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European Researcher. 2010 Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2020, 5(1) Slavery: Theory and Practice Has been issued since 2016. E-ISSN 2500-3755 2020. 5(1). Issued once a year EDITORIAL BOARD Dudarev Sergey – Armavir State Pedagogical University, Armavir, Russian Federation (Editor in Chief) Molchanova Violetta – International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Washington, USA (Deputy Editor- in-Chief) Biriukov Pavel – Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation Kazarov Sarkis – Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation Klychnikov Yuri – Pyatigorsk State University, Pyatigorsk, Russian Federation Rekhovskii Aleksandr – Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation Sarychev Gennadii – Moscow Department of the Russian Ministry of Interior, Moscow, Russian Federation Smigel Michal – Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia Tsetskhladze Gocha – Oxford University, Oxford, UK Zakharov Vladimir – Institute of Political and Social Research of the Black Sea-Caspian Region, Moscow, Russian Federation Journal is indexed by: CrossRef, OAJI Slavery: Theory and Practice All manuscripts are peer reviewed by experts in the respective field. Authors of the manuscripts bear responsibility for their content, credibility and reliability. Editorial board doesn’t expect the manuscripts’ authors to always agree with its opinion. 2020 Postal Address: 1367/4, Stara Vajnorska str., Release date 16.12.20 Bratislava, Slovakia, Nove Mesto, 831 04 Website: http://ejournal43.com/ Headset Georgia. E-mail: [email protected] Is. 1 Founder and Editor: Academic Publishing Order № 5. House Researcher s.r.o. №201 А © Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2020 0 1 1 Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2020, 5(1) C O N T E N T S On the Results of the First International Competition for the Best Research Work among Scientific and Pedagogical Staff “Slavery in the Past and Present” A.A. Cherkasov ................................................................................................................. 3 Articles North Caucasian "Hotbed" of the Slave Trade (Trade of Captives): to the Problem Statement Yu.Yu. Klychnikov ............................................................................................................ 4 Metamorphoses of the Circassian Slave Trade (13th–19th centuries): Aspects of Women as the "Live Goods" M. Šmigeľ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 Оn the Position of Aul Аrmavir Residents Personal Dependent People at in the Period before Elimination of the Serfdom Law in Russia S.L. Dudarev, S.N. Ktitorov .............................................................................................. 37 Perception of "White Slavery" by Don Pre-Revolutionary Authors: Mechanisms of Criticism and Self-Justification A.Yu. Peretyatko ............................................................................................................... 50 Eastern European Slavery: An analysis of the Health and Productivity of Serf-Based Economy between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries J.O. Sarfo .......................................................................................................................... 63 The Fight against the Slave Trade in the North-Western Caucasus in the first half of the XIX century K.V. Taran ......................................................................................................................... 74 Serfdom in Eastern Europe between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth centuries: The Role of the Psychology of Slavery J. Cudjoe ........................................................................................................................... 87 In Memory of Elena Ivanovna Inozemсeva. 18.08.1947 – 01.07.2020 Yu.M. Lysenko …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 96 2 Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2020, 5(1) Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Published in the Slovak Republic Slavery: Theory and Practice Has been issued since 2016. E-ISSN: 2500-3755 2020, 5(1): 3 DOI: 10.13187/slave.2020.1.3 www.ejournal43.com On the Results of the First International Competition for the Best Research Work among Scientific and Pedagogical Staff “Slavery in the Past and Present” Aleksandr A. Cherkasov a , b , * a International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Washington, USA b Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russian Federation Abstract The report describes the establishment of the First International competition for the best research work among scientific and pedagogical staff “Slavery in the past and present”. The organizers were East European Historical Society, International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research (Washington, USA), and also KAD International (Effiduase- Koforidua, Eastern Region, Ghana). On December 20, 2020, the competition committee summed up the results of the competition and called the best 5 competitive works from the following countries: USA, Russia, Slovakia, Ghana. Keywords: international competition, “Slavery in the past and present”, 2020 year. On July 10, 2020, it was established the First (annual) International competition for the best research work among scientific and pedagogical staff “Slavery in the past and present”. The organizers were East European Historical Society, International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research (Washington, USA), and also KAD International (Effiduase- Koforidua, Eastern Region, Ghana). The total prize fund of the First Competition is 2,250 USD. On December 20, 2020, the competition committee summed up the results of the competition. Thus, according to the Protocol, the competition received works from the following countries: Russian Federation, USA, Ghana, Ukraine, Slovakia. The competition scoring committee decided not to single out the three best works, but to distribute the prize fund in equal shares ($ 450 each) between the five best works. The following works were selected among the best: - Peretyatko A.Yu. Perception of "white slavery" by Don pre-revolutionary authors: mechanisms of criticism and self-justification; - Dudarev S.L., Ktitorov S.N. Оn the position of aul Аrmavir residents personal dependent people at in the period before elimination of the serfdom law in Russia; - Klychnikov Yu.Yu. North Caucasian "hotbed" of the slave trade (trade of captives): to the problem statement; - Šmigeľ M. Metamorphoses of the Circassian slave trade (13th–19th centuries): Aspects of women as the "live goods"; - Jacob Owusu Sarfo. Eastern European slavery: An analysis of the health and productivity of serf-based economy between the 16th and 19th centuries. * Corresponding author E-mail addresses: [email protected] (A.A. Cherkasov) 3 Slavery: Theory and Practice, 2020, 5(1) Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Published in the Slovak Republic Slavery: Theory and Practice Has been issued since 2016. E-ISSN: 2500-3755 2020, 5(1): 4-18 DOI: 10.13187/slave.2020.1.4 www.ejournal43.com Articles North Caucasian "Hotbed" of the Slave Trade (Trade of Captives): to the Problem Statement Yuri Yu. Klychnikov a , * a Pyatigorsk State University, Russian Federation Abstract The article reveals the specifics of the slave trade in the conditions of the North Caucasus. The circumstances of the origin of this phenomenon, the factors that influenced its features and scale are shown. It is concluded that the need for slave labor among local societies was small, and they preferred to sell slaves outside the region. This was one of the compensating factors with the help of which the lack of their own means of subsistence was partially satisfied. t is suggested that there is a "Malthusian trap" influencing the specifics of the economic, political, social and cultural situation in the region. This practice existed throughout the periods of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The presence of strong demand stimulated the capture of slaves, who were later sent to the Asian and Western European markets. The Caucasus became part of the "slave transit", and large regional centers for the sale of people arose here. Raids aimed at seizing "human goods" became part of the institution of socialization of youth. They played an important role in the process of allocating the nobility from local communities. With the advent of the Russian authorities in the Caucasus, they begin to actively fight the slave trade. For this, both completely peaceful methods (for example, ransom) and harsh military measures were used. The peak of confrontation falls on the first half of the 19th century, after which the scope of this fishery is significantly reduced. This was explained not only by the success of weapons, but also by positive changes in the economic structure of the autochthonous peoples. However, the weakening and disintegration of Russian statehood is leading to a revival of the slave trade. This return to archaism took place at the beginning of the 20th century, when the country experienced a series of revolutions and the Civil War. At the end of the last century, the collapse of the USSR was accompanied by a paralysis of power, an increase in xenophobia, and economic collapse. The influence of unfavorable foreign policy factors also affected. All this again actualized the problem of slavery, the relapses of which could not be eradicated even today. Keywords: slaves, prisoners, raid, goods, market, hostages, the North Caucasus, socialization, "Malthusian trap", institute. 1. Введение Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена той ролью, которую
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