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Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera)

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Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY / SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000412013 Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associated to trellised tomato crops in two cities of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil Espécies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associadas à cultura do tomateiro estaqueado em dois municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Alexandre Pinho de Moura1*, Jorge Anderson Guimarães1, Renildo Ismael Félix da Costa2, Paulo Sérgio Torres Brioso3 ABSTRACT: This research aimed to investigate the diversity of RESUMO: Objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, conhecer a species of lacewings (Chrysopidae) associated to trellised tomato diversidade de espécies de crisopídeos (Chrysopidae) em cultivos crops in the counties of Cambuci and Seropédica, in Rio de Janeiro de tomateiro estaqueado localizados nos municípios de Cambuci State, Brazil. Eggs and adults of chrysopids were collected, manually e Seropédica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ovos de crisopídeos foram and by oral suction device, respectively, in Cambuci (commercial coletados manualmente, e os adultos do predador, com o uso de farming) and Seropédica (experimental farming). Four species were aspirador bucal em lavoura comercial, em Cambuci, e em lavoura obtained: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., experimental, em Seropédica. Em Seropédica foram obtidas quatro Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) and Chrysopodes sp1. espécies de crisopídeos: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), in the experimental farming in Seropédica, while in the commercial Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) farming in Cambuci only two species were found: Chrysoperla externa e Chrysopodes sp1. e em Cambuci, duas espécies: Chrysoperla (Hagen, 1861) and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). externa (Hagen, 1861) e Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861). KEYWORDS: biological control; diversity; green lacewings; PALAVRAS-CHAVE: controle biológico; crisopídeos, diversidade; predators; Solanum lycopersicum. predadores; Solanum lycopersicum. 1Laboratório de Entomologia; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) – Brasília (DF), Brazil. 2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG) – Januária (MG), Brazil. 3Departamento de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) – Seropédica (RJ), Brazil. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received on: 05/21/2013. Accepted on: 10/14/2014 Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo, v.82 p. 1-4, 2015 1 A.P. Moura et al. Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) is a family of entomophagous 43º 42’ 19” W; 36 m high) on May 20, 2009, in the Rio insects with a great diversity of species, which are dis- de Janeiro State, Brazil. For each day, the insects were col- tributed worldwide, being found everywhere except in lected for one hour. Antarctica (Brooks; Barnard, 1990; Albuquerque et al., In Cambuci, the lacewings were collected in commer- 2001). In Nearctic and Neotropical ecozones the chry- cial trellised tomato crops grown with ‘Paron’ hybrid, con- sopids occur from Canada until the south end of South taining around 5,000 plants. Moreover, in Seropédica the America (Albuquerque et al., 1994; Tauber et al., 2000). insects were collected in an experimental trellised tomato Chrysopids are present in both natural ecosystems and in crop grown with ‘Karina’ hybrid, located in the campus human modified (anthropic) environments, thus evidencing of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), a remarkable ecological plasticity (Carvalho; Souza, 2009). containing about 550 plants. Taxonomically, Chrysopidae is divided into three sub- Eggs and adults of lacewings were collected, manually families: Apochrysinae, Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae. and by using an insect vacuum collecting chamber (glass Chrysopinae, the largest subfamily, encompasses over 97% vial aspirator), respectively, placed into glass tubes (8.5 cm of the known chrysopid species, comprising four tribes, out high x 2.5 cm in diameter), which were closed with PVC of which Chrysopini is considered the most relevant group, film, individually identified and transported to the Official including all chrysopids of economic and applied importance Laboratory of Phytosanitary Diagnostics (UFRRJ). From (New, 2001). According to Brooks; Barnard (1990), there Cambuci, four eggs and five adults were collected, whereas are 927 described species in the subfamily Chrysopinae, out from Seropédica five eggs and two adults were collected. of which 91 species belong to the tribe Ankylopterygini; 116, In the laboratory, the eggs were individualized to the tribe Belonopterygini; 175, to the tribe Leucochrysini; into new glass tubes and kept under controlled condi- and 545, to the tribe Chrysopini. tions at 25 ± 2ºC, RH of 70 ± 10%, with 12 hours of Chrysopids, commonly known as green lacewings, are photophase, until the larvae hatched. Afterwards, the considered to be voracious predators of small arthropods larvae were fed ad libitum with eggs of the factitious (Senior; McEwen, 2001). They are important natural prey Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: enemies of crop pests, such as aphids, thrips, mealybugs, Pyralidae) until the late third-instar stage, when they leafhopper, whiteflies, psyllids, eggs and larvae of coleopte- reached the pupae stage, being kept into the tubes until rous and dipteran, eggs and neonate lepidopterous larvae, the emergence of adults. besides mites and several very small arthropods, which pre- Both field-collected adults and adults originated from sent soft integument (Canard; Principi, 1984; Carvalho; field-collected eggs were placed into glass tubes (8.5 cm Souza, 2009). high x 2.5 cm diameter), which were closed with PVC film, Lacewings occur naturally in several crops of economic individually identified and sent to a specialist for accurate importance, including vegetables (Tauber et al., 2000; Penny, identification. 2002). In tomato crops, lacewings feed on a wide diversity In the trellised tomato crops located in Cambuci and of pests, such as the sweet potato whiteflyBemisia tabaci Seropédica counties, in the Rio de Janeiro State, speci- (Gennadius, 1889) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), mens belonging to three different genus of Chrysopini the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) and (Ceraeochrysa – Adams, 1982; Chrysoperla – Steinmann, the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) 1964 and Chrysopodes – Navás, 1913) were obtained. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), eggs and larvae of the tomato fruit- From Seropédica, four species were obtained: Ceraeochrysa worm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), cincta (Schneider, 1851) (one specimen), Ceraeochrysa and eggs of the South American tomato leafminer Tuta abso- sp1. (one specimen), Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; luta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), playing an Penny, 2001)(one specimen) and Chrysopodes sp1. (one important role in the regulation of phytophagous pest popu- specimen), and from Cambuci, two species were collec- lations in several countries (Szentkirályi, 2001), including ted: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (five specimens) Brazil (Oliveira et al., 2003). and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861) (two specimens). Despite its importance as biological control agents in Records of Chrysopodes elongatus, Chrysoperla externa vegetables crops, little information is available about the and Ceraeochrysa cubana in Brazil were recently published diversity of lacewings species associated to those crops in by Ribeiro et al. (2009) in mango orchards located in the some regions of Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed at kno- semiarid area of the Southwestern Bahia State. wing the species of lacewings occurring in trellised tomato There are reports in literature showing that the genus crops in two cities of the Rio de Janeiro State. Ceraeochrysa, among the Chrysopini, is characterized as Lacewings were collected in tomato crops located in the largest one, as well as the dominant in the New World, Cambuci (21° 34’ 22” S and 41° 54’ 35” W; 104 m high) regarding both the number of species and the number of on May 8, 2009, and in Seropédica (22º 44’ 29” S and individuals, being the second largest genus of Chrysopidae, 2 Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo, v.82 p. 1-4, 2015 Species of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) associated to trellised tomato crops in two cities of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil after the Leucochrysa McLachlan, 1868 (Adams, 1982; Ceraeochrysa are the most studied ones (Albuquerque Brooks; Barnard, 1990). Most Ceraeochrysa species occur et al., 2001). in tropical regions, being frequently found in agricultu- It is believed that the small number of collected insects ral systems, including vegetables, cereals, orchards, forests in both visited cities (Cambuci and Seropédica) is due to the etc., where Ceraeochrysa larvae feed on a great diversity of management that is adopted to control pests and diseases arthropod-pest species (Tauber et al., 2000; Freitas et al., in tomato crops, which is subjected to a large number of 2009), and are considered an important group of biological pesticide sprayings. However, the larger number of species control agents (Albuquerque et al., 2001). found in Seropédica may be associated to the proximity of Chrysoperla is also globally distributed, and in Brazil this crop area with native vegetation. there are four species: Chrysoperla defreitasi (Brooks, 1994), In conclusion, the species Chrysoperla externa, Chrysoperla
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