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Notopontonia Platycheles, New Genus, New Species

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Notopontonia Platycheles, New Genus, New Species JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 11(4): 607-628, 1991 NOTOPONTONIA PLATYCHELES, NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES (DECAPODA: PONTONIINAE) FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA, WITH REMARKS ON PONTONIA PINNOPHYLAX (OTTO), THE TYPE SPECIES OF PONTONIA LATRETTIJ, A. J. Bruce ABSTRACT Notopontoniaplatycheles new genus, new species (Decapoda:Pontoniinae), is describedand illustrated.Caught off Robe, South Australia,at a depth of 64 m, and of unknowncommensal associations,this species increasesto five the numberof pontoniineshrimps known from South Australia.Assessment of the systematicrelationships of Notopontoniainvolved study of Pon- tonia pinnophylax(Otto, 1821), the type species of the genus Pontonia, which is redescribed and illustrated,leading to the discovery of an interestingmorphological feature of the feeding mechanismnot previouslyreported in any palaemonidshrimps. The casual examination of the alpheid Carapacelength refers to the postorbital shrimp collection of the South Australian carapacelength. Museum, Adelaide, led to the discovery of an unusual shrimp belonging to the Pon- SYSTEMATICACCOUNT toniinae, a subfamily very poorly repre- sented in southern Australian waters. Fur- Notopontonia,new genus ther search unfortunatelyfailed to provide Definition.-Commensal shrimps of un- additional specimens. Although closely re- known association. Carapace strongly de- lated to the genus Pontonia Latreille, 1829, pressed, smooth, with short broad trian- the new species presents several small but gular rostrum, dorsally concave, lacking distinctive features, sufficient to justify its dorsal and ventral carinae, unarmed, dis- exclusion from that genus. A new genus is, tally setose; supraorbital,epigastric, hepat- therefore,described for its reception. ic, and antennal spines absent, orbit obso- Comparison with specimens of the type lete, inferior orbital angle large, blunt, species of the genus, Pontonia pinnophylax anterolateralangle of branchiostegite pro- (Otto) (Opinion 378, 1956) confirmed the duced, angular; abdomen smooth, pleura presenceof several distinctive charactersof rounded;telson broad, with 2 pairs of large generic value, including a remarkablepar- dorsal spines, 2 pairs of small posterior agnathalfeature that has not been described spines;antennule with short stylocerite,up- in any previously reported pontoniine or, per flagellumfeebly biramous;antenna with indeed, palaemonid shrimp. This unusual basicerite unarmed, scaphocerite well de- feature is clearly lacking in the new genus. veloped, distolateral tooth enlarged, epi- The type species of the genus Pontonia La- stome normal, paragnathwithout proximal treille was first described by Otto (1821) as median fissure; mandible normal, without Palaemonpinnophylax, in an academicthe- palp; maxillula with biolobed palp, upper sis. Subsequently, an account as Alpheus lacinia broad, lower lacinia slender;maxilla pinnophylax,with colored illustrations,was with short simple palp, basal endite bilobed, provided (Otto, 1828). The shrimps pres- upper lobe greatly enlarged, dorsally con- ently included in the genus Pontonia show cave, coxal endite obsolete, scaphognathite a wide range of variation in many specific normal; first maxilliped with slender palp, characters,which probablyindicate a poly- basal and coxal endites fused, elongate,dor- phyletic origin for that genus. sally concave, medial fringe of short setae, A new description of P. pinnophylax is, exopod well developed, carideanlobe large, therefore,provided, which may be useful as narrow,epipod bilobed; second maxilliped a yardstickagainst which the systematic re- with dactylar segment reduced, propodal lationships of the other species of Pontonia segmentenlarged, dorsally concave, exopod may be assessed. well developed, epipod large, triangular, 607 608 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 11, NO. 4, 1991 without podobranch; third maxilliped with antennal spine. These species usually have ischiomerus and basis completely fused, simply biunguiculate ambulatory dactyls, as broad, exopod well developed, lateral plate in Notopontonia. Other species, with ob- normal, arthrobranch rudimentary; first solete orbits, lacking antennal spines, gen- pereiopods slender, chela with fingers elon- erally have complex biunguiculate dactyls, gate, subspatulate; fourth thoracic sterite and are usually associated with ascidians. without fingerlike median process; second (4) The maxilla has a characteristic basal pereiopods with large similar subequal che- endite, bilobed, with the upper lobe greatly lae, strongly compressed, carried horizon- enlarged and dorsally concave. In Pontonia tally with dactyl laterally, ventral margin these lobes are generally subequal, small, strongly carinate, dorsal margin feebly car- frequently much reduced. The fused endites inate, fingers without molar process and fos- of the first maxilliped in Notopontonia are sa, feebly dentate, proximal segments un- centrally expanded, with a medial fringe of armed; ambulatory pereiopods with dactyl short setae, and the epipod is bilobed. The simply biunguiculate, propod with disto- second maxilliped has the dactylar segment ventral spines; endopod of first pleopod reduced and the propodal segment enlarged curved distomedially, endopod of second in comparison with species of Pontonia. pleopod with appendix masculina exceed- (5) The paragnath in Notopontonia is sim- ing appendix interna; uropod with protopod ply bilobed, without distinct accessory lobes distolaterally unarmed; exopod with small and proximal median fissure, as in P. pin- distolateral tooth, with larger mobile spine nophylax. medially. (6) The first pereiopods have elongate spatulate fingers in Notopontonia, whereas Type Species. -Notopontonia platycheles, in P. pinnophylax they are compressed, new species. nonspatulate. Systematic Position. -The genus Notopon- (7) The posterior margin of the telson is tonia is undoubtedly closely related to Pon- provided with two pairs of spines only in tonia Latreille. Notopontonia may be most Notopontonia, whereas species of Pontonia readily distinguished from Pontonia by the are usually provided with the typical pon- following features: toniine complement of three pairs. The ex- (1) The chelae of the second pereiopods opod of the uropod in Notopontonia bears are very strongly compressed and carried in a small distolateral tooth, as in most of the a horizontal plane, with the dactyl laterally, Pontoniinae, but which is usually absent with very strongly carinate ventral margins from species of Pontonia. and a feebly carinate lateral margin to the (8) Where information is available, the dorsal palm, with feebly armed fingers, appendix intera of the male second pleo- crossing only at the tips. In Pontonia, the pod distinctly exceeds the appendix mas- chelae generally have the palm oval in sec- culina in species of Pontonia. In Notopon- tion, although some may have a small ven- tonia, the appendix masculina exceeds the tral carina, particularly in species with dis- appendix intera. similar chelae, the chelae generally being Etymology.--From notos, Greek, south, and held in an oblique or near vertical plane, Pontonia, a generic name first used for a with the dactyl ventral, in an extended or pontoniine shrimp by Latreille (1829). semiextended rather than a retracted posi- tion. Notopontonia platycheles, (2) The rostrum is broad, dorsally con- new species 14E cave, completely lacking dorsal and ventral Figs. 1-6, carinae. In Pontonia, the rostrum is vari- Material Examined.-1 $, northwestof Robe, South able, frequently compressed and often mi- Australia,approximately 36?53'S, 139?53'E,in 64 m, nutely dentate distally, never dorsally con- September1985, collected by Sangster. cave. Description. -Medium-sized, robust pon- (3) The orbit is obsolete, with the anten- toniine shrimp, of strongly depressed body nal spine lacking. Many species of Pontonia form. Carapace smooth, glabrous, strongly have a small distinct orbit, with a definite depressed, rostrum well developed, broadly inferior orbital angle and well-developed triangular, about 1.5 times broader than BRUCE: NEW PONTONIINE COMMENSAL SHRIMP FROM AUSTRALIA 609 Fig. 1. Notopontonia platycheles, new genus, new species, holotype male, off Robe, South Australia, lateral. Scale divisions = 3 mm. long, slightly exceeding intermediate seg- 0.5 of anterior margin width, with 2 pairs ment of antennular peduncle, unarmed, of lateral spines only, small outer spine, with without distinct dorsal or ventral carinae, largerblunt spine medially, 1.75 times length strongly compressed dorsoventrally, slight- of lateral spine, 2.8 times longer than basal ly thickened centrally, dorsally concave, lat- width, central posterior margin with about eral margins convex, with pair of conspic- 30 long simple setae, 2 long plumose setae. uous setae distoventrally; supraorbital, Antennule with proximal peduncular seg- epigastric, hepatic, and antennal spines ab- ment broad, about 1.25 times longer than sent; orbital notch well developed, without proximal width, distolateral angle strongly defined orbit, inferior orbital angle large, produced, broadly acute, stylocerite short, slightly upturned, blunt; anterolateral angle broad, moderately acute, reaching to about of carapace strongly produced, acute; ven- 0.5 of segment length, statocyst normal with tral branchiostegite feebly angulate ventro- granular statolith; ventromedial margin with medially. small acute tooth at 0.5 of length; inter- Abdomen smooth, glabrous, subcylindri- mediate segment short, broad, about 1.2
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