85 Kisdér garden is home to 6 smaller pedunculate oaks, which are at least 100 years old. These are presumably also Elizabeth’s memorial trees. Forest sections placed under protection primarily have a botanical value. Forests have remained in their natural state in this area. One can Forest sections in 01/49/TT/76 find here all softwood and hardwood communities typical of flood Kisszentmárton plains such as an elm-ash-oak forest, a hornbeam-pedunculate oak forest and a willow-poplar bog forest. Grape tree in The oldest cultivated plant of the Mecsek hillside. Its age is estimated at Papnövelde Street, 01/35/TT/74 200-250 years. It yields hundreds of clusters every year. Pécs Magyarhertelendi Several aged oakes stand at the entrance of the thermal spa, probably 01/74/TE/85 pedunculate oak remnants from a former grazing pasture. 16 horse chestnut trees Of the 16 horse chestnut trees planted in memory of those killed in WW 01/71/TE/85 at Magyarmecske I two dried out recently. The rest of the trees are in danger too. The castle’s arboretum-like park has not undergone botanical Castle Park at 01/84/TT/88 assessment yet. In the current state of the park, the trees are dying and Magyartelek the fountain and the pool are in a state of disrepair. Pedunculate oaks at North of the castle of Magyartelek there are 2 old pedunculate oaks by 01/70/TE/85 Magyartelek the cemetery. Both are healthy. The park of the castle functioning today as a nursery home combines the styles of French and English parks. There are close to 100 tree and Margitmajor Park, 01/45/TT/75 shrub species including local species as well as specialties such as a Vásárosdombó silver linden whose description cannot be found even in specialised literature. The protected surface area of the cave is a protective zone for the cave. Surface area of the The cave was discovered in the 1800s. Unfortunately, in 1972 its 01/05/TT/42 formations were extracted for decorative and memorial stones. Today Máriagyűd Cave, the cave once rich in stalactites and stalagmites lies ruined and plundered. Built in the late 1800s the castle now serves as a nursery home. There are numerous tree and special shrub species in the park even today, such as 17 pine species, including the rare Eastern hemlock pine along Castle Park at Mozsgó 01/21/TT/74 with 75 deciduous tree and shrub species. Among the large trees one can find a hedge maple (with a trunk circumference of 300 cm), a black wallnut tree, plane trees and an approximately 150-year-old fluttering elm with 320 cm in trunk circumference. A few decades ago the foliage of hornbeam-oak forest trees on the grassland was continuous. Then they began to die fast as a consequence of dry weather and farming activities. They are now under protection in Pasture with trees at order to stop this process. Stronger species have survived, though, such 01/22/TT/74 Nagydobsza as hornbeams, oaks and wild pear tress with heights of 16-19 m, 20-23 m and 16-21 m, respectively. The grassland has remained in good condition as a result of periodical grazing, although weeds are spreading at its Southern edge. At the back of the vinyards at the foothill, right outside the forester’s Small-leaved lindens at 01/78/TE/85 house there is a line of small-leave lindens, probably remnant trees of Nagytótfalu the Northern slopes of the Villány Hills. There height varies between

43 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

24 and 25 m and their trunk circumference between 265 and 280 cm. The Pál-kút (Pál Well), also known as Istenkút-forrás (Godwell Spring), is situated North of Nagyváty. The spring was first exploited in Pál-kút at Nagyváty 01/07/TT/43 1862. The old beech standing by it is reminiscent of a wet and cool habitat, a former linden-beech forest. Today cut-down beeches are progressively being replaced by oaks and lindens.

44 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of value/area Register placed under local Main characteristics Number protection Baranya County (cont.) Left of the first impondment lake of the Orfű resort area there is a steep hillside covered with a forest known as the Balázs Forest. On this steep Sárkány Well and its hillside, 20 metres above the road one can find the protected Sárkány- 01/08/TT/52 vicinity at Orfű kút (Dragon Well), a long-known periodical karst spring. According to a local legend water was struck by a seven-headed dragon once living in the area. This more than 100-year-old specimen with a height of 20-22 m and a Ginkgo in District II, 01/31/TT/74 trunk circumference of 387 cm stands in a narrow courtyard at 25 Pécs Ferencesek Street. The area stretching West of Patapoklos is one of the most beautiful woody grasslands of Baranya County. The composition of the tree Grassland with trees at 01/24/TT/74 stock is 50% pedunculate oak and tanning wood (aged between 250- Patapoklos 350 years), 30% wild pear (aged 150-250), and 20% hornbeam (aged 100-200 years). The only square in the city of Pécs to be planted with trees. As a tourist Szent István Square centre the square with its 188 horse chestnut trees and 10 plane trees 01/37/TT/74 and Barbakán, Pécs creates a special milieu. In this protected area one can also find 4 honey locusts, 2 birches, 1 yewtree, 2 larches and 1 paper-mulberry. Placement under protection of the large park forest stretching North of Pécs was justified by the need to prevent land parcelling on the one hand and by its significant botanical value on the other. Plant City Park Forest, Pécs 01/39/TT/74 communities in the protected area include Mecsek downy oak-wig tree bush forest, savanna type karst bush forest, downy oak seed forest, calciphobous oak forest, calciphobous beech forestm tanning wood-oak forest, hornbeam-oak forest and beech forest. In the courtyards of this mining district there live 250 nicely grown Pécsbányatelep plant 01/62/TT/83 sweet chestnut trees. The oldest ones are estimated to be 500 yerars of collection age. In this protected area there are 254 sweet chestnut trees. The estimated Pécsbányatelep sweet age of the grove ranges between 35-500 years, i.e. it is a mixed-age 01/36/TT/74 chestnut forest, Pécs stock. There used to stand here a ‘One-thousand-year-old’ chestnut tree as well. The grove is in danger from the nearby open-pit mine. This built-out spring is situated at the foot of a hornbeam forest Isten kútja (God’s stretching Northward from Pécs towards Nagydeindol. It had been the 01/01/TT/40 Well) spring, Pécs major source of water supply until a tap water network was contructed. Its water comes from underground red shale aquifers. Pedunculate oaks were planted in the 19th century around the village 3 pedunculate oaks in church in memory of Queen Elizabeth. The 3 oaks vary in heigh 01/55/TT/78 Peterdi between 10-13 m and have trunk circumferences ranging from 230-270 m. The castle built between 1744-1750 by Earl Lajos Batthyány was made really beautiful and great in the 20th century by its last owner, Iván Draskovich. Today there are 115 coniferous and 240 deciduous species Castle Park of Sellye 01/09/TT/66 present. There are a great number of rarities in the arboretum from all over the world, notably red-leave varieties such as rose-edged blood birch, blood birch, blood oak and pine species. Plane trees in Sellye 01/67/TE/85 There are also a few plane trees in front of the castle. Máriagyüd, which belongs to Siklós, also has a famous Franciscan church whose predecessor was built of wood in 1148 by Benedictine Linden alleys in Siklós 01/58/TT/79 monks. South of the church the road is flanked by an alley with 180 healthy lindens. Sweet chestnut alleys The right hand side of the road from the Siklós vinyards to the station is 01/57/TT/79 in Siklós decorated by a protected horse chestnut alley. The height of the trees

45 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

varies between 15-18 m, and the trunk circumference of the largest specimen is 284 cm. On a wide square at the heart of the village stand these small-leave Small-leaves lindens in lindens. Based on their age and number they are also probably 01/69/TE/85 Sósvertike Elizabeth’s memorial trees. There height ranges between 15-18 m and their trunk circumference between 150-250 cm.

46 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of value/area Register placed under local Main Characteristics Number protection Baranya County (cont.) The nature conservation area around the historic monument fortress roughly overlaps with the historic monument territory: in the north it Vicinity of Szigetvár extends as far as the natural and forestry arranged boundary of the 01/23/TT/74 fortress fortress area. For cultural historic point of view the area is so valuable that double protection is justified by all means. The unbuilt up area well fits to the fortress as a backround. Sout-east of the village, among the vineyards and the press-houses, two 2 large leaf linden trees huge large leaf linden trees can be found, which may have been there as 01/73/TE/85 in Szilágyi remnants of the former ravine forest of the Baranya Hills. Their height is 22-23 m, their trunk perimeter is 341and 313 cm. Sout of Szőke water reservoirs can be found, which has been created by the damming up of the Hegya Brook. The west shore of the reservoirs Austrian oaks at Szőke 01/80/TE/88 is lined by forst meadows, a group of 50-50 Austrian oaks fragmented (30 trees) by meadow spots, and 30 specimen under protection because of their beauty and age. Almost half of the trees on the grove like meadows west of the village Meadow-forest at are pedunculate oaks, a third of them are 100-150 year old wild pear, 01/82/TT/88 Tótszentgyőrgyi but willow, poplar and hornbeam are also frequent. The health condition of the oldest trees is deteriorating. The protected tree located in the hilly north of the city is 26 m high, its Turkish nut tree, Pécs 01/33/TT/74 trunk perimeter is 367 cm, its crown is estimated to be 120 years old. District kerület The huge size tree is the most magnificient ornament of the vicinity. The tree in the historic downtown, estimated to be 120 years old, Turkish nut tree, Pécs having a height of 18 m and trunk perimeter of 315 cm, the diameter of 01/30/TT/74 District III the crown being 18 m. Some decades ago there was a year when it had a fruit yield of 400 kg. A stately yew tree, standing opposite to the school, at the end of the Yew tree at Varga 01/61/TE/83 village. Its height is 12 m, trunk perimeter 422 cm, crown diameter is close to 55 m. North of Vejti a narrow oak tree area can be found, behind it is Indigenous oak forest accompanied by forest meadow. Estimated age of the peduncular oak 01/83/TT/88 at Vejti trees is 150-250 years, unfortunately they are at a risk because of the agricultural activity there. Vízkő Spring can be found east of the prestigious spas around Pécs. This is where Orfűi Brook has its spring, which, together with Vízkő Spring and the so-called Sárkány abyss are under protection. Behind the Vízfő Spring and 01/18/TT/72 spring a dripstone cave is waiting for exploration, and placing the Sárkány abyss at Orfű dolina field behind under protection is still a task for the future. Protection would be focus more attention on the catchment area of the cave system. Four huge peduncular oak trees can be seen at the end of the street of Peduncular oak trees at 01/66/TE/85 the church and the school. The trees may have been built in the time of Zaláta, 4 trees Maria Theresa or Emperor Joseph II. Somogy County Hardly any ruins have remained from the Middle Ages fortress. The Fortress hill and its first records were made about the fortress in manuscripts in 1450. The environment at 13/29/TT/77 Turkish troops occupied it three times, but when it lost its military Babócsa importance at the end of the 1600s, it began to decline. Today the fortress hill is an attractive touristic place. Three beautiful old peduncular oak trees preserve the memories of Old oaks at Bolhó 13/24/TT/77 grazing in the old times. Csurgó, Csokonai Vitéz The building of the grammar school founded by Earl György Festetics 13/39/TT/78 M. Grammar School in 1890 is currently a youth hostel. The park was also established at the

47 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Park same time. Its flora is highly varied, among the lot of coniferous and decidous kinds of trees huge size yew trees, false cypress and crown post trees and one giant redwood under individual protection can be found. Old beech forest at No data. 13/82/TT/89 Csurgónagymártoni

48 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Name of value/area placed under local Register No. Main Characteristics protection Somogy County (cont.) The old trees of the pasture east of the settlement represent a priceless Pasture with trees at genetic and aesthetic value. A number of animal species living in 13/78/TT/87 Kálmáncsa hollows in trees and other species tied to the old trees find their best living conditions here. Group of trees at the In the centre of Nagyatád, next to the grove a playground was Korányi S. Street 13/46/TT/80 established and a spectaculous group of trees there includes 8 sweet playground, Nagyatád chestnut and 5 small leaf linden trees. The castle can be found not far from Barcs, in the forest. It was built by Castle park of Ferenc Széchényi in 1925. Today it functions as a Forestry and Water 13/76/TT/87 Középrigóc, Barcs management Technical School. Since the 1960s exotic trees have been planted here next to the old trees, creating quite a botanic garden. A group of trees on the territory of Lábod at the junction towards 5 millenium linden Nagyatád, which were planted in respect of the 1000th anniversary of 13/36/TT/78 trees at Lábod the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by the Hungarian tribes. Unfortunately, only 5 trees have been left. The picnic park was established in the inner part of the settlement in 1968 on almost 3 ha area on the abandoned park area of the old starch production factory that burned down during WW II. Its current shape Picnic Park at Lábod 13/49/TT/80 has been formed by the vicinity of the Csörge Brook and the current tree stock. The tree stock consists of 50-100 year old oak, sweet chestnut, poplar, weeping willow and Oregon cypruss specimen. High ash tree at Ladi 13/04/TT/44 Old tree, around 200 years old, perimeter:380 cm, height 26 m. The estimated age of the old grey poplar is 130 years, its perimeter is Poplar at Ladi 13/05/TT/44 almost 4 m. On the territory of the 30 ha park forest a number exotic species can be found from the white cypress to the giant redwood.. The castle to be found there was built in 1910 by the Austrian sea captain, earl Hoyoz Miksa. He brought a number of hard wood plants from different parts Park forest at Ladi 13/03/TT/44 of the world where he had been to during his cruises, and these plants were succesfuly grown here, so with the exception of the oak, plane, linden and maple trees older than 300 years all the other exotic trees were planted at the turn of the century. In the centre of Marcali, the 3 ha public park with its varied flora is a Peace Park at Marcali 13/69/TT/85 contribution to the greener city image. The local people and the visitors are happy to spend some time in this park. The 2 ha park has been brought under protection because of its Marcali public park 13/68/TT/85 aesthetic value, it is visited by a number of people. The line of trees declared protected in 1977 can be found in the inner Horse chestnut tree line area of Nagyatád. Unfortunately at the beginning of the road some along Dózsa Gy. Road 13/22/TT/77 horse chestnut trees were cut off because of road construction, and they in Nagyatád have not been supplemented yet. The tree in the inner area of the the settlement is dominating the central Sweet chestnut tree, 13/73/TT/87 part of the village with its special size. Its perimeter at breast height is Nemesdéd about 2 m. This park is also a place of cultural historical importance as Berzsenyi Park of Berzsenyi lived here for 30 years and spent a lot of time in the current memorial 13/13/TT/74 Museum at Nikla park. Horse chestnut trees planted by Berzsenyi and Wesselényi and a nice cornel tree collection has been left for the succeeding generations. The 62 ha pasture with trees in the south west area of Péterhida is Pasture with trees at valuable for both dendrological and economy history aspects. It is 13/35/TT/78 Péterhida characterised by peduncular oak trees of an age of Methusalah and plant associations characteristic to acidic soils. On the top of trees white

49 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

stork nests can be seen, which is quite rare because of the urbanisation process of the storks.(these days storks more often have their nests in human environment, on top of chimneys or electricity poles). Yew trees at Two beautiful yew trees of standard growth, around 80 years of age, 13/37/TT/78 Rinyabesenyő perimeter above one meter. The hunting castle is located north of the settlement; it was built by the Görgeteg, Rinyatamási Széchenyi family. A number of old tree specimen can be found in the 13/50/TT/80 hunting castle park park, the ones with a special value are the peduncular oak trees with 1,0-1,2 m perimeter and the spruce firs.

50 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Somogy County (cont.) The classicist castle was built in 1935 by a landowner. The establishment of the park was also started at that time by planting Nagyatád, Castle park orchards, evergreens and deciduous tree species. False cyprus varieties, 13/28/TT/77 of Simongát Balkan and eastern spruce trees of good growth capacity, and from among the deciduous kinds, the peduncular oak trees seem to have good conditions here. The park of the one time Somsich mansion is a formal garden in the Castle park at inner area of the settlement. Its special value lies not only in its 13/72/TT/85 Somogybűkkősd location with the circular panorama, but also in the rare fir species, evergreen banboos and two chestnut trees of an age of Methuselah. Pasture at Somogyfajsz 13/81/TT/89 No data. Japanese acacia trees of The ornament of the yard of the primary school in the centre of the the Somogyszentpál 13/56/TT/83 village is 12 Japanese acacia trees, which is an object of pride for the school village. One of the two trees unfortunately fell down because of a storm, so by Oak tree at 13/01/TT/42 now only one peduncular oak tree under protection can be found in the Somogyszob village. The peduncular oka tree estimated to be 350 years old can be found in Old oak tree of the vicinity of the village. Its trunk perimeter is 613 cm, crown 13/25/TT/77 Somogytarnóca, Barcs diameter 28 m. Unfortunately, very few of these old, beautiful trees have been left in Hungary. The centre of the town is decorated by an almost 3 ha park. Its tree Széchenyi Square Park, stock is of mixed age, mostly 80-90 years old valuable species (horse 13/47/TT/80 Nagyatád chestnut lines, rose gardens with yew trees, tulip tree, spruce trees, forest pine trees, red oak and birch trees). The fortres of Szőcsény village in the Middle Ages was built in the Somogyzsitfa, tree 1550s. On the 1 ha area west of Somogyzsitfa old trees can be seen Mathuselah around the 13/45/TT/80 sporadically spreaded in the vicinity of the fortress ruins: 30 m high the Szőcsény puszta 155 year old beech giants, 100 year old hornbeam trees, peduncular earth forest ruins oaks, Austrian oaks and horse chestnut trees along the road. The age of the linden tree located on a cemetery hill in the inner areaof Linden tree on the Szőkedencs can only be estimated, its perimeter is about 13 m, its cemetery hill of 13/64/TT/85 height is 25 m. Considering its age and size it is perhaps a unique Szőkedencs specimen in Hungary. Plane and horse The more than 100 years old plane and horse chestnut trees in the chestnut trees of the garden of the maternity home are special not only because of their size, 13/23/TT/77 maternity home in but also because their crowns area a home to the song birds of the Nagyatád vicinity. Perhaps one of the most beautiful, the largest and probably the oldest Old oak tree at peduncular oak tree of Somogy county can be found north of the 13/26/TT/77 Tótújfalus village, along the highway. It is min. 350-400 years old, its trunk perimeter is 671 cm, its crown diameter is 24 m. In the inner area of Varászló, next to the water mill a common ash tree Common ash tree at 13/54/TT/83 can be found, it is 130 years old, its trunk perimeter is 100 cm, its Varászló height is 29 m. The group of 4 old peduncular oak trees under protection can be found Oak trees at Varászló 13/55/TT/83 in the inner part of the village, by the public road. Tolna County Crocus of Csapod, Production place of the Illyric crocus. 16/17/TT/76 Gyulaj In some parts of the Peace Park in Dombóvár, characteristics of the former plain area with ash and oak trees can be discovered, although Peace Park, Dombóvár 16/21/TT/76 this garden is the result of conscious planning. Among planted trees the older ones are 80-100 years old. Old exotic trees can also be found in the tree stock. This park is the “green lung” of the town, and also has a

51 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

rich avifauna. The two rows of horse chestnut trees lining the two sides of the Main Dombóvár, Row of 16/22/TT/76 Street of New Dombóvár are very picturesque at the time of Horse chestnut trees blossoming. It is 80 years old. The indigenous stocks of Hungarian oak trees to be found on the area with former registration mark 26 C, are quite rare in Hungary. The oak Hungarian oak trees at 16/16/TT/76 tree forest situated north of Gyulaj is 103-110 years old, it is presently Gyulaj owned by the Forestry and Hunting Co of Gyulaj ( Erdészeti és Vadászati Rt). Natural values under local protection

The location of the protected areas and values is indicated in Figure 4. The correlation of the protected habitats and the habitats not under protection but still natural in the region, that is the components of the ecological network are shown in Figure 5.

5.1.2 Areas to be Emphasized from the Aspect of Water Base Protection Most of the area under analysis is situated in the south of South Transdanubia and is based on the River Dráva and the national border. In accordance with the Government Decree No. 9/2002 on the designation of surface river basin, the north-west corner of the region in question is part of the highly protected Balaton basin, while its south-east corner is part of the Danube river basin, which is also highly protected. The central areas enjoy general protection. (See Figure 6.)

Its geomorphologic as well as its geological and hydro-geological structure is highly varied, heterogeneous. As a consequence, all essential components determining subsurface sensitivity can be found on the area: stagnant waters, uncovered karst, drinking water bases, good aquifers close to the surface, etc. The areas to be emphasized for underground sensitivity are indicated in Figure 7.

From the point of view of underground drinking waterbases, waterworks utilising karst water (area of West-Mecsek and Villányi Mountain), waterworks abstracting deep groundwater (plain and hilly areas), and sporadically in some places, water abstraction of groundwater is operating. On the area in question, no production based on bank filtered drinking water resource can be found among the currently operating water bases.

With regard to water resource type, the distribution of the currently operating vulnerable water bases is as follows:

52 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary a. Karstwater: all together 14 operating vulnerable water bases can be found on the area with water right permit allowing them to abstract maximum 10,500 m3/d water. Some of these belong to the karst water area in the Mecsek Mountains (area of Tettye spring, Orfű, Abaliget, Mánfa). The others abstract water from the clods of the karstic beds of middle Triassic, upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous era standing out in an island fashion in the Villány karst water area (e.g. the outbreak at Máriakéménd). b. Deep groundwaters Primarily the waterworks built on the aquifers of the beds of Upper Pannonia and Quaternary era belong to this group. On the area under analysis a total of 56 operating vulnerable water bases with exactly 44,000 m3/d permitted abstraction capacity can be found. Most of the vulnerable water bases built on deep groundwater are local water works in the small villages area of South Baranya with a permitted abstraction capacity rarely exceeding 300 m3/d. In terms of quantity, the water works at Tortyogó and the “P” water works playing an important role in the water supply of the city of Pécs use more than half of the vulnerable water resources, that is, 28,000 m3/d. c. Groundwater The all total 6 water works using groundwater resources with their exactly 1,600 m3/d total capacity do not play a significant role in the drinking water supply of the area. From public administration point of view all the six water works are located on the area of Baranya county.

Currently not operating, vulnerable water bases with prospective protection have been designated on 13 areas to exploit the bank filtered water resource of the Dráva River, from Bélavár to Drávaszabolcs, on a 90 km long river section.

Vulnerable water bases to be found in the region are shown by Figure 8.

53 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 4 Protected natural values of the region under analysis

54 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 5 Components of the Ecological Network in the Region Analysed

55 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 6 Designation of Surface Catchment Areas according to Government Decree 9/2002 56 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 7 Features Determining Underground Sensitivity 57 Mecsek-Dráva Projekt várható környezeti hatásainak összefoglalása

Figure 8 Vulnerable Water Bases Located in the Region Analysed

58 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

The Figures above clearly show that the area under analysis is rather rich both in protected areas and natural biosphere as well as in sensitive-vulnerable areas with regard to water base protection. The unorganised, unmanaged waste dumping and the current waste management activity of inappropriate level often accompanied by specific pollution present an obvious threat to the protection of these values. The planned project will significantly decrease the threat to the region, moreover in a number of cases will eliminate actual environmental load on the one hand by reducing landfilled waste quantity and the number of landfills, and on the other hand, by the implementation of modern landfills constructed in compliance with the environmental requirements and properly operated.

6 Description of Each Waste Treatment Plant and Facilities

6.1 Regional Waste Treatment Centre in Pécs-Kökény The waste landfill site in Kökény is located south of the city of Pécs. The municipal solid waste landfill site receives wate from the city of Pécs and the settlements close to the city. On the waste landfill site the delivered waste is disposed by landfilling. The waste landfill site was designated in the northern, upper section of the Hideg Valley located in between Kökény and Szilvás settlements, on ground-plot Top.Lot No. 058 and 059 and 020/2, 021 and 022/3 in Szilvás. The landfill is accessible from main road 58 on a road of solid pavement exiting from the public road in the vicinity of the airport in Pogány. Land registry identifies the property as a landfill site 11.27 ha, Top. Lot No. 058, abandoned from cultivation (its Uniform National Grid coordinates are Y: 711636,6 és X: 584772,5). On the indicated area in addition to solid waste disposal, green wastes collection is also pursued. The compostable wastes collected by the green wastes trucks are shreeded, composted and sieved at the composting plant. The landfilled has been equipped with the state-of the-art technical protection currently applied in Europe. Its most important components are the insulation of the base and embankment of the depot, treatment of the leakage water, and waste documentation, atc. (The collection district of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre can be seen in Annex 2)

59 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

6.1.1 Facilities and Capacity of the Technology Intended to be Implemented At the waste treatment plant in Kökény a container park (MRF), a mechanical biological pre- treatment (hereinafter: MBT) facility, a composting facility, and the area behind the currently operating landfill will be extended. In addition to the extension of Phase II/A of the landfill, the waste treatment units and the infrastructure currently available on the site will be extended, and the headcount of the employees working on the site will also have to be increased because of the extension of the ancillary facilities.

New plant facilities to be installed for the new technology: • Gatehouse container with card operated Access Control System • New car parks for passenger cars and buses • Two-storey social (sanitary) building with black and white dressing rooms and showers • Covered Machinery Shed • 2 new weigh-bridges with traffic control system and balance housing on the eastern side • MBT treatment hall with manipulation area and covered bale store • Pre-Stabiliser Hall (with biofilter) • Stabiliser Area (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) • Composting Facility (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) • Selectively collected green waste landfill for composting (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) • Swales and leakage water ponds (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) pertaining to the stabilizer, composting and green waste storage area • Container park (MRF) and covered bale store, manipulation area • Rainwater reservoir shafts for the Container park and the MBT center • New swales system on the eastern side • Extended, artificially insulated deposition (landfill) area with the related leakage water pond • Leakage Water Purification Equipment • Inner Roads Interconnecting the Facilities, Sidewalks, Public Utilities, Area Monitoring Systems • Closed sewage reservoirs pertaining to the social (sanitary) block

60 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

6.1.2 Detailed Description of the Function Based Facilities and Technologies

6.1.2.1 Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment (MBT) Hall The mixed municipal wastes delivered to the plant are processed at the Mechanical-Biological Waste Treatment Centre. The collected municipal waste is processed by means of mechanical and biological technologies and the output (the end product) is a stabilised agent, a heating material that can be utilised. Two shredders, a screen, jet conveyor, Fe (ferrous metal), NFe (non-ferrous metal) separator, baling and feeder units will be installed and interconnected by conveyors in the MBT hall. The technology outputs (the end products) are fuel – fraction of light calorific value that can be further utilised as raw material –, biologically stabilised waste that can be dumped (landfilled), separated ferrous metals (Fe), and inerts. The MBT Centre has a manipulation area, as well as a covered bale store where the baled materials are stored. The manipulation area is required for manoeuvring of the transport vehicles and manipulation of the material handling machines. A 200 m3 enclosed rainwater reservoir will also be installed next to the MBT Centre which will receive rainwater from the roof structure of the MBT Centre and its bale store. The reservoir will be fitted out with a down pipe so when the weather is wetter, the excess rainwater can be drained into a swale. Next to the MBT hall an office and a social (sanitary) building will also be built. This office will be used by the foreman. A social (sanitary) block is intended to meet the sanitary needs of the employees working in the hall. A warming room will also be placed in the building.

Facilities required at the Mechanical Preparation Plant: − covered reception area and processing hall − covered bale store − Manipulation areas − social (sanitary) building (including 10 m3 enclosed sewage tank) − rainwater storage tank

61 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Capacity of the Mechanical Preparation min: 150,000 t/year Plant: Hall overall dimensions: 48 x 66 m, of which reception area: 48 x 20 m Effective clear height: min: 8 m, max: 10 m Leakage water discharge: is made into the 200 m3 leakage water tank of the pre-stabilizer rainwater storage: 200 m3 rainwater tank (with overflow) -{} Bale store: - covered bale store

- min: 36 x 24 m

6.1.2.2 MBT Center Technology The MBT plant processes the municipal waste delivered to it by means of mechanical and biological processes. During municipal waste processing only mechanical shredding/crushing and separation are made, the stabilisation process is biological, it can be regarded as an aerobic process, that is composting. The installed processing machines are as follows: • 2 shredders • 1 loading machine • 2 feeders • 2 screens • 1 jet conveyor • 1 baling machine • 1 dust extractor and separator • 1 biofilter • 1 Fe és NFe separator • 1 drum screen with Fe and vacuum separator • Conveyors

The waste collector vehicle dumps the municipal waste it has delivered after its weighing and EDP registration onto the covered part of the MBT hall with a floor gully in the bottom part of it. After dumping the vehicle leaves the foreground of the hall. The liquid components of waste are drained via the gully to the leakage water tank.

62 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

An industrial jib loader installed between the shredders (crushers) feeds the dumped municipal waste onto the shredder.

Mechanical Processing The loader feeds the previously dumped municipal waste onto shredder. Naturally, if the waste contains any material, whose shredding and processing is dangerous, it shall be removed from the material stream between discharge and feeding. The removed volume of materials shall be collected and stored in an enclosed container dedicated to hazardous waste as long as the competent and licensed organisation takes it over for disposal. If the waste stream does not include any component which excludes mechanical processing, the shredder cuts the waste forwarded to it into 120-150 mm pieces. After shredding the stream of shredded materials is getting separated by size. It is made by a screen which separates the input material stream at the limit size of 40 mm. Two fractions are generated in this way, the first one is below 40 mm and the other one is over it. After shredding the two fractions have the following distribution; the portion below 40 mm will be approx. 40-45 %, while the one over 40mm will be approx. 55-60 %. At this point the processing technology bifurcates. The two technologies are the following:

Processing of Municipal Waste: 1. Fraction over 40 mm: The volume of material over 40 mm size will be sorted again, in which process the magnetisable (Fe) and non-magnetisable (NFe) components are separated. The estimated amount of them will be about 2-3 % of the input volume of materials. After metals separation the remaining (residual) fraction has high calorific value, so it can be baled or transported in bulk. After transportation it can be further processed as fuel raw material at the Beremend Cement Works. Transportation is mostly made in bulks. When the cement works is off in winter and the raw material reception is suspended, the processed volume of materials is baled and stored temporarily in a covered store dedicated for this special purpose. 2. Fraction below 40 mm: The fraction below 40 mm has high organic material content, so it goes through a stabilisation process. After separation this fraction undergoes a next separating phase, in which the volume of materials is forwarded to a jet conveyor.

63 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

According to the principle of inertia the jet conveyor separates the inert waste, which is transferred into a container and then it is deposited. The ratio of inert waste is about 1-2 %. A conveyor transports the residual volume of materials to the stabiliser hall. We discuss the further processing of the fraction below 40 mm in the section of biological stabilisation.

Processing of Bulk Waste Generated by Municipal Clean-Up: The bulk waste generated by municipal cleanup is processed on shredder 2 of the MBT Centre. The incoming junk is forwarded onto the shredder by the same loader equipped with a special device and intended for municipal waste. After feeding the junks undergo a shredding process, where it is cut into pieces of 120-150 mm size. After shredding the magnetisable and non-magnetisable metals are separated from the shredded material. After metals separation the demetalised volume of materials is forwarded into a charger (feeder) which is connected to a baler. At the end of the process high calorific value fraction is received, which can be separated before the baler from the process in bulk or it can be baled and stored temporarily. When separation is in bulk, the material is promptly transported to Beremend Cement Works. The overall technological process is illustrated in the chart below, including the details of the particular mechanical units, their connection and position with respect to one another. The technological flow chart also illustrates the percentage distribution of the materials separated by the particular machinery and equipment. The following is a flow chart of the Mechanical treatment process.

64 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Connection to leakage water tank Covered foreground for dumping Delivery (dumping)

Feeding 1 Shredder 2 (Multi-shell grab) Shredder 1

Feeding 2 (Feeder) Separation 1 Dust extraction (Trommel/star screen) Depot 1-2 %

Separation 3 (Fe, NFe) Separation 2 Drum screen)

Bulked material

Feeding 3 Separation 4 (Feeder) (Jet conveyor)

Baled material Baling (Baler) Stabilisation 1 (Hall)

Stabiliser hall Processing hall

Transfer (Elevator, conveyor) Leakage water tank 200 m3

Stabiliser space

Leakage water tank 900 m3 Stabilisation 2 (at open site)

Separation 4 (drum screen, Fe and Vacuum valve)

Stabilate

Leakage water tank Waste landfill pertaining to depot 10 500 m3

65 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

6.1.2.3 Residual bio-waste composting

Pre-Stabiliser (Bio-Stabiliser) Hall The waste to be stabilised and prepared mechanically at the MBT hall is forwarded to the pre- stabiliser hall for biological processing. The MBT hall and the pre-stabiliser hall will be constructed with split level due to the terrain conditions. A conveyor belt transports the waste to be treated from the MBT hall to the stabiliser hall. The waste incoming to the pre-stabiliser hall is not yet stabilised, so to prevent intensive odours an extractor is operated within the hall, which disposes the extracted air into a bio-filter.

Facilities required at the Bio-stabiliser: − Bio-stabiliser hall, with leakage water tank and bio-filter − Covered belt conveyor bridge Capacity of the Bio-stabiliser: min: 75,000 t/year Hall overall dimensions: - 120 x 24 m , with closed ceiling - a longitudinal wall fits the rear wall of the mechanical treatment unit - floor level from that of the mechanical treatment unit is max. -3 m Effective clear height: min: 7 m max: 8 m Manipulation area: 400 m2 Leakage water tank: 200 m3 Air extraction: Extracted air goes through a bio-filter

Stabiliser Area (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) The stabiliser area will be set up on top of the recultivated area in Phase I. The stabiliser area is a paved ground with a lateral slope of 1%. Rainwater falling onto this area is drained from the ground level into a dedicated leakage water tank via swales dug around the covered area. A 900 m3 leakage water tank belongs to this area.

Facilities required by the post-stabiliser unit: − post-stabiliser area with leakage water tank − covered swale system for leakage water collection − social (sanitary) container

66 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Post-stabiliser area - overall dimensions: min: 70 x 120 m max: 70 x 140 m Design: Flexibility of concrete boards (slabs) is provided by expansion joints Leakage water tank pertaining to the - 900 m3 - installed with return flow watering Stabiliser area: system - connected to the leakage water collecting main with the installation of lifting pumps - the swale around the stabiliser area collecting the leakage water is connected in here A common social (sanitary) container will be built for the stabiliser and the composting facility.

6.1.2.4 Composting Facility (on top of the recultivated area in Phase I) Since selective green wastes are collected in the region, these will be separately transported to and treated in the facility. A composting facility will be built for this purpose (on top of the area recultivated in Phase I). The composting plant will be built much in the same fashion as the stabiliser area, with swales, 1 % lateral slope and an leakage water tank, and it will be paved. Facilities required by the composting plant: − Green waste composting area with leakage water tank − social (sanitary) container − covered swale system for leakage water collection Investment unit maximum capacity: 9750 t/year Composting area - overall dimensions: min: 50 x 80 m max: 60 x 80 m Design: Flexibility of concrete boards (slabs) is provided by expansion joints Leakage water tank pertaining to the -450 m3 - installed with return flow watering composting area: system - the swale around the stabiliser area collecting the leakage water is connected in here A common social (sanitary) container will be built for the stabiliser and the composting facility.

67 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

6.1.2.5 Material recycling facility An essential condition for the reuse of wastes as industrial raw materials is to produce secondary raw materials up to the requirements of the users (in terms of their purity, type identity, bale size, bale weight, etc.), which cannot be solved without having a material recycling facility for this purpose. The material recycling facility receives waste from selective residential, public and institutional collection. Sorting is made by manual and mechanical means. The sorted and baled wastes are delivered to reprocessing and recycling plants. The wastes originating in the selective containers in the collection district are transported after collection to the material recycling facility. Two picking sheds will be built in the sorter plant along with the conveyor belts, and out of the two cabins a drum screen is intended to separate the unsuitable materials not to be used in sorting. The picking sheds will be placed in the middle of the hall with conveyor belts in two rows, for each of them to transport waste and one belt is directly connected to the baler. Mixed materials, collected selectively, containing several components within the same kind of material can be put on the two conveyor belts. The receiver part of the belts is recessed in the floor, so waste can be fed onto the conveyor by a conveyor-type unloading-shovel machine. A drum screen will be mounted only at the belt which processes selective waste from containers in public areas. Using the drum screen, the smaller wastes below (dia) 6 cm can be separated before sorting. The components separated by the drum screen will be landfilled.

During the manual sorting made on the sorting conveyor: • the type of waste required by the waste recovery/recycling facility is thrown into a chute which forwards it to the box under the cabin or to a collector container. The same kind of waste collected and separated by types in the boxes under the picking shed is pushed mechanically onto the transport conveyor belts of the baler. The baled „secondary raw materials” are gathered and stored until they leave the plant in the covered bale store of the material recycling facility. • In the end of the belts a magnetic separator is used to separate the residual ferrous waste that can be magnetised. • in that case if unusable waste remains on the belt then it is forwarded on a cross- conveyor belt to an external container which is delivered to the mechanical preparatory and classification unit of the mixed municipal wastes.

68 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

• the secondary raw material requiring a next sorting can be directed to a separate sorter location. • when pure wastes of several kinds pertaining to the same waste category are sorted, the homogenous and recyclable materials are also out in a box or they can be forwarded directly onto the baler. The completely identical secondary raw materials, which require no sorting, can be directly fed, by skipping the sorter belt, onto the carrier belts of the baler. After sorting the homogenised volume of materials are baled. Following the baling process the ready-made bales are kept temporarily in a bale store. The volume of materials that cannot be baled are stored in a container until delivery from the plant.

The wastes from selective industrial collection are forwarded directly to a baler if they do not require sorting, and then the bales are also stored or delivered from the plant. An enclosed 200 m3 rainwater reservoir is adjoining the bale store and the sorter hall. In this case also water is drained from the roof structure of the facility into a covered tank from where, when the weather is wetter, the excessive rainwater can be drained via a down pipe into a drainage ditch.

An interior office, lavatory and canteen will be built in the sorter hall for the employees working there.

Facilities required at the Material recycling facility: − Sorting hall, − Bale store − Manipulation areas − social (sanitary) building (including 10 m3 closed sewage tank) − rainwater storage tank

69 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Investment unit minimum capacity: 30,000 t/year (in two shifts) Manipulation area: -3000-3500 m2 - rainwater and leakage water separation is solved Picking sheds: - 2 - every hour minimum 7x air change - heated, air conditioned Bale store: - connected to the sorting hall - open from front and from its inner side

6.1.2.6 Waste Landfill As regards the „new” technology, the working drawings of Phase II/B to be implemented, Phase II/A currently in process and Phase I closed are mostly identical with those included in the „historical” plan. Amendments of the legislation, however, made it unavoidable to change also the bottom insulation design of the floor slab of the depot. The recultivation plan contains detailed information on the recultivation of Phase II/A and Phase I already closed.

Facilities pertaining to Phase II/B of the Waste Landfill: − Waste landfill basin − Leakage water tank and water installations − Leakage water collector and drain system − Access road − Swales − Bio-gas wells − social (sanitary) container − Compactor store − Public utility system − Fence

Investment unit capacity: 850,000 m3

70 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Waste landfill basin: The landfill basin has an identical geometry with those of the former designs and it has ‘cassette’ type spacing, however, its bedding insulation will be built with layers (stratification) pursuant to Decree No. 20/2006.(IV. 5.) KvVM amended by Decree No. 92/2007 (XI. 28.) KvVM (stratification with attention to the local characteristics of the site): − Compacted earthwork − 0.5 m mineral insulation, K< 10-9m/s − geophysical sensor system − 2.5 mm thick HDPE foil insulation − min: 1000g/m2 geotextile − leakage water collector system − 50 cm thick washed river gravel or pebble (grade 16/32, or 24/32) − min 250 g/ m2 geotextile

Leakage water collection: The system to drain and store leakage water generated in the waste material is to be built up as follows: • On the eastern and western side of the landfill basin leakage water mains will be installed in north-to-south direction, to which a cross directional drain network will also be connected. From the viewpoint of leakage water collection the landfill basin shall be divided into four separate portions. The water in the cassettes shall be connected one-by-one onto the draining shafts. Two shafts are needed, one for the eastern and another one for the western cassettes. The draining shafts shall be built in such way that their reconnections can be made from ground level.

• Polluted water is forwarded into the leakage water tank, whose volume is 10,500 m3 without recirculation. Its insulation is identical layers with those of the landfill.

• A lifting shaft will be built next to the leakage water tank in which two pumps of the same power and size will be installed (they operate in standby mode to reserves for one another).

71 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

• The leakage water recirculation pipe network will be installed by connection — from the lifting shaft up to the pipe system of Phase II/A. On the eastern side of Phase II/B minimum three hydrants shall be mounted for rewatering.

Gas Collection and Treatment System • Gas wells are installed in the centre of tangent circles of 20 meter radius.

• 2*2 meter 20 cm thick reinforced concrete slabs shall be placed under the insulation layer of the tank (basin), under the gas wells, as load bearing engineering structures. The same concrete slabs shall be placed at the same location over the foil insulation.

• At the same time with waste filling, the gas wells must be lifted. The gas collector system is presumably built after a 10 meter thickness of waste, which is connected to the gas collector system built in Phase I.

• The gas collector pipes of Phase II/B are connected to the gas collector main studs on the western side of the depot and on its southern side a condense (drip) water drain shaft will be built.

• The gas collector mains is connected to the main stud installed on the western side of the depot where the facilities built in the two phases meet.

6.1.2.7 Technology of Landfilling From the mixed solid municipal waste delivered to the Kökény Waste Treatment Centre mostly inorganic materials are separated in the preparatory unit, which are put into containers. At the entrance of the plant a weigh bridge measures the containers and the volume of waste is registered there. After measuring the contents of the container is dumped onto the location assigned for it. The dumped waste is laid in 1 m thick layer and then it is compacted by machine to have a thickness of 0.5 m. During cultivation 15 cm covering is made in the open cassette every day. After reaching a 2.5 m cassette level 20 cm of ground cover is used. Vehicles can dump waste only on the surface of the waste body, the insulated side slopes must not be touched. During waste filling (landfilling), the depot surface is made with a slope of 3- 5% to provide rainwater drainage to the direction of the side slopes. Before a new level is

72 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary made, passenger car tyre is laid and near 50 cm ground cover is made to ensure foil protection. The reception and treatment of landfill gases is solved in the area of the landfill. Surface water drainage is provided by swales of 2% longitudinal slope, in parallel with the edge line of the insulated landfill. Leakage water is watered on the waste body for the purpose of evaporation. If the continuous energy recovery of the “light fraction” containing mostly paper, plastics, textile and wood waste will not be solved in 2010 when the Waste Treatment Centre will be commissioned, then only the wastes containing organic materials and metal wastes will be removed from the mixed municipal waste incoming to the plant, the light and heavy fractions will not be separated, these will be landfilled together in their mixed condition. The volume of biogas generated in Phase II/B will be extracted along with the landfill gas in depot II/A and it will generate electricity by gas motors; if its methane content is inadequate, torching is possible.

6.2 Ancillary Facilities

6.2.1 Gatehouse, Access Control System The gatehouse (container) built in the northern end of the plant is intended to control people’s access to the site, it is equipped with a card operated access control system for the employees at the plant. The only way to enter and leave the plant is through the gatehouse building.

6.2.2 Parking Lots In the northern part of the plant — relatively far from the waste treatment facilities — car parks will be built for the employees working at the plant. Additional parking facilities are available for the private visitors and the experts of the competent authorities. In addition to the passenger car parks a bus parking bay will also be built for groups visiting the site.

6.2.3 Social (Sanitary) Building The social (sanitary) building is also placed in the northern part of the plant near the gatehouse building. The social (sanitary) building has black and white dressing rooms, a shower room and lavatory that are going to be placed on its ground floor. On the upper floor of the building a reception hall will be arranged for groups of visitors. A laboratory will also

73 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary be built in the building, where the basic tests specified in the amended Decree No. 20/2006. (IV. 5.) KvVM and in the Annex to Decree No. 92/2007 (XI. 28.) KvVM can be made.

6.2.4 Covered Machinery Shed A covered machinery shed will be built to store material handling and loading machinery within the plant. In a smaller and separated part of the machinery shed, minor maintenance of the on-site vehicles can be carried out.

6.2.5 Biogas Treatment Facility Biogas from the degradation of the landfilled waste is utilised at the plant on the area still in operation and on the recultivated part of the plant; subject to the depot gas components it is done by torching or by using gas motors. In case of low methane content, biogas is burnt, torched on the plant site. When the landfill gas has methane content that can be recycled, the gas gained from the landfill is utilised by gas motors generating electricity by means of a generator. The electricity gained from the landfill gas is recirculated to the electricity network. The biogas treatment facility will be procured and installed in another programme different from the Mecsek-Dráva Waste Management Programme.

6.2.6 Weigh-bridge, Balance Housing On the north-eastern side of the plant two new weigh-bridges will be built with balance housing and traffic control system. One of the weigh-bridges is intended to measure volume of materials to be delivered to the new waste treatment units, while the other one is to measure and register the utilisable fuel to be delivered from the plant site and the secondary raw materials from the material recycling facility. The weighs will be interconnected with an EDP system, so the registration will take place on computers. Barrier and traffic lights are installed with the balance housing and the weigh-bridges. The weigh-bridge on the western side of the plant will continue to operate, and the green wastes delivered into the site as well as the volume of compost delivered off site will be measured here.

6.2.7 New Swale System A new swale system will be constructed in continuation of the plant expansion on the eastern side of the facility, and the new landfill area will also be fitted out with swales. The overall

74 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary length of the planned new swale system will be 1,920 linear metres. The existing swale system will be interconnected with the new ones. The receptor of the swale will continue to be the Szilvási-árok (Szilvási-ditch) in the future as well. A spreader will be constructed to the swale before the receiving ditch in order to reduce the speed of rainwater flow drained from the northern part of the plant.

6.2.8 Leakage water Purification Equipment An leakage water purification equipment will also be installed at the plant. It is intended to reduce the undesired components in the leakage water to be drained to Pécs Water Works, as well as the costs of take-over.

6.2.9 Inner Roads Interconnecting the Facilities, Sidewalks, Public Utilities, Area Monitoring Systems The new plant facilities to be constructed on the site will be fitted out with roads, sidewalks and appropriate public utilities. Interior traffic at the plant will be provided by 2000 m of new roads. Separate manipulation area belongs to each facility, so the material handling operations pertaining to the particular technologies will have sufficient free space. An area monitoring network is in operation on the site at the present time as well; it mostly monitors the landfill area. This system will also be extended, and it will solve the area monitoring of the new facilities as well.

6.2.10 Car Wash The investor plans to modernise and renovate the existing car wash facility.

6.2.11 Fuel Filling Station A 10 m3 fuel tank will be installed to provide fuel on a continuous basis for the working machinery on the site; the tank will be built on an oil-proof concrete base-slab equipped with an oil trap (shaft). When designing and constructing the new technical units of the analysed landfill, the effective Hungarian and European Union legislations have been considered and the environmental review and IPPC studies have been made regarding the area, and these have been approved by the locally competent environmental authority, the strict stratifications in them have been

75 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary followed including the installation of drains (soakage pits) and swales to protect subsurface waters. The waste management system applied in the Mecsek-Dráva Regional Waste Management System and at the Kökény Waste Treatment Centre meets by far the characteristics of the best available technology, in fact it represents a state-of-the-art technology that is available at the present time. No extraordinary events took place at the Pécs-Kökény landfill. The plant has its operational instructions, accident prevention and fire safety instructions, as well as it is fitted out with equipment to prevent and avert any potential environmental damages. The physical and intellectual workers employed at the plant have been fully trained on labour safety and fire protection as it was already mentioned, so the operator makes every effort by enforcing technology discipline to prevent any accident. New employees can start work only if they have already participated in the above mentioned trainings and if they fully understood and accepted what they have heard there. For the extraordinary measures necessary in the event of damage, see the section titled “Extraordinary Events”.

6.3 Waste Management Centre in Barcs The Barcs Waste Management Centre will be constructed in the area assigned by the Local Municipality of Barcs, as a green field project, next to the landfill formerly closed down. The topographical lot number of the area is 0479/2. Its Uniform National Grid (EOV) System co- ordinates are Y: 530 177; X: 70488. The above mentioned investments projects will be implemented at the new plant site. As regards the technical units, for each of them geotechnical and construction works will be made, which include the foundation of the given facility, preparing the grounds and then erecting the building. At the waste treatment facility to be built on the Barcs site a material recycling facility, a container park, and a transfer station, as well as the ancillary facilities of the project will be constructed. In addition to the waste treatment units the plant infrastructure will also be upgraded (extended), and new manpower shall be hired to work with the plant.

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Plant facilities to be installed for the new technology • Material recycling facility with covered bale store and manipulation area • Transfer Station • Container park • Social (sanitary) building with black and white dressing rooms, showers, IR barrier and access control system • Car parks for passenger cars and buses • Machinery shed and workshop • One rainwater reservoir • One weigh-bridge on the southern part of the social (sanitary) building • Inner Roads Interconnecting the Facilities, Sidewalks, Public Utilities, Area Monitoring Systems, outdoor lighting. • Closed sewage reservoirs pertaining to the social (sanitary) blocks • Closed leakage water reservoir, with operator equipment • Rainwater draining ditches along the roads • Fuel well, oil trap

6.3.1 Material recycling facility An essential condition for the reuse of wastes as industrial raw materials is to produce secondary raw materials up to the requirements of the users (in terms of their purity, type identity, bale size, bale weight, etc.), which cannot be solved without having a material recycling facility for this purpose. The material recycling facility receives waste from selective residential, public and institutional collection. Sorting is made by manual and mechanical means. The sorted and baled wastes are delivered to reprocessing and recycling plants. The wastes originating in the selective containers in the collection district are transported after collection to the material recycling facility. The technology of the material recycling facility is identical with that in the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre.

Facilities required at the Material recycling facility: − Sorting Hall (2160 m2) − Bale store (1000 m2)

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− Manipulation areas (2000 m2) − social (sanitary) building (including 10 m3 closed sewage tank) − rainwater storage tank

Investment unit minimum capacity: 10.000. t/year (in two shifts) Manipulation area: -2160 m2 - rainwater and leakage water separation is solved Picking sheds: - 2 - every hour minimum 7x air change - heated, air conditioned Bale store: - connected to the sorting hall - open from front and from its inner side

6.3.2 Container park The selective wastes, electrical appliances, large sized junks, ...etc. delivered by the households are received at the container park. The superstructure of the container park is open faced, with sloped roof and watertight cover. The collected waste is gathered in containers of various superstructures and in bales. The containers are changed by roller container vehicles with trailers and vehicles with chain and container structures. The container park is accessible via the inner roads on the site, a vehicle parking bay will be built next to it.

In the container parks the following waste fractions would be collected: • Large sized wastes (e.g., furniture, junk) • Electric appliances • Selectively collected household wastes: paper, plastic, glass, metal, green wastes • Construction debris • Wastes generated in households and difficult to handle and/or hazardous wastes (paint containers, dry cell batteries, rubber tyres, etc.)

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Facilities required by the container park: − Hall and manipulation area suitable to receive and store waste − social (sanitary) building (including 10 m3 closed sewage tank) − Rainwater storage tank − Parking lot − Inner (on-site) road network − 32 m3 containers, 12 m3 container and hazardous waste collecting container.

6.3.3 Transfer Stations Wastes are delivered to the transfer station by vehicles with compaction superstructure, and container trucks. Weighing is done on the weigh-bridges at the entrance of the plant. The results of weighing is captured in the EDP system. The incoming vehicles enter the dumping area via the drive-in ramp, where they manoeuvre onto the appropriate dumping location. The wastes are reloaded into the WF trailers on the covered, enclosed dump site by gravitational reloading. The wastes are moved inside the trailer by means of a special movable bottom plate. The flooring can be moved by an installed hydraulic equipment which can serve two trailers simultaneously. The wastes reloaded into the WF trailers are transported into the mechanical pre-treatment plant at the Kökény Centre.

Facilities required by the transfer station: • Drive-in ramp • 600 m2 dumping area • 75m2 covered, closed dumping area-{}- • Two WF trailers • One semi-trailer tractor • One hydraulic material handling equipment • 5,000 m2 road and manipulation (manoeuvring) area

The volume of waste to be delivered to the Barcs transfer station varies between 9,097 tons/year (2011) and 8,381 tons/year (2038). The planned capacity of the transfer station is 10,000 tons/year.

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6.3.4 The Description of the ancillary facilities at the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre

Social (sanitary) and office building The employees can only spend their break time at work in the social (sanitary) blocks pertaining to the facilities and we placed the lavatories in these blocks. The black and white dressing rooms and the showers are placed in the sanitary building.

The social (sanitary) building is located at the entrance of the plant. In this building the gatehouse and the balance operator room, as well as the offices will be placed. The central block, provides room in a floor area of 400 m2 in one shift for 12 women and 25 men. At the vehicle entrance of the plant an 18 m long weigh-bridge with 60 ton load capacity, equiped with electronic measuring cells will be mounted. The weigh will be interconnected with an EDP system, to which a vehicle ID system will also be installed. All the input and output deliveries to and from the plant are captured in the balance programme.

A barrier and traffic control lights, as well as a communication equipment belong to the weigh-bridges to maintain contacts with the vehicles on the weigh-bridges.

Gatehouse (Container) At the container park a gatehouse and a social (sanitary) container will be placed for the operator staff.

Machinery shed and workshop A covered machinery shed will be built to store material handling and loading machinery - five machines in particular - within the plant. One of the bays of the machinery shed must have a mounting pit for oil change, daily maintenance and for minor repairs of the bottom of the machinery.

Fuel Filling Station A 5 m3 fuel tank will be installed to provide fuel for the working machinery on the site; the tank will be built on an oil-proof concrete base-slab equipped with an oil trap (shaft). The filling station is suitable for card operated filling of vehicles.

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Access Control System, Security Engineering and Communication System Various traffic engineering devices (barriers, traffic control lights) and an access control system are required to control traffic on the plant site, to do the weighing, to identify the own transport vehicles and to automatically capture their data. The access control system shall be capable of personal identification, with its data integration for shift attendance time sheets. The vehicle access control and identification system shall do the identification by plate number ID, and the balance programme must be able to handle the data from it. In the overall area of the plant a video monitoring system will be installed, with a memory which can store the events of 4 times 24 hours. The cameras shall be equipped with motion sensors. In addition to providing security, the area monitoring system enables the plant manager and the yard supervisors to review, from a single location, the work processes in the plant and in the particular facilities. The IR barriers provide protection for the parking bays of valuable machines and for the buildings. Outdoor lighting is essential for working in the afternoon (mainly in winter), and for guarding the plant at night. A communication system (telephone, computer network) shall be built in the overall area of the plant, to which the following facilities shall be connected: office building, sorter plant foreman’s office, container park operator and social (sanitary) container, balance housing.

Roads The existing public road (top. lot. No.: 0480/1) is properly built with its 4.0-4.50 m covered (carriageway) width and its topographic location is correct, the affected section of the public road is well visible. Two passing places shall be placed on the planned section, in a length of 18.00 m and they shall be connected to the current pavement edges. The cover (carriageway) width of the slip roads passing places shall be 6.00 m over a length of 18.00 m. Owing to the transport data given and the estimated increase in traffic the existing road surface (pavement) shall be strengthened over its whole length in 4 cm thickness by wearing course AB-11. Owing to the pavement strengthening the ground verges shall be made of 10 cm thick quality material. Interior traffic at the plant will be provided by 500 m of new roads. Separate manipulation area belongs to each facility, so the material handling operations pertaining to the particular technologies will have sufficient free space.

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Paving The paving of the manipulation areas of the transfer station and the material recycling facility has been designed for 50 ton total rolling mass. The other covers (of the sanitary and the office building, machinery shed, container park) shall be designed to have a load bearing capacity of 30 tons.

Parking lot Next to the central social (sanitary) and office building(s) a car park for 20 passenger cars will be built for the staff working at the plant. Additional parking facilities are available for the private visitors and the experts of the competent authorities.

Protective Forest, Park Landscaping The plant shall be circled by a 15 m wide forest zone pursuant to the specifications given in the Detailed Development Plan (RRT). The uncovered surfaces in the area of the plant, especially the green island placed in the pavings of the social (sanitary) and office building, the container park and of the transfer station and the surfaces with no cover beside the traffic roads shall be covered with grass, bushes, trees and their landscaping shall be provided.

6.4 Waste Treatment Centre in Barcs The planned activity is located in Somogy county in the outskirts of the town of Marcali, in western-to-south-western direction from it, in a distance of about 2,700 m, and in a distance of 1,800 m from Horvátkút, along public road No. 6805 leading to Marcali - Nemesvid, to the south from it. The plant is located on plot of topographical lot No. 097/1 next to the non- hazardous waste landfill of Marcali. The property with top. lot. No. 097/2 is owned by a company, Rumpold-Marcali Kereskedelmi és Szolgáltató Kft., it is registered as a dump site, 2 agricultural area, lawn cultivation area of 284776 m . Its Uniform National Grid (EOV) System co-ordinates are Y: 520,700; X: 137,100. The facility is accessible from a road of solid pavement exiting from the public road to Marcali-Nemesvíd. At the waste treatment plant a mechanical biological pre-treatment (hereinafter: MBT) facility will be built along with the ancillary facilities pertaining to the investment. In addition to the

82 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary waste treatment units the plant infrastructure will also be built, and new manpower shall be hired to work with the plant.

Plant facilities to be installed for the new technology: • MBT hall manipulation area and covered bale store • Pre-Stabiliser Hall (with biofilter) • Stabiliser area and the relevant swale system and leakage water collector basins • Social (sanitary) building with black and white dressing rooms, showers, gatehouse and scale operator room, and access control system • One weigh-bridge near the social (sanitary) building • Car parks for passenger cars and trucks • Fuel Filling Station • Closed leakage water reservoir, with operator equipment • Inner Roads Interconnecting the Facilities, Sidewalks, Public Utilities, Area Monitoring Systems • Closed sewage reservoirs pertaining to the social (sanitary) blocks • Covered swale

Headcount of people working in one shift at the plant • Plant manager 1 man • Mechanical operators 6 people • Biological operators 4 people • Helper staff 3 people

6.4.1 Detailed Description of the Function Based Facilities and Technologies 6.4.1.1 Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment (MBT) Hall The mixed municipal wastes delivered to the plant are processed at the Mechanical-Biological Waste Treatment Centre. The collected municipal waste is processed by means of mechanical and biological technologies and the output (the end product) is a stabilised agent, a heating material that can be utilised. Two shredders, a screen, jet conveyor, Fe (ferrous metal), NFe (non-ferrous metal) separator, baling and feeder units will be installed and interconnected by

83 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary conveyors in the MBT hall. The technology outputs (the end products) are fuel – fraction of light calorific value that can be further utilised as raw material –, biologically stabilised waste that can be dumped (landfilled), separated ferrous metals (Fe), and inerts. The MBT Centre has a manipulation area, as well as a covered bale store where the baled materials are stored. The manipulation area is required for manoeuvring of the transport vehicles and manipulation of the material handling machines. A 200 m3 enclosed rainwater reservoir will also be installed next to the MBT Centre which will receive rainwater from the roof structure of the MBT Centre and its bale store. The reservoir will be fitted out with a down pipe so when the weather is wetter, the excess rainwater can be drained into a swale.

Facilities required at the Mechanical Preparation Plant: − covered reception area and processing hall − covered bale store − Manipulation areas

Investment unit Technical data capacity: Capacity (ton/year) 30 000 Hall (m2) 1.500 Number of shredding 1 machines Number of baling 1 machines Bale store (m2) 288 Manipulation area (m2) 1.500

MBT Center Technology The MBT plant processes the municipal waste delivered to it by means of mechanical and biological processes. The technology of the centre is identical with the mechanical-biological process applied in the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre.

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6.4.1.2 Residual bio-waste composting Pre-Stabiliser (Bio-Stabiliser) Hall The waste to be stabilised and prepared mechanically at the MBT hall is forwarded to the pre- stabiliser hall for biological processing. The MBT hall and the pre-stabiliser hall will be constructed with split level due to the terrain conditions. A conveyor belt transports the waste to be treated from the MBT hall to the stabiliser hall. The waste incoming to the pre-stabiliser hall is not yet stabilised, so to prevent intensive odours an extractor is operated within the hall, which disposes the extracted air into a bio-filter.

Facilities required at the Bio-stabiliser: − Bio-stabiliser hall, with leakage water tank and bio-filter − Covered belt conveyor bridge

Capacity of the Bio-stabiliser: min: 15,000 t/year Hall overall dimensions: -70 x 18 m , with closed ceiling - a longitudinal wall fits the rear wall of the mechanical treatment unit Effective clear height: min: 7 m; max: 8 m Leakage water tank: 400 m3 Air extraction: Extracted air goes through a bio-filter

6.4.1.3 Stabilising Area The stabiliser area is a paved ground level area of 70 x 42 m size. Rainwater falling onto this area is drained from the ground level into a dedicated leakage water tank via swales dug around the covered area. A 400 m3 leakage water tank belongs to this area. A surface covered leakage water collector swale system shall be built around the stabilisation area and it shall be connected to the leakage water tanks.

Facilities required by the post-stabiliser unit: − post-stabiliser area with leakage water tank − covered swale system for leakage water collection − social (sanitary) container

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Post-stabiliser area - overall dimensions: min: 70 x 42 m Design: Flexibility of concrete boards (slabs) is provided by expansion joints Leakage water tank pertaining to the -400 m3 - installed with return flow watering Stabiliser area: system - connected to the leakage water collecting main with the installation of lifting pumps - the swale around the stabiliser area collecting the leakage water is connected in here A common social (sanitary) container will be built for the stabiliser and the composting facility.

Residual bio-waste composting technology:

The technology of bio-stabilisation is fully identical with the contents of section 6.2.5.

6.4.2 Description of the ancillary facilities at the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre Social (sanitary) and office building The social (sanitary) building is located at the entrance of the plant. In this building the gatehouse and the balance operator room, as well as the offices will be placed. The central block can be formed by building six standard offices and a social (sanitary) container, it provides room in one shift for 3 women and 12 men. At the vehicle entrance of the plant an 18 m long weigh-bridge with 60 ton load capacity, equipped with electronic measuring cells will be mounted. The weigh will be interconnected with an EDP system, to which a vehicle ID system will also be installed. All the input and output deliveries to and from the plant are captured in the balance programme. A barrier and traffic control lights, as well as a communication equipment belong to the weigh-bridges to maintain contacts with the vehicles on the weigh-bridges.

Fuel Filling Station A 5 m3 fuel tank will be installed to provide fuel for the working machinery on the site; the tank will be built on an oil-proof concrete base-slab equipped with an oil trap (shaft). The filling station is suitable for card operated filling of vehicles.

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Access Control System, Security and Communication System Various traffic engineering devices (barriers, traffic control lights) and an access control system are required to control traffic on the plant site, to do the weighing, to identify the own transport vehicles and to automatically capture their data. The access control system shall be capable of personal identification, with its data integration for shift attendance time sheets. The vehicle access control and identification system shall do the identification by plate number ID, and the balance programme must be able to handle the data from it. In the overall area of the plant a video monitoring system will be installed, with a memory which can store the events of 4 times 24 hours. The cameras shall be equipped with motion sensors. In addition to providing security, the area monitoring system enables the plant manager and the yard supervisors to review, from a single location, the work processes in the plant and in the particular facilities. The IR barriers provide protection for the parking bays of valuable machines and for the buildings. Outdoor lighting is essential for working in the afternoon (mainly in winter), and for guarding the plant at night. A communication system (telephone, computer network) shall be built in the overall area of the plant, to which the following facilities shall be connected: office building, sorter plant foreman’s office, container park operator and social (sanitary) container, balance housing.

Roads An approx. 250 m long new connection road shall be provided to the plant, from the entrance of the landfill site. Interior traffic at the plant will be provided by 550 m of new roads. Separate manipulation area belongs to each facility, so the material handling operations pertaining to the particular technologies will have sufficient free space.

Paving The paving of the manipulation area of the mechanical pre-treatment facility has been designed for 50 ton total rolling mass. The other covers (of the sanitary and the office building, biological treatment facility) shall be designed to have a load bearing capacity of 30 tons.

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Parking lot Next to the central social (sanitary) and office building(s) a car park for 10 passenger cars will be built for the staff working at the plant.

Protective Forest, Park Landscaping The uncovered surfaces in the area of the plant, especially the green island placed in the pavings of the social (sanitary) and office building, the container park and of the transfer station and the surfaces with no cover beside the traffic roads shall be covered with grass, bushes, trees and their landscaping shall be provided.

6.5 Container parks The last method of waste collection among collection types is collection in a container park. In the container parks the following waste fractions would be collected: ¾ Large sized wastes (e.g., furniture, junk) ¾ Electric appliances ¾ Selectively collected household wastes: paper, plastic, glass, metal, green wastes ¾ Construction debris ¾ Wastes generated in households and difficult to handle and/or hazardous wastes (paint containers, dry cell batteries, rubber tyres, etc.)

A total of 22 container parks would be constructed in the program in three distinct types of different level of development. The containers in the container parks are changed by roller container vehicles with trailers and vehicles with chain and container structures.

The list of the 22 settlements is the following: Bóly, Bükkösd, Csurgó, Dombóvár, Harkány, Homokszentgyörgy, Kétújfalu, Lábod, Mágocs, Marcali, Nagyatád, Nagyharsány, Oroszló, Pécs (2 container parks), Sellye, Siklós, Szentlászló, Szentlőrinc, Szigetvár, Vése, Barcs.

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Container park installation sites Surface and subsurface Top.Lot water protection Seq. No. Name of Facility No. classification 1. Barcs Container park 0479/2 sensitive 2. Bólyi Container park 199,200,201 sensitive 3. Bükkösdi Container park 0276/1 Highly sensitive 4. Csurgói Container park 0400 sensitive 5. Kaposszekcső 564 sensitive 6. Harkányi Container park 0229/19 Highly sensitive Homokszengyörgyi 7. Container park 171/1 sensitive 8. Kétújfalui Container park 062/3 sensitive 9. Lábodi Container park 401/7 sensitive 10. Marcali Container park 2628/23 sensitive

11. Mágocsi Container park 080/1 sensitive 12. Nagyatádi Container park 2532 sensitive 13. Nagyharsány 0483/2 Highly sensitive 14. Oroszlói Container park 021 sensitive 15. Pécs Container park 1. 5267/6 sensitive 16. Pécs Container park 2. 23760/54 sensitive 17. Sellyei Container park 062/1 sensitive 462, 463, 18. Siklósi Container park 464, 465 sensitive Szentlászlói Container 19. park 030, 029/4 sensitive Szentlőrinci Container 20. park 0207/12 sensitive

21. Szigetvári Container park 2099/1 sensitive 22. Vései Container park 22 sensitive

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List of Planned Facilities at the Container parks Small Town settlement City Container Container Container Planned Facilities Q. Unit park park park Social (sanitary) and gatehouse container m2 14,79 14,79 14,79 Hazardous waste collector container for household waste m2 14,79 14,79 14,79 Road connection m2 144 114 105 Fence m 250 219 214 Gate pcs 1 1 1 Dumping area and road of solid pavement m2 1094 998 574 Area cover m2 297,58 291,58 285 Container store area m2 442 421 Parkoló m2 37,5 37,5 25 Water meter shaft db 1 1 1 Area covered by grass m2 2466 1200 800 Planned rainwater drain/desiccating ditch m 175 220 109 Wastewater collection shaft m3 7,5 7,5 7,5 Garden tap db 1 1 1 Áteresz m nincs 11 24 Rainwater desiccating tank m2 nincs nincs 24

Container Park types are as follows:

Location Type Location Type Pécs 1. és 2. A Bükkösd B Kaposszekcső B Csurgó B Barcs A Harkány B Bóly A Homokszentgyörgy B Marcali A Lábod B Nagyatád A Mágocs B Oroszló A Sellye B Siklós A Szentlászló B Szentlőrinc A Vése B Szigetvár A Kétújfalu B

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6.6 Transfer Stations The transfer stations planned to be installed at the plants in the framework of this waste management system do not fall within the range of activities subjected to integrated environmental permit. The environmental impacts and process mechanisms of the planned transfer stations, as waste management facilities, are mostly identical at large, therefore we present them on a uniform basis, in section 7. The volume of impacts incurred is much lower and the estimated extent of environmental threat is also lower than it is in the case of complex waste treatment centres. Transfer stations will be installed in the area of the Mecsek-Dráva Regional Waste Management Programme at the following localities:

No. Location of Facility Top.Lot No.

1. Kaposszekcső 564

2. Szentlőrinc 0207/12

3. Barcs 0479/2 4. Pécs 5267/6

The planned facilities of the transfer stations are given below:

Kaposszekcső Barcs Szentlőrinc Pécs measure Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Semi-trailer truck db 2 1 1 0 WF trailer db 2 2 2 0 Roller Container Vehicle db 1 Interconnecting road fm 100 0 150 400 Road and area pavement m2 4 500 5 000 4 500 4 500 Shifter structure m2 600 600 600 600 Covered unloading area m2 300 200 300 200 Fence m 388 388 388 388 Gate db 1 1 1 1 Weigh bridge db 1 0 1 1 Social container db 2 2 2 2 Infrastructure db 1 1 1 2 Terrain correction m2 6 000 6 000 6 000 6 000 Landscaping m2 2 000 0 2 000 2 000 Installed engineering db 0 0 0 1 Hydraulic moving gear db 1 1 1 0 Containers db 0 0 0 3

The transfer station planned to be built in Pécs will have a conventional technology. The incoming waste is dumped into the hopper of an installed pressing machine (compactor), from

91 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary where a compacting mechanism presses it into the changeable tank. The tanks are moved by a rail mechanism, two containers shall be placed on the rail mechanism.

Road and manipulation area (m2) 5 000 Unloading area (m2) 600 Covered unloading area (m2) 75 Ramp height (m) 5 Installed pressing machine (pc) 1 Rail mechanism for movement of 1 2 containers Roller container transport vehicle 1 (pc)

We have already presented the Barcs transfer station in the Waste Treatment Centre section. Now we only describe the transfer stations in Kaposszekcső, Szentlőrinc and Pécs.

6.6.1 The Kaposszekcső Transfer Station The Kaposszekcső transfer station is located in the area of the Dombóvár-Kaposszekcső Industrial Park on property with top.lot. No. 564 and it can be accessed on public road No. 611, on the Dombóvár Kaposszekcső route, to the south from Dombóvár. It has an area of 1,8001 hectares. Classification: industrial property abandoned from cultivation (an area reserved for environmental loads). The intended transfer station is planned to be implemented as a green field project in an industrial area. In a first step of turning it into an Industrial Park, the buildings of the former officers’ quarters next to main road No. 611 were reconstructed into dwellings. An Incubator House was built in the area behind and some industrial and service provider businesses were established here. Long ago, the area used to be a Russian garrison and later a pig farm, to the west from it a Bio-Methanol plant is planned to be established, while an asphalt plant is located to the east from the property. The Local Municipality of Dombóvár made and approved the Regulatory Plan of the Kaposszekcső Industrial Park and Surroundings in 2000.

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The plant facility planned in the framework of the Mecsek-Dráva Project would be implemented in the western edge of the Industrial Park, on a part of a former shooting ground and on a land located next to it. The free land available is more than 6 hectares. The Kaposszekcső and Szentlőrinc transfer stations will also be built with a „Walking-floor” system, like the one in Barcs, so the technical requirements for them are identical with those of the Barcsi transfer station.

The incoming vehicles enter the dumping area via the drive-in ramp, where they manoeuvre onto the dumping location, which provides the loading of two trailers simultaneously. The wastes are reloaded into the WF trailers on the covered, enclosed dump site by gravitational reloading. The wastes are moved inside the trailer by means of a special movable bottom plate. The flooring can be moved by an installed hydraulic equipment, which serves two trailers simultaneously. The wastes reloaded into the WF trailers are transported into the mechanical pre-treatment plant at the Kökény Centre. The road network is installed in the area of the Industrial Park, therefore only the connection to the plant shall be made which means that a nearly 100 m long road shall be built. We see no environmental obstacle to implement the planned new facilities in an industrial environment. In fact, it may be favourable to establish a technology of higher quality in the area and thereby the former disorder (construction debris, unsettled, disturbed part of the area) can be eliminated.

6.6.2 Szentlőrinc The planned transfer station would be implemented in the operational area of the landfill. No landfilling is done here any more, the landfill was closed by the Local Municipality of Szentlőrinc in 2003. The analysed plant site is located to the north from the settlement, on the verge of the industrial area, its top. lot No. is 0207/12. Although the depot which was operated here before had no technical protection, it was fenced and protected on the verge of the site by a row of trees. This landfill area is waiting for recultivation.

The transfer station planned to be installed at the plant in the framework of this waste management system does not fall within the range of activities subject to integrated environmental permit. The transfer station would impose much less load and hazard onto the

93 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary environment than the landfilling made here before. We see no environmental obstacle to implement the planned new facility in place of the former landfill, in an industrial environment. The technology of the transfer station is identical with that of the Kaposszekcső transfer station.

6.6.3 Pécs The transfer station planned to be built in Pécs will have a conventional pressing technology. The incoming waste is dumped into the hopper of an installed pressing machine (compactor), from where a compacting mechanism presses it into the changeable tank. The tanks are moved by a rail mechanism, two containers shall be placed on the rail mechanism. List of built structure, devices and machinery pertaining to the Pécs transfer station: • Drive-in ramp • 600 m2 dumping area • 75m2 covered, closed dumping area • 4,500 m2 road and paving • 1 roller container transport vehicle • 1 installed press with hopper • 1 rail material handling structure • 4 press tanks • 1 social (sanitary) and gatehouse container • 1 weigh-bridge • leakage water and rainwater collection systems • Fence, gate • Protective forest

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7 Environmental Impacts of the Planned Activities In this section we present the environmental impacts of the previously described technologies. When discussing each environmental component and pollution source, we describe the estimated loads by comparing the impacts of the technologies with IPPC license with those of the new ones planned, and we illustrate them at the end of the section, in a summary matrix table. According to the Hungarian laws both, the core businesses and the related activities must be examined. Therefore when the Waste Treatment Centre is implemented, all its operations shall be analysed, such as waste depositing, sorting, mechanical pre-treatment, composting,…etc. This study covers the overall Mecsek-Dráva Project, therefore in addition to the three centres (Kökény, Marcali, Barcs) it examines the other waste treatment facilities (plant sites, transfer stations, container parks,…etc. At the central areas several waste management technologies will also be implemented, which all represent a closed technology. The main technical units in the centres are as follows: Pécs-Kökény • Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment and Stabilizer (MBT) • Composting Facility • Sorting hall • Waste Landfill Barcs: • Transfer Station • Container park • Sorting hall Marcali: • Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment and Stabilizer (MBT)

95 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.1 Soil

7.1.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil The Upper-Pannonia formations have been explored so far only by one drilling marked T-1, of 30 depth foot depth in 1979, on the 17.2 – 30.0 m section. The transversal section is built up of argilacceous sand, sand and arenaceous clay layers. The seepage factor of the layer between 22.0-29.4 m was determined by the Laboratory of the South Transdanubian Water Management Directorate. The finding was as follows: k= 6,54 10 cm-4/s Laboratory analyses of core samples taken from shallow drillings show that the embankment and bottom level of the landfill consists of layers of significant thickness and good impermeability capacity and the value of seepage factor varies between: k= 10-6- 10-9 cm/s .

When former test documentations were prepared, soil samples taken were analysed by Bálint Analitika Kft.

Evaluation of soil samples from the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre Sample B F/1/0,1 F1/0,1 F3/0,1 F4/0,1 V1/0,1 V2/0,1 V3/0,1 Total salt (t) None 540 580 360 790 630 590 690 Total Nitrogen (mg/l) None 730 1170 1240 1390 880 665 1480 Total Phosporus (t) None 402 398 404 494 358 425 501 Zink 200 55,9 55,2 58,3 59,6 64 65,7 60,8 Cadmium 1 0,17 0,17 0,18 0,22 0,17 0,14 0,23 Chromium VI 75 31,1 29 31,54 31,2 34,8 34,9 32,1 Nickel 40 22,6 17,8 20,3 21,5 24,8 25,3 21,6 Lead 100 12,5 17,4 17,6 14,7 14,9 15,2 16,5 Mercury 0,5 0,210,17 0,18 0,15 0,13 0,17 0,12 Copper 75 13,6 10 11 13,1 15 14,7 14,2 Cobalt 30 7,52 7,72 8,46 7,71 8,39 8,59 7,98 Potassium None 4570 3830 4220 4640 5050 4550 4750 TPH-GC (mg/kg) 100 7,8 10,5 13,4 16,6 19 18,7 24,7

To determine soil contamination, the pollution limit values determined in Joint Decree 10/200 (VI.2.) KöM-EüM-FVM-KHVM were considered. None of the test results showed concentration exceeding “B” pollution limit value.

On the area used for the site, the soil looses its multifunctionality temporarily during the time of building up as long as the activity is pursued and the buildings and paving are not demolished. Practically only load bearing capacity will remain from among its functions.

96 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Since this area was formerly used for waste management purposes, the new investment does not present a new significant environmental load on the soil.

Construction can only present an environmental load on the soil if waste materials generated during the work are not properly stored. Wastes generated during the investment process shall be stored in containers and provisions shall be made for its proper delivery off site, where Act 43 of year 2000 on waste management and the applicable part of its implementation rule shall be applied. On wastes generated on the site, joint Decree 45/2004. (VII. 26.) BM-KvVM gives provisions. Section 3 of the Decree lays down provisions on the handling of construction and demolition waste. Pursuant to Annex 1 of the rule of law, the name of the construction, demolition waste originating from construction shall be: • Excavated soil (EWC code: 17 01 04; 17 05 06) With attention to what was stated above, it can be ascertained that the wastes generated on the area must be stored in a closed system, therefore inert waste generated on the area is not an extra polluting factor. During the pursuit of the works it is a responsibility of the construction company to provide for the closed and proper storage of the wastes generated there. Collection of municipal wastes generated there is also a responsibility of the construction company. Collection and storage of other wastes generated on the construction site can be solved in line with Decree 16/2001 KöM (list of wastes) in line with the classification therein. Since construction will be carried out on the territory of an existing and operational landfill, the municipal waste generated there can be disposed locally, while the mass of earth excavated can be used on the site for other purposes (cover, blanket, etc.). With attention to above, no further pollution of the environment will take place during construction. Since the structures of the planned investment will be established on the basis of the best available technology, the soil cannot be environmentaly polluted during the phase of operation. In the event of extraordinary events – defects of leakage water pond, damage to the insulation of the landfill, impacts generated during transportation presenting a load (e.g. fuel overflow, oil seepage, etc.), measures shall be taken in accordance with the current Extraordinary Events Plan.

97 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.1.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil The waste treatment centre in Barcs will be implemented as a green field investment project. Therefore the function of the area will change. For the construction and operation phase the same applies as in case of the Pécs-Kökény site. On the area used for the site, the soil looses its multifunctionality temporarily during the time of building up as long as the activity is pursued and the buildings and paving are not demolished. Practically only load bearing capacity will remain from among its functions. Original functions will remain only on the landscaped areas. During the preceding studies no polluting substance analysis of the soil was conducted. The activities shall be arranged here on the basis of the best available technology, and although the multifunctionality of the area will decrease, due to the more favourable technology pollution level of the area will relatively decrease. On wastes generated on the site, joint Decree 45/2004. (VII. 26.) BM-KvVM gives provisions. Section 3 of the Decree lays down provisions on the handling of construction and demolition waste. Pursuant to Annex 1 of the rule of law, the name of the construction, demolition waste originating from construction shall be: • Excavated soil (EWC code: 17 01 04; 17 05 06) With attention to what was stated above, it can be ascertained that the wastes generated on the area must be stored in a closed system, therefore inert waste generated on the area is not an extra polluting factor.

During the pursuit of the works it is a responsibility of the construction company to provide for the closed and proper storage of the wastes generated there. Collection of municipal wastes generated there is also a responsibility of the construction company. Collection and storage of other wastes generated on the construction site can be solved in line with Decree 16/2001 KöM (list of wastes) in line with the classification therein. The mass of earth excavated can be used on the adjacent site for further purposes (cover, blanket, etc). With attention to above, no pollution of the environment will take place during construction. During transportation it is mainly a malfunction of the transport vehicles, leakage of fuel or lubricant that can cause damage on the soil (in the soil) and water quality damage in the waters. When a case like that is observed, the most important task is to prevent its flow into surface water. Spread on soil must be prevented, contaminated soil must be excavated and handed over to a licensed organisation for disposal. During the time of installation, attempts must be made to have full scale remediation, and all steps should be taken in accordance with

98 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary the effective Extraordinary Events Plan. When handling wastes, seepage of leakage water may occur in case insulation is damaged. This can be indicated by the sudden decrease of the quantity of leakage water or by the monitoring system. In addition to repairing the insulation, the necessary remediation must also be done.

7.1.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Soil On the territory of the Ridge, on top of the Pannon layers, rather thick layers of gravel followed by finer grains closer to the surface still containing fine sand got deposited on the alluvial cone. Close to the surface, aleurite (loess type) layers dominate. Cross bedding generally characteristic of alluvial cones is frequent here as well. Typical loess could not be generated here due to re-deposition. Characteristic formations are the muddy, limon loess formations. The thickness of the Pleistocene mounts to 30 m.

Findings of the soil mechanical exploration conducted in relation with the construction of the landfill show that close to the surface the typical rock is silty arenit having high lime content. With the drilling, lean clay layers were headed through, which also support the general spread of fine sand. The seepage factors determined by the laboratory are of an order of magnitude of 10-7 – 10-9 m/s which well correspond to the values determined for clay layers at other locations.

For the entire small region the characteristic soil is brown forest soil with clay leaching in and generated on loess.

Impact of the Different Facilities on the Soil Component On the place where the mechanical-biological pre-treatment plant is constructed, multifunctionality of the soil will decrease, it will lose its original function and fertility. Diversity of the area will decrease on the built up area, but at the same time where cover by grass and landscaping are done, diversity will increase. During the time of construction the soil and the sub-surface water media are more vulnerable, therefore it is important to exactly keep the schedule and the technology requirements.

99 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

It is worth appointing a date for the earthwork when no major rains – an erosion threat - , nor major draughts – threat of deflation – can be expected, and the chance for causing an environmental damage is the smallest. The fertile top soil layer of the excavated soil is worth storing separately in order to return it later to the area intened to be covered by grass. In the operation phase, one should always proceed in accordance with the technology instructions, in case of proper operation damage to the soil or groundwater can be avoided. On the basis of the above it can be stated that the intervention does not exercise an intolerable impact on the soil.

7.1.4 Waste Transfer Stations The design of the waste transfer stations is in compliance with the principles of the BAT technology. If the operation instruction is complied with, extraordinary events affecting the soil as an environmental component are not conceivable.

7.1.5 Container Parks (CP) The design of the container parks is in compliance with BAT technology. Loading areas have insulated flooring, drainage of water is perfectly solved. The bulk of wastes delivered to the Container Park is non-hazardous waste. The hazardous wastes delivered to the CP are stored separately, in appropriate containers, and when containers are full, they are transported with no delay to the closest disposal site. In case of proper operation it will not exercise any harmful impact on the soil, it only occupies the area. With consideration to the size of the container park and the negative impacts arising from the resulting occupation of the area as well as the positive impacts of the container park it can be concluded that it does exercise an intolerable impact on the environment.

7.1.6 Waste Collection Islands The waste collection islands are in every respect in compliance with BAT technology. The island collects the different waste fractions separately, the design of the inlet allows only the suitable waste to be placed in the container. Collection islands are not suitable for the collection of hazardous waste or liquid waste, therefore the only harmful factor can be dissemination of waste from an overloaded container by the wind, which may have a harmful impact also on the soil.

100 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

By arranging transportation of sufficient frequency this pollution option may be fully prevented.

101 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.2 Surface and Underground Water

7.2.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Water 7.2.1.1 Surface Waters The Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre is located south of the ridge of the Baranya Hills. All surface water courses in the region are south-bound. The spring at the bottom of the valley, south of the centre, is the beginning of the Szilvási watercourse. It has no significant water output. It draws water from the 65 ha surface catchment area of the Hideg Valley, whose northern border is running along the interconnecting road of the landfill. On the southern side of the centre, at the bottom of the valley there is no permanent watercourse, the bed is dry. The water running off from the catchment area reaches the Szőkei fish ponds through the Szilvási watercourse.

The design of the waste treatment centre ensures the protection of surface water quality. Since it has a closed water management system, no polluted waters get from the area to receipient surface waters, and they do not pose a threat to surface water quality.

7.2.1.2 Underground Waters Pursuant to the Annex of Decree 7/2005. (III.1.) KvVM., which determines the classification of settlements located on sensitive areas from the aspect of underground water status, the Pécs-Kökény landfill area has been classified as a sensitive area. During construction work and operation, the effective legislation, that is Government Decree 219/2004. (VII. 21.) Korm. on the protection of underground waters and Government Decree 220/2004. (VII. 21.) Korm on the rules of protection of underground water quality shall be considered.

On the basis of data available about the wider environment of the landfill it can be stated that a static groundwater level ridge east of the landfill, almost east-west-bound, exceeding +180 m mBf is located, which is the underground watershed of the Pécs Basin and the catchment areas located souht of it (catchment area border).

The landfill basin will be built with layers (stratification) pursuant to the amended Decree No. 20/2006.(IV. 5.) KvVM (stratification with attention to the local characteristics of the site):

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− Compacted earthwork − 0.5 m mineral insulation, K< 10-9m/s − geophysical sensor system − 2.5 mm thick HDPE foil insulation − min: 1000g/m2 geotextile − seepage water collector system − 50 cm thick washed river or lake gravel, pebble (grade 16/32, or 24/32) − min 250 g/ m2 geotextile

The design of the waste treatment centre ensures the protection of underground water quality. Since it has a closed water management system, no polluted waters get from the area to receipient surface waters, and they do not pose a threat to surface water quality.

Municipal Wastewaters Municipal wastewater is generated on the places where water is used (social (sanitary) and office building, container park (MRF) and social block of the mechanical preparation facility). Wastewater generated there is collected in closed wastewater reservoirs, which is a new 30 m3 closed reservoir to be constructed for the social and office block, and 10-10 m3 closed reservoirs for the MRF and mechanical preparation unit. Liquid waste content of the reservoirs is transported to the Pécs-Pellérd wastewater treatment plant with the necessary frequency.

Technological Wastewaters, Leakage Waters The SEPURATOR type oil separator structures currently at work at the plant will continue to operate after development is finished. An oil trap structure of this kind is operating inserted into the network designed to drain leakage from the tyre wash, vehicle and container wash structures. Its recipient is the leakage drain sewer. At one point of the site (next to compactor store) a 5 m3 mobile filling station will be established, where the rainwater running off from the filling surface will also go through an oil trap. As part of the new technology, a purification shaft will be established near the leakage water pond placed next to the unloading area, which allows the treatment of leakage water to a

103 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary certain degree. Pre-treatment allows us to transfer less polluted leakage waters to the Pellérd wastewater treatment plant, whereby our own operation costs are decreased. Drainage of rainwater from the roof structure From the large surface roof systems (roof structure of the mechanical preparation and the material recycling hall) runoff of pollution free rainwater can be expected in large quantities. To collect these waters closed rainwater reservoirs each with a capacity of 200 m3 will be set up next to the halls, which will be fitted with a weir to avoid overloading and to allow unpolluted surplus water to flow into the eastern swale.

Contaminated Rainwater from surfaces All rainwater from contaminated surfaces will be conducted via a rainwater collection and drainage network into a closed leakage water system. Rainwater from contaminated surfaces is the rainwater running off from the composting and stabilizing area and from the reception area of the mechanical preparation facility.

Identification of the impacted area No impact going beyond the area of the landfill site can be expected with regard to the surface and underground waters. The impacted area overlaps with the area of the waste treatment plant.

7.2.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Waters Pursuant to the Annex of Decree 7/2005. (III.1.) KvVM., which determines the classification of settlements located on sensitive areas from the aspect of underground water status, the area of the new site has been classified as a sensitive area.

7.2.2.1 Surface Waters: In the neighbourhood of the area under analysis there are no surface watercourses. The water at the shortest distance can be found at the remnants of the Nagy-Bóki dead channel. The Dráva River currently shows continuous embedment, the rate of riverbed sinking is presumed to be about 2-3 cm/year on the Barcs section.

104 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.2.2.2 Underground Waters: The dominant flow direction of underground waters points to the direction of the Dráva River, it is also true for the deep groundwaters, which is explained by riverbed morphology and the linkage between the area and the deep groundwaters. When the impact assessment of the landfill in the neighbourhood was carried out, boreholes were made and water samples were taken. The wells show the following groundwater table. Sign of the well Initial water table (m) BF-1 -5,1 BF-2 -4,5 Groundwater table was BF-3 not hit, estimated depth - 12,8-13,5 m Drilled railway well -12,2

During the time of installation, landscaping is an essential phase fro water protection aspects. During that time soil is mostly uncovered and these uncovered areas may comprehensively mount up to 1-2 ha. As result, the commencement of erosion cannot be excluded during times of heavy rains, especially on the embankment of trenches. In the interest of keeping external waters away, it seems expedient to build the swales as soon as possible. With this, impact exercised on the environment can be significantly decreased. With regard to underground waters in our view the most unfavourable period is the landscaping time when the ground is mostly uncovered . But at that time, from the aspect of underground water, no risky substance can be found on the site, or it may happen only in case of an extraordinary event.

During installation, activities important from the aspect of water protection are: • landscaping • Setting up and maintenance of trenches • transportation • Construction, fitting

When landscaping is being done, huge rainfalls may cause extraordinary type of events, which may give rise to erosion on the uncovered ground. At times like this, run-off waters may carry a lot of sediment, floating material, which may be deposited in a veil like fashion in the vicinity of the area. Depositing on the ground does not cause any special problem from

105 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary water quality point of view. On the basis of area morphology and the volume of the activity no major erosion can be expected. When establishing the trenches, special attention should be paid to drainage. The depth of the trenches will certainly not reach the groundwater table, but caution is needed, because in the thick loess layer there may be parts easily falling down, which, due to waters, may cause stability problems. There is little probability of the occurrence of water quality damages during construction and mounting. By proper handling of wastes coming from the materials used on site, eventual contaminations can be fully excluded. A swale system will be set up to drain rain waters during operation. The swale drains waters falling on the area and not getting into contact with waste. Rainwater collected that way is desiccated, or let into the public sewer. Run off water quantity is increased by the size of covered surfaces and roof structures. This was taken into consideration when the dimensions of the rainwater drainage system were determined. By setting up the ditches along the roads, rain waters can be drained without causing any damages. The site is built up with an insulation appropriate for a polluted zone, runoff waters are collected and used or forwarded for treatment at wastewater treatment plant. Under normal operation conditions the site cannot have an impact on underground water quality, but in case of extraordinary events it can, but even that is tolerable because of the sufficiently long time available for intervention. Spread of substance is groundwater is relatively slow. In case of the fine sand given here, spread velocity of the polluting substance in seepage direction is around 0,4 m/d (k = 10-4 m/s). It is a rather pessimist estimate, excavations carried out on the adjacent dumping site also support this data. On the basis of the analogies, therefore, it can be safely ascertained that the impact of the site on underground water is tolerable, practically of negligible extent.

Municipal Water Demands Municipal water demand occurs in the social (sanitary) and office building, in the Container park (MRF) block, which is met by the drinking water network.

Fire Extinguishing Water Supply New fire extinguishing water reservoirs need to be built as part of the development.

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Municipal Wastewaters Municipal wastewater is generated on the places where water is used (social (sanitary) and office building, container park (MRF)). Waste water generated is collected in closed waste water reservoirs, which are 10-10 m3 reservoirs. Liquid waste content of the reservoirs is transported to the closest wastewater treatment plant with the necessary frequency.

Technological Wastewaters, Leakage Waters SEPURATOR type oil separating structures will be built up on the site to drain the leakage water from the container wash and other technological type leakage. At one point of the site a 5 m3 mobile filling station will be established, where the rainwater running off from the filling surface will also go through an oil trap.

Drainage of rainwater from the roof structure From the large surface roof systems (roof structure of the waste transfer station, container park and the material recycling hall) runoff of pollution free rainwater can be expected in large quantities. To collect these waters closed rainwater reservoirs will be set up next to the halls, which will be fitted with a weir to avoid overloading and to allow unpolluted surplus water to flow into the eastern swale.

Contaminated Rainwater from surfaces All rainwater from contaminated surfaces will be conducted via a rainwater collection and drainage network into a closed leakage water system. Contaminated rainwater from surfaces is the rainwater running off from the reception area of the container park and the container park.

Identification of the impacted area No impact going beyond the area of the landfill site can be expected with regard to the surface and underground waters. The impacted area overlaps with the area of the waste treatment plant.

107 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.2.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Surface and Underground Waters 7.2.3.1 Geological Conditions The installation is part of the small region called Marcali-hát, which is a ridge of hills running south of the line of Balatonberény-Balatonkeresztúr on a length of 50 km. Southward it is getting narrower in a V formation and the widest part falls on the area in question. This condition has an important role in judging the environmental risk represented by the landfill. The ridge divides the internal Somogy alluvial cone into an eastern and a western part. The relatively young emergence of the ridge is supported by the fact that certain sediments of the alluvial cone can also be found here. Its height conditions however show that it is well fitted into the system of Pannon tables tipped over towards the south. Its emergence is obviously due to the young transversal fault, as the deep structure, which is markedly manifested in the Marcali-Öreglak fault does not appear in the surface morphology. This fault has significance from the aspect of thermal water purchase. In Marcali, hot water was explored in the Gomba Valley. In its geological set-up, Pannon layers play a dominant role. In spite of the fact that the Upper Pannon is several hundreds meters thick, this evolution is not favourable from water abstraction point of view. The occurrence of hydrocarbon tied to the deep structures – although not too significant from exploitation point of view – has a rather unfavourable impact on water quality, as methane content is high in wells. Wells of the Marcali Water Works also gave unfavourable data, with an average depth of 200 m, they did not manage to abstract sufficient quantity of water for a safe supply of the city, and this is why Marcali had to be connected to the Balaton regional system. A number of smaller wells of different depth have also been drilled to supply water to other industrial and some no longer operating military installations, which deepened not on the ridge, but on the plain areas of the alluvial cone. These wells have an output of about 80/100 l/min, filtered at about 60 m, but even these have not produced good results. In the western and southern part of the ridge, the evolution of the Pannon layers is more favourable, meeting water supply demands on this area did not cause any problem. In the erosion affected valleys the Pannon layers could even come up to the surface, and this is how conclusions could be made about the thickness of the Pleistocene and Holocene cover layers.

On the territory of the Ridge, on top of the Pannon layers, rather thick layers of gravel followed by finer grains closer to the surface still containing fine sand got deposited on the

108 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary alluvial cone. Close to the surface, aleurite (loess type) layers dominate. Cross bedding generally characteristic of alluvial cones is frequent here as well. Typical loess could not be generated here due to re-deposition. Characteristic formations are the muddy, limon loess formations. The thickness of the Pleistocene mounts up to 30 m.

Findings of the soil mechanical exploration conducted in relation with the construction of the landfill show that close to the surface the typical rock is silty arenit having high lime content. With the drilling, lean clay layers were headed through, which also support the general spread of fine sand. The seepage factors determined by the laboratory are of an order of magnitude of 10-7 – 10-9 m/s which well correspond to the values determined for clay layers at other locations.

For the entire small region the characteristic soil is brown forest soil with clay leaching in and generated on loess.

7.2.3.2 Surface Water The area in question belongs to the catchment area of Lake Balaton, it is close to its border. The tipping over towards the south mentioned in the geological conditions section determines the valleys and the flow of temporary water courses therein in the vicinity of the Waste Treatment Centre. The erosion affected valley – Galagonyás – opening at the landfill is leaning towards south and leads into the valley of the Bara Brook. The Bara Brook avoids Gadány from the south on a relatively low lying area and flows towards north-east and finally flows into the Sári watercourse. The Sári and the Boronkai water courses, flowing almost parallel with each other, feed into the Marcali reservoir. The Gombai swale which is the recipient of the treated waters form the waste water treatment plant also discharges into the Marcali reservoir. The Marcali reservoir is a fish containing reservoir constructed to improve water quality and built with two pre-sedimentation tanks whose function has been reduced, but the reservoir is still able to prevent the direct flow of polluted waters into the Western Channel, and into Lake Balaton. The water output measuring stations closest to the site can be found bí the Marcali-Boronka public road. Water output measured there has no practical significance from the aspect of the site. Much more significant is the fact that the catchment area also containing the site is less than 2% of the Marcali reservoir catchment area. A straight conclusion is that contaminated

109 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary rain waters eventually running off the site would not cause a water quality change that could impact the water quality change of the reservoir or even of Lake Balaton.

7.2.3.3 Underground Waters The closest deep underground well is the deep-drilled well on the site of the Marcali landfill. Its Top. Lot No. is K-30. The well was filtered between 115-127 m. The initial water table set in at – 91,2 m. On the basis of the soil mechanical expert opinion, which identified groundwater conditions on the basis of morphology, groundwater table can be estimated to be at a depth of about 30 m. Pursuant to this, an immense negative gradient has to be reckoned with. It is not clear however, if saturated zone is continuous under groundwater stored above upper Pannon clay, in the coarser grain layer of the Pleistocene layer, slowly seeping towards south, south-east. Since this seems to be the least favourable case, this is what we consider. At the same time in our first approach to analyse the protectedness of the well, the impact of the unsaturated zone is neglected. Calculations show that vertical access time is t = 7,85 year linking to the well axis. Because of the rather small water demand, 9 m3/d , the distant impact of the well is small, it is estimated to be 280 m in 50 years. If distance from the landfill is considered, the access time is increased by 1 year. No specific measurement data are available that could be considered in the impact of the unsaturated zone. Technical literature data show that in case of similar soils the velocity of the progress of moisture front may be around 0,6-1,0 m, which means that the estimated access time can be 30-50 years , that is, it is significantly higher than in the zone that can be considered saturated. Probably there is no contiguous saturated zone between the gorundwater and the filtered layer. The large difference in water pressure also supports this. In that case, however, the access time is over 100 years, which provides relatively high security. Groundwater table is not exactly known on the area. Soil mechanical exploration did not give signs of dampening. More exact data than 30 m estimated on the basis of terrain levels are not available. The seepage direction can only be estimated on the basis of the terrain, presumably it is identical with terrain inclination, which in the given place is opposite to the regional flow direction, characteristic of the larger region. This means that the length of the road to the water bases of the region is that long, that is, several kilometres. This makes the calculation of access time superfluous, the water bases of the region area not qualified vulnerable anyhow.

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Municipal Water Demands Municipal water demand occurs in the social (sanitary) and office building and in the social (sanitary) blocks of the Mechanical Biological Preparation Facility, which is met by the drinking water network.

Municipal Wastewaters Municipal wastewater is generated on the places where water is used (social (sanitary) and office building, and social block of the mechanical preparation facility). Wastewater generated there is collected in closed wastewater reservoirs, which means a new closed reservoir to be constructed for the social and office block and mechanical preparation unit. Liquid waste content of the reservoirs is transported to the closest wastewater treatment plant with the necessary frequency.

Technological Wastewaters, Leakage Waters On the site SEPURATOR type oil separator structure will be installed and put into operation. On the site a filling station will be established, where the rainwaters running off from the filling surface will also go through an oil trap. Pre-treatment allows us to transfer less polluted leakage waters to the wastewater treatment plant, whereby our own operation costs are decreased.

Keeping External Waters at a Distance, Swale System For keeping external waters at a distance, a covered swale system will be built. The overall length of the planned new swale system is not known yet.

Drainage of rainwater from the roof structure From the large surface roof systems (mechanical preparation hall) runoff of pollution free rainwater can be expected in large quantities. To collect these waters closed rainwater reservoirs will be set up next to the halls, which will be fitted with a weir to avoid overloading and to allow unpolluted surplus water to flow into the eastern swale.

Contaminated Rainwater from surfaces All rainwater from contaminated surfaces will be conducted via a rainwater collection and drainage network into a closed leakage water system. Rainwater from contaminated surfaces

111 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary is the rainwater running off from the stabilizing area and from the reception area of the mechanical preparation facility.

Identification of the impact area No impact going beyond the area of the landfill site can be expected with regard to the surface and underground waters. The impacted area overlaps with the area of the waste treatment plant.

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7.2.4 Container Parks (CP) The container parks are in every respect in compliance with BAT technology. Due to the insulated footing and selective collection they produce no impact on the surface and groundwater. In case of an extraordinary event, it is dealt with in accordance with the operation instruction. Sand is stored in a sufficient number of barrels for remediation. Since waste types collected in container parks are characteristically not collected in large quantities, and in case of an extraordinary event their spread can be immediately stopped, therefore their operation does not exercise any impact on the surface and underground waters.

7.2.5 Waste Transfer Stations Waste transfer stations are in every respect in compliance with the principles of the BAT technology. Paving is insulated, rain waters are drained by swale and stored in a desiccating pond. A closed waste water reservoir is available for the handling of contaminated rain waters, which is forwarded at regular intervals to the closest waste water treatment plant. During proper operation of the transfer station, if operating instructions are complied with, no extraordinary event that can pollute the water component can happen.

7.2.6 Waste Collection Islands Due to the types of wastes collected on waste collection islands, no environment damaging impact can be generated there with regard to surface and underground waters.

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7.3 Air In waste handling, transportation is one of the most significant environmental impacting factors, its impacts are decisive for air pollution. This is due to the fact that the load generated by transportation is not point-like, or local, but it is lane like, extending over quite a large area. In case of this project, this impact must be in the focal point of our investigation. The reason for this is that transportation activity will be sometimes more concentrated and of higher volume than earlier in the vicinity of the planned facilities. Between the sites in Marcali and in Barcs, waste stream exchange will also take place because of division of labour. In addition, in contrast with the current practice, transportation from the waste treatment centre will also take place in the form of compost and stabilised, combustible waste. In this phase, environmental loads will increase due to extra transportation tasks arising from selective collection. Establishment of selective collection, however, does not have to multiply the number of rounds if it is well organised. Emissions therefore will somewhat increase, but the total load affecting the environmental components/systems will not increase. There is a double reason to it: In the course of setting up the waste management system, the transport vehicles can be changed for modern, dust free vehicles, which is accompanied by a specific decrease of emissions. On the other hand, in a number of places (public roads with heavy traffic, urban parts of settlements, smaller settlements loaded by transit traffic) the emissions represent only a negligible, often non-detectable extra load compared to the base (background) load. Extra traffic will generate extra load only where waste has to be transported through residential areas. The main transportation roads are main road 6, 611, 57 and 58, load will primarily appear along these roads, but it will not exceed, or will to a negligible extent exceed the current load.

114 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.3.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on Air The area in question is not one of the areas under national or local protection. Study of base conditions shows that the area (due to the landfill) is exposed to air polluting impacts from a number of sources. But these impacts are only of local nature and they are closely interwoven with the waste management activity. During construction attention must be paid to avoid causing extra load on the base conditions, or causing it only to a small degree. In the course of the work extra load may be generated by the following: • Generation of dust by works, earthworks and transportation

Generation of dust in the course of the work may cause extra load on the environment in certain cases. This, however, can be influenced by a number of non-foreseeable factors. These may be the following: • Time when work is pursued (in dry season dust may be generated) • Movement area of workmachines (generation of dust may be avoided by organisation) • Terrain work (in dry season dust may be generated, it depends on the technology) In the construction phase air pollution coming from transportation practically remains on the road area, within a 50-50 m band of the road. Thus, with regard to the properties along the road no air pollution exceeding the limit value can occur. The transitional dust pollution arising from the construction technology makes its impact felt within the protective distance, but on this area there is no residential building.

7.3.1.1 Emission of Heating Origin Among the service facilities the ones with a heating demand are the central building to be built anew and the current office block and the wash. The two-storey central building gives home to the social (sanitary) block, the exhibition hall and the meeting room. The heating of the central block seating 60-65 persons will be performed by a 25 kW capacity boiler running on PB gas container. The heating of the existing Y shape office block and wash will be solved by the currently operating system after upgrading. In the Y-shape building heating, as well as hot water are provided by a 24kW capacity boiler running on PB gas. In the building of the wash facility thermal energy is supplied by a 30 kW capacity boilder, running also on gas.

115 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Heating of the social block of certain units, of the gatehouse and of the two balance housing is solved by oil heaters, therefore they cannot be registered as point sources. The air polluting sources listed in the section above are not under the scope of Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.).

7.3.1.2 Emission of Technological Origin Load Generated by the Container park on Air: The function of the air extraction system of the installation is to remove the dusty air generated at the drum screen(s) and to transfer it into a dust filter bag. From the dust filter bag the cleansed air is let into the open air through a stack connecting to the dust filter equipment. Dust adhered to the surface of the screen is removed by a pneumatic joggling system, and the dust falling off due to joggling is collected in a closed collector at the bottom of the screen bag, which has to be emptied at determined intervals. The dust separated that way is disposed in the landfill. The highest total capacity of the drum screens - with calculations for one drum screen – is 6,000 kg/h waste, which, according to reference data has 0.4% dust content. This means 24 kg input dust content by the hour, and 99.9% of it is separated by the filter bag. The extraction system has a capacity of 14.000 m3/h, that is, the outgoing dust concentration is 3,44 mg/m3. A 9 m stack will be connected to the dust removal system. Pursuant to Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.) the stack is subject to notification to the authorities as a point source, on the basis of the mass balance above it is in compliance with the legal requirements, therefore no emission above the limit values can be expected. Waste coming in from the drum screen is forwarded to the sorting line, where wastes are sorted manually by the types. To decrease dust concentration of the inner working, area fresh air is conducted into the sorting hall from above through a ventilator installed for this purpose. Fresh air is filtered, if necessary, the temperature is set. Under the lines an air extraction system is going to be installed to prevent dust formation. When determining the size of the air extraction system, attention is paid to the fact that the picking shed must be under slight overpressure to prevent the dust from getting into the closed space of the picking shed from the air space of the hall. The air containing dust leaves the building through the air extraction system in a diffuse manner, therefore it is not subject to notification.

116 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

The establishment of the stack that is part of the dust separator bag system – point source No. P2 – has been approved by the South Transdanubian Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate in its resolution No. 6103-18/2004. Air Pollution Load from the mechanical-biological preparation facility A closed shredder does the shredding of waste fed into the hopper, therefore no dust emission can be expected. As part of the technology the drum screen and the baling machine have been equipped with a dust exhaust equipment, which is connected to a dust separator. The fraction remaining on the drum screen, cleaned from metals is separated by a jet conveyor to light and heavy fraction, and the fraction containing inorganic inert materials is disposed in the landfill. Disposal of the organic substance free fraction does not cause air pollution if cleaning is done daily.

7.3.1.3 Biogas Handling Only the gas generated in the landfill has to be handled, as no industrial scale biogas production takes place. Part of the biogas treatment unit is a torch, which can be used for safely burning the gas whose quantity is not suitable for economic processing. Government Decree 21/2001. (II. 14.) on certain rules relating to air protection stipulates that installations having waste management of 50t/day capacity shall have minimum 500, maximum 1000 m protection zone. To discharge the flue gas of the gas engine a stack will be built, while for the transfer of the electricity produced to the power supply company a transformer needs to be installed.

The establishment of the stack to discharge flue gas of the gas engines – point source No. P2 – has been approved by the South Transdanubian Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate in its resolution No. 6103-18/2004.

7.3.1.4 Odour Emission In the course of activities accompanied by intensive odours (foul smell) BAT technology must be applied to avoid generating foul smell that disturbs the population. Technology is evaluated with attention to that, and we identify the units where during operation intensive odour emission can be expected.

Units of technology characterised by odour emission: − Reception are of the the Mechanical Preparation Facility

117 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

− Pre-Stabiliser Hall: Stabilization Phase I

1) In the mechanical preparation facility mixed waste is shredded and classified (applied in case of both technologies). Since mixed waste contains degradable organic material, slight odour impact has to be reckoned with on the reception area. The instensity of the odour emitted depends on the phase of the degradation process, therefore its intensity can be significantly decreased by better work organisation. To decrease odour emission, waste delivered to the mechanical preparation unit is processed until the end of the shift the latest. If provisions applicable to processing are complied with, odour impact practically cannot affect external properties. Considering the solid geometric centre of the store, no odour impact can be expected within 100 m.

2) Following pre-treatment, the shredded and homogenous material is forwarded to the pre- stabilizer hall (Phase I.). In the first phase of stabilization, the pulp containing organic materials emits odour, which is due to the degradation, stabilisation processes. To mitigate odour impact, an extraction system will be operated the hall that will forward the extracted air into a biofilter.

In the mechanical pre-treatment unit the heavy fraction free from degrading organic materials, and practically consisting of only inorganic materials will not generate any odour impact if disposed in the landfill.

In its resolution No 6103-18/2004 the South Trans-Danubian Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate stipulated a 100 m specific protection zone measured from the borders of the technological units emitting odour, which will have to be established during construction.

7.3.1.5 Emission from Transportation Transportation of waste from the current collection area to the treatment site is done on main road 58. Transportation is carried out on 300 days per year from 6:30 a.m. to 16 hours p.m.

Information on current traffic on main road 58 is available from the national traffic count data. The information indicated in the application for an IPPC permit are derived from the official traffic data of year 2001 based on which and by the application of traffic development multiplier traffic data of 2004 and 2012 can be predicted.

118 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

period Personal car buses Truck year V/day V/day V/day 2001. 5.134 149 487 2004. 6.161 136 573 2012. 6.828 149 671

To estimate the emissions from transport, the designer relied on the specific emission data on the given vehicle category, which are in fact the specific data published by the Institute for Transport Sciences. For the traffic pursued on main road 58, the specific values pertaining to 80 km/h travelling speed were considered, while on the 3 km long interconnecting road leading to the landfill 60 km/h travelling speed was considered. An additional information also fed into the determination of one hour traffic emission on main road 58 was the division of daily traffic as follows: 92% of traffic is pursued during daytime (600 - 2000), while 8 % during nighttime (2000 - 600) On the basis of the above, the truck traffic pertaining to the current activities is 100 trucks/day (considering 11.5 hours operation time).

The designer considered the year 2004 traffic data as base conditions of the activity, and determined, by using these data, the annual and daytime hourly average transport emissions. Following to this, expected emission estimates for year 2012 have also been set up with attention to the fact that the expected transport demand of the activity will be 202 trucks per day with transportation on 300 days a year. On the basis of the summation of the expected truck traffic and the base truck traffic estimate fo 2012, estimate load increase on 1 km long road section can be indirectly calculated. Vehicle category Annual emission (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 11,92 4,84 0,017 0,229

2004. Truck 1,63 1,68 0,023 0,347 Bus 0,3 0,37 0,007 0,086 Total emission 13,59 6,88 0,047 0,662 Vehicle category Daytime emission (kg/h)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 1,88 0,76 0,0027 0,036

2004. Truck 0,22 0,26 0,0036 0,055 Bus 0,05 0,06 0,0011 0,014 Total emission 2,14 1,08 0,0074 0,105

119 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Vehicle category Annual emission (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 13,21 5,36 0,019 0,254

2012. Truck 1,6 1,96 0,027 0,407 Bus 0,33 0,4 0,008 0,094 Total emission 15,2 7,72 0,053 0,755 Vehicle category Daytime emissions (kg/h)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 2,08 0,84 0,003 0,04

2012. Truck 0,25 0,31 0,0042 0,064 Bus 0,05 0,063 0,0012 0,015 Total emission 2,38 1,217 0,0084 0,119

Vehicle category Annual emission extended by waste transportation activity (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 13,21 5,36 0,019 0,254

2012. Truck 2,16 2,66 0,037 0,55 Bus 0,33 0,4 0,008 0,094 Total emission 15,7 8,42 0,064 0,898

Vehicle category Daytime emission extended by waste transportation activity (kg/h)

CO NOx SO2 Dust Personal car 2,08 0,84 0,003 0,04

2012. Truck 0,35 0,42 0,0058 0,086 Bus 0,05 0,063 0,0012 0,015 Total emission 2,48 1,323 0,01 0,141

Annual emissions calculated for the 3 km long interconnecting road are as follows: − CO: 0,26 t/km

− NOx: 0,2 t/km

− SO2: 0,003 t/km − Dust: 0,048 t/km On the basis above it can stated that the NOx emission on the interconnecting road is only 2.91% of the emission of the estimated traffic in year 2004 on road 58.

120 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

The traffic on the interconnecting road used for the transportation of waste to the treatment site is expected to increase to 202 trucks/day from the current 100 trucks/day. Due to the increased traffic, emissions on the 3 km long section of the road will change as follows: − CO: 0.53 t/km

− NOx: 0.404 t/km

− SO2: 0.0061 t/km − Dust: 0.097 t/km On the basis above it can stated that the NOx emission on the interconnecting road is only 4.80% of the emission of the estimated traffic in year 2012 on road 58.

7.3.1.6 Identification of the Impact Area Pursuant to Government Decree No. 21/2001 (II. 14.) in force and amended several times, the activity that has been pursued so far and is intended to be pursued can be classified into Annex 2, sub-section „A” of the applicable government decree (waste management activity exceeding 50 t/day capacity), therefore the minimum air protection zone requirement in a base case is 500 m. Due to change of technology, new polluting sources will be installed, all these investments will be based on the principle of the best available technology. In that case the competent inspectorate is entitled to prescribe a specific, less than 500 m protective zone in line with Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.). When discussing the activities accompanied by odour impact it was stated that odour concentration of disturbing level can only occur within 100 m measured form the border of the sources, therefore we propose that 100 m protective zone should be designated measured from the border of the units emitting odour.

In its resolution No 6103-18/2004 the South Trans-Danubian Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate stipulated a 100 m specific protection zone measured from the borders of the technological units emitting odour, which will have to be established during construction.

121 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.3.2 Polluting Impact of the Waste Management Centre in Barcs on Air Quality On the basis of Annex 1 of Decree 4/2002. (X.7.) KvVM, the area in question is classified into zone group „F” for sulphur-dioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, carbon-monoxide and benzene, and into zonegroup „E” for particulate matter (solid-PM10). With regard to air quality situation, this classification means the following (on the basis of Annex 4 of Joint Decree 14/2001 (V.9.) KöM-EüM-FVM): • Group “E”: an area where air pollution by one or more air polluting substances is between the upper examination threshold and the air pollution limit value. • Group “F”: an area where air pollution does not exceed the lower examination threshold. Having done the evaluation of the air quality of the area on the basis of the above, it can be stated that sulphur-dioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, carbon-monoxide concentrations do not exceed the lower examination threshold, while for particulate matter it is between the upper examination threshold and the air pollution limit value.

The site of the plant is at a distance of about 800 m from the closest residential building.

7.3.2.1 Emission of Heating Origin Among the service facilities the ones with a heating demand are the social (sanitary) building to be built anew, the workshop and the picking sheds of the container park. The central building gives home to the social (sanitary) block, the dressing room, the office and the weigh-bridge room. The heating of the central block will be performed by a 25 kW capacity boiler running on PB gas container. The heating of the rooms of other units - workshop, container park – will be solved by oil radiators, therefore they do not have to be registered as point sources. The air polluting sources listed in the section above are not under the scope of Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.).

122 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.3.2.2 Emission of Technological Origin The technology of the container park and the pollution load it generates on air quality are the same as in the case of the Pécs-Kökény container park. The air containing dust leaves the building through the air extraction system in a diffuse manner, therefore it is not subject to notification.

7.3.2.3 Odour Emission In the course of activities accompanied by intensive odours (foul smell) BAT technology must be applied to avoid generating foul smell that disturbs the population. Technology is evaluated with attention to that, and we identify the units where during operation intensive odour emission can be expected. No significant odour emission will occur at the Barcs Waste Treatment Pant.

7.3.2.4 Emission from Transportation Transportation of waste from the current collection area to the treatment site is done on main roads 6 and 611. Transportation is carried out on 300 days per year from 6:30 a.m. to 16 hours p.m. Information on current traffic on main road 6 is available from the national traffic count data. period Personal car buses Truck year V/day V/day V/day 2006. 9514 171 1191

To estimate the emissions from transport, the designer relied on the specific emission data on the given vehicle category, which are in fact the specific data published by the Institute for Transport Sciences. For traffic carried out on main road 6, specific values pertaining to 80 km/h average travelling time were applied. An additional information also fed into the determination of one hour traffic emission on main road 6 was the division of daily traffic as follows: 92% of traffic is pursued during daytime (600 - 2000), while 8 % during nighttime (2000 - 600). On the basis of the above, the truck traffic pertaining to the current activities is 100 trucks/day (considering 11.5 hours operation time). The designer considered the year 2004 traffic data as base conditions of the activity, and determined, by using these data, the annual and daytime hourly average transport emissions. Following to this, expected emission estimates for year 2012 have also been set up with attention to the fact that the expected transport demand of the activity will be 202 trucks per day with transportation on 300 days a year. On the basis of the summation of the expected truck traffic and the base truck traffic

123 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary estimate fo 2012, estimate load increase on 1 km long road section can be indirectly calculated.

Vehicle category Annual emission (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 Por Personal car 11,92 4,84 0,017 0,229

2004. Truck 1,63 1,68 0,023 0,347 Bus 0,3 0,37 0,007 0,086 Total emission 13,59 6,88 0,047 0,662 Vehicle category Daytime emissions (kg/h)

CO NOx SO2 PM Personal car 1,88 0,76 0,0027 0,036

2004. Truck 0,22 0,26 0,0036 0,055 Bus 0,05 0,06 0,0011 0,014 Total emission 2,14 1,08 0,0074 0,105 Vehicle category Annual emission (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 PM Personal car 13,21 5,36 0,019 0,254

2012. Truck 1,6 1,96 0,027 0,407 Bus 0,33 0,4 0,008 0,094 Total emission 15,2 7,72 0,053 0,755 Vehicle category Daytime emissions (kg/h)

NOx SO2 PM Personal car 2,08 0,84 0,003 0,04

2012. Truck 0,25 0,31 0,0042 0,064 Bus 0,05 0,063 0,0012 0,015 Total emission 2,38 1,217 0,0084 0,119

Vehicle category Annual emission extended by waste transportation activity (t/year)

CO NOx SO2 PM Personal car 13,21 5,36 0,019 0,254

2012. Truck 2,16 2,66 0,037 0,55 Bus 0,33 0,4 0,008 0,094 Total emission 15,7 8,42 0,064 0,898 Vehicle category Daytime emission extended by waste transportation activity (kg/h)

CO NOx SO2 PM

2012. Personal car 2,08 0,84 0,003 0,04 Truck 0,35 0,42 0,0058 0,086

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Bus 0,05 0,063 0,0012 0,015 Total emission 2,48 1,323 0,01 0,141 On the basis above it can stated that the NOx emission on the interconnecting road is only 4.80% of the emission of the estimated traffic in year 2012 on road 58.

7.3.2.5 Impact on Air Quality Polluting substances emitted into the ambient air in the course of the planned activities will get transported away, and during this transportation they get diluted and impose a load on the direct environment of the plant. Mostly diffuse point sources emerge at the plant.

7.3.2.6 Identification of the Impact Areas

Owing to the closed technology and the composition of the waste no load on air quality will have to be reckoned with. It can only be perceived locally, in direct neighbourhood of the hopper at the waste transfer station. Pursuant to Government Decree No. 21/2001 (II. 14.) in force and amended several times, the activity that has been pursued so far and is intended to be pursued can be classified into Annex 2, sub-section „A” of the applicable government decree (waste management activity exceeding 50 t/day capacity), therefore the minimum air protection zone requirement in a base case is 500 m. Due to change of technology, new polluting sources will be installed, all these investments will be based on the principle of the best available technology. In that case the competent inspectorate is entitled to prescribe a specific, less than 500 m protective zone in line with Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.).

7.3.3 Polluting Impact of the Waste Management Centre in Marcali on Air Quality 7.3.3.1 Emissions of Heating Origin Among the service facilities the one with a heating demand is the central office building to be built anew. The central building gives home to the social (sanitary) block, the balance housing and the administration offices. The heating of the central block will be performed by a 25 kW capacity boiler running on PB gas container. The air polluting sources listed in the section above are not under the scope of Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.).

125 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.3.3.2 Emission of Technological Origin Air Pollution Load from the mechanical-biological preparation facility A closed shredder does the shredding of waste fed into the hopper, therefore no dust emission can be expected. As part of the technology the drum screen and the baling machine have been equipped with a dust exhaust equipment, which is connected to a dust separator. The fraction remaining on the drum screen, cleaned from metals is separated by a jet conveyor to light and heavy fraction, and the fraction containing inorganic inert materials is disposed in the landfill. Disposal of the organic substance free fraction does not cause air pollution if cleaning is done daily.

7.3.3.3 Odour Emission In the course of activities accompanied by intensive odours (foul smell) BAT technology must be applied to avoid generating foul smell that disturbs the population. Technology is evaluated with attention to that, and we identify the units where during operation intensive odour emission can be expected.

Units of technology characterised by odour emission: − Reception are of the the Mechanical Preparation Facility − Pre-Stabiliser Hall: Stabilization Phase I

1) In the mechanical preparation facility mixed waste is shredded and classified (applied in case of both technologies). Since mixed waste contains degradable organic material, slight odour impact has to be reckoned with on the reception area. The instensity of the odour emitted depends on the phase of the degradation process, therefore its intensity can be significantly decreased by better work organisation. To decrease odour emission, waste delivered to the mechanical preparation unit is processed until the end of the shift the latest. If provisions applicable to processing are complied with, odour impact practically cannot affect external properties. Considering the solid geometric centre of the store, no odour impact can be expected within 100 m.

2) Following pre-treatment, the shredded and homogenous material is forwarded to the pre- stabilizer hall (Phase I.). In the first phase of stabilization, the pulp containing organic materials emits odour, which is due to the degradation, stabilisation processes. To mitigate

126 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

odour impact, an extraction system will be operated the hall that will forward the extracted air into a biofilter.

In the mechanical pre-treatment unit the heavy fraction free from degrading organic materials, and practically consisting of only inorganic materials will be transported to the landfill in the vicinity and disposal is not accompanied with odour impact.

7.3.3.4 Identification of the Impact Areas

Pursuant to Government Decree No. 21/2001 (II. 14.) in force and amended several times, the activity that has been pursued so far and is intended to be pursued can be classified into Annex 2, sub-section „A” of the applicable government decree (waste management activity exceeding 50 t/day capacity), therefore the minimum air protection zone requirement in a base case is 500 m. Due to change of technology, new polluting sources will be installed, all these investments will be based on the principle of the best available technology. In that case the competent inspectorate is entitled to prescribe a specific, less than 500 m protective zone in line with Government Decree 21/2001 (II. 14.).

7.3.4 Container Parks (CP) The container parks are in every respect in compliance with the principles of BAT technology. Owing to selective collection, container parks exercise no polluting impact whatsoever on air quality. Selective, closed collection of household chemicals of unpleasant odour and causing an odour load will prevent the occurrence of odour load, therefore container parks in practice do not generate an environmental load on the air component. As the number of vehicles arriving to the container park is small, it will not generate a perceivable air polluting substance increase.

7.3.5 Transfer Stations Waste transfer stations are intended to decrease the extra costs of transportation in collection districts where the waste treatment plant in terms of transportation is, in economic terms, located far from the settlements. Wastes delivered to the transfer stations is collected, and when larger quantity is collected it is forwarded to waste treatment facilities.

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The waste transportation trucks arriving to the transfer stations are all in compliance with the rules of law in force with regard to the technical and environmental requirements applicable to trucks. Trucks are equipped with EURO3 engines. Owing to the number of trucks arriving on site, the extra load arising from transportation will not generate an intolerable impact. The site is constructed in a way that prevents dust formation du to transport. By the watering and regular cleaning of the roads particulate matter load can be prevented.

7.3.6 Waste Collection Islands Air quality load of the selective waste collection islands can be fully prevented by proper frequency of trucks. Since the frequency of trucks is adjusted to the needs of the collection district, the activity will not pose any air quality impact on the environment.

7.4 Biosphere In case of this type of facilities, area occupation is a fundamental and significant active component. It is this active component in general that threatens most the preservation of environmental assets, as area occupation may put an end to these assets. In the present case, with the exception of Barcs, the planned facilities will be built on a currently operating landfill site, that is no further area occupation will occur there. The facilities that may cause an environmental load will be established on sites already having integrated environmental permit, which means that the competent Environment, Nature and Water Inspectorate examined the site earlier, found it suitable for waste landfilling and issued a permit for the pursuit of the activity. So it is expected that the transformation of the sites for less environment polluting activities (waste transfer station, composting facility) will improve and moderate the environmental impacts. In case of greenfield investment, planned facilities will be established on an area which was chatacterised by a similar activity accompanied by environmental load. The area in Barcs is a direct neighbour to the formerly closed down landfill.

128 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.4.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere The area in question and its environment is located in the small region called Baranyai Hills. In the neighbourhood of the landfill no nature conservation area, landscape protection district or area designated for nature conservation can be found. Considering the flora of this region, it is characterised by the Holarctic flora empire in the Pannon flora region, and it is to be found in the South Transdanubian Flora territory and within this, in the Mecsek flora district (hornbeam Austrian oak forests, lily-of-the-valley oak groves, alder groves along brook banks, arenicolous turf). Its flora is of sub-mediterranean type. In the environment of the landfill slightly impoverished Mecsek flora can be found. From among the 14 plant species charavteristic of this region, three are under protection. Lonicera caprifolium Primula vulgáris Hepatica nobilis The base fauna of the forested areas is identical with that of the hornbeam oak forests, while the bed of the brook with that of the bogs and groves. In the 10th year of the operation of the waste dumping site the vegetation of the environment was tested for heavy metals – although for other purposes (upper end of the Szilvás Brook). Test results of willow, elder, grass, alfalfa and dandelion show that measurement data are in line with the control values published in international literature. Considering the fauna of the region, it can be established that the fauna of the Baranyai Hills shows signs of transition between the fauna of the Mecsek and that of the Villany Mountains. The avifauna of the area is regularly surveyed by the Baranya county organisation of the Hungarian Association of Ornitology. It is known, on the basis of these surveys, that 1-4 merops apiaster (bee eater) were recorded, and in addition white stork, buzzard, hawk and marsh harrier have also appeared on the territory. After 10 years operation of the municipal landfill site, geological analyses were conducted in the environment of the landfill. In a depth of 0-0,5 m , at different distances from the landfill:

∼ In the Szilvási watercourse valley ∼ In the vicinity of the Csontos farmstead ∼ On the area of the Ott manor ∼ On the area of the Nádorligeti manor

129 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

The analyses have concluded that iron content of the soil is very high in the environment of the Szilvási watercourse and the Csontos farmstead, which is directly linked to the original iron content of the soil, that is, it is of geological origin.

Phase of Implementation Since the investment is going to be established on an existing site currently used for waste management purposes, there will be no new area occupation, therefore impact on the biosphere can only come from air pollution detailed above or noise load. The investment area does not belong to protected areas, and due to its characteristics, no protected plant or animal associations can be found there. The noise and air load generated there practically do not prevail outside the protective zone. For that reason, our examination is limited to the extra load on the workers working on the direct impact area.

During construction work wearing the proper protective clothes is mandatory, work machines are in compliance with the safety and health requirements. During construction and operation the effective safety and health prescriptions must be complied with at all times. • Act 93 of 1993 on labour protection and the amending act 11 of 2004,

• Decree 2/2002. (II. 7.) SZCSM on requirements against personal protective equipment and on the certification of their conformity,

• Decree 13/2004. (IV. 19.) FMM on the detailed rules of designating the organisations for testing, certifying and inspecting the conformity of the personal protective equipment and on the notification to the European Commission and the Member States of the European Union, as well on the administration service charge payable for the designation procedure.

• Decree 65/1999. (II. 22.) EüM on the minimum safety and health requirements applicable to the use of personal protective equipment by employees at work,

• Act 78 of 1997 on the shaping and protection of the built environment,

• Decree 44/2000. (II. 27.) EüM on the detailed rules of certain procedures and activities relating to hazardous substances and hazardous preparations,

• Joint Decree 4/2002. (II. 20.) SzCsM-EüM on the minimum safety and health requirements to be implemented at construction work places and construction processes,

130 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

• Decree 2/1998. (I. 16.) MüM on the safety and health marks to be applied at workplaces,

• Decree 14/2004. (IV. 19.) FMM on the minimum level of safety and health requirements of labour tools and their use,

• Decree 21/1998. (IV. 17.) IKIM on the safety requirements of machines and the certification of their conformity.

In order to fulfil the obligation contained in Section 54 (2) of the Act on Labour Protection (Mvt) the employer shall carry out, at all work places, an assessment of risks posing hazard to the safety and health of workers, and document it.

Risk assessment is the most general, preventive, labour safety type of task of the employer that creates the foundation for further measures. In essence he has to commence and pursue all his activities on the basis of that.

Safety and health specialist activity is a legal category, only staff with the health and safety qualification can pursue the given task. The Act qualifies the completion of the risk assessment as a safety and health specialist activity.

In the course of construction the following must be considered:

• Rules to Prevent and Protect against Construction Industry Accidents

• Rules to Prevent and Protect against Water Accidents

• Requirements of the applicable chapters of the Rules to Prevent and Protect against Construction Industry Accidents.

In addition to the safety technology requirements enlisted above the following have to be considered:

• Built in materials belong to non-flammable or heavily flammable materials;

• Free transport roads cannot even temporarily be blocked;

• Employees working on the work area must receive health and safety training;

Maintenance and repair of electric equipment can be performed only in a condition switched off from power, and by a specialist entitled to do it.

131 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

In the course of arranging the landfill body, an occurrence of critical quantity methane gas does not have to be reckoned with from fire protection and accident protection point of view.

In the course of construction, the requirements laid down in Decree 16/2002 (IV.10.) EüM have to be fully complied with.

Phase of Operation: The landfill that has been operating since 1982 is located in between arable land and small gardens, and it is surrounded by acacia forest and planted protective forest. The establishment of the waste treatment center also implies the construction of new waste treatment facilities, but these will be built up on the territory of the existing, operating landfill. Compared to the current state, the operation of the waste treatment center is not expected to cause any ecological changes. With attention to human health, social and economic impacts, it can be stated also that the complex waste treatment center creates new jobs, provides a modern and environmentally friendly waste management option positive for public health for 313 settlements, thus promoting sustainable development for the present and future generations. In all other respects what has been described in the phase of construction will have to be considered.

7.4.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere The waste treatment centre in Barcs will be implemented as a green field investment project. The area affected by area occupation used to be almost entirely an arable land. The fallow land was abandoned from cultivation, weed associations can be found on it now. The well- known weed causing allergy, the ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is available there in a large stock. On the arable land no remnants of natural habitats can be found. With regard to the landscape the planned site is located on an open area, on the target area and in its vicinity no individual component of landscape value can be found. On the area affected by the investment project, the multifunctionality of the soil will cease to exist, the landscaped parts will be an exception. Species diversity will decrease, but at the same time, new plant species will be planted on the landscaped areas, which will increase diversity in contrast with primary weed associations. During the investment project new buildings and related transport roads will be built. The new transport roads and paved areas with their area occupation will decrease biological activity to a minimum, but considering the current state of the area it does not cause an intolerable impact.

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The close to nature habitats of the area will not be affected by the planned investment and operation, but in the impact area both the forest cultivation area, as well as the agricultural areas are included. If the rules of operation are complied with, the ecological systems currently active in the impact area will not be harmed. No habitats damage has to be reckoned with outside the site, inlcuding even the most sensitive one, the forest east of the site. In the vicinity of the site there are no protected habitats or habitats planned to be brought under nature protection at such a short distance where the impact area could be extended to. The areas with nature protection function are at such a distance from the site - the closest one is the National Park area at the remnants of the dead channel – that neither the investment project nor the operation will have any direct impact on them. No indirect impact can prevail through other environmental components either, first, because of the interim residential areas, second, the impact spread direction is different, third, beause of the decreasing impacts. Change in the landscape, however, is rather striking in principle, as from an agricultural area it will be converted into an industrial area, but in the given region it is not foreign. The planting of trees will cover all that, as a result the plant will not be a landscape disturbing component. With regard to impact on humans it has to be dealt with as described in the previous chapter.

7.4.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Biosphere The Marcali Waste Treatment Centre will be established in the direct neighbourhood of the currently operating hazardous and non-hazardous landfill. Originally it is established as a green field investment of U4 classification. It is an area mostly covered by ruin soil. The trees planted on the site are willows (Salix spp.), albor vitea (Thuja occidentalis), silver fir (Picea pungens). Among birds, black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) appears in large numbers from spring to autumn, hooded crow (Corvus corone cornix) and house-sparrow (Passer domesticus) are there during the whole year. When walking around the site we also saw white stork (Ciconia ciconia) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo) as well. South of the waste treatment plant, yearling arable cultures of intensive cultivation can be found. Chemicals are applied there on a schedule, therefore on that area only species resistant to the applied chemicals can survive. West of the plant multiannual arable plant cultures can be found. This area is a feeding place for roes, common buzzard, barn swallow, and for the field lark it is also a nestling place. East, south, south-west and west of the site

133 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary hornbeam oak forests can be found. These are high forests of good growth, sub-mountainous, broad-leaved forests often with double foliage level. Schrub level is significant only in the half-damp valley bottom. Its lawn level is mostly rich, also rich in species, with developed spring time aspect. On the area in question the frequent tree species is the Austrian oak (Quercus robur), probably replanted. These forests are part of the ecological network determined by Act 26 of 2003 on the national plan for territorial planning. At the same time, the forests south-east, south-west and west of the landfill are planned to be brought under protection. In the prolongation of forest area acacia forests can be found. Non-mixed, plantation like stocks whose lawn level mostly consists of nitro-fiton species. The crown level is enclosed, the shrub level is often missing. The undergrowth is generally poor in species. Worthless stocks from nature conservation point of view.

The landfill is lined with rows of trees decreasing thereby the potential of transportation by the wind and landscape damage. Shrub level is rarely planted, this gives way to indigenous species to emerge spontaneously. On lawn level poor in species mostly ubiquitous species emerge, ruderal plants recede from the surrounding agricultural cultivation and urbanised areas. The current impact of the landfill can be studied at the eastern forest block. Since the area used to be an arable land and the landfill was insulated, no polluting substance could get into the environment, except to a minimum extent. The landfill and its impact area does not affect protected or sensitive area.

7.4.4 Transfer Stations The establishment of the transfer stations does not impose an intolerable impact on the biosphere.

7.4.5 Container Parks (CP) Container parks will be established on built up areas. They will be fenced, with modern built up in line with the standards. Their impact on biosphere is practically negligible. By adjusting them into the proper environment, not even the landscape damaging effect will prevail significantly.

134 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.4.6 Selective Waste Collection Islands Selective waste collection islands will be set up at designated places in residential areas. Therefore their impact on the biosphere will not be effectual.

7.5 Landscape and Built Environment 7.5.1 Impact of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment The landfill is located south of the city of Pécs, in Hideg Valley situated in between Kökény and Szilvás villages. In its current state the site is bordered in the west by forest, in the north the entrance of the site can be found, in the south a forest, while in the east arable land and lawn border the site.

Distance of protected buildings form the landfill center: North: Kökény settlement at a distance of 1200 m West: Territory of Szentpál puszta at a distance of 1000 m South: Szilvás settlement at a distance of 1,400 m;

The waste treatment centre has pursued waste treatment activity so far. Owing to the planned investment, further arrangements are expected on the territory, which will be favourable for landscape aesthetic aspects. The area is surrounded by a protective forest, it is not visible directly from any direction, its adaptation into the landscape has been solved.

7.5.2 Impact of the Barcs Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment The Barcs Waste Management Centre will be constructed in the area assigned by the Local Municipality of Barcs, next to the landfill formerly closed down (0479/2). In the north, south and west it is surrounded by arable land, in the east by a forest. The waste treatment centre will be built in accordance with the best available technology, amidst settled circumstances. The adaptation of the site into the landscape will be done by planting protective trees and by landscaping.

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7.5.3 Impact of the Marcali Regional Waste Treatment Centre on the Landscape and Built Environment The planned activity is located in Somogy county in the outskirts of the town of Marcali, in western-to-south-western direction from it, in a distance of about 2,700 m, and in a distance of 1,800 m from Horvátkút, along public road No. 6805 leading to Marcali - Nemesvid, to the south from it. The plant is located on plot of topographical lot No. 097/1 next to the non- hazardous waste landfill of Marcali. The property with top. lot. No. 097 is owned by a company, Rumpold-Marcali Kereskedelmi és Szolgáltató Kft., it is registered as a dump site, 2 agricultural area, lawn cultivation area of 284776 m . Its Uniform National Grid (EOV) System co-ordinates are Y: 520,700; X: 137,100. The facility is accessible from a road of solid pavement exiting from the public road to Marcali-Nemesvíd. The waste treatment plant will be established next to the currently operating municipal and hazardous waste landfill site operated by Rumpold-Marcali Kft., therefore the type of utilisation of the area will not change. Owing to the development, landscaping and planting of trees the overall landscape of the area will improve from landscape aesthetic aspect, it will not damage the surrounding built components, what is more, the arrangement will have a positive effect.

7.5.4 Transfer Stations, Container Parks and Selective Collection Islands Transfer stations and container parks are established in an arranged manner, they are fenced and landscaped. They can be adjusted into the landscape by planting trees and landscaping and by buildings built according to the best available technology, as a result, their impact on the built environment will be tolerable, or the benefits generated by them will counterbalance the eventual aesthetic disadvantages. Effort were made to locate selective colletion islands so that they cause the least possible damage to the landscape and are adjusted into the environment in the best possible way.

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7.6 Noise and Vibration Requirements on environmental noise and vibration protection is regulated by Decree 12/1983 (V.12.) Mt. sz. amended several times. The decree provides that noise and vibration exceeding the limit value caused by a noise and vibration source shall be gradually decreased. Permitted noise and vibration load limit values depending on the area function are contained in Joint Decree 8/2002 (III. 22.) KöM-EüM. Annex of the Decree contains the permitted noise values emitted by plant facilities.

7.6.1 Noise and Vibration Pollution by the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre The site is accessible from main road 58 on a road of solid pavement exiting from the public road. The immediate neighbourhood of the landfill is a characteristically agricultural area. Distance from areas and buildings under protection against noise is the following in the different directions: Distance of protected buildings from the landfill center: • North: Kökény settlement at a distance of 1200 m; • West: Territory of Szentpál puszta at a distance of 1000 m • South: Szilvás settlement at a distance of 1,400 m;

7.6.1.1 Impact of Closing the Landfill Area Preparations for the recultivation of Phase I of the landfill have been made. Total recultivation of Phase I will take place together with the the recultivation of Phase II/A. Recultivation of landfills is not part of the present project, therefore it will be discussed in the work titled “Environmental Impacts of the Recultivation of Landfills”.

7.6.1.2 Expected Emission During Operation of the Waste Treatment Centre, Environmental Noise Emission of the Technology and Its Impact Area When estimating the noise level of the different units at the point of evaluation, in case of the technology to be licensed, only noise attenuation due to the distance was considered in order to eliminate potential calculation errors.

137 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

1) Establishment of a New Landfill Establishment of Phase II/B of the waste landfill will take place simultaneously with the establishment of the waste treatment centre. The basic and derived data of noise components used in the analysis of the environmental noise impacts generated during the establishment of the new landfill area are partly based on measurements, and partly they are technical literature data. Since noise sources (…, front-end loader, compacting machine, dump trucks, trucks) may occur in principle at any point of the area, the resulting noise performance level is presumed to be evenly distributed on the area. The equivalent A– sound pressure level on the closest area under protection at a distance of 400 m will be as follows:

Noise source Lw (dB) -20lg r400 (dB) -8 (dB) Δki (dB) t1 (h) LAeq (dB)

Bulldozer 95 -52 -8 3 6 37

Front-end loader 96 -52 -8 3 6 38

Compacting machine 91 -52 -8 3 4 34

Trucks 92 -52 -8 3 4 32

Resulting LAM : 42

Considering the fact that the base noise identified during base state analyses was between 41- 42 dB, it can be established that the noise impacts accompanying landscaping will not be perceivable independent of the base noise. No public road transportation will be linked to area arrangement works, because the materials produced will be disposed on the area of the investment project.

Material Recyclinbg Facility (MRF) In case of MRF, the expected noise level at the point of evaluation (Ott manor at a distance of 400 m) is as follows:

Internal average sound pressure level: LpA = 91 dB

Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 31 dB evaluation:

Noise level expected at point of LAM = 39 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

138 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

2) Mechanical Preparation Facility:

− Jet conveyor 95 dB

− Drum screen 85 dB

− Magnetic separator 85 dB

− Grab Crane 87 dB − Shredder 94 dB − Baling machine 85 dB

Internal average sound pressure level: LpA = 98,52 dB Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 31 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

Noise emission of reception area LpA = 94 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMf = 42 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

3) Pre-Stabilisation

− Front-end loader 87 dB − Compost rotating machine 76 dB − Air extracting ventillator 74 dB

Internal average sound pressure level: LpA = 87,52 dB Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 35 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

4) Stabilisation

− Front-end loader 87 dB − Compost rotating machine 76 dB − Drum screen 85 dB

Internal average sound pressure level: LpA = 89,33 dB Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 37 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

139 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

5) Composting

− Rotating machine 76 dB − Drum screen 85 dB − Shredder 94 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMk = 42 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

6) Bale store area

− Loading machine 87 dB − Trolley 83 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMbt = 36 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

7.6.1.3 Noise caused by vehicle traffic on plant area Calculation of noise originating from the vehicle traffic of the planned facility was made by considering the vehicles included in the technological data supply. Wastes will be delivered to the waste treatment centre by the following types of vehicles: − Vehicles equipped with EURO-3 engine, with dust-free, compacting structure − Vehicles equipped with EURO-3 engine, 5-32 m3 containers and press-containers − Semi-trailer heavy truck equipped with EURO-3 engine

Movement of packaged waste bales within the site is done by trolleys, delivery off site is done by trucks.

Calculation were done by using measurement results in other plants (transit noise level LAX). Average noise levels considered in the calculations at a distance of 7,5 m, at an average speed of 30 km/h, during 10 s transit or loading time:

− Truck with container LAX = 87 dB

− Truck with compactor LAX = 87 dB

− Semi-trailer truck: LAX = 85 dB

− Trolley LAX = 79 dB

− Loading machine LAX = 96 dB

Distance of the place examined: 400 m

140 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Noise emission of transportation, evaluated for 8 hours, with 4 hours’ operation time, in case of trolley 8 hours’ operation time considered, also considering 52 dB attenuating impact of the distance and 3 dB reflection correction:

LAM = 37,5 Transportation will be done only during daytime (600 - 2200), during night time no transportation will be done.

7.6.1.4 Limit Values Applicable to Operation Permitted noise emission limit values in Annex 1 of Joint Decree 8/2002. (XII. 22.) KöM- EüM: Garden city, village type built up residential areas:

LTH daytime= 50 dB LTH night time= 40 dB The permitted emission limit value cannot be higher than 70 dB irrespective of the type of area and the location of the establishments under protection.

141 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.6.1.5 Qualification of the Expected Noise Emission of the Planned Facility A summary of the comparison of the noise emission limit values and the noise emission of the planned technology is given in the following table:

LAM LAM night Limit value daytime dB time dB

Unit New New LTH LTH night technology technology daytime time Container park 39 - 50 40 Mechanical 31 - 50 40 Preparation Facility Reception area of 42 - 50 40 the Mechanical Preparation Facility Gas engine 45 45 50 40 Pre-Stabilisation 35 - 50 40 Unit Stabilisation Unit 37 - 50 40 Composting 42 - 50 40 Facility Bale store 36 - 50 40 Outdoor loading 37,5 - 50 40 Resulting noise 49,5 45 50 40 emission

The data included in the table are calculated data, where only distance was considered as a correction, noise attenuation factor (-52 dB). In case the attenuating effect of buildings, landscape components, vegetation, etc. are also considered, the values given are decreased. Thus, in case of the gas engine, if the noise decreasing impact of the building including the engine is considered, the A-sound pressure level perceivable at the evaluation point will not be higher than 40 dB. If the noise spread preventing characteristics of the protective forest surrounding the site, the buildings on site, etc. are considered, the value given will be lower than the limit value provided.

On the basis of what has been described above it can be stated that the new planned investment from noise and vibration point of view can be implemented on the area in question.

142 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

7.6.1.6 Transport Noise of Public Roads

The waste treatment center in Kökény is accessible from main road 58. The average daily rounds arriving to the Centre can be estimated as follows (considering 300 collection days per year): − Total waste transport: 75 rounds/day (68 rounds/day from the north, 7 rounds/day from the south) − Total waste transport off site: 21 rounds/day (9 rounds/day to the north, 12 rounds/day to the south) − Other transport: 5 rounds/day Public road transport in relation with the operation will be carried out on main road 58, which is the connecting road between the site and the public road system. No establishments under protection along the 3 km long interconnecting road connecting the area of the investment project and the main public road can be found. Knowing the transport data, the level of public road transport noise was determined on the basis of the Technical Forecast ÚT2-1.302. Findings of the analysis divided for transport into northern and southern direction are shown in the tables below:

Direction North: Acoustic vehicle category Vehicle traffic daytime Vehicle traffic night time (v/day) (v/day) Vehicle category 1 35 - Vehicle category 2 23 - Vehicle category 3 54+5 -

Vehicle Reference level KD LAeq(7,5) (dB) category Kt daytime Night G Kt corr. daytime Night time time I. 73,5 -23,8 - 70,0 73,5 49,7 - II. 77,8 -25,5 - 73,8 77,8 52,3 - III. 81,7 -21,5 - 76,5 81,7 60,2 - Resulting Emission 61,2 -

143 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Direction South: Acoustic vehicle category Vehicle traffic daytime Vehicle traffic daytime (v/day) (v/day) Vehicle category 1 15 - Vehicle category 2 6 - Vehicle category 3 13 -

Vehicle Reference level KD LAeq(7,5) (dB) category Kt daytime Night G Kt corr. daytime Night time time I. 73,5 -27,3 - 70,0 73,5 42,2 - II. 77,8 -30,3 - 73,8 77,8 47,5 - III. 81,7 -25,5 - 76,5 81,7 53,2 - Resulting Emission 54,9 -

The rate of noise emission arising from the expected traffic on public roads in year 2012 has already been defined in a former application for IPPC permit. In our analysis these results have been used, the findings of which are as follows:

Joint noise emission at 7.5 m reference distance: Direction North: Mainroad 58 2012.

LAeq 7,5 daytime (dB) LAeq 7,5 night time (dB)

LAeq 7,5 without transport 68,1 61,6

LAeq 7,5 with transport 68,9 61,6 Increase 0,8 0

Direction South: Mainroad 58 2012.

LAeq 7,5 daytime (dB) LAeq 7,5 night time (dB)

LAeq 7,5 without transport 68,1 61,6

LAeq 7,5 with transport 68,3 61,6 Increase 0,2 0

On the basis of the analyses it can be established that the operation related traffic does not increase the rate of noise pollution – including both public road transport and transportation traffic noise pollution - compared to the base state neither in case of transport into direction north, nor in case of transport into direction south. Since vehicle traffic rate will not change due to the technology, thus the above statement is a true in that case as well.

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7.6.1.7 Identification of the impact area Designation of the impact area from noise and vibration point of view is made with attention to the technologies, equipment used during construction and operation, the environmental noise and vibration sources and the situation of the areas under noise and vibration protection compared to each other. Areas loaded by the noise and vibration generated by activities pursued in the frame of the planned investment project are the ones that are used for permanent, temporary or transitional stay of humans. Direct impact area: Area, where the investment project causes noise load or change in noise load. Indirect impact area: Area, where ancillary activities related to the planned investment (e.g. additional vehicle traffic) cause noise load or change in noise load. To determine the size of the direct impact area the distance is studied where at the time of the base condition study (e.g. application for IPPC permit) the environmental base noise was 42 dB. This value can be identified at a distance of 100 m measured from the border of the site plot. This is the distance that can be considered the direct impact area. Related to the planned investment project, wastes will be transported on main road 58 and then on the 3 km long interconnecting road. + It can be established that the traffic ratio of transport pursued in relation with the site compared to the traffic along main road 58 cannot be considered an extra load which would change noise load along this public road. The above statements are true both for the technology already permitted as well as for the technology that is subject of the present document.

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7.6.2 Noise and Vibration Pollution by the Waste Management Centre in Barcs Resolution No. 15/2002. (IX. 27.) on the Local Building Code adopted by the Board of Representatives of the Municipality of Barcs states that the area to be used for the investment project (H) is a waste landfill site as long as its environment is not classified as agricultural cultivation area (M) intended for building up. The function of the inner area at a distance of 800 m is FL, that is village residential area. To determine the current noise conditions of the area affected by the investment and its environment, measurements have been made. The following table shows the results of the measurements:

Mark of Nature of Narrow band nature LAB measurement Equivalent “A”-level Base noise noise impulse of noise dB point

LAeq K1 Lmax K2 Lterc K3 T (h) LAa dB dB dB dB dB dB dB M11 44,5 8 44,5 - - - - - X M21 42,8 8 42,8 - - - - - X M31 42,1 8 42,1 - - - - - X M41 44,1 8 44,1 - - - - - X

On the basis of the analyses it can be stated that the noise condition of the area affected by the investment project is favourable. The noise emitted by the landfilling activity partly pursued at present on the site cannot be perceived at the residential area at a distance of about 800 m. At the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre a container park, a transfer station, and a container park will be established.

1) Container park (MRF) In case of MRF, the expected noise level at the point of evaluation (residential area at a distance of 800 m) is as follows: Internal average sound pressure level: LpA= 91 dB

Spread attenuation: 58 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAM = 33 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

146 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

2) Container Park The container park in fact has no noise source of its own. The only noise factor is the noise generated by the incoming vehicles, which is discussed in the section on noise sources of transport origin.

3) Transfer Station At transfer stations the only source of noise is the operation of compacting equipment (internal sound pressure level about 91dB). At transfer stations no measurements have been made. Compared to the sound pressure decrease at the other facilities and with attention to the noise attenuating effect of the buildings, vegetation and terrain it can be established that no intolerable noise and vibration load is caused at the border of the prescribed protective zone and it does not have any impact on the establishments under protection. The noise generated by the incoming vehicles is discussed in the section on noise sources of transport origin.

7.6.2.1 Noise caused by vehicle traffic on plant area Calculation of noise originating from the vehicle traffic of the planned facility was made by considering the vehicles included in the technological data supply. With respect to noise impacts the same applies as was described in case of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre.

7.6.2.2 Limit Values Applicable to Operation Permitted noise emission limit values in Annex 1 of Joint Decree 8/2002. (XII. 22.) KöM- EüM: Garden city, village type built up residential areas:

LTH daytime= 50 dB LTH night time= 40 dB The permitted emission limit value cannot be higher than 70 dB irrespective of the type of area and the location of the establishments under protection.

7.6.2.3 Transport Noise of Public Roads

The waste treatment center in Barcs is accessible from main road 6. The average daily rounds arriving to the Centre can be estimated as follows (considering 300 collection days per year):

147 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

− Total daily rounds: 18 rounds/day Public road transport in relation with the operation will be carried out on main road 6, which is the connecting road between the site and the public road system. Knowing the transport data, the level of public road transport noise was determined on the basis of the Technical Forecast ÚT2-1.302.

148 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Acoustic vehicle category Vehicle traffic daytime Vehicle traffic night time (v/day) (v/day) Vehicle category 1 8 - Vehicle category 2 4 - Vehicle category 3 6 -

Vehicle Reference level KD LAeq(7,5) (dB) category Kt daytime Night G Kt corr. daytime Night time time I. 73,5 -27,3 - 70,0 73,5 42,2 - II. 77,8 -30,3 - 73,8 77,8 47,5 - III. 81,7 -25,5 - 76,5 81,7 53,2 - Resulting Emission 54,9 -

On the basis of the analyses it can be established that the operation related traffic does not increase the rate of noise pollution – including both public road transport and transportation traffic noise pollution - compared to the base state. Since vehicle traffic rate will not change due to the technology, thus the above statement is a true in that case as well.

7.6.2.4 Identification of the impact area Designation of the impact area from noise and vibration point of view is made with attention to the technologies, equipment used during construction and operation, the environmental noise and vibration sources and the situation of the areas under noise and vibration protection compared to each other. Areas loaded by the noise and vibration generated by activities pursued in the frame of the planned investment project are the ones that are used for permanent, temporary or transitional stay of humans. Direct impact area: Area, where the investment project causes noise load or change in noise load. Indirect impact area: Area, where ancillary activities related to the planned investment (e.g. additional vehicle traffic) cause noise load or change in noise load. To determine the size of the direct impact area, the 100 meter distance from the border of the site plot was considered relevant. This is the distance that can be considered the direct impact area.

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7.6.3 Noise Impact of the Marcali Waste Treatment Centre The planned activity is located in Somogy county in the outskirts of the town of Marcali, in western-to-south-western direction from it, in a distance of about 2,700 m, and in a distance of 1,800 m from Horvátkút, along public road No. 6805 leading to Marcali - Nemesvid, to the south from it.

1) Mechanical Preparation Facility

− Jet conveyor 95 dB − Drum screen 85 dB − Magnetic separator 85 dB − Grab Crane 87 dB − Shredder 94 dB − Baling machine 85 dB Internal average sound pressure level: LpA= 98.52 dB Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 31 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

Noise emission of reception area LpA= 94 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMf = 42 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

2) Stabilisation

− Front-end loader 87 dB − Compost rotating machine 76 dB − Drum screen 85 dB

Internal average sound pressure level: LpA= 89.33 dB Spread attenuation: 52 dB

Noise level expected at point of LAMv = 37 dB evaluation (considering only spread attenuation):

In accordance with Annex 1 of Decree 8/2002. (XII. 22.) KöM-EüM the limit value for noise from operation is 60 dB at daytime on the site, since no establishment under protection can be

150 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary found within 100 m distance. At farmstead buildings the limit value is 50 dB, at the border of the plot 70 dB. Work is being done only at daytime.

Joint noise emission of the working machines: 95,6 dB Due to the nature of the sources, in our calculation corrections because of the directional factor and the radiation angle of the noise source were not considered (Kir, KΩ értéke 0). The land between the waste treatment plant and the residential areas is arable land, the crops grown there influence the spread of the noise only to a small extent, that is the value of Kn included in the standard is 0. The noise attenuating effect of buildings and other noise screening structures, sound radiating surfaces was not considered to make a mistake in favour of safety (KB, KR, Ke értéke 0). 0 The absorption capacity of air (KL) at 500 Hz, 10 C degree and 70 % humidity is 1.93 dB/km. Soil and meteorological conditions also influence noise load. The attenuating effect of soil and meteorological conditions is defined by using the following formula:

Km= (4,8-2hm/st(17+300/st) Where:

Hm= medium spread height above the ground of the spread path= 1m Correction because of the distance to the closest residential building

Kd=20lg (st/s0)+11 Where:

St= distance of perception (m)

S0= reference distance = 1 m On the basis of the formula, the distance where the limit value is fulfilled:

Distance Limit Value 16,2 m 60 dB 36,2 m 50 dB

The sound shield effect of the wall of the facility is min. 30 dB, therefore the noise of the operating equipment in the mechanical preparation hall exercises a minimum impact on the environment and on the other equipment causing noise load.

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7.6.3.1 Noise generated by Waste Transportation Transport vehicles always take road 6805, and then exiting this road they drive unto the smaller interconnecting road leading to the waste treatment plant. Transportation is done by the following truck types: − EURO 3 (16-20 m3), dust free trucks with a compactor − EURO 3 container trucks (for the transport of 5-32 m3 containers) − EURO3 semi-tariler heavy trucks

On the basis of the waste quantity generated the expected number of rounds was calculated, which is as follows:

No. of rounds to the site ƒ Non-hazardous waste: 8 rounds/day (16 passage through) This is all total 8 rounds/day (16 passage through)

No. of rounds from the site ƒ Other transport: 4 rounds/day ƒ Metals for recovery 1 round/week This is max. 5 rounds/day (10 passage through) The max. traffic generated by transportation is 13 rounds/day (26 passage through).

The transportation data of the facility owned by the Saubermacher – Marcali Kft, which is currently operating the studied site are also available. At present the number of rounds to the site are as follows: − Non-hazardous (municipal) waste 10 rounds/day (20 passage through) − Hazardous waste 4 rounds/day (8 passage through) This is all total 14 rounds/day (28 passage through) The data above show that after the construction of the new facilities the number of transportation rounds will be identical in practice with the current ones.

Calculations have been made for the section of road 6805 related to the landfill and for the interconnecting road. The total traffic of the interconnecting road is given by the transport trucks, that is, the base traffic is zero.

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Noise load arising from traffic growth has been calculated in accordance with the vehicle categories and calculation method established in Instruction ÚT 2-1.302. Transportation is pursued parallel with operation activity, only during daytime.

Traffic vehicle categories: Name of vehicle category Acoustic vehicle Marking, C ÚT 2-1.109 category 4 Light truck II. 5 Solo heavy duty truck III. 6 Truck train III.

On the basis of traffic count data, traffic increase caused is the following:

1. Interconnecting road Average Current Increased Marking, Name of vehicle category traffic traffic traffic C ÚT 2-1.109 Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Vehicle/day 4 Light truck 0 5 Solo heavy duty truck 0 28 32 6 Truck train 0

2. Road 6805 Average Current Increased Marking, Name of vehicle category traffic traffic traffic C ÚT 2-1.109 Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Personal vehicle and pick-up 1259 1 1259 1259 truck 2 Solo bus 26 26 26 3 Articulated bus 0 0 0 4 Light truck 75 75 75 5 Solo heavy duty truck 24 44 48 6 Truck train 51 59 59 Motorcycle and 35 7 35 35 moped/minimotor Total 1470 1498 1502

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On tha basis of the above the acoustic vehicle categories look as follows: 1. Interconnecting road Acoustic vehicle Current traffic Increased traffic category Vehicle/day Vehicle/day III. 28 32

2. Road 6805 Acoustic vehicle Average traffic Current traffic Increased traffic category Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Vehicle/day III. 75 103 107

Annual average hours of daytime traffic pertaining to the individual acoustic vehicle categories:

Q1n = A1n * ÁNF1 / 16

Q2n = A2n * (ÁNF2 + ÁNF4 + ÁNF7) / 16

Q3n = A3n * (ÁNF3 + ÁNF5 + ÁNF6) / 16

Since the given section of the road belongs to the “other road of two lanes” category, for that reason:

A1n = 0,91 A2n = 0,91 A3n = 0,90

By reason of that: 1. Interconnecting road Acoustic vehicle Average traffic Current traffic Increased traffic category Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Vehicle/day III. 0,00 1,58 1,80

2. Road 6805 Acoustic vehicle Average traffic Current traffic Increased traffic category Vehicle/day Vehicle/day Vehicle/day III. 4,22 5,79 6,02

Calculation of the reference equivalent “A” sound pressure level. The relevant speed outside residential area v= 90 km/h, on residential area v= 50 km/h for all vehicle categories.

1. Interconnecting road

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K t K L K K L K K L (d D Aeq t D Aeq t D Aeq Acoustic vehicle (dB) (7,5) (dB) (dB) (7,5) (dB) (dB) (7,5) category B) average current With traffic increase III 0 0 0 86 -31,3 50,4 86 -30,7 51,0

LAeq(7,5) Base noise 50,4 dB 51,0 dB

2. Road 6805, v= 90 km/h Kt KD LAeq Kt KD LAeq Kt KD LAeq Acoustic vehicle (dB) (dB) (7,5) (dB) (dB) (7,5) (dB) (dB) (7,5) category average current With traffic increase III 86 -29,6 56,4 86 -28,2 57,8 86 -28,0 58,0

LAeq(7,5) 63,13 dB 63,46 dB 63,51 dB v= 50 km/h K K K L K K L t K L t D Aeq t D Aeq (dB D Aeq Acoustic vehicle (dB) (dB) (7,5) (dB) (dB) (7,5) (dB) (7,5) category ) average current With traffic increase III 81,7 -27,0 54,7 81,7 -25,7 56,0 81,7 -25,5 56,2

LAeq(7,5) 61,00 dB 61,36 dB 61,41 dB

When calculating the noise load of transportation only noise attenuation due to the distance was considered, the shading effect of the terrain, soil, etc. was not considered. And we did not consider the correction due to the unevenness of the road pavement, sound reflection and vegetation zone either. Calculations show that traffic increase due to transportation will not cause significant noise load increase. In accordance with Annex 3 of Joint Decree 8/2002. (XII. 22.) KöM-EüM the limit value for noise from traffic along the roads on areas under protection against noise is 65 dB at daytime. The noise arising from traffic increase on the interconnecting road and road 6805 will remain under the given limit value in the reference range.

Determination of the impact area of the acitivity

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LAeq(limit value) = LAeq(7,5) + Kd

Kd = 12,5 lg 7,5/d Distance expressed from the formula: d= Kd7,5/10 /12,5

Noise [dB] Impact area Closest residential emerging 2 m Road [m] building [m] ahead of the facade under protection Interconnecting road 0,57 - - Nemesvid 3,87 6 64,82 Residential area Road 6805 5,70 - - Marcali 3,87 9 61,78 Residential area

On the interconnecting road, base noise is perceivable without landfill traffic. Using the current traffic data of the landfill, noise load is 50.4 dB, which is going to change from 50.4 dB to 51.0 dB-re owing to the traffic increase caused by the transportations from the new facilities. Noise load from total traffic will remain under the limit value stipulated by the Decree within the reference distance (7.5 m). Impact area measured from the axis of the road: 0.57 m

On the given section of road 6805, noise load outside the residential area, without landfill traffic, is 63.13 dB, if the current traffic data of the landfill is included it is 63.46 dB, which is going to change from 63.46 dB to 63.51 dB-re owing to the traffic increase caused by the transportations from the new facilities. On residential area, not including landfill traffic, noise load is 61.00 dB, if the current traffic data of the landfill is included it is 61.36 dB, which is going to change from 61.36 dB to 61.41 dB-re owing to the traffic increase caused by the transportations from the new facilities. Noise load from total traffic will remain under the limit value stipulated by the Decree within the reference distance (7.5 m) in both cases. Impact area measured from the axis of the road outside residential area: 5.70 m, on residential area 3.87 m. This distance does not exceed the cross section of the road.

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Noise at a distance of 2 m from the closest residential building on the inner area of Nemesvid: 64.82 dB, on he inner area of Marcali 61.48 dB. Noise load from traffic will remain under the limit value stipulated by the Decree.

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7.7 Extraordinary Events Extraordinary events can be classified into two groups. In the first group we find natural disasters, in the second non-natural disasters. In case of the Pécs-Kökény Regional Waste Treatment Centre, the Marcali Waste Treatment Centre and the Barcs Waste Treatment Centre and the waste transfer stations the following extraordinary events can be reckoned with.

7.7.1 Protection Against Natural Disasters, Elemental Calamities Wind-Storm • Prevention of dust generation, regular cleaning of road pavement • Preservation of the condition of buildings, review and repair of the condition of roof structure • Proper cover of wastes stored on unenclosed ground

Heavy rains, thunderstorm • Establishment of rainwater collection system of appropriate size • Maintenance of rainwater drainage system

Stroke of Lightning, Electrostatic Recharge • Installation of lightning protection for buildings and other structures according to Standard MSZ 274, and conformity therewith • Earthing of (electricity) conducting bodies (materials) • On insulators reducing recharge speed and accelerating discharge

7.7.2 Prevention of Technology Type and Environment Threatening Breakdown Events and (potential) Case of Damage In the process of municipal solid waste treatment and disposal, the cases enlisted under the following points qualify as breakdown events posing a hazard to the environment and human health. Transport vehicle accident (internal material movement) Prevention: • Call to attention at training course

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• Regular maintenance of working machines Pollution/Contamination • Pollution caused by the load • Oil running off from working machines Measure: After stopping the machines hazardous waste or hazardous substance must be removed from the surface of the landfill.

Probability of Fire, Explosion Prevention: • Keeping fire extinguishers, tools up-to-date, inspection and exchange thereof • Compliance with the fire protection order of the working areas • Compliance with the storage and inventory prescriptions of inflammable materials in accordance with the prohibition of smoking and naked flame. • Compliance with the fire protection requirements contained in the instructions on technology, operation, handling and maintenance • Keeping regular fire protection training courses (foreman) • Completion of tasks apt to take fire in accordance with written instruction • Provision of free access to facilities serving fire extinguishing purposes

Measure: • The area competent Fire Guard must be notified, and report must be sent to the Fire Service • Until fire service arrives on site, the location must be kept under control • In the interest of efficient fire fighting, all movable objects (machines, goods, etc.) must be removed that may hinder the work of the firemen. • Until the fire service arrives on site, spread of the fire must be stopped as much as possible. • In case of fire, materials apt to explode must be transported to a safe place.

Leakage of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Material Prevention: • Flammable waste contaminated by incendiary liquid, fat must be collected in a vessel, which is non-flammable and covered with well closing lid.

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• Regular inspection of the condition of the packaging in the store • Regular inspection of the condition of the collection point established at the work place for the storage of hazardous wastes Measure: • Termination of the cause of pollution • Stopping the polluting technology or equipment • Blotting up of the running off contamination by blotting material • If contamination is due to the defect of the collection vessel or container, first the proper re-loading of the polluting substance must be taken care of • Cleaning of the contaminated surfaces by washing them using intensive jet of water or by diverting sweeping • The contaminated blotting material generated during elimination of damages must be considered hazardous waste, and its collection and disposal must be taken care of accordingly.

Occurrence of Severe Accidents Prevention: • Compliance with the labour protection rules • Compliance with health conditions of work • Completion of regular medical test • Provision of personal protective equipment • Compliance with the rules of behaviour • Rules applicable to work places and work processes • Review of electric equipment • Review of machine equipment and tools • Electric shock protection review of electric appliances/equipment In case of severe accidents occurring on the site, action must be taken in accordance with the Labour Protection Rules.

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7.8 Safety Technology

7.8.1 Labour Protection During the establishment, operation and abandonment of the Mecsek-Dráva Regional Waste Management Program the following rules of law regulating safety technology must be considered: • The periodical medical screening of the employees working at the waste treatment site will be carried out by the industrial physicians specialist service • Every employee will get the mandatory vaccination. • Employees will be supplied with the personal protective equipment from the central stores (protective clothes, protective boots, protective gloves). Protective clothes will be washed, after collecting them at the centre, by a specialist company. • Hygienic supplies will be made available to the employees from the central store with the help of the plant manager. • As a protective drink mineral water and soda water must be supplied, and in winter time, tea must be supplied. • It is strictly prohibited to eat, drink or smoke during the pursuit of work. During worktime, such activity can only be pursued after washing and disinfecting of hands. • On the site there is regular rodent and insect control. • In case of an occupational accident the plant manager must be informed. The injured person must be given first aid, and if necessary, the physician or the ambulance must be called with no delay. Minutes have to be made of the accident in all cases.

• Act 93 of 1993 on labour protection and the amending act 11 of 2004, • Decree 2/2002. (II. 7.) SZCSM on requirements against personal protective equipment and on the certification of their conformity, • Decree 13/2004. (IV. 19.) FMM on the detailed rules of designating the organisations for testing, certifying and inspecting the conformity of the personal protective equipment and on the notification to the European Commission and the Member States of the European Union, as well on the administration service charge payable for the designation procedure. • 65/1999. Decree 65/1999. (XII. 22.) EüM on the minimum safety and health requirements applicable to the use of personal protective equipment by employees at work, • Act 78 of 1997 on the shaping and protection of the built environment,

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• Decree 44/2000. (II. 27.) EüM on the detailed rules of certain procedures and activities relating to hazardous substances and hazardous preparations, • Joint Decree 4/2002. (II. 20.) SzCsM-EüM on the minimum safety and health requirements to be implemented at construction work places and construction processes, • Decree 2/1998. (I. 16.) MüM on the safety and health marks to be applied at workplaces, • Decree 14/2004. (IV. 19.) FMM on the minimum level of safety and health requirements of labour tools and their use, • Decree 21/1998. (IV. 17.) IKIM on the safety requirements of machines and the certification of their conformity.

In order to fulfil the obligation contained in Section 54 (2) of the Act on Labour Protection (Mvt) the employer shall carry out, at all work places, an assessment of risks posing hazard to the safety and health of workers, and document it. Risk assessment is the most general, preventive, labour safety type of task of the employer that creates the foundation for further measures. In essence he has to commence and pursue all his activities on the basis of that. Safety and health specialist activity is a legal category, only staff with the health and safety qualification can pursue the given task. The Act qualifies the completion of the risk assessment as a safety and health specialist activity.

8 Expected Environmental Benefits of the Planned System, Situation at Present and After Completion of the Project In the summary of the expected environmental impacts a description was given of the individual waste treatment centres, units and technologies intended to be established. When analysing environmental impacts, impacts of the system as a whole was studied. The scope of our study covered the environmental components of soil, surface and underground water, noise and vibration analysis of the program, the biosphere and landscape. The disadvantages of the current operation and the benefits of the planned investment project are shown in the following table.

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Current detrimental impacts Environmentally friendly nature of the project Air Transportation is often done by open Transportation of wastes will be done by closed trucks, therefore dust generation and system vehicles, dust generation and waste scattering of fragments is rather scattering will be terminated. significant. Waste landfill is not properly covered, as At the regional landfill there will be proper a result, dust and waste can be easily coverage and technical inspection of the drifted by wind. processes, therefore, direct environment pollution does not have to be reckoned with. Significant odour load. Odour load will decrease due to controlled processes, regular coverage and reduced organic matter content.

Non-controlled methane emission Due to applied technology landfilled quantity increases greenhouse gas effect. will decrease, within this, organic matter content will be minimalised, which will significantly decrease gas formation.

Soil Upper layer of soil is contaminated due The regional landfill will have proper technical to inappropriately operating municipal protection and insulation, thus contamination of and small region landfills/dumping sites. the upper layer of soil can be avoided. This is continuously inspected by monitoring systems.

Quantity of landfilled, biologically Due to the applied technologies and composting degrading organic waste is large. activities organic matter landfilling will practically terminate. The compost produced may be favourably used for strengthening the production capacity of the soil, or to cover landfills. Water Most of the landfills do not have proper The insulation of several layers applied at the insulation, threatening the vulnerable regional landfill will prevent the contamination underground waterbases. Environmental of hydro-geological formations. load can be detected on some of the current landfills.

Biosphere The lack of technical protection at the Closing down and recultivation of the existing ecosystems current landfills led to the proliferation plants will be accompanied by the gradual of specific species unfavourable for the return of close to nature status. neighbouring natural ecosystems. The scheduled rodent and insect control and the regular coverage will significantly decrease the proliferation of species unfavourable for the biosphere.

Landscape Due to the lack of protective forest zones Location of the regional landfill is such that it and fences, and protective nets, the is not directly visible, it is approximately current landfills are a significant damage adjusated into the landscape. to the landscape. Landcape use In case of the current landfills, the The disturbing effect will cease to exist in case neighbouring areas are generally of the current landfills, in case of the regional polluted. In their case landscape landfill it will be at a minimum. utilisation is limited.

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Underground Noise and Soil Surface water Air Waste water Vibration 123456123456123456123456123456123456 Construction nnnnnn 000000000000nnnnn 0000000nnnnnn Operation Transportation 000000000000000000nnnnnnppppppnnnnnn Technology Landfilling 000npn Composting 000npn After-Digestion 00 00 00 nn pp nn MBH 00 00 00 nn pp nn Material Recycling 00 00 00 00 pp nn Re-loading 000000000000pppnnn Reception of municipal wastes 0000000000000000ppppnnnn Selective waste collection 000nnnnpnnnn Abandonment recultivation/terrain correction (landscaping) pppppp 000000ppppppppppppnnnnnn 000000 bandonment without recultivation eeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 000000 Emergency situation ennnnnnnnnnneeenennnnnnnnnnnnn 000000 0 has no impact or causes no intolerable impact p positive impact n negative, but tolerable impact e intolerable impact 1 Pécs-kökényi Regional Waste Treatment Centre 2 Barcs Waste Treatment Centre 3 Marcali Waste Treatment Centre 4 Transfer Stations 5 Container Parks 6 Selective waste collection islands, collection route

Built FloraFauna Landscape Humans environment 164 123456123456123456123456123456 Construction nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 0 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

Built Flora Fauna Landscape Humans Environment 123456123456123456123456123456 Construction nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 0 Operation Transportation nnnnnnnnnnnn 000000000000nnnnnn Technology Landfilling nnnnp Composting nnnnp After-Digestion nn nn nn nn pp MBH nn nn nn nn pp Material Recycling Facility nn nn nn nn pp Waste Transfer Station nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn pp pp Container Park nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn nnnnn ppppp Waste Collection Islands nnnnp Abandonment abandonment followed by recultivation/terrain correction pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp bandonment without recultivation ennnnnennnnnennnnnennnnnennnnn Emergency ennnnnennnnn 000000000000ennnnn

165 Expected Environmental Impacts of the Mecsek-Dráva Project - Summary

8.1 Soil, Surface and Underground Water In case of Pécs-Kökény the investment will be established on an existing site currently pursuing waste treatment activities. In case of Marcali, the waste treatment centre will be established in the neighbourhood of a hazardous and non-hazardous landfill site. The Barcs centre and the other facilities will be green field investment projects.

From the aspect of surface and sub-surface classification, the following are sensitive areas: Bóly, Bükkösd, Csurgó, Dombóvár, Harkány, Homokszentgyörgy, Kétújfalu, Lábod, Mágocs, Marcali, Nagyatád, Nagyharsány, Oroszló, Pécs (2 container parks), Sellye, Siklós, Szentlászló, Szentlőrinc, Szigetvár, Vése, Barcs.

From the aspect of surface and groundwater, the following are sensitive areas: Bükkösd, Harkány, Pécs.

8.1.1 Major Impacts Affecting the Soil During construction work: earthworks, deepening of trenches, building of foundation, compacting by working machines, establishment of the bottom layer of the landfill (Pécs- Kökény). On the construction site the soil looses its multifunctionality, fertility, and from among the practical functions only the load-bearing capacity will remain. During works the soil is more vulnerable. In case of deflation, erosion, seepage and extraordinary events polluting substances may percolate into the soil. These can be avoided by respecting the appropriate construction plan and operational instruction.

8.1.2 Impacts Affecting Underground Water Works involving interference with the surface make not only soil but also underground water more vulnerable, therefore in the course of works attention must be paid to avoid emergency situations (leaching in, seepage of polluting substances into the groundwater, mixture of rainwater with contaminated leakage water, etc.). During operation it is important to respect the operating instructions of the landfill and the individual waste treatment centres and facilities, to have facilities properly built (rainwater reservoir, leakage water pond, swale system, rainwater drainage system, appropriate insulation, landfill bottom layer protection, proper, repeated monitoring), and this is how detrimental impacts affecting groundwater can be avoided.

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8.1.3 Pollutions Affecting Surface Waters: Most of the waste treatment facilities are located far from surface water courses, these areas are not flood-stricken. A temporary watercourse can be found at the southern end of the Pécs- Kökény waste treatment plant. For surface waters the same is true as in case of the underground waters.

8.1.4 Avoiding and Control of Pollution: During construction, environmental requirements must be complied with at all times. Establishment of the monitoring systems is part of the programme. At all sites monitoring wells will be established to survey the pollution of the soil and groundwater. The perfect condition of the insulation in the landfill is inspected by using a sensor. Monitoring wells are regularly sampled, and samples are handed over for inspection to the National Public Health and Chief Medical Officer Service Laboratory. This enables us to continuously monitor the condition of the soil and underground waters and changes compared to the base condition or base points. Eventual changes may be signs of pollution, in that case the source of seepage or damage must be found, and remediation must be conducted.

8.1.5 Characteristic Water Uses: Municipal Water Demand: Social (sanitary) purpose water uses of the landfill, mechanical- biological pre-treatment facility, material recycling facility, container park, transfer stations, social buildings. Operation related water demand: water uses of residual bio-waste composting, after- maturing, vehicle and container wash, compactor and tyre wash. Municipal Wastewater: Municipal wastewater generated on the site is stored in closed waste water reservoir, and when the tank is filled it is transported to the closest waste water treatment plant. Tehcnological Wastewater: Leakage waters of the landfill collected by a drainage system and conducted into the leakage water pond. Leakage water is watered on the waste body (Pécs- Kökény). The waste waters generated in the tyre was, vehicle wash, container wash and compactor wash are collected, and its oil content is separated by an oil trap structure, the SEPURATOR type oil separator structure.

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Rain waters: External waters are drained by a swale system. Rain from the roof and large open spaces is stored in rainwater reservoirs, and this is used for fire water purposes. Polluted rainwater from the waste treatment area is conducted into the leakage water collection system.

In summation it may be stated that by establishing proper operation conditions and respecting the requirements, facilities will not pollute neither the soil nor the surface or underground waters, neither directly nor indirectly, and the establishment and operation will not generate an intolerable impact anywhere.

8.2 Air Transportation: Due to waste transportation, traffic will increase along the collection routes in the supply district of the plants. Most of the waste transportation vehicles are equipped with Euro 3 or Euro 2 engines, they are regularly checked, and their technical condition is in compliance with the legal provisions. Traffic will increase in particular due to selective waste collection, as selective collection so far has been in place only at larger settlements. Our analyses show that air quality load coming from traffic increase does not exceed anywhere the prescribed limit values, therefore transportation does not casue a significant load on the environment. Material handling on site causes a local increase in air polluting substances, but this does not generate an intolerable impact. Tehcnological Sources of Air Pollution: Regional Waste Treatment Centre in Pécs-Kökény: Substances from the dust separator of the container park are emitted through a stack into the open air. Odour from the MBH Pre-Stabiliser Hall . Waste Treatment Centre in Barcs: The only diffuse point source is the dust separator of the container park. Waste Treatment Centre in Marcali: Only odour occurs. Odour impact: In the course of activities accompanied by intensive odours (foul smell) BAT technology must be applied to avoid generating foul smell that disturbs the population. Units of technology characterised by odour emission:

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1. Regional Waste Treatment Centre in Pécs-Kökény: reception area of mechanical preparation hall, stabilisation phase I in pre-stabilisation hall. 2. Waste Treatment Centre in Marcali: reception area of mechanical preparation hall, stabilisation phase I in pre-stabilisation hall. Avoiding Pollution: Significant air polluting and odour impacts can be avoided, or will not cause an intolerable effect by using dust extraction and air cleaning equipment selected by using BAT technology, by using waste transport trucks in line with environmental and technical requirements, and in case of technologies accompanied by odour impact, by daily cleaning and operating a biofilter.

8.3 Biosphere Biosphere includes the analyses of fauna and flaura as well as the analyses of the built environment and landscape. We have discussed the terrain, morphology, soil conditions, hydrology, meteorological conditions of the entire region affected by the Programme, the flora districts occurring in the region, plant and animal populations, protected pant and animal species. We have taken a stock of the areas affected by the Natura 2000 programme, as well as the protected natural and landscape values and buildings under protection. Having examined the location, technology and impact area of the different facilities (waste treatment centres, transfer stations, container parks, routes and collection islands of selective waste collection) the conclusion can be drawn that each planned facility and technology causes a change of some extent compared to the current condition, but none of these causes an intolerable impact, or affects nature, landscape or biosphere values under protection or prospective protection. Facilities are located and established in a way that allows for their best adjustment into the existing built environment and has the least landscape damaging impact.

8.4 Noise and Vibration When examining noise and vibration conditions, noise impacts caused by traffic/transportation, and noise and vibration caused by the installed technology were considered. Establishments under protection in the neighbourhood of the centre:

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Regional Waste Treatment Centre in Pécs-Kökény: • In the north: Kökény settlement at a distance of 1200 m; • In the west: Territory of Szentpál puszta at a distance of 1000 m • In the south: Szilvás settlement at a distance of 1,400 m; • Waste Treatment Centre in Barcs: • Direction South: border of town of Barcs at a distance of 800 m • Direction north-east: agricultural plant, farmstead at Középrigóc, at a distance of 1800 m • Direction north: Somogytarnóca at a distance of 5300 m • Direction east: Zimona fishponds at a distance of 3,300 m Waste Treatment Centre in Marcali: • Direction east, north-east: Town of Marcali at a distance of 2700 m (closest farm 2100 m) • Direction south: Szőcsénypuszta, 5600 m • Direction west: Somogyzsifa 5000 m • Direction north: Somogysámson, Horvátkút 1,300 m

From noise and vibration point of view the following factors will have to be reckoned with: • Construction of Phase II of the landfill (only Pécs-Kökény), and parallel with this, recultivation of Phase I. Bulldozer, front-end loader, compacting machine, noise and vibration load caused by the operation of trucks. • Loads occurring during the establishment and operation of new facilities: Operation of machines, traffic by trucks, • Container park (Pécs-Kökény, Barcs), • Mechanical Biological Waste Treatment Facility (MBT) (Pécs-Kökény, Marcali: Jet conveyor, drum screen, magnetic separator, grab-crane, shredder, baling machine), • Pre-stabilisation (Pécs-Kökény, Marcali: Front-end loader, compost rotator, air extracting ventilator), • Stabilisation (Pécs-Kökény, Marcali: Rotator, drum screen, shredder), • Bale store area (Pécs-Kökény, Barcs: Loading machine, trolley) noise and vibration load.

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• Transfer Station (compacting equipment, from material handling), container parks and noise and vibration from selective waste collection.

Employees working at the plant will be supplied with proper protective equipment, therefore operational noise will not be a burden for them. Establishments under protection are outside the impact area of noise load, therefore it can be stated that none of the waste treatment facilities will cause permanent noise load on the environment.

8.5 Extraordinary Events In this chapter we have discussed the different extraordinary events and how protection can be made against them. Natural disasters: Wind-storm, heavy rains, stroke of lightning; Emergency events of technological origin, threatening the environment: Truck accident, fire, explosion risk, run off of hazardous waste and hazardous material, severe accidents. In every case, preventive measures and the schedule of elimination of eventually occurring damages were separately discussed. In summary it may be stated that disasters of technology origin can be prevented, avoided by respecting the operational instruction and the labour protection rules. In order to avoid natural disasters, all possible precautionary measures have to be taken (rainwater reservoirs, fire water storage, lightning arrester, etc.), and the employees working at the plant must be prepared for what they are supposed to do when an emergency occurs. Labour protection rules must be complied with at all times, and legal requirements must be met.

In summation, the Mecsek-Dráva Waste Management Programme will generate a number of benefits for the waste management of the region, and none of the environment polluting impacts generated during construction and operation will cause an intolerable load for the environment and the people living there.

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