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Structure of Gastropod Communities in the Water of the Estuary of Kawal River

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Structure of Gastropod Communities in the Water of the Estuary of Kawal River STRUCTURE OF GASTROPOD COMMUNITIES IN THE WATER OF THE ESTUARY OF KAWAL RIVER Galih Kusumiharto Sesario College Student of Marine Science, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] Henky Irawan Lecture of Marine Science, FIKP UMRAH,[email protected] Fadhliyah Idris Lecture of Marine Science, FIKP UMRAH,[email protected] Abstract The research was determined from February to June 2015. The purpose of this study was to know the structure of gastropod communities in the water of the estuary of Kawal River. The method used is purposive sampling. There are 2 locations of observation. Sampling Gastropod using a transect line with transects spaced 50 m. Plot size 1x1 meters with a distance of 5 m between plots. From the results of research found the type of gastropods with 8 families and 11 types of families Cerithiidae, Pyramidellidae, Neritidae, Nassariidae, Columbellidae, Buccinidae, Muricidae, Littorinidae. Value abundance of gastropods is 93.02 individuals/m2. Then, diversity index (H') is 1.6703; uniformity index (E) is 0.4828; and dominance index is 0.3938. The highest Important Value Index is species of Cerithium nesioticum of 83.46% and species of Nodilittorina vidua is the lowest at 2.94%. Key Words: Structure Communities, Gastropod, Estuary, Kawal 1 STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS GASTROPODA DI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI KAWAL Galih Kusumiharto Sesario Mahasiswa Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] Henky Irawan Dosen Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH,[email protected] Fadhliyah Idris Dosen Ilmu Kelautan, FIKP UMRAH, [email protected] Abstrak Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan Februari sampai bulan Juni 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Gastropoda di perairan muara Sungai Kawal. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Terdapat 2 lokasi pengamatan. Pengambilan contoh Gastropoda menggunakan transect line dengan jarak antar transek 50 m. Ukuran plot 1x1 meter dengan jarak antar plot 5 m. Dari hasil penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas gastropoda di muara Sungai Kawal ditemukan jenis Gastropoda dengan 8 famili dan 11 jenis yaitu famili Cerithiidae, Pyramidellidae, Neritidae, Nassariidae, Columbellidae, Buccinidae, Muricidae, Littorinidae. Nilai kelimpahan gastropoda yaitu 93,02 individu/m2. Untuk nilai Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) yaitu 1,6703; keseragaman (E) yaitu 0,4828; dan indeks dominansi nya yaitu 0,3938. Indeks Nilai Penting yang tertinggi yaitu jenis Cerithium nesioticum sebesar 83,46 % dan terendah yaitu jenis Nodilittorina vidua sebesar 2,94 %. Kata kunci : Struktur Komunitas, Gastropoda, Muara Sungai 2 I. PENDAHULUAN menunjukan garis-garis pertumbuhan dan Muara adalah wilayah badan air yang kadang-kadang dapat digunakan untuk menjadi pertemuan antara satu atau lebih menentukan umur ( Romimohtarto dan sungai pada wilayah pesisir dengan perairan juwana, 2007). laut. Muara sangat terpengaruh oleh aliran air Perairan muara Sungai Kawal tawar dan sedimen dari daratan, serta air laut bertopografi dalam di bagian tengahnya yang seperti pasang-surut, gelombang, dan merupakan alur pelayaran. Disisi kiri dan masuknya air asin. kanannya merupakan daerah litoral atau Menurut Nybaken (1992) dalam Putra daerah intertidal yang apabila surut terlihat (2013), daerah yang dipengaruhi pasang surut hamparan pantai yang terdapat ekosistem ialah daerah intertidal atau litoral yang muara sungai berupa padang lamun, merupakan daerah pantai yang terletak antara mangrove dan biota-biota laut lainnya. Ketika pasang tertinggi dan surut terendah.Lebih surut, pada daerah litoral tersebut peneliti lanjut dikatakan bahwa bermacam-macam menemukan gastropoda dalam jumlah yang inveterbrata yang hidup secara benthos di banyak. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan daerah intertidal mempunyai kisaran ukuran penelitian mengenai gastropoda di daerah yang sangat luas yaitu berukuran mikro litoral muara sungai kawal tersebut . seperti protozoa sampai pada ukuran makro Penelitian struktur komunitas seperti Crustasea, Echinodermata dan gastropoda di perairan muara Sungai Kawal, Mollusca. Kelurahan Kawal dilakukan untuk Gastropoda adalah hewan berukuran mengetahui kondisi terkini komunitas relatif besar yang menarik. Namanya berarti gastropoda di muara sungai kawal, khususnya kaki perut ( yaitu : Gaster = Perut; di daerah litoral yang masih terkena pengaruh Pous=Kaki). Cangkangnya asimetri dan dari muara sungai. biasanya menggulung seperti ulir memutar Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk kekanan. Hewan ini menggendong cangkang, mengetahui struktur komunitas gastropoda kakinya besar dan lebar untuk merayap dari segi keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dibatu atau mengeduk pasir atau lumpur. dominansi, kelimpahan, pola sebaran dan Pada kelas hewan ini terjadi reduksi beberapa indeks nilai penting di perairan muara Sungai organ tubuh untuk menyesuaikan ukuran Kawal. cangkang, seperti reduksi menjadi satu ginjal, Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat beberapa jenis hanya mempunyai satu insang. memberikan informasi tentang struktur Cangkang keong digunakan untuk komunitas gastropoda yang bermanfaat bagi melindungi diri. Ada yang tanpa penutup dan pemerintah dan masyarakat khususnya di ada yang dengan penutup atau operkulum. Kelurahan Kawal tentang komunitas Operkulum ini terbuat dari zat kapur atau zat gastropoda. tanduk yang lebih luas. Operkulum 3 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA atau keong, dan merupakan kelompok Muara sungai adalah bagian hilir dari moluska yang paling berhasil menduduki sungai yang berhubungan dengan laut. diberbagai habitat. Terdapat di darat, perairan Permasalahan di muara sungai dapat ditinjau tawar, dan terbanyak dilaut. Bentuk tubuh di bagian mulut sungai (river mouth) dan dan cangkang sangat beraneka ragam. estuari. Mulut sungai adalah bagian paling Terdapat lebih dari 60.000 spesies hidup dan hilir dari muara sungai yang langsung 15.000 spesies fosil (Suwignyo et., al, 2005). bertemu dengan laut. Sedangkan estuari III. METODE adalah bagian dari sungai yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut. Muara sungai berfungsi PETA LOKASI PENELITIAN INZET : 104°38'00" 104°38'30" N KELURAHAN untuk mengalirkan debit sungai terutama KAWAL KETERANGAN : " Sungai 0 3 Daratan pada waktu banjir ke laut. Selain itu muara ' 9 Laut 5 ° 0 Litoral Lokasi Wilayah Jalur sungai juga harus melewatkan debit yang Pelayaran Permukiman LOKASI 1 LOKASI 2 ditimbulkan oleh pasang surut yang bisa lebih GALIH K.S 100254241030 IKL_FIKP UMRAH besar dari debit sungai sehingga muara SKALA : 1:7299 P. MASIRAN 0.07 0 0.07 0.14 sungai harus cukup lebar dan dalam (Usman, Km 2014). Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian Menurut Prayitno (2009) dalam Putra (2013), Zona intertidal adalah area sempit Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan dalam sistem bahari antara pasang tertinggi Februari 2015 – Juni 2015 di Perairan Muara dan surut terendah. Garis pantai yang Kawal.Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam memanjang dengan batas laut yang apik penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel 1. memberikan gambaran tersendiri. Genangan Tabel 1. Alat dan Bahan yang digunakan air laut terhadap daratan pesisir yang terus berubah dengan dinamika yang cukup tinggi, No Alat Kegunaan 1 GPS Menentukan titik memungkinkan pemilihan zona bagi kawasan koordinat ini yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh pola 2 Meteran Menarik garis transek pergerakan pasang surut. 3 Transek Kuadrat Pengamatan Gastropoda adalah hewan berukuran 1 x 1 m gastropoda 4 Sekop Kecil Pengambilan relatif besar yang menarik. Namanya berarti sampel gastropoda kaki perut ( yaitu : Gaster = Perut; didalam substrat dan pengambila Pous=Kaki). Cangkangnya asimetri dan sampel sedimen biasanya menggulung seperti ulir memutar 5 Kamera Dokumentasi 6 Multitester (YK- Mengukur suhu kekanan. Hewan ini menggendong cangkang, 2005WA) kakinya besar dan lebar untuk merayap 7 Multitester (YK- Mengukur DO 2005WA) dibatu atau mengeduk pasir atau 8 Multitester (YK- Mengukur pH lumpur.Gastrophoda biasanya disebut siput 2005WA) 9 Saltmeter (YK- Mengukur salinitas 4 31SA) melakukan sampling Gastropoda di bagian 10 Sieve net Memisahkan fraksi alur muara dikarenakan lokasi tersebut sedimen 11 Oven Mengeringkan merupakan jalur transportasi pelayaran kapal, sedimen apabila dilakukan sampling akan berbahaya 12 Plastik Sampel Wadah untuk sampel untuk peneliti. 13 Kertas Label Menandai sampel Metode pengambilan sampling yang 14 Buku dan pena Mencatat hasil penelitian digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan 15 http:/seasellhub. metode line transect. Jarak antar transek pada Com Acuan identifikasi http:/marinespeci penelitian ini dibuat 50 m untuk semua es. org lokasi. Untuk jarak antar plot diberi jarak 5 No Nama Bahan Kegunaan 1 Hewan Identifikasi meter disemua lokasi penelitian, jarak antar Gastropoda plot tersebut dibuat berdasarkan studi 2 Aquades Untuk membersihkan alat dilapangan dengan jarak yang paling efektif 3 Kertas Label Menandai sampel untuk mendapatkan sampel Gastropoda yang Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan banyak. Jumlah plot ditentukan dari masing- berdasarkan teknik Purposive Sampling yaitu masing panjang lokasi dari bibir pantai teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan sampai kearah surut terendah (berbatasan apabila sampel yang akan diambil dengan alur pelayaran). Ukuran plot yang mempunyai pertimbangan tertentu (Fachrul, digunakan berukuran 1x1 m2 dan peletakan 2007). plot mengacu pada Fachrul (2007). PETA LOKASI PENELITIAN INZET : Pengukuran kualitas perairan diambil 104°38'00" 104°38'30" N KELURAHAN dikawasan muara sungai yang berdekatan KAWAL KETERANGAN : dengan lokasi pengamatan Gastropoda. " Sungai 0 3 ' Daratan 9
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