DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DISTRIBUCIÓN, ABUNDANCIA, DIVERSIDAD Y ATRIBUTOS BIOECOLÓGICOS DE ESPECIES DE CHRYSOPIDAE (NEUROPTERA) ASOCIADAS A FRUTALES DEL CENTRO Y NORTE DE MÉXICO Por: MANUEL RAMÍREZ DELGADO Como requisito parcial para obtener el Grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS CON ESPECIALIDAD EN ENTOMOLOGÍA Mayo, 2007 ii AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi Dios. Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y a la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, por el financiamiento y la oportunidad para realizar mis estudios de Doctorado. A las Autoridades Regionales y Nacionales del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), por su confianza y apoyo económico para esta etapa de mi formación. Al Doctor José Isabel López Arroyo, por su apoyo incondicional y paciencia durante el transcurso de mi preparación. Al Doctor Alejandro González Hernández, por sus sugerencias y apoyo para llevar a cabo las colectas de campo y la revisión de muestras. A los Doctores Urbano Nava Camberos, por su disposición, sugerencias y apoyo económico para el logro de esta investigación, Roberto Mercado Hernández y Mohammad H. Badii Zabeh, por su amistad, recomendaciones y palabras de aliento. A los Investigadores y Técnicos de los Campos Experimentales del INIFAP y de las Juntas Locales y Regionales de Sanidad Vegetal, por su ayuda durante mis recorridos, y a los Productores de frutales, por su confianza para permitirme entrar a sus huertas. iii DEDICATORIA A mis padres Manuel y María por darme la vida, por los valores morales y familiares que me han inculcado, y sobre todo por la bendición de tenerlos conmigo. A mi querida y amada esposa Luz Elva, por ser el centro de mi vida en todo momento. A nuestros hijos Manuel y Luis Carlos, como ejemplo y motivación para su superación. A mis hermanos y hermanas, a mis cuñados y sobrinos, por su ejemplo de vida y por su apoyo moral y económico. A las familias: Ramírez Delgado, Fernández Sáenz, Ramírez Originales, Hernández Ramírez, Alfaro Lozano y Herrera Delgado. A mis compañeros, por su compañía y apoyo en todo momento de mis estudios; y a mis amigos, por su amistad que se mantiene a través del tiempo y la distancia. iv TABLA DE CONTENIDO Sección Página ÍNDICE DE CUADROS EN EL TEXTO . ix ÍNDICE DE CUADROS EN EL APÉNDICE . x ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS . xi RESUMEN . 1 ABSTRACT . 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN . 3 1.1. Hipótesis. 5 1.2. Objetivo general . 5 1.3. Objetivos particulares . 5 2. ANTECEDENTES. 6 2.1. Familia Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) . 6 2.2. Diagnosis y distribución de los géneros de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) más importantes en control biológico de plagas . 8 2.2.1. Género Ceraeochrysa Adams . 8 2.2.2. Género Chrysopa Leach . 9 2.2.3. Género Chrysoperla Steinmann . 10 2.2.4. Género Mallada Navás . 11 2.2.5. Género Brinckochrysa Tjeder . 12 2.2.6. Género Ceratochrysa Tjeder . 12 2.2.7. Género Meleoma Fitch . 13 2.2.8. Género Eremochrysa Banks . 13 2.2.9. Género Leucochrysa McLachlan . 14 2.3. Distribución de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) . 14 2.4. Especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a plagas de frutales . 16 2.5. Especies de Chrysopa y Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) asociadas a plagas de frutales y otros cultivos . 18 2.6. Diversidad y abundancia de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) . 22 2.7. Potencial para el uso de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) contra plagas de frutales en México . 23 3. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS . 26 3.1. Abundancia y distribución de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en frutales del centro y norte de México . 26 3.1.1. Sitios de muestreo . 27 3.1.2. Colecta y frecuencia de muestreos . 28 3.2. Fluctuación poblacional de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles de naranjo, nogal y vid en tres estados del norte de México . 30 3.3. Diversidad y abundancia de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles frutales del centro y norte de México . 31 3.4. Análisis de la información . 31 v TABLA DE CONTENIDO (Continuación) Sección Página 3.5. Diagnosis de las especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a frutales del centro y norte de México . 32 3.6. Atributos bioecológicos de crisópidos. 33 3.6.1 Tabla de vida y reproducción de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) y Eremochrysa punctinervis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) . 34 3.6.2. Análisis de la información . 34 3.6.3. Fecundidad de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) bajo diferentes proporciones de machos . 35 3.6.4. Análisis de la información . 36 4. RESULTADOS . 37 4.1. Distribución y abundancia de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en frutales del centro y norte de México. 37 4.1.1. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a árboles de nogal en el norte de México. 37 4.1.2. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a plantas de vid en el norte de México . 38 4.1.3. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a árboles de cítricos en el centro y norte de México . 40 4.1.4. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a árboles de durazno, guayabo y manzano en el centro y norte de México . 41 4.1.5. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a árboles de aguacate, mango y papayo en el centro de México . 43 4.2. Fluctuación poblacional de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles de naranjo, nogal y vid en tres estados del norte de México . 44 4.3. Diversidad y abundancia de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles frutales del centro y norte de México . 54 4.4. Diagnosis de las especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a frutales del centro y norte de México . 56 4.4.1. Clave para identificación de géneros . 56 4.4.2. Clave para identificación de especies de Ceraeochrysa Adams . 60 4.4.2.1. Ceraeochrysa valida (Banks) . 61 4.4.2.2. Ceraeochrysa smithi (Navás) . 63 4.4.2.3. Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) (Schneider) . 64 4.4.2.4. Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks) . 66 4.4.2.5. Ceraeochrysa claveri (Navás) . 67 4.4.3. Clave para identificación de especies de Chrysopa Leach . 68 vi TABLA DE CONTENIDO (Continuación) Sección Página 4.4.3.1. Chrysopa oculata Say . 68 4.4.3.2. Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister (este y oeste) . 70 4.4.3.3. Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister . 72 4.4.4. Clave para identificación de especies de Chrysoperla Steinmann. 73 4.4.4.1. Chrysoperla carnea s. lat. Stephens . 74 4.4.4.2. Chrysoperla exotera Navás . 76 4.4.4.3. Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister . 77 4.4.4.4. Chrysoperla comanche Banks . 79 4.4.4.5. Chrysoperla externa Hagen . 82 4.4.5. Eremochrysa punctinervis Banks . 84 4.4.6. Género Leucochrysa McLachlan . 86 4.4.7. Clave para identificación de especies de Meleoma Fitch . 88 4.4.7.1. Meleoma arizonensis (Banks) . 88 4.4.7.2. Meleoma colhuaca Banks . 90 4.5. Atributos bioecológicos de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) . 91 4.5.1. Tabla de vida y reproducción de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) . 91 4.5.2. Fecundidad de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) bajo diferentes proporciones de machos . 93 4.5.3. Tabla de vida y reproducción de Eremochrysa punctinervis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) . 99 5. DISCUSIÓN . 101 5.1. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a frutales del centro y norte de México . 101 5.2. Fluctuación poblacional de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles de naranjo, nogal y vid de tres estados del norte de México . 109 5.3. Diversidad y abundancia de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles frutales del centro y norte de México . 111 5.4. Diagnosis de las especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a frutales del centro y norte de México . 112 5.5. Atributos bioecológicos de crisópidos . 113 5.5.1. Tabla de vida y reproducción de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) . 113 5.5.2. Fecundidad bajo diferentes proporciones de machos de Ceraeochrysa sp. nr. cincta (México) . 116 5.5.3. Tabla de vida y reproducción de Eremochrysa punctinervis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) . 117 6. CONCLUSIONES . 119 vii TABLA DE CONTENIDO (Continuación) Sección Página 6.1. Distribución y abundancia de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) asociadas a frutales del centro y norte de México . 119 6.2. Fluctuación poblacional de especies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) en árboles de naranjo,.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ralph A. Bram and William E. Bickley Department of Entomology INTRODUCTION Tlw green lacewings which are members of the genus Chrysopa are extreme- ly lwndicia1 insects. The larvae are commonly called aphislions and are well known as predators of aphids and other injurious insects. They play an important part in the regulation of populations of pests under natural conditions, and in California they have been cultured in mass and released for the control of mealy- bugs ( Finney, 1948 and 1950) . The positive identification of members of the genus is desirable for the use of biological-control workers and entomologists in general. Descriptions of most of the Nearctic species of Chrysopidae have relied heavily on body pigmentation and to a lesser extent on wing shape, venational patterns and coloration. Specimens fade when preserved in alcohol or on pins, and natural variation in color patterns occurs in many species ( Smith 1922, Bickley 1952). It is partly for these reasons that some of the most common and relatively abundant representatives of the family are not easily recognized. The chrysopid fauna of North America was treated comprehensively by Banks ( 1903). Smith ( 1922) contributed valuable information about the biology of the green lacewings and about the morphology and taxonomy of the larvae. He also pro- vided k<'ys and other help for the identification of species from Kansas ( 1925, 1934) and Canada ( 1932). Froeschner ( 194 7) similarly dealt with Missouri species. Bickley and MacLeod ( 1956) presented a review of the family as known to occur in the N earctic region north of Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewed Erature to Ensure the Most Up-To-Date Treatment with Caution, P~Rticularlyamong Older Literature
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 39-114. December 9, 1997 SPECIES CATALOG OF THE NEUROPTERA, MEGALOPTERA, AND RAPHIDIOPTERA OF AMERlCA NORTH OF MEXICO Norman D. Penny Department ofE~ztorizolog)~,Caldornla Acndony oJ'Sc~erzces, San Fmnc~sco,CA 941 18 Phillip A. Adams Ccllg'rnia State Utzivet-sity, F~lllet-ton,CA 92634 and Lionel A. Stange Florida Depat>tnzen/oj'Agt.~czi/trrre, Gr~~nesv~/le, FL 32602 Thc 399 currently recognized valid species of the orders Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera that are known to occur in America north of Mexico are listed and full synonymies given. Geographical distributions are listed by states and province\. Complete bibliographic references are given for all namcs and nomenclatural acts. Included are two new Junior homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic cornbinations, two new changes of rank, fourteen new synonymies, three new lectotype de\ignations, and onc new name. Received March 20,1996. Accepted June 3, 1997. The recent publication of Nomina Insecta been consulted whenever possible, as well as Nearctica, A Check List of the Insects of North Zoological Record, and appropriate mono- America (Poole 1996) has given us a listing of graphic revisions publishedup to 1 January 1997. North American Neuropterida (Neuroptera + A number of taxonomic changes are incorpo- Megaloptera + Raphidioptera) species for the rated into this catalog: there are two new Junior first tlme in more than a century. However, for homonyms indicated, seven new taxonomic anyone trying to identify these species, the litera- combinations, two new changes of rank. fourteen ture is scattered and obscure.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish, Various Invertebrates
    Zambezi Basin Wetlands Volume II : Chapters 7 - 11 - Contents i Back to links page CONTENTS VOLUME II Technical Reviews Page CHAPTER 7 : FRESHWATER FISHES .............................. 393 7.1 Introduction .................................................................... 393 7.2 The origin and zoogeography of Zambezian fishes ....... 393 7.3 Ichthyological regions of the Zambezi .......................... 404 7.4 Threats to biodiversity ................................................... 416 7.5 Wetlands of special interest .......................................... 432 7.6 Conservation and future directions ............................... 440 7.7 References ..................................................................... 443 TABLE 7.2: The fishes of the Zambezi River system .............. 449 APPENDIX 7.1 : Zambezi Delta Survey .................................. 461 CHAPTER 8 : FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS ................... 487 8.1 Introduction ................................................................. 487 8.2 Literature review ......................................................... 488 8.3 The Zambezi River basin ............................................ 489 8.4 The Molluscan fauna .................................................. 491 8.5 Biogeography ............................................................... 508 8.6 Biomphalaria, Bulinis and Schistosomiasis ................ 515 8.7 Conservation ................................................................ 516 8.8 Further investigations .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): Recent Acquisitions Chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon
    .I. ENTOMOL. soc. BRIT. COLUMBIA 97. DECEMBER 2000 39 The Chrysopidae of Canada (Neuroptera): recent acquisitions chiefly in British Columbia and Yukon J. A. GARLAND 1011 CARLING AVENUE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA KI Y 4E7 ABSTRACT Chryso pidae collected sin ce 1980 chiefly in British Co lumbi a and Yuk on, Canada, and some late additi ons co ll ected before \980, are reported. :Vinela gravida (Banks) is reported for th e first time in th e last 90 years. This is th e first supplement to th e inventory of Chryso pid ae in Can ada. Key words: Ne uroptera, Chryso pidae, Canada INTRODUCTION The chrysopid faun a of Canada, as presentl y und erstood (Garland 1984, 1985), has been full y in ve ntori ed up to 1980 (Garl and 1982). Since then , newl y co ll ected specimens in British Columbia and th e Yukon, and some older-dated specimens not previously seen, have become availabl e. The purpose of publishing th ese spec imen label data is to suppl ement th e already extensive in ve ntory oflabel data on th e Ca nadi an chrysopid fauna, thereby ex tending it to the year 2000. Materi als an d meth ods appropri ate to thi s study have been doc um ented elsewhere (Garl and 2000). All specimens reported here are depos it ed in the Spence r Entomologica l Museum, Department of Zoo logy, University of Briti sh Co lumbi a. Ac ronyms used below: BC , British Co lumbia; SK, Sas katch ewan; and YK , Yukon Territory.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Green Lacewings from the Late Eocene Baltic Amber
    The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, SONJA WEDMANN, and THOMAS WEITERSCHAN Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S., and Weiterschan, T. 2018. The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 527–537. Pseudosencera baltica gen. et sp. nov. of Chrysopinae (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) is described from Baltic amber. Additionally, another species, Nothochrysa? sp. (Nothochrysinae), is left in the open nomenclature. Pseudosencera bal- tica gen. et sp. nov. represents the oldest confident record of Chrysopinae. The new genus lacks the apparent forewing intramedian cell, and possesses three character states not found in other Chrysopinae: the simple AA1, the short basal crossvein between M and Cu, and 5‒6 rings of setae on the antennal flagellomeres. This genus is probably a special- ised form in a basal branch of Chrysopinae, that could not be attributed to any of the known tribes. The specimen of Nothochrysa? sp. consists only of fragments of the forewings. The late Eocene Baltic amber represents the oldest horizon where Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae are found to coexist. It is highly likely that Chrysopidae were extremely rare in these forests. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopinae, Nothochrysinae, Cenozoic, Baltic amber. Vladimir N. Makarkin [[email protected]], Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Sonja Wedmann [[email protected]], Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Markstrasse 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany. Thomas Weiterschan [[email protected]], Forsteler Strasse 1, 64739 Höchst Odw., Germany. Received 16 May 2018, accepted 5 July 2018, available online 23 July 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Zootaxa 3351: 1–14 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) FRANCISCO SOSA1 & SERGIO DE FREITAS2 1 Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Museo Entomológico “Dr. José Manuel Osorio” (UCOB), Barquisimeto, Lara, . E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased) Abstract Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982; Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás 1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni- talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae, and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)] comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi- fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described. The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species
    [Show full text]
  • Ceraeochrysa Smithi)* (N Europtera I Chrysopidae I Parental Investment I Fatty Acids I Aldehydes)
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 3280-3283, April 1996 Ecology Chemical egg defense in a green lacewing ( Ceraeochrysa smithi)* (N europtera I Chrysopidae I parental investment I fatty acids I aldehydes) THOMAS EISNERH, ATHULA B. ATTYGALLE§, WILLIAM E. CoNNER~, MARIA EISNERt, ELLIS MAcLEoDII, AND JERROLD MEINWALD§ tsection of Neurobiology and Behavior and §Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; ~Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109; and IIDepartment of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Contributed by Thomas Eisner, December 21, 1995 ABSTRACT The green lacewing Ceraeochrysa smithi C. smithi. We found this chrysopid to lay its eggs in clusters, (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), like other members of its family, in a characteristic spiral arrangement, with the egg stalks tilted lays its eggs on stalks, but it is unusual in that it coats these slightly toward the spiral center (Fig. 1 A and B). The number stalks with droplets of an oily fluid. The liquid consists of a of fluid droplets per stalk was in the range of 3-6 (Fig. 1 C and mixture of fatty acids, an ester, and a series of straight-chain D), with some variation depending on droplet size. We have, aldehydes. Relative to the eggs of a congeneric chrysopid that over the years, located a number of such clusters in the field lacks stalk fluid, the eggs of C. smithi proved well protected on various substrates, including fronds of palmetto (Serenoa against ants. Components of the fluid, in an assay with a repens, Saba! palmetto) and leaves of an introduced creeping fig cockroach, proved potently irritant.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : Larvae of Ceraeochrysa from Mexico
    Systematics of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) : Larvae of Ceraeochrysa from Mexico CATHERINE A. TAUBER' AND TERESA DE LEON Department of Entomology, Cornstock Hall, Corriell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-0901 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 94(2): 197-209 (2001) ABSTRACT Currently, 16 species in the green lacewing genus Ceraeochqsa are known from Mexico. Many of these species occur in agricultural situations, and their trash-carrying larvae are attractive candidates for mass-rearing and use in biological control. To facilitate the use of Ceraeo- chqscr in biological control and to contribute to a better understanding of the phylogenetics of the group, emphasis is placed on systematics. Previously, we described the larvae of seven of the 16 species; here we describe the larvae of five more and provide keys for identifying the larvae of all known Mexican species. We also summarize the little information that is available on the biology of each species. RESUMEN Actualmente, dieciseis especies de cris6pidos del g6nero Cerneochnjsa se conocen de MBxico. Muchas de Cstas se encuentran bajo diferentes condiciones agncolas; sus larvas carga-basura son candidates atractivos para la cria masiva y utilizacidn en programas de control biol6gico. Para facilitar el uso prictico de Cei-neochrysn, y contribuir a un nlejor entendinliento de las relaciones 6logen6ticas del grupo, nosotros enfatizamos el desarrollo de la sistemiitica del g6nero. Previamente describimos siete larvas de las dieciseis especies; en el presente documento describimos cinco m5s y proporcionamos claves para identificar todos 10s instares de las especies Mexicanas conocidas. Tambier1 resumimos la escasa informaci6n que existe acerca de la biologia de cada especie.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera.Pdf
    9 April, 2002 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 104(2), 2002, pp. 437-446 CONSTRUCTION OF A DEFENSIVE TRASH PACKET FROM SYCAMORE LEAF TRICHOMES BY A CHRYSOPID LARVA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) Thomas Eisner, James E. Carrel, Eileen Van Tassel, E. Richard Hoebeke, and Maria Eisner (TE, ME) Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]; mle3@ cornell.edu); (JEC) Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (EVT) Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (ERH) Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The behavior of a chrysopid larva from Arizona is described, identified as Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis ( Fitch), which constructs its trash packet from the trichomes of sycamore leaves ( Platanus wrightii S. Watson). The trichomes are particularly dense on the underside of the leaves. To fashion the packet, the larva uses trichomes stuck loosely to the leaf, and others that it plucks from the leaf surface. The packet on the mature larva weighs on average 2.2 mg, an equivalent of approximately two leaf undersides worth of trichomes. Evidence is presented indicating that the packet provides the larva with protection against predation. It is argued that the trichomes are defensive in the sycamore tree itself, and that the chrysopid provides yet another example of an insect that benefits from utilization of a plant defense. Interestingly, the chrysopid benefits the sycamore tree itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrophoretic Studies in the Genus Chrysopa (S
    Progress in World's Neuropterology. Gepp J-, H. Aspöck & H. Hölzel ed., 265 pp~, 1984, Graz. Electrophoretic Studies in the Genus Chrysopa (s. 1.), Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Inferences By L. BULLINI (Rome), M. M. PRINCIPI (Bologna) and R. CIANCIO (Rome) The taxonomy at the genus level of the subfamily Chrysopinae, and particularly of the old genus Chrysopa LEACH, represents till now an open problem. Different attempts of classification were made by several authors. TJEDER (1966,1972) splitted the genus Chrysopa (s. 1.) in various genera and subdivided the genus Chrysopa (s. str.) in a number of subgenera, on the basis of differences in male genital urites and external genital organs. This subdivision appears supported by studies on abdomen morphology of imagoes and on larval morphology, ethology and development, carried out by PRINCIPI (1977). HÖLZEL (1970) considered in the genus Chrysopa (s. str.) only the species with distinct 8° and 9° urosternites, including in other genera the species presenting them fused. The genus Anisochrysa sensu HÖLZEL (1970) comprehended two remarkably differentiated groups of species: the subgenera Chrysoperla and Anisochrysa, differing for genitalia and lar- val morphology, development and ethology, as pointed out by PRINCIPI (1956, 1977) and SÉMÉRIA (1977). The latter author proposed on such bases to consider Chrysoperla as a distinct genus. Finally, Chrysopa (s. str.), Chrysoperla and Anisochrysa were considered as distinct genera by ASPÖCK et al. (1980) in their recent revision on European Neuroptera. The problem of the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Chrysopa (sensu latu) was approached by us with multilocus electrophoretic techniques. Their use in taxonomy and the evidence they provide for phylogenetic interpretation were pointed out in a number of recent papers (see for instance AVISE, 1975; BULLINI and SBORDONI, 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Resources Used by Chrysoperla Agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Azores, Portugal
    NOTE Eur. J. Entomol. 111(1): 143–146, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.015 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Pollen resources used by Chrysoperla agilis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Azores, Portugal LEILA NUNES MORGADO, ROBERTO RESENDES, MÓNICA MOURA and MARIA A. MATEUS VENTURA CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo Açores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal, e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Key words. Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla agilis, beneficial insect, Azores Archipelago, foraging behavior, palynology, trophic resources Abstract. There are approximately 1200 described species of Chrysopidae, many of which are predators of agricultural pests. Spe- cies of Chrysoperla are mass-produced and sold for use as biological control agents of agricultural pests in Europe, Asia, North and South America. Chrysoperla agilis, a member of the “carnea group” of Chrysoperla, has the potential to be biocontrol agent and is native to the Azores, and therefore a local candidate for use in IPM of pests, such as aphids and scale insects. Given that many adult Chrysopidae feed on pollen and honeydew and the biology of Ch. agilis is not well understood, we studied the preferences of Ch. agilis adults living in a greenhouse on the campus of the University of the Azores for feeding on different types of pollen. Twenty-six species of flowering plants, belonging to 16 families and 24 genera, all previously recorded on São Miguel Island, were found in the greenhouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(2), pp. 69–85, May 22, 2018 Kuwayamachrysa, a New Genus of Lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features Shigehiko Tsukaguchi1 and Toshihiro Tago2 1 10–10–203 Kanbara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662–0021, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 1–29–13–101 Motogou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0011, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 March 2018; accepted 28 March 2018) Abstract The authors describe Kuwayamachrysa gen. nov. from northeastern Asia–Japan, Korea and Russian Far East. This new genus is characterized by a number of extraordinary features in the male and female genitalia, and also in the pattern of larval setation. In the male genitalia, there is a uniquely asymmetrical and intersecting gonapsis; in the female genitalia, a bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link are present; and in the first instar, secondary setae occur on both thoracic and abdominal segments. The type species of the monotypic genus is Chrysopa kichijoi Kuwayama, 1936. It is redescribed with emphasis on the adult abdominal hypodermal coloration, female terminalia, and larval morphology (first and third instars), all of which were previously unknown. Several features of the new genus are compared with those of other genera: (i) the mor- phology of the gonapsis in relation to the dorsal membrane of the 9th sternite (ii) the morphology of newly described features (bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link), and (iii) the first and third instar patterns of setation. Key words: Chrysopini, genitalia, Japan, kichijoi, Korea, Kuwayamachrysa, larval setation, new combination, new genus, Russian Far East.
    [Show full text]