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www.TomCederlind.com/[email protected] Vol, 19, NO.4 Inside The Celatof"Y ... April 2005 Consecutive Issue No_ 214 Incorporating Roman CQin.r7l/U1 CII /lure FEATURES PublisherlEdilOr Kerry K. Wctterstrom [email protected] 6 The Mystery of the Left-Facing Denarius by John Bitner Copy Editor Cistophoric Tetradrachms - An Overview W. Jdl'rey Winter" 12 by Robert M. Harlick Page 6 For Back Issues From 24 Nero: The Actor Emperor - Part II 1987 to May 1999 contact: Doris J. Sayles by David A. Wend [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Art: Parnell Nelson

2 Guest Editorial- Coming Next Month Maps & Graphic Art: Kenny Grady 4 Letters to the Editor Page 12 32 Art and the Market - f)rofilt!l' ill ilumi!Smatir!l' p.e. Box 839 1...McaRIr, PA 17608 33 Art and the Market T.VFax;717~57 Express mall (FedEx & 36 Coming Events UPS onty) to: Kerry K. Wenerstrom 87 Aprlcol Ave 38 The Other Side by Phillip Davis Leola, PA 17540-1788 39 ANTIO!JITIES byOavidUebert www.ceIaIor.com by David Hendin The CelatO( (ISSN ~1048·0986) 40 \!:oinS of Ib' )!lib!, is an indeperldenl lournal pub­ lished on the first day 01 each 42 The Market - Recent Catalogs, etc. monTh at 87 Apllcot Ave, Leola. PA t 7540. It Is circulated Intel­ by Jeff Winter nationally through subscriptions and special distributiOns. Sub­ 43 'through the Cooking glass s<::ription rates. payable In U.S. funds, are 530 pllr yeal {Peliodl· by Wayne G. Sayles cal ralel wrth in the United States; About the cover: $36 to Canada; $48 pll' yeal to 44 The Internet Connection The obverse photo of a all other addlesses (lSAL). Ad­ vertising and copy deedline Is the by Kevin Barry & Zachary "Beast" Beasley left-facing bust of Faus­ first workday 01 each month. Un­ tina Sr., AIC 361. See solicited articles end news re­ 46 Cartoon this month's feature ar­ teases are welcome, however ticle by John Bitner. publication cannot be guaran­ teed. Unless expressly stated. 47 Professional Directory Photography by Alan The CeJalOroailhe. endorses nor Yarbrough. is responsible lOt" the contents of 54 Club & Society Directory advertisements, letterS-Io-the· editor. feature articles, regutar 55 Classifieds - Index of Advertisers columns and press releases In Its pages, Including any opinions stated therein, and the accuracy The Celator office 01 any data prov,ded by its con· will be closed tributors. Periodical postage paid from {USPS '0(6077) Lancaster, PA Jltursday, April 21 " 17603 and addilional oflices, i9 Monday, Apr! 25'> """"""''' 2005. _ fti< GICF iInd _ on ~ & PltlIishing, Inc. Friday, APril Postmaster: please send 0IIice "9Coins of Alexandria- Four Regimes of Closed Currencies And Found by Matthew S. Reid By Peter K. Tampa The Numismatic Museum On February 24, 2005 , the National Artcr Hiebert unived, he was told that of Athens Geographic Society presented a lecture the Afghans had also located 16 more box­ by C. Kevin Ammons about treasures lost (and now found) of es of materials. These turned out to be the Afghan National Museum. This lec­ Kushan treasures from Bcgram that had Nero: The Actor Emperor - ture wa~ significant because it raised some previously been displayed in the museum. Part III serious questions about one of the key More boxes were then produced. These assumptions behind recently introduced leg­ included 2000 coins from the 40,((10 coin by David A Wend islation thaL would authorize impon restric­ collcction of thc National Museum. Hic­ tions on Afghan archaeological objects. bert indicated that the coins that wcre AND COMING SOON The speaker was Fred Hiebert, an ar­ found were the most important pieces chaeologist who has excavated Silk Road in the collection. To illustrate this point, The Coins of Hsienyang, City sites. He was invited by the Afghan Gov­ Dr. Hi ebert showed slides of a group of afthe First Emperor afChina ernment to inventory safes fou nd under high-grade tetradrachms of the Greco­ by Marvin Tameanko the Afghan Central Ban k that were thought Bactrian King Eucratides. to contain the "Tillya Tepe" (Mound of There are at least 20 additional boxcs Faces of Empire (julius Caesar Gold) Treasure excavated by Soviet ar­ to inventory, but Dr. Hieben indicated so to Justinian) chaeologists in 1978. and previously pre­ far99%oftheAfghan National Museum's by Cornelius Vermeule sumed los!. Once there, other boxes turned display items have been found in excel­ up (and continue to do so) from the Af­ lent condi ti on. What appears s\i ll to be Medusa the Centauress on ghan National Museum collections, and missing is material from the slores. There Greek Coins Hiebert has also been involved in inven­ appears La be a "don't ask, don't tell" pol­ torying these materials. icy on where all these boxes are coming by Joseph Wihnyk The Soviets first inventoried the Tillya from. Hiebert indicated that some of the Asklepios Temples on Tepc Treasure in 1978, the year it was box es are in poor condition (I.e., rusted found in Northern Afghanistan. At that or even covered with manure), but thc Ancient Coins time, there were 21,000 urtifucts, mostly contents have nevertheless been in ex­ by Bekircan Tahberer & of gold from the burial of five females and cclient condition. Prof. Dr. lIter Uzel one male ca. I" Ccntury AD.TIIC burials [n response to questions, Dr. Hiebert were of nomads of obviously high station ind icated that there is a serious loot ing The Later Roman Empresses in life. There were some wins in the hoard, problem in the countryside. Neverthe­ including a previously unknown type for less. he declined to take the all too usu­ by Jasper Burns the Greco-Bactrian KingAgathokles (Man al line vilifying collectors and Western Officina Mark Development resting on Wheel of Dharma/Lion with a museums. Instead , he suggested thatAf­ raised paw) and even an aureus of the ghanistan with the help of UNESCO and at the Mint of Antioch in Roman Emperor Tiberius (struck be­ the world community needs to do a bet­ the 3" Century AD tween 16 and 2 1 AD at Lugdunum in ter job identifying and protecting likely by Douglas O. Rosenberg Gaul). Finding this particular coin in the archaeological sites. He also indicated hoard proves that coins circulated wide­ that ultimately the root causes of loot­ Images of Power and Clory ly in ancient times based on their intrin­ ing, primarily warlord ism and ethnic sic value as bu llion. stri fe, need to be addressed. Hopefully, on the Coinage of Trajan The treasure was thought to have been he also hel ieves that Afghanistan's an ­ by Liladhar R. Pendse lost during the Afghan Civil War, but evi ­ cient past can be used to help un ify the dently remained locked up in vaul~ be­ Afg han people today. Coins of Knossos and low the Central Bank along with $60 mil ­ Despite the availability of this in for­ the Minotallr lion in gold bullion. No one knows (or is mation to decision makers in Congress, by Charles Suter saying) why the Tal iban ovcrlooked this on February 17,2005, Congressman En­ treasure. Afghans lovc stori es, and the gli sh (R-Pa) fe -int roduccd leg islation TIle Constantin ian COn1mCl1lO­ widely repeated yam that a devoted guard from th e last legislative scssion that rative issues of 317/18 thwat1ed Taliban thugs by breaking aIr would authorize import restrictions on keys in the locks of the safes is sheer non­ Afghan archaeological objects. (H.R. by Gelt Boersema sense. The Afghans announced that thcy 915-The Cultural Conservation of the had located the safcs with this treas ure in Crossroads of Civilization Act.) As was 2003. The inventory showed that no items were missing from the treasure. Cuc.vt editorial contillucd 011 page 22 ...

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Apn'l2oo5 3 partially) had developed the concept of effort to collect any and all information movable cultural property. This concept about known fakes. I would ce rtainly has developed to the point where gov­ be willing to contribute to such an ef­ ernments now lay claim to anything fort. I also understand that people have ever produced in the territory they now a much easier time talking than doing htteF'j control. Turkey inherits Byzantine cul­ and thai generating funding for such a ture, Iraq inherits Sasanian cultural, It­ project could be difficult. But, the ben­ aly all things Roman, and Algeria the efit would be tremendous. Carthaginians. It doesn't matter that the Imagine a single online source of Arabs conquered the Sasanians, the fakes complete with pictures, diagnos­ Turks destroyed the Byzantines, and tics, and citations of where they had Reader Comments on that Ihe Italy of today is populated by appeared and so forth. Perhaps this February 2005 Issue descendants of the Barbarian invaders could be done similarly to the IAPN of Rome rather than Romans. To make bulletin except open to all collectors Aside from the series of excellent matters worse, in the United States this for a more reasonable fee. Perhaps articles about Biblical coins, the Feb­ concept somehow does not apply. I am simply dreaming. ruary 2005 edition of The Gela/oreon­ To me, we all inherit the culture of However, I do believe that only tained two recurring themes. One was the past. From Japan 10 Argentina we when our collective knowledge is out the continued discussion of cultural share in the world's past, especially its in the open that we will be able to si­ heritage and the ownership of objects; achievements including those in art. No lence the quacks that now point to a a subjecllouched on in the letter of Mr. modern person, no modern state can falling sky in certai n online groups. Bekircan Tahberer, the article by Ursu­ lay claim to a cultural heritage. It be­ Jorg Lueke la Kampmann of the IAPN, and touched longs to all people of the world. An Minnesota upon by Ph ill ip Davis. The second ancient Roman or Sasanian coin is theme was the issue of counterfeit as meaningful to me as it is to any­ coins mentioned by Mr. Alan Walker in one from Naples or Tehran. CSNS Money Hunt response to a previous correspon­ Mr. Tahberer also points oul that dence initiated by myself. David Lie­ Turkey has spent billions trying to re ­ bert and Ph ill ip Davis also make claim certain artifacts while forbidding TO ALL YOUNG COLLECTORS: mention of this t opic. its citizens from making any profit from You are invited to join us in the first I appreciate this and the previous the artifacts in the ground. A treasure Central States Numismatic Society'S letter by Mr. Tahberer. His perspective trove law like that in Britain would do Money Hunt at the 66'h CSNS Con­ as a citizen of Turkey is invaluable in more good for Ihe people and the vention in SI. Louis, Missouri. Start­ the overall discussion of import and archaeological sites than any myo­ ing at 12:00 noon on Saturday May ownership restriction of ancient collect­ pic efforts to re cover a few already Jlh, 2005, anyone age 17 and young­ ibles. Each time I read about the at­ discovered artifacts. er attending the CSNS Convention tempts to restrict collecting I am quick­ On the topic of counterfeits, I want­ can participate in an exciting new ly driven to frustration. I tru ly cannot ed to address a few points Mr. Walker program for young people. Hunt understand where the academic per­ made in his letter. He cites the cost of through the maze of dealers' tables spective on cultural property comes studying counterfeits as one reason the for clues that will uncover mysteri­ from. The Hague convention of 1954 information is not more widely dissem­ ous coins. Enter a drawing to win followed WWII and sought to protect inated. I agree that cost is always a valuable prizes by completing the cathed rals, monuments, museums, consideration and that the IAPN is not Money Hunt. Get lots of free good­ and other places of historical signifi­ obligated to give the material away. ies just for participating and have an cance. So far, so good, a noble and However, the IAPN is a very limited awesome day! For more info, please understandable goal: Let us not blow organization and I truly believe that contact: up each other's timeless treasures. spreading knowledge is one of the Katie Heinrich But, by 1970, the UNESCO convention greatest goods in the world. I would like khcoins @fuse.netor (which the US thankfully accepted only to see a more open and widespread p.o. Box 446, Miamitown, OH 45041

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April2005 5 The Mystery of the Left­ Facing Denarius ------the rarest coins. Thereforc. by John Bitner it was not surpris in g that the probability of finding a left-facing de narius in a When viewing a museum collec­ eNG catalogue was 3.0% ti on, an auct ion catalogue or a deal­ vs . 0.7% on E-bay. er's web site. you wil l notice Ihal the I also di sco vered the portraits on the obverse of Ihe Vtlst percentage of left -facing majority of Roman imperial denarii denarii was not evenly di s­ f

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April2005 7 cept for one ... Faustina Senior. Faustina Se­ nior had a un ique hair­ style. Her braided hair was tucked in on the left side of her head. pulled over from the right side and then coiled on the top of he r head in much the same way as 11 modern French bun hair-style (Figures I. 2, and 3). In addi­ tion to po rtrait busts of Fausti­ na Senior in the Vatican and Capitoline mu­ seums in Figure 2- Faustina Sr. portrait facing righl. Figure 3-Faustilla Sr. portrait from back. Romc, , dis- covcred 11 por­ trait bust in the Amhcrst College Mu­ Table 1 seum collection . In every case, her hair was styled in a similar way. Now I Left-Facing Denarius Population Survey needed to find a left-facing Faustina Senior denarius. Personage Imill # Left % Left Alk r several months of searching, Augustus 32 I finally found and purchased a left­ 419 7.6 facing Faustina denarius on Ebay and Nero Claudius Dru sus 6 6 100.0 had it authenticated by David Sear Claudius 54 3 5.6 (Figure 4). Her hairstyle is different Nero 132 I 0.8 from the typical right-facing denari us (Figure 5). In her right-facing profile, Galba 98 2 2.0 the braids arc clearly visible as they Olho 82 4 4.9 arc pulled over and up to form the Vitelli us 174 I 0.6 coiled bun on the top of her head. However, on the left-facing denarius, Vespasian 587 24 4.1 her hair appears to be tucked ill with Titus 196 6 3.1 the actual braids coming from the right Domitian 427 5 1.2 side of her head. This suggests that the left profile of the portrait bust was used Trajan 437 3 0. 7 as a model for the left-facing denarii and Hadrian 410 8 2.0 right-facing denarii were modeled from Sabina 47 2 4.3 a right-facing portrait bust. It is difficult to understand why Aeli us 43 2.3 left-facing denarii occurred more fre ­ Antoninus Pius 339 2 0.6 quently during the reign of some em­ Faustina Senior 160 0.6 perors but not during the reign of oth­ Marcus Aurelius 195 I 0.5 ers. David Sear has suggested that the left-facing denarii were due 10 the ar­ Faustina Junior 153 2 1.3 tistic tastes of certain emperors or mint Luci us Verus 98 1. 0 masters. This may indeed be true. I Septimius Severus 828 6 0.7 have observed that many left -facing first century dena rii are attributed to Juli a Domna 312 2 0. 6 the Roman mint in Spain. Caracalla 580 I 0.2

8 The Celator Want Your Ancient Coins Graded, Authenticated and Encapsulated? Well, here's all you need! In addition to grading. authenticating and encapsulating your ancient coins, ICG will attribute your coins. The attributions w ill include: • Approximate d ate or date range • Issuing empire, city or region) 8 • Denomination • Ruler or authority I CG • Metal type • Weight (if space is available on label) INDEPEN DENT " Please photocopy this form and send it with your coins via USPS Registered mail to: Com GRADINGCOMPA""" ICG • 7901 E. Belleview Avenue, Suite 50 • Englewood, CO 80111 INSTRUCTIONS: (Please follow exactly or if you have a question call James Taylor toll-free 877-221-4424 ext.203.)

A. Name Invoice # assigned Address

City Date received

State Zip+4 Phone Verified

Fa>< E-mail # Coins in box B. Line# Date Mint Denomination MSor Country or VarietylAttribution Estimated Mark Proof? Authority Value

4

7 If you need more space, simply photocopy form as many times as needed. c Payment Worksheet Payment Worksheet Payment Worksheet Ancients or World D. PAYMENTCALCULATIONS, 0 1 Day $100 = $----(.) .01 coins fee per coin 0 5 Day $50 , $ 3 $ (b) Intercept fee 0 15 Day $30 , $ 5 = $______(c) optional ~ 01 coins lor varietylanri but;"" lee o Economy GOld $30 varietylattribution o Economy Non-Gold $20 Return registered postage, Insurance, Intercept box (valued at $15), = $--::---,,$ "'24"----_ (d) packaging & handling (Flat rate per order. Thi s covers only the costs of return ing the coins Orders can not be to you. You are responsible for sending your coins insured to leG.) processed unless payment is , _____ (' 1 included with the order. TOlallnvoice (a+b+c-+

NEED MORE INFORMATION? Card number ______E xp. Date' ______Call James Taylor toll-free 877-221-4424 x 203 Orders can nol be processed unless payme nt is included with the order. FAX 303-221 -5524 [email protected] Date' ______==Signature======-======c-===.- (This Submission Form must De signed fo r your order to De processed) __

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Figure 5-0bverse of a Faustina Sr. denarius with her bust facing right. ANTIQUA INC. RIC 343. • Specializing in ancient art and numis­ Regardless of whether it was artis­ tic taste or that two celators were matics with an emphasis on quality, working from a single model at the rarity, and desirability same time, the left-facing Faustina Senior denarius suggests th at the left­ • Over 25 years of professional expertise facing denarii portraits were modeled • Regular and active presence in the from left-facing portrait busts and right-facing denarii portraits were international marketplace modeled from right-facing busts.

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• Appraisals, market advice, liquidation About/he au/hor- l ohn Bitner is a Se­ advice and professional courtesy to all nior Vice President and the Chief invest­ interested parties ment Officer of Eastern Bank, Boston. He has long been interested in archaeol­ • Visit our web site: Antiquainc.com ogy and ancient history. Ancient coin collecting serves as a focus fo r his ex­ A fully illustrated cataLogue sell! upon requesT ploration of the origins of modem be­ liefs. traditions and symbols. John is a 20969 VENfURA BLVD. , SUITE #11 TEL: 818-887-0011 member of the Society Historia Numor­ WOODlAND HIIJ5, CA 91364 FAX: 818-887-0069 urn, an active group of ancient coin col­ E-Mail: [email protected] lectors in the Boston area.

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April200S 11 CISTOPHORIC TETRADRACHMS AN OVERVIEW opinion that the coinage began in 166 were only used externally and the lat­ by Robert M. Har/ick BeE, Morkholm in 175 BeE and Price ter on ly used internally. suggests 180 BeE. The main mint was Pergamum, and The cislophorus was the chief cur­ Cistophori are rarely found outside the weight and style remained the rency of Asia Minor for over 300 Attalid territory. Foreign coins are same until 133 BC E when Attalus Ill, years. It weighed about 12.5 grams rarely found in hoards containing cis­ the last Pergamene ki ng. being child­ on average. The obverse displays a tophori, notwithstanding the fact that less, bequeathed the kingdom to wicker basket (cista mystica) within cistophori are easily convertible into Rome. Even after 133 BCE the cisto­ an ivy wreath with a snake coming out both Rhodi an and Attic tetradrachms. phori continued to be produced on the of the basket, and the reverse depicts This can only make sense if these coins same standard with exactly the same a bow case with snakes entwined [Fig­ had a higher value in the area con­ types until 58 BCE, except that pro­ ure II. Some of them arc dated and troll ed by the Pergamene kings than Ihe consuls' names appear on the coins in have a monogram showing the city for amount of silver in the coin would Latin as do the names of other offi­ which it was struck, but not necessar­ warrant (such as for the payment of cials in Grcek between 58 and 48 BCE. ily the city in which it was struck. taxes). In that case, the coills would In 39 BCE Mark Antony issued two By weight the cistophoric tel­ not be exported. Although the coins types celebrating his marriage to Au­ radrachm was convertib le into three did not bear a royal portrai t, they were gustus' sister, Octavia. The coins were

Figwe I Figure 2 Figure 3

Ro man denarii. Thecistophorus approx­ royal issues. It has been suggested that probably struck in Ephesus and weigh imated the Rhodian weight standard , within the kingdom a eistophorus had circa 12 grams. Antony was acclaimed and fo ur cis tophori equaled about three the buy in g power of an Atti c tet­ the " new Dionysus" at Ephesus. The Attic tetradrachms (one Attic tet­ radrachm (which would be a 25% over­ first type shows jugate busts of Ant­ radrachm being a little over 16 grams) . valuation), and that in melting down ony and Octavia and on the reverse is The elsta mystica itself, as well as Attic tetradrachms and in re-coin ing Dionysus standing on a cista with snakes the ivy leaves, allude to Dionysus them at about the 12 gram weight, the [Figure 2]. The other coin shows Ant­ from whom the Pe rgamene kings royal treasury realized a tremendous ony's head wearing an ivy wreath and claimed descent and who was highly profit. One wri ter is of the opinion that on the reverse a draped bust of Octavia honored in Pergamum. The actual date full weight Attic tetradrachms ( 16.00 above a cista with snakes. of origin of the coinage has stirred up grams) were contemporaneously is­ With this introduction, we come to the some controversy. Kl einer was of the sued with the cistophori, but the former much more varied imperial issues com­ mencing with the issues of AuguslUs.

Augustan Cistophori

The Augustan cistophori have eight different reverses, some of the most varied unti l Domitian and Hadrian. The amount of sil ver necessary to pro­ c(llalogue 011 req"e ~' 1 duce these coins was great, and much of it was obtained by melting down KIRK DAVIS pre-Augustan cistophori. The earliest issue of Augustus was Classical Numismatics struck in 28 BCE and has a PAX re­ Post Office Box 324, Claremont, CA 91711 verse IFigure 3]. As he did not have the ti tle "Augustus" until 27 BCE, this Tel: (909) 625-5426 kirk @ancientgreek.net ,.-

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April2005 13 issue does not bear that title. One of has grain cars on it. which signifies a gram. From a style standpoint, the the most beautiful of the Augustan is­ bountiful economy or the return of Augustan issues were "westernized". sues has a sphinx on its reverse [Fig­ plenty. This reverse is also used by Except for the PAX issues, the cista ure 4J, which was a very short-l ived some of the later emperors. Another mystica was no longer used on these issue in comparison to his other issues. issue has an altar and hinds reverse, coins (wh ich are still called cisto­ At about that time, Augustus changed and the re is one with the cult figure phori). These issues were struck at his personal seal from that of a sphinx of the Ephesian Diana that suggests a Ephesus and Pergamum. to a Capricorn symbol. working mint at Ephesus.

Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Augustus' head varies in size and The weight standard of the Au­ Claudian Cistophori look on his issues. Some of his coins gustan cistophori varies between have a lituus on the obverse, which 11. 85 grams to 12.05 grams (with a The production of the cistophori appears to bc scarce and symbolized few higher and lower at ei ther end). ceased in 18 BCE and was not resumed the fact that he became an Augur in The last Augustan issue was struck be­ until the time of Claudius, about sixty 29 BCE and emphasized his "divine tween 20 BCE and 18 BCE in Perga­ years later. guidance". His head generally faces to mum. The reverse of one type shows His cistophoric coinage was prob­ the right, although some of his earli er a five-column temple of Mars and ab ly issued for commemorative pur­ issues have a left-facing head, which varies in weight more than other types poses and they were all struck in 50- appear to be qui te scarce. with a low of 11.65 grams to 12.15 51 CEo The vast issue of Augustus One of his more common reverses grams - a difference of about one-half stayed in circulation until its re-coin­ age by Hadrian, and thus there was no need for a larg e Claud ian issue. His first issue was in his name alone with hi s head on the obverse, and the reverse with the temple of ROM ET AVG at Pcrgamum on one issue and the temple of DIAN EPHE on anoth­ er; however, both issues were proba­ bly struck at Ephesus ca. 50 CEo His second issue was struck in 51 CE at Ephesus with his head on the obverse and lhal of his Ihen wife, Agrippina II , on the reverse. The next issue has jugate busts of Clau­ dius and Agrippina II on the obverse with the Ephesian cult statue on the reverse [Figure 5]. The last Claudi­ an coin is that of the head of young Nero (Agrippina's son), signifying his adoption by Claudius and his being g iven principate honors in 51 CEo This probably sealed the ulti­ mate fate of Claudius' son by Mes­ salina, Britannicus, who was three Visit our website www.astartesa.com years younger than Nero. Britanni­ cus was murdered in 55 CE, shortly after Nero became emperor. While the weight of Claudian cis­ lophori dropped by about 6% to 10.80-10.90 grams, the quality of the si lver was finer perhaps to compen­ Astarte SA· Via Cantonale, l/a • CH-6900 Lugano Switzerland sate for the weight difference. Phone +41 91 9233640· Fax +41919232718· [email protected]

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April2005 15 Flavian Cistophori Titus struck coins for himself as were also coins struck with Domitia well as hi s brother, Domitia n. Their on the obverse with both a Venu s and No cislOphori we re struck agam issues were probably struck in 8 1 a Vesta type as their reverses. until Flavian times. The mint of some CEo The coins wi th Titu s' portrait Afte r the de ath of Juli a Ti t i, of thcse coins may have been Rome. have two reverses: legionary stan· Domit ian's niece and second wife, although possibly also in Ephesus or dards [Fi gure 61 and tha t of the Cap­ he issued a consecration co in wi th Pergamum. Generall y, they are clas­ itoli ne Temple. and the reverses o f her head on the obverse and Ve sta sifi ed as "uncertain of Asia Minor". Domi tian have one with the altar o f on the reverse [Figure 8].

~J

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9

There is one known example of a the deified Vespasi an and one with Finally, in ca. 95 CEo Domitia n cislophorus struck under Yespasian. Domitian on a horse. struck coins that had reverses of the perhaps struck in 72 CEo The reverse In 82 CEo when Domi tian W:IS legionary standards, gmin ears and the is simil ar to a Claudi an iss ue (RPC emperor, he issued c istophori with two-column temple containing fig ­ 222 1) with a two-column temple and these reverses: th e legionary stan­ ures of Augustu s and Rome (similar fi gures of Augustu s and Roma in it. dards, the Capitoline Temple o f Ju· to th e unique coin o f Yespasian and This coin was possibly struck at Ephe­ piter Optimu s Max imu s (which con­ coins of Claudius). sus. There lIre also two COn!cmpora­ tain s statues o f Juno. Jupiter and The Fl:lV ian weights average be· neous plated forgeries with a di ffer­ Minerva wi thin [Fi gure 71). as weJl tween 10 .20 to 10.30 grams, with some ent reverse: a six-column temple with as one with the reverse having a por­ lighter and some heavier. The fi ne­ no figures. trai t of his wife, Domitia. There ness of the silver was 90%+, but that also varies !O some extent.

Nerva and Trajan C islophori Edward J. Waddell, Ltd. The cistophori of Nerva were Ancient Coin Speci "l ist struck in 97-98 CE (possibly at Per­ gamum) and excepl for a new reverse (templc within where Nerva is being crowned by Fortuna(?) holding a cor­ nucopia) LFigure 9], hi s issues contin­ ued th e reverses of his predecessors: [ 'f cagle and standards, wheat ears, and temple of Diana of Perge. The style is of Asia Minor and the coins aver­ age 10 grams. Trajan's coins were struck in 98· 99 CEo and geneml1 y have reverses si milar to that of Nerva such as stan­ dards [Figure 10) and one where Ncr­ va is being crowned, but the fi gure is of Trajan instead of Nerva. The styles of the Cislophori of Nerva and Trajan are uniform.

Hadrian C istophori

The Hadrian cistophori hav e the most varied revcrses of the cistophoric issues. They were struck in at least 21 known mints and some add itiona l PO. Box 3759, Fre derick, MD 2 1705 mints that have not yet been identified. Phon e: <,~ Ol) 4n-8f>()() (>T (HOO) 3S t.(,3% Fax: 00 t) 473·871(,· f.· mail:<; d ~h: n;n .c nm

16 The Celator NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA NAC AG Auction 29 May 11,2005 Important series of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins, including an exceptional collection of Republican, Imperatorial and Imperial denarii.

Auction P May 12, 2005 Interesting serjes of Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins, including a choice of coins of Magna Graecia and Sicily from the AD.M. collection.

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April2005 17 Dr. William E. Metcalf states that all counting. These coin s more often than [Figure II], emperor on horse [Figure of Hadrian's issues were overstruck on not have visible undertypes. 12J, and a nude Aphrodite [Figure 13]. flans of Augustus and Mark Antony Although the nans of Augustus and With the exception of Ephesus, Sardes (the three known Hadrian coins over­ Antony's coins are two grams heavier and Smyrna, local ethnics are not on struck on cistophori of Claudius were than the restruck coins of Hadrian, the the coins, which suggests some cen­ probably done so mistakenly by a mint old flans have not been turned or tral control over the restriking. Per­ worker). No Hadrian pre-Antony shavcd before restriking. Even worn ha ps the persons holding worn coins overstrikes are known. coins of Augustus and Antony show a were gi ven a short time to take them

Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12

While the Augustan cistophori av­ one-half gram loss (no more) - what to one of the nearby local mints (which eraged 12 grams in weight, the Clau­ has happened to the one and one-half we re spread over the area) to enable dian weight of 10 grams remained the missing grams? the coins 10 be re-tariffed as result of same through Hadrian. Hadrian's cistophoric coins began a fresh restrike. The problem caused by the prac­ in 128 CE, and the issue stopped per­ Around the time of the restriking tice of bankers discounting worn coins haps as early as 130 CEo The reverses of the coins, in 129 C E, Hadrian (even ifnot substantially underweight) are quite varied with Hell en ic, Roman founded his pan-Hellenic program in was solved by the restrik ing of worn and Asian types depicting the three an attempt to unify the Greek cities, flans which provided the coins with a great cultures on these coins. Some which were often at odds with each fresh appearance and thus avoided dis- examples are a Cult statue of Kore other. especially in Asia. Hadrian's cislophoric coinage was perhaps in­ tended to have unifying qualities - even if cosmet ic. The pan-Hellenic program did not outlast Hadrian. Had rian also struck cistophori out­ side of the normal a rea - in th e Bithynian Commune - the only em per­ or to do so. The reverse legend on ebtebal many issues is COM BIT and on oth­ ers COS III. The reverses are temples, eight, four, and two-column, some with a figure of Augustus or Hadrian ~t[btr in the temple, with or without a female figure representing Fortuna or Roma. There are also issues with wheat­ cars, with Demeter, and with the genius of the Roman people. Dr. $8 Metcalf is of the opin ion that the introductio n of this coinage in Curious about medieval as a natural complement to your ancient Bi thynia was also an attempt to se­ collection, but don't want to invest much until you know you like cure unification of that province. it? Then start small and prunless. For every $8 you send, I' ll send The cistophoric coinage of Hadri­ an is large and varied. For more in­ you a different medieval coin ... $ 16 for 2 different, $32 for 4 formation on these issues, Dr. Met­ different, $80 for 10 different, etc. With 12 different get a free calf's major sfudy, The Cistophori of copy orWalker's Reading Medieval European Coins. Please add Hadrian, should be consulted. Finally, Hadrian struck two very $2 postage per order. rarc coins with Sabin a's portrait; one [email protected] wi th Sabina on the reverse (two (845) 434-6090 kn own) and one unique(?) coin with llen G. Berman FAX (845) 434-6079 .".., ~."" .,... " Sabina on the obverse and Cybele on ...... u .s . orders add S2 postage ~ P.O. Box 60S·E o. e.-seas o

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April 2005 19 Sever-til "Cistophori" imperial, and the reverses do not general­ WilUam E. Metcalf, TIle Cis/ophori o/Hadri­ ly confonn to earlier issues. They were iIn, Numismatic Studies No. 15, Ameliean Nu­ The last group of coins to be considered probably struck between 198 and 202 CE. mismati<.: Society (New York [980). was those struck under the Severans. These In view of their weights and styles, they Wilham E. Mct<.:alf, 'The Sevcran ''Cislo­ phori", Vol. XC, RivesTa ilaliallll Numismatica e rare coins vary in weight from 7.46 gnuTlS to may not be cistophori at al l. Scienze Affini (Mil an 1988). 10.40 grams with the median weight closer 0110 Morkho[m, "Some Retlections on References to 8 gr::mlS. Coins were struck with JX)rtrait~ the Early Cistophoric Coinage", Vol. 24, Robert Bauslaugh, "Cistophori<.: Countcr- of Septimius, Julia Domna, Caracalla IFig- Museum Notes, American Numismatic So·

Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15

nlillks in the Monetary System of Eumenes n", ciety (New York 1979). ure l5J a nd Geta, (Roman Imperial Coin· Vol. I SO, Numismntic Chronicle (London 1m) C. V. H. Sutherland, The Cis/opliori ofAII­ age [RIC] does not list a specimen for Fred S. Kleiner, "Datoo Cistophori ofEphc­ gustus, Special Publication No.5, Royal Nu­ Geta, but the ANS has one of G eta in its sus", Vol. 18, Museum NOles, American Numis­ mismatic Society (London 1970). collc<.:1ion that was acquired in 1975.) mutic Socicty (New York [972). Fred S. Kleiner and Sidncy Noc, The £ur­ RlCdoes not cal! thecoins for Julia Dam­ Catalogs ly Cistophoric Coinage, Numismutic Studies na cistophori, but calls them "medallions". ROllulI! Provincial Coins, Vol. I (1992). pp. No. 14, American Numismatic Society (New All of the Severan "cistophori" have an R3 376-380 (Augustus through Claudius) and Vol. York 1977). rating iorrarity in RIC. Dr. Metcalf suggests I[ (1999), pp. 131 - 134 (F1avians). Fred S. Kleiner. "Further Rellections on that the Severan "cistophori" were minted in Classical Numismatic Group, In c., Vari­ the Early CistophoricCoinage"', Vol. 25, Muse­ ousAuction and Mail Bid Catalogs (Lancast­ Cappadocia whcre a legion was present, as American Numismatic Society um No/es . cr. Pennsylvania). the themcs on the issucs were military and (New York 1980). Coin<; Figures [2, [3, 14, and 15 are from thecoHec­ tion of Ben L. Damsky. 46, rue Vivienne Figures 4, R, and 9 are courtesy of Classical F -75002 PARIS Numismatic Group, and the balmJCe of the fig­ : 33(0)1 42.33.25.99 ures are from collection of author. C.G.B.tel E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgments I wish to thank Dr. William E. Metcalf for reading this paper to advise me as to any http://www.cgb.fr material misstatements. Obviously, all mis­ statements (material or otherwise) arc mine. 100.000+ images - 100.000+ pages I wish also to thank John Jencek for his e); ­ cellent coin photographs of the Damsky and uuthor's <.:oins. Thi s material was originally presented as a talk to the members of the San Francisco MAIL BID SALES: Ancient Numismatic Society.

"MONNAIES" AboUl/he {/I//hor- Robcrt M. Harlick ha~ been a member of the San FranciscoAncient Numismatic Society and the American Nu­ FIXED PRICE LISTS: mismatic Society fo r about 30 years, and the "ROME" RoyaJ Numismatic Society fo r more than 20 years. He has given a number of talks over "MODERNES" the years to the San Francisco Ancient Nu­ m i ~ m atic Society, and at various times he has "JETONS" been president, viee president. secretary and treasurer of the San FranciscoANS. He prac­ "BILLETS" tices estate planning and probate law in San Francisco and was an Adjunct Profcssor of Law at Golden Gate University School of Law for about 25 years.

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P.O. Box 7822 O8IIas, TX 15209 JVumismatist 214-725-4300 2 1 ~~(Fax) WWW.GLENNWOODS.COM .... --.""'" April2005 21 Editorial cont. from page 2 Davissons Ltd. Auction 22 Features Coins the case with the similar legislation that of All Periods; Closes on April 28th died last year al the end of the legislati ve session, this bill is predicated in part on COLD SPRIN G, MN-Davissons any other rewards those with an eye the erroneous assumption that "100 per­ Ltd. announced its Auction Twenty­ for art, beauty and style, contains cent of the objects [from the Afghan Na­ Two, a mail bid sale that will close several coins that measure up to the th tional M useum] were stolen or vandal­ on April 28 , 2005. This auction fea­ finest in Greek coinage. An extreme­ ized." It is certainly troubling that such tures many Greek and Roman coins ly fine tetradrachm of Akanthos, test erroneous infonnation continues to be used selected for artisti c merit, beauty cuts and all, is almost breathtaking to justify potentially devastating import re­ and value, as well as coins of the in its beauty and the banker's marks strictions on the small businesses of the Dark Ages, an extensive offering of add a sense of historical immediacy. numismatic trade. (As has been reported coins of the British Isles from ancient Look for the special Tarentine staters in The Celafor, the effect of any restric­ Celtic to medieval hammered to ear­ wi th rarity, great style, and superb tions is \0 shift the burden of proor on ly mil led, Viking, medieval Europe­ co ndition, and many large si lver piec­ "provenance" issues onto the importer, an, American colonial, an d British es selected for artistic merit and based on nothing more than a photo­ tokens and historical medals. broad flan size, including Lysima­ graph of a like kind item on a U.S. Cus­ The Greek silver section, the chos , Demetrios Poliorketes. and toms web sitc. Moreover, U.S . Customs great c lassic area that more than Kyme tetradrachms, rare staters of imposes these restrictions on items com­ the Lycian dynasts and Tarsos, and ing from third countries, like the U.K., a pleas ing collect ion of Pa rth ian France or Germany. There is no require­ drachms. A nice offering of bronzes ment for Customs to trace shipmcnts completes the Greek section . directly back to the country for which The Roman section includes many restrictions are being imposed.) pieces of great style and presence, An earlier version of this article, pre­ including a superb, almost sculptur­ pared before it was learned that Congress­ al example of the historic Republican man English 's bill had been re introduced, serrate denarius Mam ilia 6 portray­ appeared as a guest commenl1uy in Coin ing Mercury and Ulysses with his dog World in the M arch 14th, 2005 issue. Argus. The strength of the section lies primarily in the high quality bronzes however, including excep­ ti onal sestertii of Trajan, Herennia Etruscilla, Julia Mamaea, Commo­ dus, Philip, and Gordian Il l, pieces from an old European collection that demonstrate what was available a century or two ago-broad lIans, and clean untooled portraits. Nice exam­ ples of ra ri ties such as Magnia Urbi­ ca, Vetran io and Procopius and a superb silvered antoninianus of Car­ ausius fo ll ow. The catalog also includes a col­ lection of sixteen coins of the Dark Ages, the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards, and an extensive and im­ pressive offering of coins of the Brit­ ish Isles. Coi ns of all but two of the Engli sh monarchs after the Norman Conquest until the mid-twentieth cen ­ tury are represented. Mary Queen of Scots is represented by both the rare portrait testoon and half testoon, both in the fine Continental style. In the trade token section you will find a superb example of the rare and fas ­ cinating Milton's penny, as well as the Uncharitable Monopolizer in bot h copper and white medal, accompa­ nied by the rare original descriptive wrapper. Stunningly beautiful histor­ us Office : eNG, Inc., PO Box 479, Lancaster PA 176(18-0479 Te l; (717) 390·9194 Fax; (717) 390·9978 ical medals include a series of beau­ London Office: eNG, In c., 14 Old Bond Street, London W15 4Pp, UK tifully toned medals of Queen Anne, Tel: +44.20.7495.1888 Fax: +44.20.7499.5916 continued on page 45 ... 22 The Celator Bidders Pounce on Ancient Greek, Kyzikene Elec­ trum and Indian Gold in a Busy New York Sale 1M NEW YORK-In a steady sale to a added, " was quite a success, so 3 3 full room, interest-levels in archaic much so that we have decided that (Boston types continued to be high, Kyzikene starting next year, it will be held in MFA elect rum staters once again made a two sessions over two nights." 1 50 3 ) splash, and a large ancient, medieval As evidenced by demand, the ro­ depict­ and Mughallndian section performed bust, strident style of archaic types ing Athe­ admirably in The New York Sale IX. in the sale were of appeal to bidders. na wear­ Held January 13th , 2005 at the Wal­ Lot #13, an attractive 'old-pedigree' ing a tri­ dorf Astoria in New York City, the nomos of Kaulonia, ca. 510-490 BC, p I e - sale, includ ing Auction X (Russian depicting Apollo with a small running crested Coins and Medals), realized a total figure on his arm an d a stag, in Near Allic hel­ of $ 1,426,317.00 (this figure ex­ EF, broughl $7,750, over 40% above met (lot cludes the 12% buyer's premium). estimate. A Cypriot stater of uncer­ #86) so ld for $15,000, while a VOn Conducted by the triumvirate of tain mint, ca. 515-485 BC, in VF (101 Fritze 145 (Boston MFA 1530) show­ Baldwin's Auctions Ltd ., London; #113) , bearing the head of roaring ing a kneeling Zeus in fine classic Dmitry Markov Coins & Medals, New lion on the obverse and a bull's head style (lot #88), garnered $14,000. York; and M&M Numismatics, Wash­ with the Cypriot syllabics Sa and Phi Rare bronzes also did well. A very ington , D.C., the sale was again on the reverse fetched $4,000. An ra re bronze of Cyprus, for example, made up of two paris. Tota li ng 386 early Milesian reclining lion electrum with Cleopatra VII cast as Aphrodite lots, Auction IX offered some 251 lots stater, meanwhile, in VF (lot #101), holding Ptolemy XV Caesarian as of ancient coins, with the balance ca. 580-560 BC - an ever popular Eros, in Fine, estimated at $250 com­ World coinage, which included im­ type, realized $4,100. - both lots manded a final bid of $1,400 - his­ portant Indian and Chinese sections. 60% over estimate. to ri c figures and the firm demand for Auction X presented over 350 lots of The offering of 5'1> to early 4'1> cen­ Cypriot co in s as always factors in the Russian coins and medals. tury BC Kyzikene elect rum staters, pricetag. "T his structure continues to be a likewise, brought in strong prices, winn ing combination," said Dmitry with most lots seeing over estimate Markov. "The New York Sale," he figures. An EF example of von Fritze continued on page 45 ...

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April2005 23 o 1feaM. tue oed ~ .ur.twoe! Let "6t IWe'< eM d.tUd -t 7te= eH-te4 eM.. ""... d646 .... Let .,." de """"-. oed ",,,.ur.teuud. Hamlet Act 3 Scene 2 382-384 that woul d not arouse suspicion. Poison 'The fi rst idea proposed was a mechani­ by David A. Wend was out of the question since Agrippina cal device (reponed only by Suetonius) had developed immunity (Suetonius nev­ Anicetus knew aboUilhat could be placed ertheless claims that three attempts were in the ceiling of Agrippina's bedroom and The Lady Was Bad News made to JXlison her INero 34.21). Di rect dislodge the sUPJXlrts, causing the ceiling Agrippina's loss of favor with Nero attack could not be ctuTied out since there to fall in and crush her as she slept. Pre­ left her open to attack. Junia Silana. who sumably, this device was to be install ed in had been a close friend. brought charges one of Agrippina's residences, whi ch is that the empress was conspiring 10 re­ why the plot could not help but be leaked place her son with Rubcllius Plau t us. and abandoned. Another suggestion of What was so alarming was thaI Pl autus, Anicetus concerned a mechanical boat th at through hi~ blood relations hip to had appeared in a theatrical performance. Tibcrius, had the same degree of rela­ The boat opened up to lei oul several ani­ tionship 10 Augustus as Nero. The ac­ mals. then closed and sailed on. This col­ cusation failed when Agrippina vigor­ lapsing bo..'It, however clever the design, ously defended herself. turning the was an impractical device and the build­ tables on her accusers, who wefC punished ing of such a boat would be difficult to instead (AI/II. 13.21). Agrippill u wa~ ex­ keep secret to say noth ing of employing onerated :'lnd rCSlored to her former innu­ such a complicated machine just to kill one cnee. and the p1:m to remove Agril)pina, woman. Suelonius says the plan was to which m:ly have had Nero's approval, either shipwreck or crush Agrippina in a lempormly tu rned the clock back. collapsing cabin, which, presumabl y, is his Thercason given for Agrippina's mur­ confusion with the collapsing bedroom der is thai Poppaca wantcd to be married. (Nero 31 .2, 34.2;AIIII. 14.3; Dia6 1. 12.2). She refused to accept her place as Nero's The murder was planned for Ihe festi­ mistress and blamed Agri ppina as the im­ val of Minervil. held from March 19-23. pediment 10 a d ivorce from OClavia. Ncro spell! the festival al Baiae in the Bay Tacitus docs nOl claim Ihnl Poppaea was of Naples. Agrippina wa"atAntium when directly involved in Agrippina's murder she received Nero's wann invitati on to join ilnd suggests Ihat Ncro had been contem­ him. She proceeded to sail down the coast plating this crime fo r some time (AliI!. and disembarked in the bay, near her villa 14.59.5. 14.60). But even afler Agrippim was no one among the Praetorians who at Bauli. where she was met by Nero. was removed, it was another three years was reliable (AliI!. 14.3. 1-2: f)io 61.12.2). However. Dio says thnt Nero accornpa­ before Nero divorced his wife. Nero was It was his old tutor Anicctus. the prefect nied his mother from Antium aboard the convinced that Agrippina would be a bur­ of the Misenium fleet, who carne to the collapsible ship in order to put any suspi­ den to him and he feared her influence rescue; he was someone that Nero trusted cions to rest (61.12.3). Since Agrippina with the Pr'Jc torians. Once he had decided and he hatedAgrippina. a fee ling thm was had traveled a lengthy distance she prob­ to kill his mother, Nero needed a method reciprocated (AIIII. 14.3.5, 62.3). ably planned to spend several days in the area, culminating with Nero's banquet. She had been warned that Nero was plan­ ning to kill her but nevertheless made the MORTON & EDEN LTD journey 10 Baiae by Iiller (AIIII. 14.4). in association with Sothebys 45 Maddox Street London WIS 2PE When Agrippina arrived she was wrumly welcomed, given many gifts and was Auctions, Valuauons and Sales of treLled li ke visiting royalty (Dia 61.13.1 - Ancient, Islamic and \X/o rld Coins, 2). Nero gave his mother the seat of ho nor a nd the spirited conversatio n Medals, Decorations and Banknotcs made her forget her fears. The banquet went on until after midnight when ev­ Please contact James 1I lortfHl, T(ltTI l':{lcn or eryone went down to the shore where several vessels were moored. Di o says Steve Lloyd for advice on buying or ~cllin~ Nero embraced his mother saying as she or to be Induded 011 our mailing li s!. sailed: " For you I Jive, through you J rule" (61.1 3.2; AnI!. 14.4; Nero 34.2; lelephone +44 (0)207493 5344 hx +44 (0)20 7495 6.125 (·mail info@moTlOn:lIldcdcn.com Gell. 2.21.7).

24 The Celator Tacitus reports that the sea was calm wounding of Agrippina may have been her strong connections with the Pmetori­ and there were stars shining but no moon the resuJt of such acollision, but thecvenlS ans Agrippina did not seek their protec­ (AnI! . 14.5). One of Agrippina's servants, wcre covered up leaving much specula­ tion. Instead, she feigned ignorance and Crepereius Gallus, was standing near the tion over what happened. If an accident scnt her freedman Agerinus with a mes­ tiller whi le another, Acerronia Pa lla, was occurred, Crepereius Gallus was proba­ sl'lge for the emperor imonning him thaI bent over Agri ppina's feet as she reclined bly piloting the ship and was killed in the she had survived a dangerous accident. on a couch set under a canopy on deck. collision. The force of the impact may Nero spent a sleepless night waiting for The two women were talking over the hap­ have thrown Agrippina and Accrronia news but he was unprepared to learn that py events of the banquet. Then, on a giv­ overboard, where the latter was killed in Agrippina was alive. He was terrified that en signal, the canopy above the women, the churning oars of the trireme and Agrip­ his mother would rally the Praetorians to which had been weighted with lead, col­ pina was slightly wounded. News of the her side and summoned Seneca and Bur­ lapsed, crushing C repereius to death. accident would also explain why crowds rus, who must have been staying in the Agrippina and Acerronia wcre saved by gathered at Agrippina's villa. area. Tacitus left it an open question that the height of the couch. The mechanism Tacitus reports that Agri ppina was either knew anything about the murder that was to open and sink the ship failed picked up by a fishing boat that landed beforehand: Dio claims that Seneca had so the members of the crew who knew her at the Lucine Lake. on the opposite pressed Nero to have his mother killed about the plot, tried to capsizc the boat by shore of the bay from Bauli (AIIII. 14.5). (A nn. 14.7; Dio 61.12.1). However, Sen­ running to one side. Bul before the con­ The boat may have belonged to an oys­ eca and Bunus had no need to haveAgrip­ spirators could get organized, the members terman since the Lucine was famous for pina ki ll ed: she supported them in stress­ of the crew who knew nothing about the its oysters. Agrippina was carried in a Ut­ ing that Nero maintain the groviros ofms plot went to the other side to balancc the ter, presumably supplied by the owners position rather than commit the indignity boat. Somehow, Agrippina and Acerronia of a local villa, and taken to hcr villa at of going on stage. Seneca asked the Pre­ sl id into the water. When Acerronia called Bauli. The group bearing the littcr would fect ifhis troops could be ordered to carry out insisting she was Agrippina, she was have passed Baiae on the way, and it is out the murder, but Bunus responded that dispatched by sailors wielding poles and significant that Agrippina did not stop to the guards. although 10ya1 to Nero, had oars. Agrippina remained silent and swam seek help from her son. Back at her villa, sworn to protect all members of the impe­ toward shore, though wounded in the Agrippina was wrapped in a blanket and rial family. Agrippina, being the daughter shoulder, where she was picked up by a her wound was tended. Tacitus hasAgri p­ ofGennanicus, was revered by the guards fi shing boat. Dio's account differs in that pina ponderi ng over Ihe accident as iflry­ and she had given many of the men their the boat actuall y fall s ap.1I1 but there are ing [0 decide whether or not it was a de­ positions. The resentment that many of not fi shing boats, so Agrippina swam the liberate act (Ann. 14.5-6; OC/avia 127- the Praclorians felt aftertbe murder would distance to shore after consuming a great 13 1,3 10-55). She could have had Few amount of foOO and wine (61.1 3.3). doubts as to Nero's intentions, yel despite There are many concerns over the de­ tails of Tacitus' report. Crcpereius Gallus is standing by the tiller when the canopy collapses, an area of the boat that should have been uncovered. There is also a mix­ up with the mechanisms that are to kill Agrippina: was the boat supposed to si nk and drown the empress or wns Agrippina to be crushed? It appears that the collaps­ ing bedroom was confused with the col­ Your so urce for the best in An cient Coins lapsing boat. TIle conduct of thc crew is Greek, Roman, Byzantine, IslamiC, Indian, suspect. One wonders why only half the Parthian, Sasan ian and East ern Coinage, crew was in on the plot and how so many Over 18 years experience in Numismatics managed to keep the secret. The attempt bu siness. Active ANA Me mber. to capsize the boat seems al most comic. It Please visit our web site for a superb is also strangc that the sailors are so will­ selection of Ancient, Medieval, and ing to ri sk their lives by sinking the boat in Modern Coins as well as the inky darkness of the sea. Antiquit iEi" and Numismatic Books, Suetonius says that in order toconvincc his mother to sai l on the collapsible boat www.parscoins.com Nero had one o f his captains "accidental­ ly" ram her ship as she was sailing to Bai­ Email : [email protected] ae, an incident not mentioned by Tacitus (Nero 34.2). The story of the collapsible Tel. (408)281-3870 boat makes more sense if it is understood Fa x. (408)281-7205 as an actual collision that could have been deliberate or accidental. If Agrippina was sailing to Bauli 011 a moonless night in an P.O. Box 9667 area of high traffic, like the Bay of Na­ San Jose, CA 95157 ples, the probability of 11 crash at sea with a trireme is strong; Tacitus alludcs to such an accident (14.8.1). The deaths of Crcp­ ereius Gallus and Acerronia and the April2005 25 haunt Nero later. Burrus was in no mood Nero turncd his altention to the Senate so unbe[ievahle that Seneca was blamed to clean up someone else's mess and in­ and dispatched a letter, written by Seneca, along with Nero for Agrippina's murder sisted that Anicetus finish the deed. In which was the only official version of what (All/l. 14.11). Despite Tacitus' interpreta­ the meantime, Agerinus had arrived with happened. The letter consisted of attacks tion of events the facts do not bear him Agrippina's message. When the freedman against Agri ppina 's charactcr and accused out. There were acts of gratitude per­ was shown into Nero's presence, a sword her as the force behind all of the treason formed by the Arval Brethren when they was dropped at his feet and he was ac­ trials and political murders going back to met on March 28, and many senators cel­ cused of an attempt on Nero's life, allow­ Claudius' reign. Nero appealed to the prej­ ebrated a thallksgiving Y Annual games ing the emperor a cover story that Agrip­ udices of the senators by stressing Agrip­ were decreed to mark the Festival of Min­ pina had committed suicide when a plot pina's thirst for powcr and accused her of erva and the failure of Agrippina's con­ to kill him had unraveled (Ann. 14.7.6-7; aspiling to control the Practorians. Mcn- spiracy(Ann. [4.12. I). Agrippina's birth­ Nero 34.4; Dio 61.J 3.4; Octavia 361 -5). day was classed among the dies lIe/as/i, Anicetus cord oned off Agrippina 's vil­ as had been the case with her mOlher. [a and had his troops smashed down the Only one senator broke ranks with hi s cntrance. The men entered and seized the colleagues - as Nero's letter was being slaves, followed by Anicetus, Herculeius, read Thrasea Pactus protestcd by [eav­ a trireme captain, and Obaritus, a naval ing the chamber. centurion. They found Agrippina attend­ The events of the murder reported by ed by a single servant, reclining on a Tacitus arc riddled with inconsistencies couch. The fonner empress wus told th3t Ihal grow upon re-readings of his account. orders had been issued by Nero for her The time that elapsed from midnight until death. Agrippina protested th3t such an dawn was hardly long enough for all of order from her son was not possible. Rath­ the events to have taken place. Travel be­ er than allow her to convince them other­ tween Baiae and Bauli took at least an hour wise, Herculcius struck Agrippina's head by horse and certainly much longer by with 3 club 3nd Obmitus drew his sword foot, to say nothing of traveli ng in the to finish the deed. Facing her death, Agrip­ darkY Yet, Agrippina traveled a longer pina bared her stomach and told the cen­ distance, from the opposite side ofthe Bay, turion to strike the womb that had given past Baiae, to her villa at Bauli by litter Nero birth (Ann. 14.8; Dio 6[ .13 .5; Octa­ and then, after contemplating the accident, via 368-74). That night, Agrippina, who send Agerinus to Nero, who had to travel hoped fora funeral as grand 3S Claudius' , at least an hour to rcach Nero. received very modest funeral rites. She Suctonius relates a story in his life of was cremated on the couch she died upon, Otho that has bearing on thc murder of thus disposing of her body and important Agrippina: ''As Ncro's confidant [Otho] evidence at a single stroke. Her ashes were had a finger in all his schemes, and on the buried in an unmarked grave by Agrippi­ day chosen by the emperor for murdeling na's serv3nts and aftcr Nero's death a Bust of Poppaea his own mother, threw evcryone off the modest tomb W3S built on thc road to Mis­ scent by inviting them both to an excep­ enum (Ann. 14.9.2-5). Nero remained tion was made of the shipwreck in lhe re­ tiohall y elegant luncheon party" (Olho haunted by what he had done. He is said POlt, relating that it had becn accidental 3.1). Suetonius also reveals that Otho had to have heard cries coming from his moth­ and the freedman Agerinus had made an been governor of Lusitania for ten years er's grave and trumpeLS sounding on the attempt on the life of the emperor. Was at Nero's death, so the approximate date hills. Nero flcd to Nap[cs but was pur­ this a way of deflectin g further inquiry into of his departure for this province was June sued by his mother's vengeful spirit and the incident of the collapsible boat or con­ 59. Tacitus claims that Nero and Otho had the whips and flaming torches of the Fu­ finn an accidental shipwreck? a falling oul ovcr their jealousy of Pop­ ries. Eventua[ ly, he had expiatory rites Tacitus says the speech was received paea, which necessitaled his appointmcnt performed at Agrippina's grave (Ann. with incredulity. The circumstances of the as governor in 58 (AIIlI. 13 .46). This fiLS 14.10; Nero 34.4; Diu 6 1.14.4). accident and attemptcd assassination were well with the historian's version of events for 59 when Poppaea, supposedly lired of Nero's vacillation, demanded he marry her Roman Egyptian Coins or let her return to Olho. Would thc luxu­ ry-loving Poppaea really consider going to a distant and uncouth province like Lusi­ Bought-SoJd-Traded tania? Rather than Poppaea being the Many Rare Types impetus of Nero's murderous intention toward his mother, it was Agrippina 's op­ No Pricelists position to his singing on stage that prob­ By Appointment ably was the motive. lhe death of Agrippina and the ex.ile of Otho occurred around the same time. John Aiello Possibly Agrippina and Otho were in­ volved in a plot to replace Nero and the j a [email protected] banquet to which the emperor was invited Tel: (973) 728-3865 or (561) 681-0403 may have been a ploy to allay his suspi­ cions. How organized Ihis plot was and 26 The Celator who was involved is very speculative. __ T

Otho had always been ambitious and he _ ~_ na.. . used expressions like "as surely as you will see me Caesar" (Dio 6 1. 11.1). Ancient .2 .... ' COIN SHOWS sources curiously insist that Otho had no ambitions unti l after Nero was dead, and MAY 13, 14, 15, 2005 then the event that sparked his sudden in­ Dealer set-up May 12, 4-BPM terest in the principate was a prediction by the astrologer Scleucus. Ancient sourc­ OCTOBER 21 , 22, 23, 2005 es refleci Otho's propaganda on this sub­ Dealer set-up October 20, 4-8PM ject and not his motivation. (l1ist. 1.22; MAY 12, 13, 14,2006 Suet. Ot1104; Plut. Galba 23.4). When the conspiracy was discovered, Agrippina, Dealer set-up May 11 , 4-BP M certain of her fate, probably committed OCTOBER 27, 28, 29, 2006 suicide. Otho received a more lenient sen­ Dealer set-up October 26, 4-BPM tence, albeit through the intervention of Seneca. Plutarch says Nero wanted to de­ $25 Dea ler Earl y-Bird Fee stroy Otho but was persuaded by Seneca to adopt the diplomatic solution (Galba THE PITTSBURGH EXPOMART 19-20). Otho's being sent to Lusitania as governor was a punishment mther than a RT. 22-EZ off Exit 57 (old Exit 6) PA Turnpike, Monroeville, PA means to get him oul of the way so Nero 145 Tables-Free Admission-Free Parking could marry Poppaea (Plu\. Galba Special Ancient & Foreign Section 2.34).14 He had not held the required Averaging 3300 attendance ove r last 9 shows! praetorship prior to his appointment and Otho remained governor for the remain­ Bourse Chairman : ing ten years of Nero's reign, never be­ JOHN PAUL SA ROSI ing recalled (Nero 35.5). 106 Market Street, Johnstown, PA 15901 Tacitus reports that Nero entered Rome 814-535-5766 on June 23 like a triumphant general. He Pennsylvania Association of Numismatists proceeded to the Capitol where sacrifices www.pancoins.org were perfOlTIled for the triad Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Additional sacrifices were canied out and at the temple of Augustus, the temple of Mars Vltor and to Nero's genius. Nero's appearance at the temple of Mars Ultor was especially significant since it was the place that a general would take his leave of the city and, if victori­ ous, the place he would return to deposit his triumphal insignia. The presence of the emperor on this occasion indicates thaI Agrippina·s death brought the state deliv­ erance (Ann. 14.13.3; Aug 29.2). The many lampoons that eventually appearcd accusing Nero of incest and matricide date from around 64, after Nero had begun acting on stage.. One of his fa­ vorite roles was Orestes (Nero 21.3, 39; Dio 63.9.5). In Sophocles' Electra, the ,.,.T'T& MOSCH tutor of Orestes plays the part of organiz­ ..I"-

Nero and the Arts It wa.~ the aim of the writers of Nero's reign to equal and even surpass the famous

r.. April 2005 27 au thors of the past. Persius was inspired On Stage by Lucilius. Lucan aimed to surpass Vir­ Like gladiators, actors were rcg:lrded gil and Nero declared Ncrva as the new a ~ despicable but glamorous figures. They NYINC Tibullus. Nero encouraged the writers were categorized as iI/James, without rep­ of his day with patronage and the li tem­ utation, and were generall y non-citizens NEW YORK tu re from his re ign was the most signif­ or slaves, rarely a Roman citizen. Because INTERNATIONAL icant since the reign of Augustus (Mart. they p..1faded themselves onstage for mon­ 9.26). Lucan was a nephew of Seneca ey and served the pleasure of others, ac­ NUMISMATIC and had been recalled from Athens, tors were, li ke prostitutes and gladiators, CONVENTION where he was studying Greek literature, lacking the digllatus cxpected in a Roman to become a member of Nero's circle citize n. They were considered the dregs www.nyinc.info (Suct. Vila Lllcal/i). Through Lucan, the of society and classed with dishonorably poet Persius was admitted to Nero's lit­ disch:lrged soldiers. bigamists and those fH erary circle but he al so cultivated the convicted of fmud. One of the reasons THE 34 ANNUAL friendship of mature men. mnong thcm for this was that actors stood on stage and NYlNC Petroni us. Petronius possessed the lied for a living by pretending to be some­ greatest refinement of mind and became one else, the identity of the actor usually America's Most Prestigious Nero's artistic guide, supplanting Olho. hidden by a mask. Particularly suspect Ancienl & Foreigll CO ill Show Nothing had any elegance or value un­ were male actors portraying females on less approved by Petronius (AI1I1. 16.18). stage. [f an actor was a Roman citi7..en, he Nero enjoyed gelling together wi th was not permitted to vote or stand forelec­ January 13-15, 2006 young, unknown poets lind invited them tion (CIL 593) and was li mited in his Cll­ Preview- Thursday, to dine with him. After di nner, they pacity to represent ~op l e in the praetor's would compose verses and Nero would court (Dig. 3.2.1). Augustus forbade free January J2 'h, listen to his guests declaim their fini shed Romans to marry actresses as pan of his 2PM- 7PM - $100 work. Tacitus claims that Ncro used marriage laws and the protection from these occasions to plagiarize the poetry corporal punishment. enjoyed by all Ro­ The Waldorf Astoria Hotel of his fr ie nds. but is contradicted by man citizens, was not extended tocitizen­ New York City Suetonius who examined the emperor's ac tors, who could be flogged by magis­ manuscripts and fo und the changes and trates with impunity (Allg. 45). lbe poor 30J Park Avenue between additions were in keeping with the usu­ reputation of actors and what was seen as East 49" & SO" Streets al process of writing (AIII/ . 14. 16; Nero their comlpting influence was the reason 52). Martial says Nero liked to com­ why a pennanent theater was not built in Cali/lit! \IIl//dory As/oria al pose carmina (songs) and Suetonius Rome until Pompey's. (212) 355-3000 (/lId ask for Ihe notes that there was a collcction of songs As with gladiators, the glamour of act­ SIU!ci(11 NYINC mIt! for the cit/lOra called the Liber Dom;//;­ ing, because it was forbidden, drew some CIiS (The Master's Book). One of the aristocrats 10 walk the stage. Nero's in­ Major Auct ions songs celebrated Poppaea's amber hair. terest in acting and singing began while Educational Forums The Liber DominiCI/S remained in cir· he was vely young, and he, at first, on ly Club Meetings culation long after Nero's denlh. Vilel­ pctfonned privmely. The seriousness of Exhibits lius called for a song from it when he Nero's desire to pctfonn on stage is re­ was emperor and Martill l and Pliny the Ilected in the many hours of training he Admission: Younger indicate that th e book was was willing to submit to and that he kept I"rid:ly-Saturday-Sunday kn own to them (Vii. II; Mart. 8.70.7; up this regimen for his entire life. As a $10 for a three-du.)' IlaSS Dom. I; Ep. 5.3.6). Nero also composed young man he spent hours watching Ter­ Gelleral lllformation: light verses and satirical poems thai pnos, the leading harpist of the day, ob­ Kevin Foley made fun of many senators. Afranius serving his technique (Nero 20). He reg­ P.O. Box 370650 Quintianus was so offended by one of ularly pcrfomled chest strengthening ex­ these poems, playing off his effeminate ercises by having a heavy lead sheet placed Mil waukee, W I 53237 voicc_ that he joined the Pisonian con­ on him as he lay supine and also foll owed (414) 42 1·3484 spiracy (Pliny Ep. 5.35; Mart. 9.26.9; a diet and pu rgi ng reconunended by his Fax (4 14) 423·0343 AIIII. 15.49). Ncro spent many years instructors, although this does nOI appear E-mail: [email protected] writing his cpic pocm and best-known to have interfered with his banqueting. lbe work Trnica, which he recited at the sec­ more he practiced and performed, the I"nOI\": ond NelVllia. A portion of thc poem. the Nero believed that he was he was the out­ Capture of Troy. gained notori ety from st..'IIlding performer of his day (Nero 41). the performance Nero is said to have Alt hough Nero all owed himself to be done as Rome burned. Of the literary dissuaded from perfonning in public, af· genres that were revived during Nero's tcrthedeath of his molherthe impediment reign, the epic continued to nouri sh with to his pelfonning career was removed. In works written under the Fla vians: the October 59, Nero introduced a new festi ­ Argo//alltica of Valerius Flaccus, the val caHcd the iuve//alia on the occasion Thebaid andAchifieid of Slatius and Ihe of the shaving of his beard. All members Pllnica of Silius Italicus. Of these au­ of th e nobility were invited to take part, thors, Flaccus and Sili us had come or age in Nero's Rome. 28 The Gelator G. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES " /~'), AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTION .~ (I" OF ANCIENT AND FOREIGN COINS ~.7

Part hia. AR Tctradrachm. 127 Be.

Macedonia. Alexander II I. Macedoni:l. Phili p II . AV Stater. 336 Be. AV Slaler. Circa 322 Be.

Egypt. Ptolemy II I for Berenike [I. AR Tct­ radrachm . 246 Be.

AUCTION Nos. 240 2-4 May 2005

Catalugued and sold hy Ir------, Miill1.enhandlung I I Gerhard Hirsch Nachf. I Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger Promcnadeplatz 10, D-80333 Miinchen, Germany Promcnadcplatz 10 I &"losed plea...e find S3O.OO for yoor I D-80333 Miinchcn. Germany I Auction Sale Catalogue and Prices Realiz.et.l (after salc:). I Tel : +49 (089) 29 2 1 50 I Na me I Fax: +49 (089) 2283675 I SW:e1 I E-mail : coinhirsch@compuscrv c.com Intern et: www.coinhirsch.dc I ~ - - I ~------~

April 2005 29 regardless of sex or age. Those who emperor did not place too much trust in games were called the Nerollia and in­ were accepted as participants anended his natural abilities he sang attractive cluded events in music, gymnastics and a training session while those who were me lodies and was adroit in playing the chariot racing. The aristocracy was once incapable of performing were relegated harp and in his move me nts on stage again inv ited to participate, but unlike to the chorns (Ann. 34). Dio mentions that (Nero 6). Quintilian describes a weak the 1Ill'ellalia, these were public perfor­ Aelia Catella performed a dance even voice as being best adapted 10 convey­ mances. Nero, however, did not person­ though she was 80 years of age (61.19.2). ing emotion or a dramatic situation,just all y tuke part in the games and was con­ The first part of the festival was the what delighted Nero (X I.3. 171). He was tent to watch from the forestage. Lucan shav ing of Nero's beard, the cuttings be­ eventually so dominated by pcrfonning declaimed a eulogy of Nero with the ing plnced in a golden ball and placed that Nero believed that the power of his expectation that he was likely to take the under the protection of Jupitcr Capitoli­ dramatic performance could win the day pri ze for Latin poetry, but th e jury nus. A concert followed, ammged by against Vinde x's Gallic rebels (Nero awarded the crown to Nero even though Seneca to be by invitation onl y, during 43.2). Nero hi t upon the idea of creat­ he had not participated (All". 14.21). which Nero appeared in public for the ing a special corps of Augustian Youth The judges also proceeded to reject all fi rst time (AIIII. 14. 14). The seuingen­ or Jllvent/lS Ollg U.t/iollO that would be of the candidates for lyre playi ng and hanced the effect of his entr.mce. First, attached to his person as special guards offered the crown to Nero. In accepting a group of Pmetorians appeared in pa­ available for various purposes in the it. the emperor placed the crown at the rade uniforms, fo llowed by Se neca's spectacles that he was planning. Sueto­ feet of a statue of Augustus. He did ac­ older brother Gallio, who was dressed !lius says they wcre selected from among cept the c rowns for oratory and Latin as a herald and announced the emperor. the equestrian order und had more than poetry that were offered to Nero by the Nero then appeared dressed as a cirhera 5,000 members (Nero 20.3) . During his winners. Lucan eventually won the player. holding his lyre, accompanied by performance at the JI/venalia, teams of crown for verse eulogy (Arm. 14.2 1-22; Seneca and Burrus (Tacitus only men­ the allgu.srialli expressed their pleasure ill Dio 61.2 1.2; Nero9, 12.3). tions Burrus)(AIIII. 14. 15; Dio 61 .20.3 ). thc pcrfOimance :ls noiSily as possible. In 64. Ncro decided the time was Nero ClIme forward. bowed to the :.udi ­ right for his public debut. The event e ncc, and asked them to " li sten to him The First Ncronia took place at Neopolis (Naples), which wi th indulgence" (Dio 6 1.20.1). Dio Nero became consul for the fourth was regarded as a Greek city where Ro­ says Nero moved everyone "both to time in 60, and having reigned for five mans could relax and adopt Greek dress Inu ghter and tears by hi s weak and husky years decided to mHrk thc occasion with and customs, where they would cause voice" (Dio 6 1.20.2). But in the dia­ quillquennial games modeled upon the less offense. The theater where Nero logue Nero. attributed to PhilostTatus, Pythian Games (rather than the Olym­ performed was filled with ci ti zens of Nero's voice is described us "tolerably pic Games, which did not include musi­ Naples and neighboring towns (AIIII. and moderately tuneful" and when the cal competitions [Dio 6 1. 2 1 n. The 15 .33; Nem 20.2; Sen. £p. 49-87). The emperor addressed the crowd in Greek and reveled in the rhythmic applause of Are you interested in some visiting Alexandrians, whose tech­ niques were adopted by his Ollg llStiOlli. CHOICE WORLD COINS? A mi ld earthquake occurred IOw:l rd the end of the performance that caused thc You shou ld be receiving our publications theater to collapse after everyone had left. Nero took this as u sign of divine FOUR TO SIX favor and celebrated hi s debut by writ­ AUCTION CATALOGUES ANNUALLY ing a poem (AIIII. 15.34; Nero 20).

Poppaea and Tigcltinus Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of Tacitus describes Poppaca and Tiget­ the world as well as ancient coinage and world paper linus as the "companions of Nero's cru ­ money. A sample catalogue is $25.00 postpaid, iI/eludes Prices elty" (15.6 1). Dio says Poppaea per­ suaded Nero to kill his mothe r and exile Realized. An annual subscription is also available. The cost is his wife and Tigellinus incited Nero to $80 within the U.S . and $t 00 outside the U.S. murder (6 1.12.1,61.1 3.1,61. 13.3). Jo­ sephus confi rms Poppaea's influence Vi sit Ollr web site at: over Nero in regurd to the success of hi s www.ponterio.com own mission in 63-4, when he secured the release of some Jewish priests by overturning a decision by the procura­ Ponterio & Associates, Inc. tor of Judea that fa vored King Herod 1818 Robinson Ave. Agrippa U. Poppaea is described as hav­ San Diego, CA 92103 ing respect for religion but not neces­ 1-800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 sarily having an attachment (0 Judaism Fax 619-299-6952 (Vila 16, JA. 2.195). She may have been - ""I~ !!~!!.~ E-mail: [email protected] born at Pompeii as the city was elevat­ ~ · ~N .G. Licen.wd Auction Company #968 ed to colony status around 63, whcn Pop­ pac:! received the tit le AI/g llsta P.N.G. #308 Richard H. Ponte rio ~ President (Ann. 15.23; CTL4.3726: ILS 234). Hcr _ ,~. 4 •• 4_~ ____' ____• __ beauty was famous. She inherited her 30 The Celator looks from her mother, who became a victim of Messalina in 47 when she was accused of adultery and was driven to suicide (AI/II. 11.2). Roman Coin Price Yearbooks Po ppaea's first husband was the Praetorian Prefect Rufri­ us Crispinus. The dale of the marriage is unknown but they were di vorced before 58 and had a son whom Nero is re port­ 200412005 & 2000/2001 ed to have drowned (Nem 35.5). There arc various stories on The 200412005 edition indudes 30,000+ auction results how Nero mel Poppaea. One has Nero persuading Otho to extracted from more than 200 international public auctions marry her in order to make her available \0 the emperor (His!. held worldwide during the two fu ll calendar years of2003 1.13; Suet. Otl1o 3.1). Another has Poppaea already married & 2004. An impressive 75+ major auction houses are to Olho, who boasts once too often about her beauty to Nero and sparked his curiosily (Ann. 13.45-46). Plutarch says that covered . All results converted to USD. For exact listing it was Olho who persuaded Poppaea to leave Crispinus and of auction cats. presently induded in the Databank, please married her to make Poppaea available for Nero, but he be­ study this link: http://home.wortdonline.dklmem/info/ came unwilling to allow the emperor his share (Calba 19.2- roman2005UScatlistmanco-O.htm 5). The mules that drew her carriage were shod with gold and five hundred asses produced milk for her daily bath to Only to be produced by special & preserve her complexion; Juvenal says her name was giv­ advance orders from dealers, auction e n to a fashionable beauty preparation (NH 11.238. 33.140, 37.50; Sal. 6.462). houses, and serious market players. Ofo n ius Tigellinus was said to have had good looks Following a numberof enquiries from professional market players, and charmed his way into the household of Nero's father. the owners of the publishing rights have agreed by special order His own father must have had some highly placed con­ to produce an utmost and extremely limited number of 2004f nections for him to associate with the imperial family. He 2005 and 2000f2001 yearbooks, which alone can onty be bought first appears in ancient sources in 39 when he was ban­ by those who previously are known to the publishers on a serious ished by Caligula for carrying on an adulterous relation­ and professional level. ship with Agrippina and Liv ill a. During his exile, he Printing run will be limited to 150 copies only worked as a fisherman and went into trade (Dio 59.23.9). (one hundred and fifty) Claudius allowed him to return to Ita ly on the condition to cover the complete world market. The s ix books thus will go that he stay clear of the imperial family, so Tigel1inus out-of-print from day one. The order of reservations will be bought land in Apu[ia and Calabria with some money he according to the dates we receive your advance order (a.k.a., received as an inheritance, where he raised racehorses. first come - first serve). His rise to power was entirely credited to his friendship The six publications will be spiral softbound on red paper [contrary with Nero, based on their mutual interest in horses, yet it is to the hitherto nine earlier published hard covered yearbooks] not known how they met. Tigellinus' exi le came in the wake and indivi dually numbered and named. The publications are not of Lepidus' conspiracy when Agrippina and Livilla suffered to be made available in the ordinary free book trade. Full page a similar fate. Seneca also had some poli tical involvement advertisements available (white paper section). Planned release in the conspiracy and. in 42, was exiled by Claudius, accused date around May 2005. of adultery with Livilla. Tacitus says that Ti gellinus was [NEW] Roman Coin Price Vearbook2004l2005, Republican, appointed to the post of pmefeetus vigilum, probably dur­ Vol. 0, [280 BC-BC 31[ -1 pes. EURO 220IUSD 290 ing 55-62 (Ann. 13.13). His appointment came at a time when Seneca had his greatest influence in making appoint­ [NEW) Roman Coin Price Yearbook 200412005, Imperial, ments. Nero had little inte rest in making appointments Vol. J, [31 BC-AD 138]-1 pes. EURO 260fUSD -340. (on[y his tutors Anicetus [as prefect of the Misenum fleet I [NEW) Roman Coin Price Yearbook 200412005, Imperial, Vol. II, [138-254 AD]- 1 pes. EURO 260!USD 340 and Beryllus [as Greek secretaryl werc given positions), so it is highly probably {hat Tigellinus owed his appoint­ [NEW] Roman Coin Price Yearbook 2000/2001 , Republican, Vol. 0, [280 BC-BC 31[ -1 pes. EURO 220IUSD 290 ment to Seneca since he had repudiated his ties with Agrip­ pina (Ann. 11 .53, 14.57; NH 3 1.62 ). [NEW] Roman Coin Price Yearbook 2000/2001 , Imperial, Vol. I, [31 BC-AD 138]-1 pes. EURO 260fUSD 340 In 62 he was promoted to Prefect of the Praetorian Guard with Faenius Rufus (Hisl. 1. 72, Ann. [2.65,14.51; Dio [NEW] Roman Coin Price Yearbook 2000/2001 , Imperi al, 62.13.3). Tacitus says that the death of Burrus marked the Vo l. II, [138-254 AD]- 1 pes. EURO 260fUSD 340 end of Seneca's influence with Nero and the philosopher's desire to go into retirement (Alln. 14.51-52). Tigellinus is not For professionals the buying prices are net (exc!, VAn Freight to named as among those responsible for Seneca's fall but there be added: USD 37. Foreign orders: Kindly add USD 14 for bank dlarges. No rebates available. Payment in advance with binding is little doubt he played a part since Seneca could no longer pre-order. Non-prepaid orders are not taken. CheckJcash and clai m him as a suppo rter.l ~ Tigellinus is presented by Tacitus as a second Sejanus and is painted in dark colors j ust as he advance order within 5 weeks to be mailed to: portrays Seneca in a sympathetic light, particularly when com­ Morten Eske Mortensen, Drej0gade 26 F 501 , pared to Dio's less friendly version of events. Tigellinus is accused of lcading Nero further into debauchery and corrup­ DK-2 100 Copenhagen 0, Denm ark tion. As evidence, we have an in famous banquet that so scan­ (phone: +45 39 29 07 23; email: [email protected] http:// dalized Tacitus, where the Prefect presided over the marriage home.worldonline.dkJ-meml). Details + order form etc.: bnp;l of Nero and Sporus (AIIII . 15 .37; Din 62. 15, 63.13). Howev­ /home.worldonline.dklmemlinfolroman2005US-O.htm er. it is uncertain who is cOlTupting whom. Seneca and Bur- Review of 1"'edition 1996f97: The Gelator, June 1998, pg . 35 + April 2000, pp. 35-36. continued on page 34 . April 2005 31 ~~~~::::~2:~~~~!]!~:~~~~!~~::::::~ Ponterio & Associates' CICF Auction Highlighted by Greek Gold SAN DI EGO-Ponlerio & Associates, di of Galerius Inc. announces its Public Auction #134, as Caesar which will be held in conjunction with the (Jupiter, 293- Chicago International Coin Fair on April 295). Con­ 22"" and 23"', 2005. The auction will be stantine Vii held in the O'Hare Ballroom 5 on the low­ with Ro­ er level of the Crowne Plaza Holel (for­ manus I, merlythe Holiday Inn O'Hare), 5540 North etc. , a trem­ River Road, Rosemont, Illinois. issis of Pul­ Over 300 k>ls of ancient coins open the cheria, ca. Saturday auction thai starts with 45 gold 416-429), coins. Highlights are a very rare 276-272 Be plus solidi of Lot 1310 in the Panterio & Associates Auction 134 is this the Os­ slater of Taras in Calabria, Seleukid staters Tarentine AV Stater (8.58 grams), struck circa 276-272 BG. of Anliochos II from an Eastem mint of Di­ trogoths BMC- 1. 160, 4; cf. V/-35 (eag/e left); 5-368. Graded EF, it odotus I or II, Persian Daries of ca. 485-420 (Theodoric is estimated at $7, 000-1 0, 000. BC and ca. 455-420 BC and eleven Indo­ 493-526) Greek coins of the Kushans, Kushano-Sas­ and Visig- sanians, etc. Roman gold coins include au­ othic Gauls, ca. 465-507. Akragas ca 413-406 BC, an EF "Pegasos" rei of Vespasian (Vespasian & Victory, 77/ Greek coin highlights include a VF .'E AR stater of Corcyra, two AR staters of the 78), Hadrian (Hadrian astride galloping horse, dupondius of Colonia Julia Viennensis of Locri Opunti, an AR stater of Karystos in 125-128) and Julia Domna (enthroned Ve­ Gaul ca. 36 BC, an .tE quincunx of ca. 220 Euboea plus three AR hemidrachms and a nus, 193-196). The sale continues with soli- BC from Luceria in Apulia, an .'E hexas of drachmofOlympa. The Greek section con­ tinues with a choice EF tetradrachm, ca. 160-150 BC , from Magnesia ad Maean­ der in Ionia, Smyrna has an .'E 30 auton­ omous issue under Gordian II, Ta rsos has ~rofiles in silver staters of Datames, and Tyre offers a tetradrachm of Trajan (103-111). The Roman Republic offers fou r Julius jlumismatics Caesardenarii (one is posthumous), a Mark Herbert E. Ives Antony portrait denarius of 42 BC, and a 1882-1953 denarius of Proconsul Brutus with L. Ses­ tius. The Roman Empire is highlighted with Herben E. Ives was born in Philadelphia on July 21,1882. He at­ an Augustus & Tlberius portrait denarius (13/ tended the Univcrsity of Pennsylvania ami Johns Hopkins Univer­ sity, where he earned his doctorate of philosophy in 1908. Upon 14), an .'E "Three Sisters" sestertius of graduation . Ive, held tl series of positions in industrial research. but Galigula, a Nero 'Decursio" sestertius of 681 his gremest successes came during hi, tenure at Bell Laboratories. 69, an EF Viteliius ' enthroned Vesta" de­ which he joined in 1919. It was during his years at Bell that Ives became known as one of the world 's leading electron-optical physicists. His research accomplishments were numerous and re o narius, Pertinax "Aequitas holding cor­ suited in the first demonstration of television (both black & white and color), to name only one. nucopiae" and "Pertinax sacrificing' de­ Ivc s joined the ANS as an associate member in April 1924. He was first elected to the ANS Couueil narii, and a Pescennius Niger denarius in January 1934 and remained on the Council until hi s death in November 1953. In January 1942. (Fortuna standing left) of Antioch. Ives was elected the 14" president of the ANS. The major coin acquisition during Ives' tenure wa, tbe bequest of Edw,lCd l' Newell. Reccived in 1944. this bequest included more than 87.000 Ro­ Catalogs for this auction may be ob­ man and Greek coins. and funds for (."oin purchasing and publishing.lves deemed it"probably the tained from Ponterio & Associates, Inc. most magnificent gift ever made to a numi,matic museum." In 1946 - tbe final year of Ives' presi­ at 1818 Robinson Avenue, San Diego, dency - lhe Society would launch MIISel

32 The Celator Art and the Market Leu Numismatics Auction 93 Features Roman Gold Coins from the Collection of a "Perfectionist" of the teenaged emperor tha t it bears. Arthur Evans, J. W. Garrell, Hubert by Ursula Kampmann Turning over the coin we discover a spec­ Herzfeldef, Conte Alessandro Magnaguti, G. tacular reverse showing Hercules sitting Mazzini, the ViCOmte de Sartiges, and Con­ In 2003 Leu Numismatics Ltd. of Zurich at a symposium. We shouldn't forget the sul E. F. Weber. Some coins can be traced the first of Perfectionist's Col­ sold part the aurei of the Gallic usurpers Laelianus and back to the great hoards of the late 19" and lection of Roman gold coins with great suc­ Victorinus, the aureus of Maxentius, the early 2C1' century: there are coins from the cess. AI the hotel Sa\oQy Baur en Ville on the multiples of Conslantine the Great, and of AvenIi"le hoardofIhe1890s, from the famous afternoon of May 10", 2005 l eu Numis­ his son Constans, etc. Bosco Reale hoard of 1895, from the great matics Ltd. will auction the second part of We have to learn from the "Perfec­ Karnak hoard of 1901, from the Cologne this collection: 145 "perfect" Roman gold tionist." Completeness is not important; - Gertrudenstrasse hoard of 1909, and coins - perfect in oonservalion, in style and th erefore, we won't even try to describe /rom the well-known Beaurains J Arras in all round beauty - estimated al 3.2 mil­ all the important coins from this sale. You hoard of 1922 - just to mention only a se­ lion Swiss Francs. will have to obtain a copy of the cata­ lection of the important hoards from which The "Per1ectionist" was the sort of a coo­ logue to see just how many wonderful coins in this collection derive. ooisseur whom one only very seldom has coi ns are in thi s collection. The catalogue is available for $25.- I the chance of meeting. He possessed not One last remark: most of the coins pre­ CHF 30.-1 EUR 25.- from Leu Numismat­ only a superb eye, but also the financial sented in this catalogue possess a pedigree ics Ltd. , POB 2131, CH-8022 Zurich, Swit­ means to enable him to build ~ an excep­ that dates back over several generations of zerland. Tel: + 0041 /1/211 4772, Fax: tional collection. Since the early 19505 he collectors. We will find a number of impres­ +004111/211 4686, email: info@Leu­ had been systematically hunting throt.Jg1 auc­ sive names among the fOlTTler owners of Numismatik.com. In addition, the cata­ tion sales and dealer stocks all overthe world these coins, such as, to name a few, the logue can be viewed on the Intemet at in orderto find thosespecial pieces thai were VlCOmte Gustave de Ponton d'Amecoort , Sir http://www.Leu-Numismatik.com. both unparalleled examples 01the skill of the Roman die engraver and in virtually un­ touched oondilion. Only if ooth c:CJr1llIimented each other, would he buy the coin. A ~c bes used to cook food. The fire spread north did not break their loyalty, they were along the eastern side of the Palatine subjected to torture. The majority of Hill, through the Coloseum Valley to the Octavia'S servants still refused to con­ lowerponion of the Esquili ne Hill. Nero fess but, neven heless, Ocwvi;1 was was in formed of the fi re between one fou nd guilty and divorced (AIIII. 14.60; Bust of Octavia and two o'clock in the morning and to ld Dio 62. 13.4; Nero 35). Nero gave her that the flames had reached the palace; Bu01.ls' house along with the estates of Tacitus says that Poppaea wa nted the Nero mounted a horse and galloped off. Rubellius Pl aulUs (Ann. 14.62-3). fo nner empress put to death and im­ When he reached the city, the newly Twe lve days later, he married Poppaea. plored Nero saying their lives were completed palace, with the priceless col­ Octavia. however, had many partisans th reatened by Octavia's supporters (Ann. lection of an it held, had been consumed in Rome who felt for her mi sfortune. 6 1.62). Nero became frightened and by the fire. Nero tried to save what he Crowds gathered at her house and the agreed that Octavia had to die. A story could and helped other victims of the empress was cheered. Nero was forced had to be invented to justify this mu rder fire (Ann. 15.38). Augustus had divid­ to give her a vi lla in Campania to get and Anicctus, once again, came to the ed Rome into fourteen districts; the her out of the city. Her departure caused rescue. He was summoned to Rome and fire had leveled three (3, 10, II ) and a riot; the palace was under siege with given the choice of declaring he had only left four unscathed ( I , 5, 6,1 4) demands to divorce Poppaea and rein- been seduced by Octavia or dealh. Nat- (AIIII. 15.38f.; Nem 38.2).10 The scale and fury or the fire prompt­ ed a desire to blame someone. Nero was THE PROFESSIONAL NUMISMATISTS GUILD, INC. immediately suspected because the fire had restarted near Tigelli nus' estates. Cefebm';ng 50 YEA RS of Arson by Nero was directl y alleged by KNOWLEDGE, INTEGR ITY & RESPQNSIUILITY Pli ny the Elder, Sueton ius and Dio, and Foundeti ill 1955, the PNG is a IIOII- profit organization, comprised was certainly believed during Nero's of the lOp rare CO;II and paper mOlley expe rl.~ from all around the WO,./(/. reign. Subrius Flavus, a Praetorian tri­ bune who was later involved in the Piso­ For more in/ormation 011 the PNG, please colltac/.· nian conspi racy. named the fire as one of the reasons why he broke his oath to Robert Brueggeman, Executive Director Nero (NH 17.5; Nero 38; Dio 62.16. 1; 3950 Concord ia Lane, Fallbrook, CA 92028 AIIII. 15.67.2; Statius Silvae 2.7.60-1). Te l. (760) 728- 1300 Fax (7 60) 728-8507 Tac itus says some people attributed the www.pngdealers.com emuil: ;/I(o@ vMdeo!ers.col/I fire to chance and mentions the stories that were current but docs not accuse Nero of di rect in volvement (Anl/. 34 The Gelator 15.40f.). The Octavia (831 ~ 33) has Nero tween Jews and Christians, the latter planning to set fire to Rome in revenge being treated as an unpopular Jewish NUMISMATIC LITERATURE on the thankless popu lation who had sect. Rome was generally tolerant of MAIL BID SALE supported Octavia instead of the emper­ foreign religions. The worship of Isis Oosing Date J\."1ay 15'",2005 or when she was divorced. Suetonius had been banned during Tiberius' reign J.:>l..:\.Iill! reports a conversation where the well but found acceptance over time. With Broome. M .. II"",I!>,,"'«!I i/<im" '" 1I_1i> 8",, 1'1"'," ...... ~ $29 known line "After my death, let the earth both Jewish and Christian communities 1laIog. I'. G ';"',I<' ifiM A»)..bi<1s .. •••• .... ••• .....••••..•••• ... • It $00 Fletrruo, A .. 1.,1<",",' C""" '" ,he Ins,;,." "f 1,JQm .... A" S $4Q disappear in flames" was quoted. Nero in Rome, there probably was some fric­ M i "~G..Iii."·bl<""icC""" SP.5 supposedly replied, "No, let it be dur­ tion between them. Various persons Lare-Poole. S. . Co,ns ,! A"""i K"'~if"" S 51S AlI>Jm. s.. S)lhI8' (!ljc · &wAjrio·al·,'fW H$ffl VOl. 9 -U1k' I"", (,rjler M",,!I'~') ~EW ...... Ii $ffl some men, pretending to be drunk, de­ of proposing the Christians as scape­ 8",·id t'"""'W ((" ,,/,".<) Ik, at ,ulr filthy and unhealthy conditions. Follow­ participation of provincial governors or ,ta.ntial diCOWliS: ing the fire, Nero planned to create a CiTY armies, as was the case with Caligula's K""locr/Noe. &Jrlyc~."rl<" C"""'g<'. 129 pp .. 3S plates ...... w.s $.15.00 Kow $29.00 more suitable for the capi tal of the Em­ murder. L. Calpurnius Piso was a mem­ Noe/]ohn>Ion. Th< C""",g< ,( M,~< Coi""t' «"II>< l:ycimt. Loot"". 2S5 1'1'.• 44 pIaocs ..... hastily constructed buildings that were lican families. He had surrendered his .... W", 53500:-;"",' $22.00 MClcalf. 11>< Ci.JJop/ton <>IHadrian.l M 1'1'.. J I pial"" .. the cause of so much of the squalor. The first wife Livia Orestilla to Caligula, was \\flo< $1\5 00 Now ~2.00 new buildings were to be built with a briefly exiled and recalled by Claudius. M:.-tIaoe<. •...... \\flo< $ 7~.00 NcM- S-<9.00 frontage that had been fixed by imperi­ He had held a suffcct consulship some­ Mac~ 71te IN,,,,. 2Yi pp .. 2.'i j>Iaoe< .. ""'" $40.00 NcM- SJ2.00 al surveyors. The height of each build­ time during Claudius' reign and gover­ ~Ic!calf. Siur. 119pp .. 15p1a1c> the street to allow for air and light. Por­ command. He was popular, a li terary .... W'" $SSm Now $.'i 1.00 M:.: l)owall. lite lWnIo< W... $00.00 Now $48.00 and squares were created to open up As with the successful plot against i.e")' &: _ R"""", Cw..;" th< Pnn«",,, /Jni, ~r;;I)' l.ibrory O~k>.. ",,,,. 191 pp.. ::II pbIes W'" $100.00 Now $711 00 congested areas. As for the buildings Caligula, the members included sena­ Ncv.-clI. Coioop q'IIl-Jurn Sel.ucjd Minis. 'ffI pp .. 56 pia«:< .• ...... Was S40.oo NQo.' $32.00 themselves, wooden ceilings were pro­ tors, equestrians and members of the ~.Ak_r·, DrochmMinlSl:~wandAb)Uw. hibited on the lower story. Praetorian Guard, including one of the 71 PP .. J.4 plates v.~ $.'ism Now $44.00 T"'>.I G",' '" R"",y! C<>irn. afire? Dio put the reason as a malicious forbidden to publish, Afranius Quin­ 321'1' .. 32 p!aI<> •••••• ... •••••• ... ••••• ... ••••• .... Wr.s S30.00 Now $1&.00 act and Suetonius claimed Nero wanted tianus, because he had been insulted by MiJ<~""",". ~""",s. ""'-ins Coli. OIG"" C"",,("2"'" un..,). \\.• . ! 199 1'1' .• \\)I. II 142 pi.. ""'" SIZO 00 N ..... S19.00 to end the ugliness and chaos of Rome a lampoon by Nero and the Praetorian Hcrt>."\ily pressed dissatisfact ion over the limits ence of Tigellinus; consul-designate illu;tMcd ~ (Greal b~r<>Juctioo) W", 510.00 N,.",. $7.00 Krotl Th<..w.-";"""-gon,(G"dCoW). 37~W .. .\ci ",... •• fub.. imposed on the building of his new pal­ Plautius Laternas and his courageous b>l>otl by Arn<:ricon S<:hooI of("l.,;ical Su>lics On AIhrns ace and the rumored glee with which he freedwoman Epicharis were motivated by "'lis $1:;0.00 NowS56.OO ,N5S)'! t OGES returned to Rome from Antium and the patriotism. Faenius Rufus brought three ""um" 1. Tro",U. Bnniu I C i';~'. Th"",,~Mau4m;"'. Tri"",. Po""";,,,, K;~g" 43 1'1' .. 39 p" Wos $()(l.OON..... S39.00 15.39.3) and Suetonius and Dio locate only the leading conspirators knew all of \\;lome 8. T",,,,II. M,,,,edonin /I AJ~"",,"d.. l· PhUi,p II. 44 1'1' .. .19 plate. W.. , S7S.00 Now $49.00 it in public with Nero dressed in a stage those involved. Unlike earlier conspira­ ""ume 9. Bopearo<.>l. discovered. Only Tacitus makes the con­ seizure of the government. $1..\0 ho " ~l.oxp-"un li m it,-J . c,-,," \\'cb:W\\~,· .s.'m t .cIa , ,,"'ho\\" . oom grasp him by the knees to prevent him RONAl.!) J. GlI,UO-PREsml'::'I"T from avoiding the daggers of the assas­ 1103 Slale Street, Santa Barbara CA 93101 -Ph: (805) 962-9939 Fx; (805) 963-0827 sins (Ann. 15.53). Once the murder was Sponsored by e8a} All Grading Sen ices accomplished, Faenius Rufus would es­ cort Piso to the Praetorian camp. Flavius Scaevinus had requested to be the tirst to strike a blow, and when this was agreed he acted as if he had become Brutus and would be held in esteem by future generations. At home, Scaevinus had a vi sit from Antonius Natalis, Piso's go between, to settle the last details of the plans for the next day. Alexander the Great. Then Scaevinus ordered a sumptuous Silver Tetradrachm, Magydus meal, sealed his will and examined the Mint. Very Rare Mint. dagger with which he intended to stab Nero. It proved to be blum so he gave it Visit to his freedman Milichus to sharpen and www.coi nsoftime.com settled down to dinner, but seemed de­ to see this &.. other great coins pressed and affected good humor (Ann. 15.54). After dinner, Scaevinus distrib- 36 The Gelator uted presents and money to his domes­ along with Faenius Rufus six tribunes tic staff, freed some slaves and went to and several centurions had participated Numismatic Literature bed. At the last moment, he called for to some degree in the conspiracy (Taci­ Available Again Milichus and solemnly had him prepare tus names three men : Sulpicius Asper, Coins o/the Ronum Empin in the IJritish Museum dressings and all the necessary items to Maximus Scamus and Venetus Paulus 2005 Reprint in 6 H.lumes stop bleeding. Milichus probably knew [Ann. IS.49-50]). Only the centurions Volume 1 _ Augustu, 10 Vilelliu! .v ...... S I15.00 about the plot but not when Nero's mur­ were executed. thc tribunes were reduced Volum" II _ Vespa,ian 10 o..,milian 115.00 Volume JIl-Ne,,·. 10 II.drian ...... 135.00 der was to take place. The actions of in rank but two of them committed sui­ Volume IV -Amoninlls Pius 10 Comrnodus .... 175.00 Scaevinus made him realize that the as­ cide out of shame. Lucan is said to have Volume V _ Pertinax 10 Elagabalus ...... 235.00 Volume VI- Se"eros Alexander 10 Bal\>inusll'upienu< sassination would be the next day. Mili­ died reciting his own poetry on the death ...... 85.00 chus was unable to make up his mind if of a soldier (De Bellum Civille 3.638-47). Volumes [.V[ comple1e ...... 75{}.00 This new "'prinl ulilize, recenl digilal le(;hnology de· he should go along with the plot, so, Scaevi nus di ed with similar courage but "eloph: Coinage in C~lrie nilrld ...... '"39 .00 for Natalis to be summoned, recalling and felt it necessary to buy the loyalty Plant: Greek Coi" Types ...... "'48.00 that he had met with Scaevinus the day of the guards with a donative and a com Roberlson: Homier Ill, Roma.o lnoperi"l ...... 225.00 Robenson: }fomfef ,V. Ronum Imperial ...... 225.00 before. In the meantime, Tigellinus ar­ allowance (Alln . IS .S9.4. 72.1). To con­ Robcrt.hipping available at OOSI. was imprisoned over night, but before to Neptune around the perimeter of the the executioner could resume the next area destroyed in the Great Fire. Their Charles Davis day, she strangled herself with a loose purpose was to keep away the fi re with P. O. Box S47 scarf that was bound about her breast divine aid, and yearly sacrifices were Wenham, Mass'" 01984 (Ann. [S.S7; Dio 62.27.3). probably made (elL 6.826; 30837). Td: (978) 468 2933 Pax ; (978) 468 7893 Nero was horrified by the defection 17 M.J.G.Gray-Fow, "Why the Chris­ Numislil@aol .com of the Praetorians and feared the guards tians? Nero and the Great Fire", Lato­ hup:/lwww.• bcbooh.,,,m/bomAthena's tri­ bing" of an­ ple-crested helmet and gorgoneion pen­ cient coins _ dant as spoil s of victory, are perhaps For years overly romantic for today's taste. but his there's been ability 10 explicate the economic imper­ an ongoing atives driving Athens' apparently mind­ debate. never less plunge into the Abyss is unsur­ terribly in­ passed. In his Lntroduction, Green quotes tense, about an unnamed colleague who said "When­ the pros lmd ever I re-read Book VII ofThucydides I cons of this Above - the ·s/abbed· modern forgery of a Sextus Pompey keep hoping it ' ll go the other way this practice, ever denarius and a genuine example be/ow. (Photos not to scale). time". That's found a place in my limit­ since the first ed reperloire of notions worth the brain unsuspecting cells needed to Slore them. Even as a victim was teenager discovering Thucydides. I re­ savagely en­ member imploring the Athenillns to go tombed in horne before it WllS too late. The arro­ plastic. (Won­ gance and occasional brutality of Athe­ der which nian imperialism notwithstanding, dem­ side /'1/1 on?) ocratic Athens at its best was a bold ex­ Mostly can, periment in freedom, which surely de­ hardly any served a better fate than to slowly bake in pro, at least among knowledgeable deal­ significant for a $20 gold piece, that's the stone quanies outside Syracuse. ers lind serious collectors, but the con­ not for me to say. but the application of This is all a roundabout way of in­ troversy didn 't seem worth ge ll ing real­ "'Fast-Fingers Willy" Sheldon's grad ing troducing the concept of Hubris. With ly worked up about. Clearly some peo­ system to ancient coins can seriously the hindsight of 2400 years, it's easy to ple find the practice desirable since it mislead the novice or cross-over collec­ reduce the Sicilian Expedition to a tragi- persists, albeit on a fair ly modest level. tor. The value of an ancient coin is de­ termined in part by grade. but also by strike. style. centering, toning. pedigree, etc. A novice buyer of a "generic" VF30 Professional Directory Ad Rates: piece may well believe that all VF's arc 1x3 size = 2-3/16"w x 2-7/8"h = only $24 created equal. Also, the slabbers of ancient coins 1x2 size =2-3/16"w x 1-7/8"h = only $17 make mistakes in attribution. The most Signature ads only, no direct sale offerings. notorious is their occasional confusion 10% Discount on annual contracts. between denarii of Caraealla and EI ­ agabalu s. These, of course, can have Professional Directory ads get results! identical obverse legends, in which case knowledge of portrait style and reverse type is required to distinguish between The Celator them. Mix ing up the two young emper­ ors is understandable for a beginner, but P.O. Box 839, Lancaster, PA 17608 it's inexcusable in people who claim, at TellFax: (717) 656-8557· E-mail: [email protected] continued on page 46... 38 The Gelator been believed by those who practice composed of a mixture of gypsum and magic to be crucial 10 Ihe success or glue. Fake mummy masks can some­ failure of the magic. This is still true ti mes be identified because the paint­ loday as any child who has read Harry ing lacks this undercoat. Even when POiter can lell you. painted over, the type of wood prob­ The ancient Egyptians took this ably had signilicance to the Egyptians. idea a bit funher, associating certain This is a problem because we ure not woods with various deit ies and reli­ sure which woods were actuall y em­ gious concepts. For example. a num­ ployed in the construction of many ber of deiti es were said to manifest objects because of technical difficul­ themselves in or be associated with ti es in the identification of the wood certain trees. These included Osiri s type today. Add this to the fact thai (willow), Isis, Hathor and Nut (Sy­ ancient wood from old coffins, bui ld­ Ancient Egyptian camore), and Horus (acacia), to name ings, etc., which survived in great only a few. These associations often quantities in to modern times, has been Woode n Artifacts and led to the use of Ihis wood for an im­ for several centuries employed by the Detection of age of the deity, for the manufacture Egyptian forgers for the manufacture Forged Antiquities of an item given as an offering to the of fake obj ects and the problem for the deity, or for the manufacture of an item coll ector becomes readily apparent. Wood was an important material associated with the deity's worship. Many scientific tests such as Car­ for thc manufacture of many objects For example, in the Late Period, circa bon t4 will not be conclusive if the in ancient Egypt. It had many utilitar­ 600-300 Be, Ptah-Seker-A usar fi gures wood is indeed ancient. Other lests ian uses such as a building material for were made of certain woods and the such as microscopic pollen anal ysis furniture. utensils, boats, or fo r weap­ use of other woods can often tip off can, however, be effective. Such tests ons such as bows, arrows, and spears. the expert 10 modern forgeries. should best be left to the experts, al­ Wood wa s also used for scri be pallets The color of the wood was impor­ though for many items they may prove and Ihe like, but even morc impor­ tant as well. Dark or black wood such to be prohibitively costl y for the col­ tantly, for ritual Objects such as idols, as ebony was associated with death lector. For thi s reason, many collec­ coffin s. ushabtis, amulets, elc. Not and the afterlife so statu es of Anubis tors shy away from collecting wooden only were some objects such as an thro­ arc usually in dark woods. Of course, objects. The best thing for the collec- poid coffin s and statues of the various the wood was often puinted and usu­ deities inherently beautiful , but often ally this involved a coating of gesso conrinued on p(lge 46. .. the ancient Egyptians would elabo­ rate ly decorate even ve ry uti litarian objects such as spoons. bed posts and even weapons so such objects can be prized art works to the modern collec­ lor as well. Perhaps the ancient Egyptians lOok such care with wood because most of the hi ghly prized woods had to be im­ ported, as th ey did not grow naturally in Egypt. For example, cedar from Lebanon

April2oo5 39 priest. 'Cast your eyes on Ihe Pilssovcr Mt. Gerizim Temple to be their holiest offerings: He took a kidney from each spot, and in their literature they refer to (Iamb sacrificed) and 600,000 pairs of it as the "blessed mount". kidneys were found there. twice as many In the second century Be, when An­ as those who departed from Egypt, ex­ tiochus IV Epiphanes iss ued decrees cluding those who were unclcan and against the Jews and their religion, he those who were on a distantjoumey: and conve rted the Samaritan Temple on Mt. there was not a single paschal lamb for Gerizim into a pagan shrine in honor of which more than tcn people had not regis­ Zeus (II Mace. 5:23, 6: 1). Soon after­ tered; and they called it: 'The Passover of ward, in 129 Be. John Hyrcanus I, the the dense throngs.'" (Talmud Pesach 64b) high priest and fi rst Jewish ruler to is­ Such descriptions may well be ex­ sue coins in his own name. destroyed aggerated, but even if they aTC exagger­ the Temple on M t. Gerizim. The Passover Sacri­ ated five-fold. there were huge crowds A Samaritan synagogue survives in attending these ceremonies. modern-day Shechem, but few if any fice on a Coin The Passover sacrifice is one of the Samaritans actually continue to live The well-known Jewish holiday of very few specific ancient rituals from the there, having moved to other spots in Passover is n spring festival. It is said, time of the Jewish Temple that is sti ll Israel. StilL it is on the slopes of the in fact, that Jesus ' Last Supper may well observed today. It is not practiced by blessed Mt. Gerizim that they continue have been a PussQvc r meal. A little Jews, who use only a sym- known coin of ancient Neapolis in Sa­ bolic roasted shankbone dur- maria depicts an ancient ceremony key ing the Passover meal. (Jew- to the Passover holiday. We will describe ish ritual of this type was and discuss the coin at the end of thi s focused on the Jerusalem article, but fi rst a bit of background. Temple. and once it was de- For the Jewish people. Passover sym­ stroyed in 70 AD by Titus, bolizes the Jewish exodus from Egy pt these ri tuals were stopped.) and the fes ti val isso named because God However. the ancient Sa­ • "passed over" the houses of the chi ldren maritan sect centered its of Israel (Exodus 12:23). Passover is worship o n Mt. Oerizim in also known as "the fc:.st of Unleavened the ancient city of Neapolis Bread" (Exodus 23: I 5). (also called Nablus or The Hebrew name for the hOliday is Shechem) instead of Jerusa­ "Pesneh" and this refers to the tradition lem. While there are many ••• &. ••' during ancient limes when the paschal similarities between the Sa­ '" .... lamb ("pesaeh") was offered as a sacri­ maritan and the Jewish reli· fice, the evening thc feast began. After gions, a principal difference Photograph and clarified drawing of 2S-mm bronze coin the sacrifice. the lamb was roasted whole historically was the focus of of Philip I, struck at Neapolis in Samaria. depicting the and enjoyed as a feast. worship at Jerusalem (on Passover sacrifice. (Photos couttesyoflsrael Numismatic The Encyclopedia Judaica notes that Mt. Moriah) versus at Journal 14: Studies in Memory of Leo Mildenberg.) the Passover festiva l was observed in Shechem (on Ml. Gerizim). this way through the period of the Sec­ There is a specific New Tes- ond Temple. Josephus estimated that tament reference to this whcn the wom­ to observe all of their feslivals and holy when Jews gathered in Jerusal em in 65 an at the well asked Jesus if worship ceremonies. including the sacrifice of a AD to perfonn thc sacrifice. there were should be held on Mt. Geri zim or in paschal lamb on their holidays, includ­ "no\ less than three millions" (Wars Jerusalem. (John 4:20) ing Passover. Today the Samaritan sac­ 2:280). The Talmud states that "King The Temple complex was built o n rifice no longer takes place where their Agrippa once wished to take a census Mt. Gerizim at the time of Alexander the Temple once stood, but lower on the hill of the hosts of Israel. He said to the high Oreal. The Samaritans considered the and to the west, because a Moslemcem­ etery now occupies that spot. Observers can attend the modem-day Samaritan Passover sacrifi ces, and one H. D. RAUCH GmbH Vienna who did so is Todd Bolen. who recount· Numismatist and Auctioneer since 1969 ed his experience in Bible and Spade magazi ne (14.2, 2001 and website: http:! For Ancient & World Coins as weU as for /ww w.en-ged i.org/articles/othe r/ Historical medals and decorations anicles_sam_passover.html). .... "The Samaritan Passover must be Next Public Auction: Auction 75 on May 6 -7 at the one of the most worthwhile events to Hotel Ambassador in Vienna. attend in Israel today. If you can get be­ yond the crowds and the noise, you can Contact us: phone: O1l43 1 53333 12 almost imagine yourself back in Second mail: [email protected] Temple pcriod times and feel like you write to: A- I 0 10 Wien. Graben 15 (Europe) are actually present at the sacrifices as Visit our shop: www.hdrauch.cQtn they used to be. Come to think of it, keep the crowds and the noise, or the experi- 40 The Gelator ence probably would not be so close to how it reall y was then (but remove the flashes and video cameras). ''The service started near the lime of Byzantine Coins sunset. The Samaritan men were dressed in white garments. the leaders wore red Micl1acllsaacs C"itt Dcalcr hats, and the priests were dressed in a distinctive turquoise-green garb. The Copper Coins our Specialty Samaritans began chaming and praying, much of which sounded like the famil­ iar wails of the Muslim call to prayer. Then the signal was given. and the head of each household reached for his knife to slice the throat of his family's tamb. As soon as the deed was done, the Sa­ nHlritans all began clapping, congratu­ lating each other and celebrating. About thirty-fi ve sheep were slain , about one for each larger family unit (there are no more than 600 Samaritans alive in the world today). Then the sheep were skinned and put on a pole (skewer) and carried over Justinian, 527-565, Follis, Cyzicus mint, Year 15 to one of the 2-3 meter deep roasting pits to be cooked for most of the night. 23.8gm. 42mm di •.• XF. MIB. 120 •• S. 207, $300. "What we saw is much like what the Samaritans have been doing since be­ fore the time of Christ. Passover was and Want Lists Pursued is a central part of the Jewish calendar, and the New Testament records that michaelisaacsl @mac.com Jesus was careful to attend each Pass­ 13 Sidegate, Haddington, East lothian, EH41 4BZ. UK over during his ministry. Jesus would have been a part of the crowds, confu­ sion, and blood-tetting. He would have seen and heard and smelled much or the same sights and sounds and stenches. Few events today so effectively trans­ port the modern person back to the cer­ Oil Lamps Important new book on emonies of biblical days." of the ancient oil lamps is now [n the Israel Numismalic lournal (14), (one of the last numismatic arti ­ available. Limited number cles he wrote), Ya'akov Meshorer de­ of copies signed by the scribes a 25 mm bronze coin struck un­ authors. der Ph ilip Sr. in Neapolis, Samaria. Meshorer reports the coin is in British Museum, however it is not listed in their More than 1,000 lamps are catalog. Meshorer describes the reverse shown in FULL COLOR. thus: "A lamb leans on an altar; in the 180 page hardcover book. background, four figures standing with raised hands. Above, MI. Gerizim; in­ scription from lower l.: NEAPOL NEO­ NOW IN STOCKI CORO; in exergue COL *. Meshorer notes that during the reign $65.00 plus $3 shipping of Philip Sr. (244-249 AD) the inhabit­ ants of Neapolis were mainly Samari­ tans. It was well known that the Samar­ itan worship overlapped with certain AMPHORA -~'i aspects of Jewish worship, and also . Hellenistic cu lts. 2:;? w . Box S05 i@J. ~ \ Meshorer concludes: ·'An examina­ <:J... ~ Nyack. NY 10960' ff J tion of the Passover sacrii1cial ceremo­ ",," . '<'A S45·35S·7364 ~, . 'fPJ~ f) i.T"."I' ny held by the Samaritans in our time [email protected] • seems to indicate that thi s ceremony is depicted on the coin. The figu re stand­ http://www.vcoins.com/amphoracoins ing on the left raising his hand in a sa- www.amphoracoins.com

continued OIl page 46.. April2005 41 Seleuk.id tetradrachm of Antiochos Hi­ Among the Greeks, a toned tetradrachm erax on a huge flan, a choice Julia of Alexander the Great, as satrap of Soaemias denarius with Venus on the Egypt, would be a nice addition. reverse and a high grade Julia Macsa Aegean Numismatics looks to be a denarius struck from clashed dies. Mae­ good place for affordable coins. Judg­ sa's incuse portrait is clearly visible un­ ing from the text list, a maj ority of the der the design on the reverse, Later on coins offered arc under $100, with there is a fully silvered Constantinopo­ most of the rest under $300. For ex­ li s fo ll is from Alexandria. ample, a Septimius Severus legionary Looking online this month, I see denarius (LEG Xliii GEM MV) is that Realms has opened its V-coins only $58 and a higher grade LEG XI store. Delane Hewett, the proprietor of CL is $195. For the Greeks, one finds Realms, lives in my corner of the a rare drachm of Kroton with a male Spring is finally herc and with it country (the Puget Sound area of head, possibly Herakles, on the ob­ comes more natural light to see our coins Washington). Despite the fact that mil ­ verse. as well as an appealing iE of by! Chicago is where the action will be lions of people live within a 30-mile Larissa ad Orantes in Syria. in a few weeks, but for those of us who radius, major ancient dealers out here Nemesis Optima has rare coins of can't go or can't wait, there are plenty are as rare as Athenian didrachms, so a number of famous Roman personal­ of coins to consider right now. Steve he is a welcome addition! He has a ities. For example, a denari us with Album 's non-photo li st #203 has a run couple hu ndred Greek, Roman and clear profiles of Cleopatra and Marc of five differently dated VF tctradrachms Byzantine coins for sale from under Antony, or, from the late 2"" century of Vologases IV, each for $85 or less. $ 100 to nearly $ 10,000. One of the CE, a denarius of Pertinax showing Thcre is also a variety of early Islamic most spectacular items is a vcry rarc him sacrificing over a tripod on the 'hybrids', such as Arab-Sasanian and Trajan aureus with Trajan's forum on reverse. An attractive antoninianus of Arab-Byzantine iE's and AR's. the reverse. Another desirable acqu i­ Julian of Pannonia on a large !lan is Wayne Phill ips is still regularly issu­ sition for a collector of Roman coins for sale at $2,995. ing photo lists in hi s standard format. A would be the near EF half-follis of After (or preferably before) buying few of the more attractive and/or inter­ Hanibal1ianus with the river god Eu­ all these great coins, you need some­ esting coins (to me. at least) arc a rare ph rates reclin ing on the reverse. thing safe to put them in . E&T Koin ­ tainer offers Kointains, SafJips and other things suitable for long term stor­ THE LARGEST SELECTION OF age. Coin collecting is a hobby of many lifetimes; it is our right to study CERTIFIED GOLD COINS OF THE WORLD and enjoy these messengers from the past and our duty to preserve them for Send f or our new current price list of peGS/NGe third­ the future! Fi nally, Fred Shore has issued a party certified graded w orld gold or visit our w ebsite: short (62 lot) Greek and Roman photo list with another 20 unphotographed www.steinbergs.com bargain lots at the end. One attractive coin with a curiously placed symbol is a late 51h century tetradrachm of Messana. The emblematic hare is springing to the left over an ear of grain. What's amusing is the other symbol - an eagle with spread wings that looks like it's standing on the ends of the hare's long ears. More towards the budget end of the scale arc two Phoe- nician AR fractions. --==- -- ;~-=-=--:-.- One has .-=-- • two dol­ phins and a horned STEINBERG'S owl stand­ Numismatic Gold Specialists Since 1950 ing left; the other P.O. Box 1565 Dept. TC. Boca Raton, FL 33429-1565 shows the Tel.: 954-781-3455 • Fax: 954-781-5865 King bop- 0- ping an MEMBER Email: [email protected] advancing lion over the head. Fred's lists are never dull! 42 The Gelator ness sevcmllimcs. Bul, likc anything un ­ cient coin collectors. Even more so, that known, the prospect of testifying before the numismatic community turned out so a government agency is a bit daunting. forcefully for an element that is certainly One would have to have nerves of steel not "mainstream" in our hobby. While to claim othelWise. there are avid collectors of ancient Chi­ Perhaps "testifying" is a bit of a mis­ nese coins in the United States. Lhey do nomer. 1l1ere wasn't any swearing in, or not constitu1e a significant percentage of raising of the right hand, etc. The hear­ the ancient coin collecting communi1Y. Ac­ ing was held on one of the upper floors of cording to State Department personneL a State Department annex, about a block there were a tOlal of about 220 written t:om­ south of the mall. For an excellent sum­ ments forwarded to CPAC prior to this hear­ mary by James J. Lally. see http://accg.usl ing. We know that 161 of them carne from "Mr. Sayles goes to Washington" issueslnewslcpacsummary. Thccommit­ colk'Ctors via the ACCG online Fax Wizard. tee was seated at a rather spartan arrange­ The hearing lasted about three and a half It's pretty close to a thousand miles from ment of tables. No padded leather ann hours. By chance, [ happened to be the Gainesville, Missouri 10 Washington DC, chairs here. A temporary podium was final speaker. With only live minutes to give or take a quarter mile depending on sandwiched between the committee and address the committee, one has to consider which end of Gainesville you start from. the public seating area. The chainnan of very carefully what one will say. I've spent As Doris and 1 headed cast in our the committee, Mr. Jay Kislak, sat at the less time preparing for one hour talks. As motorhome this past Valentine's day, the far end of the tables, opposite the podium, the arguments progressed from speaker to thought crossed my mind that this could and called the speakers in tum, according speaker, my notes became shredded as be a rerun of Mr. Smith Goes to Washing­ to a published schedule. E.."lch speaker was many of my points became "asked and an­ ton. In the dassie, Jefferson Smith­ 1939 allowed only five minutes, but all had sub­ swered." In the final minutes before my played to perfection by Jimmy Stewart­ mitted substantial papers that were pro­ turn at the podium. it struck me that ev­ was a small town dreamer with altruistic vided to the committee beforehand. Ques­ erything 1 really wantcd to say was in my visions of a national nonprofit organiza­ tions were asked by committee members paper, which the committee already had tion. Quite by accident, Mr. Smith ends at the end of each presentation. in its hands. I didn't need to say it again, up taking his dream to the hallowed hails There was a fairly even mix of speak­ and they didn't want to hear it again (for a of the U.S. Senate, only to find that life in ers from the museum community, the an­ copy, see http://accg.uslissues/news/ the big city can be an eye opener. tiquities trade, the archaeological commu­ chinacpac). Visions of Mr. Smith flashed The reason for our trip was to appear ni ty and the general public-many of again before my eyes and I realized then before the Cultural Property Advisory them being prominent figures in the fields and there that the best thing I could do was Committee as a representative of the An­ of art and academia. The numismatic to be a collector who is passionate about cient Coin Collectors Guild. CPAC is a trade was represented by Peter K. Tompa his hobby and let the members of the committee established under Public Law on behalf of the International Association commilteeknowthat. Thereason forme be­ 97-446 for the pwpose of reviewing for­ of Professional Numismatists (IAPN) and ing there, as one observer put it, was to put a eign government requests for U.S. import the Professional Numismatists Guild human face on the collectors who are being restrictions on cultural property. The com­ (PNG). The Ancient Coin Collectors demonized. It was an honor to be able to do mittee submits its recommendations to the Guild was the only collector organization that and the experience wa~ one to remem­ U.S. State Department for consideration. represented at the hearing. Mr. Arthur ber. Unfortunately, it was probably not the CPAC's eleven members are ap]X)inted Houghton s]X)ke also as a private citizen last time this will become necessary. by the President of the United States for and fanner member of CPAC. The coun­ As this issue goes to press, CPAC is three-year terms. Representation on the try of China was not represented. still deliberating on China's request. For committee is stipulated by law: (I) two It was significant, I think, that three of any breaking news check the ACCG web members who represent the interests of the the 22 speakers on the agenda were an- site at http://accg.us. museums; (2) three are expert in archae­ ology, anthro]X)logy, ethnology, or related fields; (3) three arc cxpert in the interna­ tional sale of cultural property; and (4) WE SELL ANCIENT COINS three members represent the interests of the general public. The peace of mind is Free The issue at hand was a public hearing on February 17,2005 to receive comment on a request from the People's Republic of China for the U.S. to impose import re­ strictions on virtually anything more than 95 years old that originally was produced WAYNE G. SAYLES, ANTIQUARIAN in China. The request included coins. P.O. Box 9 11 , Gainesville, MO 65655 This was not my first trip to Washing­ (417) 679 · ~14~ . (4 (7) 679 - ~457 . wayne@<.1nciemcoins.<:lc ton. During my earlier life as an Air Force ofiicer, I had occasion to go there on busi- April 2005 43 Personally, I find th is particular range of sil ver found in these coins coin to be extremely attractive and is in (he .048% range to validate the collectible. It was issued in silver I :20 compositio n proposal. It was (more th an 50% fineness) when intro­ because of this change, that the pro­ duced, but contained only around 5% posal to designate this as a different silver (billon) by the time it was de­ coin came to be. monetized by Diocleti an in 294. It was So today, some continue to name not minted in vast amounts during its this denomination the antoninianus, early years, based on the survival rate where others argue it should be called of the coin versus the denarius, but it an aurelianus. lfthe tariff argument is was the p redom inant coin minted accepted, there should be some docu­ through much of the 200's. mentation of an edict by Aurelian, This denomination is very special , specifyi ng the value of the coin against Double-Denarius. as it is currently the only way we even the denarius. The denarius itself had know of the existence of some usurp­ been reduced to only a bronze coin at Antoninianus or ers. For example, less than five genu­ that time and minted only in very small Aurelianus .... ine examples combined arc known to­ quantities, even though it was still the day of Si lbannicus and Domitian II. denomination of accounts. Following in the fool steps of his Silbannicus is known to history only In 294, with inflation rampant, and ill ustrious predecessors, Caracalla by the existence of two coins. He may the intrinsic value of the mostly bronze continued to cause inflationary pres­ have been a usurper in Gaul. Domitian antoninianus fall ing quickly, sures throughout the Roman Empire " was mentioned in some ancient writ­ Diocletian introduced a monetary re­ with his excesses, but took monetary ings, hut only two coins of his survive form. Using a newly created coin, the corruption to a whole new level. today. Some other obscure personages IE fo lli s, as the un it of account. the AR Nero began debasing the silver de­ who only appear on antoniniani to date denarius, billon antoninianus and all narius over a century earlier, but it are Regalianus, Dryantilla, Jotapianus, bronze denominations were replaced took Caracalla, with his introduction Pacatianus and Proculus. by the AR argenteus, ;E follis and its of a ncw denomination, to rea ll y show (To read about the exciting dis­ ;E fractions. Thus, after a mere 79 how iI's done properly. In 2 15, along covery of the second k nown ex­ years, ended the role of the doomed came a curious ncw coin, tariffed at ample of Domi tian II, visit http:// denomination, whose very birth was two denarii. The problem was, it www.an a nova.com/news!s tory / crafted from corruption. didn't have IWO denarii worth of sil­ sm_ 871209.html). Interestingly enough, the fo llis can ver in it! And you thought modern As time went on, the antoninianus also be found with XXI in its early politicians were bad! continued to lose intrinsic value. Un­ form, which begs the question of the Although we don't know what this der the emperor Aurelian, a mark be­ link to the now replaced antoniniani coin was called by the Romans, it is gan appearing on the coin , al though and perhaps also a mark of 20: I silver often referred to by three different even that is slill not fully understood content. Doug Smith continues the names: double-denarius, antoninianus today. The mark was XXI or KA, de­ observati on on th is page h11Jl.;.L1 and later, aurelianus. For sake of ar­ pending on the mint. Serdica and Tri­ dou!;smi th , ancients, info! gument, I will use t he term polis used KA and all others, includ­ feac73xxi.html. "antoninianus", as that was the one ing Serdica on some issues, used XXI. To see what Roman Imperial de­ taught to me when I first began col­ There are two theories I' ve read for nominations were issued during differ­ lecting and is the term most often en­ the marks: ent periods, I've created a chart at countered today. The goal of this col­ I -The coin was tariffed at 20 http://www.beastcoins.com! umn is to spark interest in readers to antoniniani to I denarius RomanimperiallRIC.htm and I'm add­ learn more about this coin and perhaps 2 - The composition of the coin ing photos to show examples, along propose some theories and evidence in was 20 parts bronze and I part si I ver with the sizes and weights to illustrate future Celalo,. columns on some of the Some analysis, but nothing conclu­ how dramat ically coinage changed unresolved questions. sive, has been done to determine ifthe from beginning to end. For more about the purchasing power of various issues throughout the history of the Ro man Empire. visit Doug Smith's page at b..l!Q.;11 dour;smith.ancients.info/worth.html.

The I nternet Si tes of the Month are Ji m Shaffer's dedication to coins of Philip I and his fam ily, where he has Learn All About Collecting Ancient Coins reproduced more details of the life cycle of the antoninianus, http:// cttua ntiq u i ties .com/Ph i lip_lI www.ancientcoinmarket.com Philipl-Antoninianus.htm which was reproduced with permission from Tom Schroer's Moneta software at New Articles Monthly http://www.numus.com/.

44 The Gelator NY Sale Cont. from page 23

Following the ancient section, Specializing in world coinage featured a large offer­ Ancient ing of Indian coins from the ancient to the Mughal periods, and a small , R.omar, Coins but important group of rare Chinese gold and silver crowns. Both elicited Visit our VCoins store 10 browse in eJCctS$ 0/ 1000 coi"$ available for pun;hasc: on-line. fervent bidding. The highlight of the Eastern offer­ Enjoy our monthly Cefotor cofumn, "The [nlemet Conne<:lion", oo-wnnen with Kevin Barry. ing was a Mughal gold zodiac mo­ hur. Depicting the Virgo motif, one Visit our research site www.lx:ast~oins.com for attribution assisUlnce on Roman of the rarest Zodiac signs in this fa- Imperial, Provincial and Republican. Byzantine and Sasanian coins. lnfonnation, photos and daUlbase entries an: added nearly daily. Greek, Kushan and other cultures to mous be added as material becomes available. series, the Current Show Schedule: co j n April 21-24, 2005 was CleF struck Hol iday Inn O'Hare. Rosemont IL a t June 23-26, 2005 A 9 r a M,dAmerica Coin Expo in the Stephens Cony Clr, Rosemont IL H ij ra October 2. 2005 Owner of the controversial - Pannonian Hat" yea r Milwaukee Num,smal,c Society bronu eoin of Constantine I 1033 , Seru HClII. M,lwaukee WI regnal year 19. On th e obverse: a winged Beast Coins, LLC - PO Box 510897 - New Berlin, WI 53151-0897 - USA maiden, her head nimbate with so­ Zach Beasley - [email protected] lar rays, standing holding an ear of Member _ ANA, ANS. ACCG and supporter of ACE (Ancient Coillll for Education) corn. On the reverse: the Persian legend: The face of God was deco­ rated at Agra by Jahangir Shah, Shah Akbar. Graded a Good VF, the coin hammered down at $55,000. Ve ry pleased with the outcome of the Indian and Eastern offering, the sale's principals say that th ey will STILL IN PRINT continue such offering next year with an even stronger presence. Coming on the heels of Auction Martin J. Price IX, was Auction X: rare Russian coins and medals. The market con ­ The Coinage in the name of Alexander tinues to be hot, even electrified for Russian coins, as bidding in the sale the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus showed. A British Museum Catalogue. Zurich/London 1991 Davissoos Coot. from page 22 2 cloth bound volumes, 637 pages, 159 plates

the large Elizabeth I Battle of Nie­ The Swiss Numismatic Society is pleased to announce that the uport, restrikes of two of Thomas late Mart in Pri ce's masterwork on the coinage of Alexander Simon's uniface Oliver Cromwell medals, a seventeenth century view is still available from the Society's di stributor. of London, and four superb proofs in copper shells from the Boulton Great Special Price for Celator readers: Tew Estate portraying Matthew Boul­ $275.00 includine postaee. ton himself, Lafayette, Rousseau, and the William 1111 Bombay Mint lion and palm tree AR 65mm. To order. send your cheque to: The well illustrated catalog in­ Mr. Alexander Wild, Rathausgasse 30, CH 30 11 Berne, Switzerland cluding several plates in color is available from Davissons Ltd., phone phone: 004 t 03 1 3 11 4480, rax: 004 1 031 3 11 4470 (320) 685-3835; fax (320) 685-8636; email [email protected]; USPS at and don't forget to note that you are a Celator reader! Davissons Ltd ., Cold Sp ring MN 56320.

April 2005 45 Davis Cont. from page 38 fid cncc for Ihis "authenticated" beauty. Liebert Cont. from page 39 One can guess the pote ntial repercus­ sions o f that. somewhere down the road. tor to do is to become as fam iliar as least by implication, to be experts. (I f It 's easy to say that anyone can make a possible with the arti sti c styles and they (Jo,, '( claim to be experts, where do mistake; since all dealers sooner or lal­ manufact uring details o f genuine ob­ they gel off selling a service that grades er inadvertently scll a deceptive fak e, and (/ Il thelllicates ancient coins?) jects so th at he or she can spot the more why sho uldn't a grading service eve n­ obvious fak es. As always, for the more That brings us to the most scrious tually cncapsul ah! one? Fair enough, but probl em with slabbed ancie nt coi ns: au­ perni cious types of high-end fak es one this coin isn' t deceptive at all \0 an ex ­ mu st trust the superior knowledge of thenticit y. In a column a few years bock, perienced eye. It's one thing 10 bricOy re putable dealers and recogni zed I mentioned in passing thai I'd never overlook a high-qu ali ty cast sestenius, seen an obvious fake in a slab. Well , now Egyptologists. Although there are perhaps wit h a 150-year-old genuine pa­ many fa ke objects on the market and I have. An Ebay seller proudly offered a tina, bUI no veteran dealer or collector ';Rarc. Superb Sextus Pompey Galley there have been fo r several hundred would give this piece a second glance. years. there are also many genuine Typc" (sec photos). Tha" s what it pu r­ If the slabbers can"' detect iI, perhaps ported to be anyway. Crawford 483n. objects in wood to be had today and they need to find another line of work. or the prudent collector should not be The text added that it was authen ticated. at least research genuine examples of the afraid 10 acquire them. encapsulated. and graded EF45. A high­ type before declaring th is one authentic. resol ution photo of the obverse ill Sill/, I wan I to emphasize that I have no ill .I·tabu as it were. was also included, problem with the ethics or integrity Hendin Coni. from page 41 so clearly the sellcr felt the slab was a of the grading fi rm. When I contact­ positi ve talking point. The reverse gal­ ed them about thi s, they listened care­ ley was fa irly well engraved and plausi­ full y and in vestigated promptly, al­ lute is that of Zeus Hypsistos. This iden­ ble, and by itself might have required a though initially with a certain skepti­ tification is based on a comparison with bi t of study to detect, but just a glance at cism. Quickly enough, they acknowl­ other coins of NeaJX) lis on which this the cartoon portrait of Pompey Magnus edged their error (in their view, virtu­ deity is similarly depicted. The three oth­ was enough to reveal lhis as a pretty in­ all y the fi rst fake, US or .mcient. they er fig ures arc those of the priests offi ci­ ept forgery; die-struck. but fro m modem e ver hud encapsul ated), got in touc h aling li t the sacrificial ceremony who dies. Anyway, I'd seen this baby before. with the dealer who had ori ginal ly slaughter the lamb at their fee t. They Thi s is serious business. not on a par submitted th e coin for encaps ulation, seem 10 be raising their hands in a ges­ with confusing Caracalla and hi s cous­ and took measures to remove the coin ture of prayer and smearing thei r fllces in. A genu ine ex ample of the Sex tu s from the marke tplacc and to prevent with the lamb's blood, as is also done Pompey gall ey denarius. virtually un­ a recurrence. Onc could hardly ask no wadays by the Samaritans. During the worn and without the problems of cen­ more of them. I don't question thcir third century AD, thi s ceremony was tering and strike thai plague the issue. is honesty or good intentions. only their apparentl y performed on Passover in worth a minimum of 53000, probabl y expenise. (The Ebay seller 1.lso behaved ho nor of Yahweh. who was associaled closer to $5000. A novice but deep- pock­ approprialely and promptly cancelled with Zeus Hypsistos, whose temple is eted collector might shell it out with con- his listing.) Still, incompetence of this seen above the scene. " magnilUde is hard to countenance. The Hence we have here a rare example slabbers may have a deep understand­ of an earl y version of the Passover sac­ Say you saw it in ing of US numi smatics. but when they rifi ce depicted on a coin more than 1700 make the jump 10 ancients, they truly yeurs old. The Celator arc meddling with forces they don't un- L erstan. It r1S ... ;::======~-:-~~~~~~~:~:· ~c::-_-:-__ .,-.,--:-:-:--.:c=o:p~y~ri~g~h l~©~( 2005 by David Hendin " THI~ SUo UISTORY CUANfJR" ~PARTIA[fJT: H@['~ TI-I[ R[MOfJ WII Y; '~;~m:~~~:~J NOBODY WAfJT[DTYOU WOJ,I'TO B[ AT TlI[01.1 TAlLOJD«mrCARAVAAI TH[ WI-IUJ UMmrBAL eRO~[DT I-I [A l P~,.~i' Be

WI-IAT'lfJ'T UBI A IA [ 'O ~ ' BAA l II: YOU {)()IJ7WAT{!JI WU[R[ AR, T~,Y ffWlNC YOU'R\: WAlKI~ G, YOU'll fI~O OUT. T~ O~, mp~A~T~ ? ! ... RI G ~T UPTO YOUR KNf[S !

46 The Gelator Professional Directory

( Antiquities ) (Antiquities & Coins ) ( Antiquities & Books )

fRAGnrITS Of TiMf 'JI'J{'1J Jl'J{CI'E'J{'T Nunlisillatie Liter.lture MUSEUM-QUALITY ANCIENT ART Tl('DtS'U1('ES Specializing in Greek, Roma n, on the net at: Egyptian and Etruscan www.ancient guy.com Antiquities f'\fl. Harry Rescigno 1'0. Box 376 The Time P.O. Box 415 Medfield, MA 02052-0376 Machine Co. Newfoundland, NJ 07435 Tel : (508) 359 - 0090 Send for free Ust of Numismatic Literature E-mail: [email protected] Fine Archa.eological Art and Coins Contact us for our complimentary ANTIQUARIUS catalogue of fine antiquities P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sta. Visit us on the Internet al: Queens, NY 11367 Robert Loosley (718) 544-2708 http://www.antiquities.net Professional dealer since 1969 - c)!; Scaby Greek & Roman HD ENTERPRISES I I " " I ' >- Antiquities I - >..J I \ I"', \ \ . \ >- Indian Artifacts & Pottery www.antiquities.co.nz ,.. Pre-Columbian Gold & Pottery [email protected] >- Ancient Coins ,.. Antique Bottles • Greek • Biblical • Jllooean Old West & Indian War Relics • Rom(m >- • Br-online _ Al1Iiqllilie.J ,.. Antique Religious Art ,.. Old Paper Company Web Site: ,.. Es tate & Ancienllcwelry www.herakles-inc.com NUMORUM A nn: Hank Johnson VCa;ns Store: ~ Numismatic Serv;ce$ P.O. Box 22082CL. Denver, CO 80222 www.vcoins.com/hcraklcs ~, Ph : 303·695- 1301 Fax: 303-751-3281 Pmy Siewel E-rn3il: [email protected] 1'080:<480611 Coin Photography Char/Qlle. NC ]8269 Catalogs' Mail Bid Sales (eBay seller name is hd_cnterprises) (704) j98.2114

Online Catalog: Stephen Hu~ton. Sox 909, Union City C,t, 9~581 www.ITOCOOt.:ro.oornIHDENrERI'RlSES www.numorum.(om

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April2oo5 47 Professional Directory

( Books ) ( Coins ) (~ __-,C",o""in"" s,---_~)

GOOD LIBRARI ES ON ANCIENT COINS Brian Kritt RUb~IK NU MI SMATICS Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins Specializing il/ AI/dent WANTED AN(IENTGREEI<& ROMAN Greek. Rom(ln & Jmitlic: Coins BYZANTINE We. actively purchase desirable numis.­ EARLY RUSSIAN matic books, calalogues and periodicals MEDIEVAL BALKAN in all fields, and also conduct frequent auctions. Send $1 0.00 for our next cata­ ~ . O . B . 695S. SanJooc. CA ' SIS0.69SS. USA logue or visit our web sile to find books NDlIil: [email protected] fo r sale listed. dnd upcoming auctions. Wl'I"W.rudnlk.oom

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48 The Celator Professional Directory

( Coins ) ( Coins ) Coins ) ~-----".=-- C~-----"=--

Ancient & World Coins Specialist in SPA~TAN Ancient Coins PONTERIO Roman, Greek and Large Thalers, NtJHfSHATrCS & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1486-1800, In Exceptional Quality PO Box 19 a/so stock World Millor CoillS. 1818 Robinson Ave. Medals. Crowns. Artifacts, Furlong, PA 18925 San Diego, CA 92103 Books and Coin cases (215) 343·9606 Qur inv!

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April2005 49 Professional Directory

( Coins ) ( C oins ) ( Coins )

PRICE LIST OF ANCIENT COINS Maine Classical Fixed price offerings and We offer jreql,enl Ancient Bargain Price Lim on-line auctions of which cOII/ojl!" nice "elecrion of the fol/owing: Numismatics exceptional ancient coins Ancienr Greek Coins (silver & 2069 Atlantic Hwy., Greek Imperial Coins Warren, ME 04864 Roman Egyplian Cuins Visit Judacan & Biblical Coins Bowley's: A full service coin center Coins of the Open 7am to Spm Mon. thru Fri. www.PauI-Ryneanon.com Coins of the Twelve Caesars and 7am to 4pm on Sat. Roman Republic Coins' Roman Byzantine Imperial Coins ' Early coins of U.s. Route #1, Warren, Maine Numismatic Dealer England, SCOliand, & Ireland · Anglo-Galli" Business: 207-273-3462 since 1967 Write for you, free copy of our laresl Barso;n Home: 207-273-2653 Price List of Andem Coin.< When in Maine stop in and see tis. Dell/ers in Anciem coins since 1965 We will be glad fo see you . M & RCOINS 11407 S. Harlem Ave. Barrie Jenkins Worth, IL 60482·2003 Classical Numismatist (708) 671·0806 or (708) 430· 1445 • Fax (708) 636·4247 lonathan K. Kern Co. Bachelor of Arts, Numismatic.... Ancient, Medieval, Early American Numismatics

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Warden Edgar L. Owen, Ltd. Numismatics, LLC Fine Ancient Coins Antiquities, World Art Specialists on Coinages of Specialists in Greece, Rome, the Nea r East, Ancient, Medieval Central Asia & india and World Coins Huge Internet Gallery Derek P. B. Warden Major• On- Line AUClion Unsold Items Now At P.O. BOX 2210 Classical Numislllatist North Bend. WA Bargain Reserve Prices www.edga rlowen.com 98045 P.O. Box 121 Wyncote. PA 19095 USA [email protected] Tel. (425) 831-8789 e-mail: dwardcn @comcast.ncl Tel: 973-398-9557, Fax: 398-8082 scottloos@ msn.com Tel .lFax: 215-884-6721 POB 7 14. Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849

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Visiting: San Francisco? AMPHORA The Silicon Valley? Pegasi Stanford University? Jewish' Biblical NUMISMATICS Greek · Roman TREASURE Ann Arbor, MI Holicong, PA Visit. .. Coins · Weights ISLAND Classical mlllrism(jfisl.~ setvi"8 beginners Ilrm lU!I'wrced collectors Antiquities· Jewelry We carry a large inventory of Ancients as well as the largest Free Illustrated Catalogs Free if/lls/ra/ed fisl Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. available UpOIl request Classical Greek, Roman, TREASURE ISLAND Byzantine, and Med ieval " We wrote the book 3703 EI Camino Real Coins, Books & Antiquities on Biblical coins!" Palo Alto, CA 94306 P.O. Box 131040 (650) 855-9905 AMPHORAfJ~' Ann Arbor, MI48113 ~ . P.O. 6ox 80S ~~ \ email: [email protected] Phone: (734) 995-5743 www.licoinS.com Fax: (734) 995-3410 ~~ Nn!;;~E/~;=(Offi ~C~

ANCIENT ~ RARE IMPORTS t )/ spS,?'~~,~"e Coinage of Judaea WWW.ANCIENTIMPO RTS.COM CELTIC. ROMAN, EASTE RN, * Ancient BIBLICAL. GREEK. BYlANTINE + * Medieval ~~ SPECIA LI ZING IN CElTIC CO INS * Modern ~ Siamak Ahghari Of AN'CIE~.JT GAl Numismatist William M. Rosenblum C()hu of Gruk, ROI/IIH1, p.o. Box 355 Evergreen CO 80437-0355 Sdrurid, BYUlIIliut, clc. MARC I ER Phone: (303) 838-4831; 910-8245 Spccifllhing hi Eastern Coillflge Fax: (303) 838- [213 PO BOX 593 P.O. Box 9667, San Jose. CA 95157 GRAND MARAIS, M N 55604 E-mail: [email protected] tel: 408.2.8 1.3870 fax : 408.281.7205 [email protected] www.rosenblumcoins.com email: l'arscoins@yahoo_CQIll

111 the United States si/lce 1980 A . qIVITtl,8· ISLAMIC & INDIAN LONDON COIN COINS III III GALLERIES From the earliest ~ ,VUMISMATICS 6 PI/IUTELY GALLERY or Mission Viejo ••• .to the present (specializing in hoards) Buying and Selling Ancien!, Medieval and All Owner: John Saunders World Coins Assoc: Gordon Scholle The Shops of Mission Viejo Free Pricelist Price lisls issued regularly, Suite 27, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 "We cufer fO till colle(·tors. available llpoll request Tcl. (949) 364-0990 begillller through ud l'allced " STEPHEN ALBUM F:lx (949) 364-5290 www.civitasgalleries.com londoncoill @cox.net P.O. BOX 7386 6800 University Ave SANTA ROSA, CA. 95407 U.s.A. Middleton, WI 53562 phone: 707-539-2120 fax: 707-539-3348 www.LCGMV.com Tel: 608.836.1777 Fax: 608.836.9002 Apri! 2005 51 Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins ) (___ __~C~oi~n~s ______)

Rqlp ~ ,J2~0q r co Visit us on the web at' VCoins PO. Box 705, Murray Hill, NJ 07974-0705 USA TelephoneIFAX (908) 464-7252 m~HJ;;QjQS: ~~Qmcast. net httpj/www.vcoins.com/ CEL:r1C, G REEK, ROMAN ralphdemarco and HAMMERED COlNS bought ,(; sold- illuslmled lisl UPO'1 requesl P.O. Box 32. Hockwold. Brandon. U.K. IP26 4HX Fred B. Shore TcVFax: + 44 (0) 1842828292 C/assiclll Nllmi.fnllltic5 en-.ail: mil:c .... [email protected] AncieJJf Greek. Roman and website: http ://www.\lOSpc r4co il~~.t'O.uk Parrhia/! coinI of the highest qlwlily boughr (Uld sold

PO Box 398 KIRK DAVIS Ancient & Medieval Coins Schwenksville, PA 19473 Classical Numismatics (610) 287-4820 fax (610) 287-4821 Greek ' Roman ' Celtic E-mail: [email protected] Nu mismalic Literature llluSIr:lICd Catalogues issued quarterly Top dollar paid for single coins ancient & rare coins or en tire collections p.o. box 387, r)'e, n.y. 10580 Please call or wrile and express ),ollr imtrt,~1 Post Office Box 324 Claremont, CA 9 17 11 USA Greek • Byzantine (909) 625-5426 Roman· Judaean Donald R. & Marcella Zauche sRhinx . P.O. Box 2000 Wc.~l minste r, MD 21 158 Phone: 19141939-2058 Numismatics (4 10) 857·2369; Cell (4 10) 292·0209 Oriental Gred • tslamic • parthian www.vcoins.comlsphinx ,\'0 r k coin s. c om AT'l..AftTIS,LTD. TEL. 905-947-0954 yrn! shriki@sympaticQ,ca Rom a n Qr \111) A"It II "I COl"'" CANADA An c i e nt Briti sh E n g l i s h, Scotti s h See our complete & Iri s h H amm e r e d invento ry on-line at Your ad could be ",,,il P.M,!;, #3f>1 7211 i'lou;rin Slrcel Fore", Ilill, New York 11 375· 5354 in this space for less p/MHt (71 'K) 544 0120 /".\"(716) 5440120 Pu rchases and Sa les " /If,lit :u1 ton)'@)'orkcoill5.COnl Auction Representation thall $17 per mOllth! uthenticalion and Valuation Send your advertising message Occasional Lists to a targeted market of almost

NIatU~ LId. 2,500 ancien t coi n enthusiasts. :37 fl. arIM1fII: Ave .• Sk. -'I' 0rYnd0. rL .nOOJ Advertise in the 1'I1n: /407) S-,-jO+!l ' f'a>:: (41)7) 87:./·-'68/3 York Coins /:mall: all"'''''' ~ 8 11a''I'''.lld , '''''1 Professional Directory! A nlOl!} IVIIJon ProftHiollal NllmUmafiJI

52 The Cefator Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) (~ ____~C~o~i~n~s ____~ ) ( Coins & Shows ) Ancient Coins, :M&.M WEISS Antiquities, Literature COllECTABLE & Related Collectibles! g-{umismatics, Ltc!. SALES Bought, Sold a nd Au ction ed! ANCIENT-MEDIEVAL' EARLY FOREIGN

a" e Oj l/I<' OId~ SI Fir",s iii ,lie U.S. QUALITY COINS FOR EVERY BUDGET dealirrx in A",:icn' Coin •.' VISIT OUR TABLE AT THESE SHOWS: /"'''''''';00''/ 1I",,,,;,,,ioli of P"'jusi"",.1 Hum"""" ;'" 'IIt"''''r sin,'. 1970. All of OUt auctioQ catalog"\'$, prites rea l"zrd Apr. 8- 1O - Amcrican Numi smatic Assn .. and upcuming auction inronnation Crown CCnler. Kansas City, MO ~)"ailable for frl't: On·Line! Apr. 15- 17- Michigan Stale Num. Soc .. Fixed Price Lists Hyatt Regency Hotel, Dearborn. MI Malter & Co. Inc. Public Sales· Appraisals Apr. n _24_Chicagu I n n Coin Fair. 17003 Ve ntura BIn i., Sic. 205, Crown Plaza O·Hare. Rosemont. lL Buying and Selling NW Assn .• , Enci no, CA 91316 Apr. 29-May I- Pacific Num . Community Or. (Seattl e). Tu kwila .WA ,.~ I'h. (818) 784-7772 Contact Lucien Birkler ~): Fax (818) 784-4726 P.o. Box 65908 ~7 TOLL FREE (888) 784-2131 POST OFFICE BOX 661 • E-mail : mi ke @ m.aJ t e rgal le'; es.~'(lm WashinglOn, D.C. 2(XJ35 HOPATCONG, NJ 071143 www.maltergalleries.com Tel. 202-833-3770 ' Fax 202-429-5275 (973) 398-0700

Now online at www.lleoins.com CLASSIC COINS MAY 13-14, 2005 Greek. Roman SEPT. 16-17, 2005 Ancient & Medieval British COIN & STAMP SHOW SelectedJor quality and value (FORMERLY THE C[)aviJj$o'l.S N UMISMATlC&ANTl- ,@.. ~ Ltd. V -v - - Cold Spring. MN 56320-1050 QUARIAN BOURSE) * Catalogues Issued Monthly 320-6l!5-3S35 • FAX 320-685-8636 • Please wrile ro c free sample email: coinS@Cloudnet.~om CATHEDRAL Hll.L HOTEL VA N NESS & GEARY STS. Warne ClC . i1billips SAN FRANCISCO, CA Post Office Box 4096 INFO: BICK INT'L Reach A Targeted Audience­ Diamond Bar, CA 91765-0096 P.O. BOX 854 Phone/Fax: (909) 629-0757 Professional Directory VAN NUYS, CA 91408 Ads Get Results! Serving the Collector Sillce 1959 818-887-6496

SAMUS NUMISMATICS, LLC 11fJ ( Numismatic Services) t CoinArt.net Ancient Coins & Artifacts Bi blica l Antiquities Numismatic Gifts Ancient Art WWW.8AMUSCOINS.COM [email protected] PO Box 3356 (\\1JN E ~ . AIiRlBl.lOO'l &V A~T.ON ~ Iowa City. IA 52244 P.O. BOX 26715 Phone: (319) 621·4327 TAMARAC, FL R)1 AHCiOO GRE£X, R()I.!.~~ ~ Sfb\~ CO!SS Toll·Free: 888·853·7866 33320. USA

April 2005 53 Club & Society Directory

Ancient Coin Club Twin Cities Cla.. ieal & Medieval of Chicago Ancient Coin Club Numiematie Soeiety Meels the 4th Thursday of the Meets the 4 (h Monday of the Meets 3 OT '7Jil es a year in Toronto, month at 7:30pm at Immanuel Canada, in If\if"Y C!rk at t h~ NYINC, month ~cept Dec .~ at 6pm at Lutheran Church , 104 Snelling the research library of Harlan J. Ave., one block south of Grand and at t'he ~ua l €~VentlOn of the Berk, Ltd. at 7FJW. Washington, Ave. in 51. Paul, MN . For more CanadiaKN'~is ma tl C)A ssocialion. 13 1h Floor, in downtown Chi- information, please contact the It also pu1&i s ~\.~ rt erly', joumal. For inforrliatlon, plbtsejMne Bill caga. Ror information, please Club Secretary, Art Noot, at 715/ 332-5443 oc by 8 - mail at MCDona~ at 11:?94-86~90Ie-mai l write: ACCC [email protected]. billmcdo@ldi&c .com. ,. P.O ) loX 411933, Chicago, IL 60641-t.933. www.ancient-coin-club-ducago.com D.A.W.N. Orange C ount.Y Please }OJ n our monthly dis- Denver Area World cussion of Greek, Ro man and Numismatists Biblical coins and an! iquilies. Meets the 1"' Sunday of each month OCACC at 1-4 PM at the American Legion AnCi ent· C~OIl", Club Hat! tocated on Mississippi Avenue n.: OCAce m<:<:\>.,., thc4'h Sunday "fthe m<>nth just west of Federal Blvd. in Denver, Ancient Co in Club from 1:30-4:30PM at the Fountain Valley f'ublic Colorado. For collectors of Ancient, Lib,ary. The library is localed at 17~15 Los A l amo ~ Medieval and World coins. All are SIT"'" in f ountain Valley. Please contact iJfen Telford of Los Angeles at (949) 463·3397 ()f at bfcn@s<>cakoin •.com fQf I~ at 303- dct>il, ()fI fu tufe m",,'ing. Meets the 2"" Sunday of the month I for further information. ..·ww."",.tc";n'.oomiOCACC.h",, at 1 pm at the Town Hall in the Balboa .Mission Shopping Center in Granada Hills, CA. For more :7Incieni Xumismal/c information, please contact [email protected] or please C)(n"iy ofWashinylon, 7)C visit htt:p: llwww.accla.org. NANX Usually meets the 3'" Sunday of each " Massacbusetts Ancient mOTlth at 2:00pm. Please join lL~ for OlU· ",. lSurnismati - progrJ.tnS and diS(;ussions of ancient nu- - Association San Francisco Ancient mismatics and history. For more infor- A,n ancient coiQc\ub mation, pleasecontaLi FirstConsul Mike Numismatic Society welcomeS' your p articipation. Mehalick 301-552-2214, For j ~fo r mat i o n write: GENJOA [email protected]"' Meets the 2 'Kl Saturday of each 1'[email protected] t http://answ.ancients.info. month at 2 : ISpm at Fort Ma- son, San Francisco . Guests are welcome. For further infonna- Classical Numismatic Ancient Coin tion, please contact Society of the Collectors Gu ild SFANS @ ancient-coins.com. Delaware Valley Meets the 2",1 Saturday of each PAN - The Pacific monlh al I :OOpm at Camden 1ft) County Library, 15 MacArthu r ~It..C~~ . ~ Ancient Numismatists Blvd., Westmont, NJ 08108. For , . 'v<"' Meets the 2r

54 The Gelator Celator Classifieds fNDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Aiello, John ."." ...... " ...... " ...... 26 AA>um. Stepl>hora 41 . 51 Ancient Coin Ma(\(et IACM·L) .... . " ...... " ." ...... " . 44 Ancient & Rare Coins ... " ." ...... " ."." ...... " ...... 52 STILL LOOKING for a special book HU L K LOTS-50 uncleaned Roman Ancient Irnports 51 Antiqua tnc, . 10 on ancient or foreign coins? Please visit silver and bronze coins just as found AntiQUa riuS ...... 47 at dig sites. Sold "AS IS" for only A rt6 PrirTV1M:> ...... 47 our website: www.vanderdussen.com. Astarte S ,A. 14, 56 Van del' Dussen - Numismatic Books, $69.95. Free illustrated catalogs is­ Atlantis, Ltd. 52 sued for 36 years. Francis Rath, Box Beach. James E ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 49 Witmakersstraat 14- A , 62 11 J 8 Beasl Coins. LLC 45 266, Youngstown, NY 14174 Bell< Ltd .. Hartan J.. , ...... 49 Maastricht, Netherlands. Befman, Allen G.. 18 AGING BUT AMIABLE COLLEC­ Bd< Inlernational ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 53 ANCIENT and MEDIEVAL COINS. Calgal)' Coin Gallery .. . 49 TOR invites you to check out his website: Cede~ ind . TOO1 ... " ...... " ...... Inside FfOIll Cove, Historical background given for each coin CGB-CGF ZO http://www.deepfield.com/anoot. Art Civitas Gall&ri<>s, ...... " ...... " ...... 51 listed. Robert G. Lilly, P.O. Box 7757, Cla.oical Cash ...... "." ...... " ... . " ...... 49 Noot, E-mail: anoot@pct(.;nel.net CIa ••ica l NumI,,,,,,ti< G","""" Inc.. " ...... ~2 Cross Lanes, WV 25356, 304-759-0402, CoinArt.ne1 ...... " ...... " ...... 53 Web Site: http://www.wvinter.netl-lilcoins Coins 01 Timo> ...... " ... . " ...... " ...... " ...... 36 UNRESERVED MAIL AUCTIONS, Colosseum Coin Exchange 49 600+ lots, good qual ity ancients, free il­ Davis. Cllanes 37 ANCIENT COINS & BOOKS-Qoal­ Davis. Kir1< ...... " ...... " .. .. " ...... 12. 52 lustrated catalogs. Frank S. Robinson, Daviss<)I1s ity ancien! Greek, Provincial, Roman, Ltd ...... "." ...... " ... . " ...... " .. 53 Box 3040-AC, Albany, N Y [2203; DeMarco, Dr. Ralph ...... " ...... " ...... " .. .. , 52 Byzantine, Judean and Medieval coins Durst. Sanford J ...... "." ...... "."." ...... 35 [email protected]. Elsen S .A., Jean ." ... . " ." ." ...... " ...... , 52 at ve ry reasonable prices. Visit our Fragments Of Time .. . " ...... " ...... " ...... 47 Freernan &s...r 21 website at: http://www.socaicoins.com. SASANIAN COINS, Hi story and more GQsilver coin for $15 or He ri tage Nurniomat" Auc1ions. Inc. I I Hirsctl, Gerhard Nacl\l. 29 Parkway, Suite I E#261,Foothill Ranch,CA explore the history of the Sasanians, their Independenl Coin Gradir\9 (leG) 9 Isaacs, MicIIa~.. . 4\ 92610. E-mail: [email protected]. neighbors, enemies, and predecessors, Kern C<:> .. Jonatl\an K...... 50 \\"''Wsocaicoins.com We also focus on the Parthians, Kushans, Kolbe. George Freder,,\: 32.48 Kovacs. Frank L 10 early Byzantines, Hephthalites, Alchon Krirl, Brian 4a www.ArtisOpusGallery.com. Ancient Lau Numiomati< • • Ltd ...... " ...... " 19. 23 Coins and Antiquities. Antiquarian En ­ Huns, Nezaks, Turkic Tri bes and morc. London Coon Galleries .. ... 51 For a VF Sasanian drachm visit thc sitc Loog BeaCh Coin. Stamp & Collectible. ~ ' f>O 36 gravin gs and Books. Specializing in Loos, Scott & Lisa ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 50 or mail us at Ancient Coin Values, PO Maine Classical Numismal<:s ...... " ...... " ...... 50 coins of Greek Sicily and italy, Malter. ~ & C<:>, 53 BOX 28647, Oakdale, MN 55[28. M(>I1<)11 & Eden Ltd ...... 24 FREE PRICE LIST. Ancient, Medi ­ Murpl»', Barl)' P...... " ...... " ...... 47 M & M Numismatics, Ltd. , 53 eval and World Coins. Updated daily. Alexander Coins: Interested in the M & R Coins 50 Write: CIVITAS CPL, P.O. Box 620095. Coinage of Alexander t he Great of MOO""n unci MeMo... n Companies 7 New York lnlerna"onal Nurniomal<: Cow. .. 2a Middleton. W I 53562 or vi sit: Macedonia? Then join us in the Nilus C",no!Kalmbad> 49 Alexander Coins group at Yahoo! Numismati<;a AIS Clas. ica AG ...... " ...... 17 www.civitasgallerics.com. Numismal i ~ Laoz ...... " ...... " ...... 50 alexandercoins ­ Nu....,.,." Numi.mali< s..rvi<;es .... . " ...... " ... . " ...... " ." 47 Ow"". Edga r L ... " ." ... . " ...... " ...... " ...... 50 The Handbook of Roman Imperial subscri [email protected] PAN Spring Coin Show 27 Coins: Special offer to Celator readers Papyrus BooI;s ...... " ...... " ... 48 Antiquities .'or Sale: After thinning Pars Coi,.,s ...... " .. . " ...... 25. 51 $24.49 plus postage while stocks last. P09'ts< Ntmismatics ... " ...... " ...... " ." ." ..... " ." .. 5, 51 out my personal collection, I have the Peus. Or, Buss<> Nac~foIgef ...... Inside Back Covel Visit www.coinsoftime.com Phi l ~ps, Way"" C...... " ...... 53 following for sale: PonteriQ & Associal &$ " ." ." ...... " ...... " ...... 3, 3(), 49 - 2 Roman spoons Professional Numismalisls Guil, Harry ...... " ." ...... " ...... 47 I ancient civilization oil lamp Ral>Oh GmbH, H.D. 40 Ristow, John ...... 47 I Roman terracotta theatre token R<>mar1 Coin Pricll Yearbook ." ." ...... " .... " ." ...... " ...... 31 1 Roman bronze ring Rosenblum, W~ liam M, 6,51 Royal Alhena Gal.fies ...... " ...... " ...... 39 I Roman pottery vesse l ROOd, CMs 4,49 (~ __C~el~a~to~r~P~r~od~u~c~t~s ___) - I modern Bes statue (god of children's Ruodr'lik Numismatics ...... " ...... " ...... " ." . 46 RynearSOn. Paul 50 safct y /chi Idbi rth/etc.) Samus Numismatics, lLC ...... 53 Sarna Cla ra Coin, St~ & Collectibles hpo ...... 36 All items are mid to high grade, and come Say1PARTHIA.COM- Part hian cu lture, Swiss NumIsmatic Society 45 • Annual S ubscriptions geography, history. art and coins. Time Machin9 Co. " ." ." ...... " ...... " ...... 47 Thalr)< AG ...... " ...... " ...... 56 • Cordex Binders (tempo­ Extensive bibliography. Parthia-re­ Treasure Island ...... " ...... " ...... , 51 lated coins of Rome, Elymais and VCoiO$,com ... " ...... " ...... " , .. , ...... 13. 15 rari ly out of stock) Vooper, Mike ...... " ...... " .. 52 much more. http://parthia.com Waddel. Edward J. Ltd 16. 48 • Back Issues (from the Warden Numismatics. LLC " ...... " ...... " ...... 50 W.,.. CoIIocIobit! Sales ...... " ...... " ...... " .. 53 June, 1999 issue and afte r) WOOdS. Glenn W...... " ...... 21 ZalJCl>e. Don 8 Marcella ...... 52 The Cewtor Yc 0100 Curirn;i!i ...... " ...... 52 P.O. Box 839 Lancaster, PA 17608 Reach a targeted audience. TcllFax: (7 17) 656-8557 Em ail: [email protected] Classified ads get results!

April 2005 55 ASTARTE SA OF LUGANO-SWITZERLAND ANNOUNCES A HIGHLY IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTION OF THE FINEST QUALITY COINS, MEDALS AND PLAQUETTES From Gothic and Renaissance times to the present MAY 9TH, 2005 in Zurich WITH A GREAT NUMBER OF RARITIES IN GOLD, SILVER AND BRONZE This sale features high quality European coins, Medals and Pl aquettes from the highest degree of connoi sseurshi p. If you would like more information, please contact us.

Te lephone: + 41919233640 Astarte SA Fax: + 41 91 9232718 Via Canton ale l/a Email: [email protected] CH-6900 Lugano OU f catalogue wi ll be online. Switzerland W e b : www.astartesa.com

A. TKALEC AG OF ZURICH-SWITZERLAND ANNOUNCES A HIGHLY IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTION OF THE FINEST QUALITY ANCIENT COINS MAY 9TH, 2005 in Zurich

WITH A GREAT NUMBER OF RARITIES IN GOLD, ELECTRUM, SILVER AND BRONZE This sale features high quality Celtic, Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins from the highest degree of connoisseurship with modest starting prices. If you would like mo re in fo rmatio n , please contact us.

Telephone: + 4144251 82 29 A. TKALEC AG Fax: + 4144 251 8239 P.O. Box 2902 Email: coinst [email protected] CH-80n Zurich Our catalogue will be onlin e. Switzerland We b: www.coin stkalec.ch

56 The Gelator DR . Busso PEUS NACHF. N UMISMATISTS AND AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870. WO ULD LI KE TO ANNO UNC E

PUBLIC AUCTION 382 APRIL 26., 2005

ANCIENT AND ISLAi\lIC CO INS

Gr cl ~ k lind Homan Coins fr om ill1pO)"l l1111 EIII"OpCan Collections "od The Numismatic Library of P'·of. D,", Petel" Hobe rt Fnlnkc

AN D PUBLIC AUCTION 383 APRI L 27. -29., 2005

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN COINS

fea turing <:oins and medals of Russ ia ,

of the Kingdom of Prussia,

of J-J a~sja ami of the ci ty of F'nHlk f!..II"t,

Cal,,]ogll " S avail able ,, ' a h ie,,";,,1 ~ uh ""ri IJlion ra'" of US $ 40.

DR . Busso PE US NACHF. BORNWIESENWEG 34, D-60322 FRANKF UR T ,\,II MAIN TEL. 069 - 9 5966 20 FAX 0 69 - 55 5995 WWW.PEUS - MUE NZE N.DE

Please lei " " kno,,' wi th ~'o"r order. ,,-hie h of 'he IWO catalog""' .". .•. .,• •, (Anci.n' o r" M"dernj yon a r e 1",,"lieul • ..!)' inleT",'«' ill. ~'. -,.' /ioin ~a((erie.s is pleased to announce its regu lar SPRING MAIL BID SALE of ANCIENT AND MODERN COINS OF THE WORLD AND THE UNITED STATES Closing Date: Wednesday, April 13, 2005

Ancient coins for every haeres/ and pocketbook Profusely Illustrated Catalogues Available. The Price of$1O.00 Includes the Prices Realized

Coin Galleries has been conducting Mail Bid Aucti ons fcalU ri ng Ancien! coi ns since 1954. Our sales arc quarterly, in the Winter. Spri ng, Summer and Fall w ith the nex t scheduled for July 2005. Those wishing to consign material should contact us as soon as possible. Coins for inclusion in our July sale should be in our hands no latcr than April 22, 2005.

VISIT US ON THE WORllJ wIDe WEBAT.- www. slncks.com NElVPURCHASES·MONTHLYOFFERINGS·AUCTIONINFORMATION ore-maillLS at: [email protected]

123 West 57th Street· New York, New York 10019-2280 Telephone: (2 12) 582·2580 or (212) 582·5955 • I<'AX : (212) 245·5018 or (2 12) 582·1946 ftacIa/t!Oin 4Palleries Allctiolls • Appraisals · Retail - Since 1935