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Hydnangiaceae 18-11-2020 Hydnangiaceae 18-11-2020 Patrick Van Brussel waarnemingen.be Jean Werts & Joke De Sutter Familie Hydnangiaceae • Alfabetische index • Hydnangiaceae genera alfabetisch • Bibliografie Hydnangiaceae genera alfabetisch • Hydnangium • Laccaria Genus Hydnangium - Mozaiektruffel • In België in serres, volgens de literatuur enkel bij Eucalyptus. Hydnangium carneum Vleeskleurige Mozaïektruffel Genus Laccaria • Vruchtlichamen collybioïd tot omphalioïd, klein tot mediumgroot, hygrofaan, met roodbruine tot violette tinten; lamellen nogal dik, gematigd ver uiteen; sporenfiguur wit tot bleekviolet. • Sporen: rond tot cilindrisch, met stekels of wrattig, dikwandig, niet amyloïd, niet dextrinoïd, niet Congofiel noch metachromatisch in cresyl blue; basidiën 4 of 2- sporig; cheilocystiden present en filiform of afwezig; pleurocystiden afwezig; hoedhuid een (arm) ontwikkelde cutis; gespen aanwezig. • Laccaria foto’s & hyperlinken • Laccaria macroscopische sleutel Hans Vermeulen Laccaria macroscopische sleutel Hans Vermeulen • Symbionten met bomen en struiken in bos en heide. Plaatjes dik, breed aangehecht tot iets aflopend, bij rijpheid wit bestoven. Vruchtlichaam hygrofaan, bij vocht lila, violet, rozebruin, oranjebruin, later bijna onherkenbaar beige tot okerkleurig verblekend. Sporenpoeder wit. Sporen met grote stekels bezet of dikwandig. • 1a: hoed en steel bij vocht rozebruin, oranjebruin, roodbruin, plaatjes roze of lila. 2a 1b • 1b (1a): hoed, steel en plaatjes bij vocht dieppaars tot violet; tussen bladeren en naalden in bossen op zandgrond, vooral onder Beuk. Laccaria amethystina Amethystzwam • 2a (1a): hoed en steel bij vocht rozebruin tot oranjebruin. 3a 2b • 2b (2a): hoed en steel bij vocht donkerroodbruin, purperbruin. Bij Els of Berk op moerassige bodem. Laccaria purpureobadia Purperbruine fopzwam • 3a (2a): hoed hooguit 40 mm; plaatjes bij vocht vleeskleurig roze. 4a 3b • 3b (3a): hoed tot 80 mm, zemelig; plaatjes meestal bleekroze; steel vaak tot 100 mm; in bossen op zandgrond of onder bomen in heidevelden. Laccaria proxima Schubbige fopzwam • 4a (3a): hoed tot 40 mm, met gave rand. 5a 4b • 4b (4a): hoed hooguit 15 mm met gekroesd golvende rand; op modderige aarde langs bospaden, in greppels. Laccaria tortilis Gekroesde fopzwam • 5a (4a): steelbasis met lila myceliumvilt; plaatjes jong lila; op voedselarme zandgrond bij Den, Eik en Berk. Laccaria bicolor Tweekleurige fopzwam 5b • 5b (5a): steelbasis met wit myceliumvilt; plaatjes roze; in loof- en naaldbos op alle bodemsoorten, ook tussen gras in bossen. Laccaria laccata var. pallidigolia Gewone fopzwam De vruchtlichamen van de Gewone fopzwam in Vlaanderen behoren tot de variatie pallidifolia, gekenmerkt door ronde sporen. L. laccata var. laccata bezit korte elliptische sporen in komt in Scandinavië voor. De Steenrode fopzwam (L. fraterna) heeft sporen van 8 – 10 ųm met stekeltjes tot 1 ųm hoog, terwijl de Kleine fopzwam (L. pumila) sporen van 8 – 13 ųm vormt met kleinere stekeltjes van 0,3 – 0,7 ųm hoog. Hydnangium carneum Wallr. Vleeskleurig mozaïektruffel Laccaria amethystina (Huds) Cooke Amethistzwam Joke De Sutter Uitlegger Brasschaat 2019/10 Laccaria amethystina (Huds) Cooke Amethistzwam • Hoed: 10 – 45 mm, jong halfbol met ingerolde rand, uitspreidend tot convex, planoconvex of meer zelden concaaf, met ondiepe tot diepe centrale depressie, nooit met bult, hygrofaan, doorschijnend gestreept tot halfweg de radius, jong bij vocht alethystkleurig, als ouder bleekamethyst, in zeer natte condities vuilbruinigviolet, bij drogen uitblekend tot bleekpurperokergeel, droog radiaal aangedrukt vezelig tot subschubbig. • Lamellen: L = (12-) 15 – 18, l = (0-)1 – 8, nogal ver uiteen, als jong iets aflopend, oud aangehecht, aflopend met tand, buikig, tot 9 mm breed, als jong amethyst, later bleekamethyst of rozeamethyst, wit pruïneus als ouder, met gave of vlokkige (lens) gelijk gekleurde rand. • Steel: (20-) 30 – 95 (-125) mm, cilindrisch of verbreed en samengedrukt naar de top, met subknollige basis, solide tot fistuloos, bij vocht amethyst of violet, in zeer vochtige condities vuilbruinigviolet, bij drogen verblekend, met dezelfde kleur als de hoed, in de lengte vezelig gestreept, aan de top donzig, met bleekamethystkleurig dons aan de basis. Laccaria amethystina Amethistzwam • Vlees: in de hoed dun, hygrofaan, met dezelfde kleur als de oppervlakte; in de steel hygrofaan en met dezelfde kleur als de oppervlakte. • Geur: onbeduidend, fungoïd, zoetig, soms aarde-achtig. • Smaak: mild, fungoïd. • Sporenfiguur: blauwachtig, bleekviolet tot wit. In groepjes in loofbossen, zelden in coniferenbossen. Algemeen op zandige bodems, maar ook op klei. Augustus – november. Laccaria amethystina is een accumulator van arsenicum en bevat hoge hoeveelheden caesium. Laccaria amethystina (Huds) Cooke Amethistzwam Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D.Orton Tweekleurige fopzwam Jerzy Opiola wikimedia commons Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D.Orton Tweekleurige fopzwam • Hoed: 15 – 55 (-70) mm, jong halfbol met ingerolde rand, later uitspreidend tot convex, afgeknot-conisch of +- vlak, met lage bult of ondiepe depressie, tot concaaf, hygrofaan, tot 1/3 van de radius doorschijnend gestreept bij vocht, oud oranjebruin, roodbruin of rozebruin, naar de rand meer roze of lila getint, bij drogen verblekend tot oranjeachtig okergeel, schubbig in het centrum, naar de rand toe aangedrukt vezelig. • Lamellen: L = 17 – 35, l = 1 – 7 (-10), gematigd ver uiteen, aangehecht of aflopend met een tand, tot 5 mm breed, jong boogvormig, later segmentiform tot subbuikig, jong lila-achtig roze, later roze, wit pruïneus als ouder, met effen gelijk gekleurde rand. • Steel: 40 – 85 (-125) x (2-) 3 – 7 mm, cilindrisch, soms wat verbredend naar de basis, solide tot fistuloos, oranje-rozebruin gestreept, bleker naar de basis, compleet purper-roodbruin, tenminste als jong lila-rozebruin aan de top, vezelig gestreept in de lengte, met (soms zonder) violet, amethyst of lila gekleurd basaal dons. • Vlees: met kleur als hoed, aan top en basis meer violetachtig; geur zoetig fungoïd of kruidachtig raapachtig; geur zoet, fungoïd. • Sporenfiguur: wit. • Solitair of in groepjes op zure bodems met coniferen, meer zelden bij loofbomen. Van september – november. Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D.Orton Tweekleurige fopzwam Laccaria fraterna (Cooke&mass.) Pegl. Steenrode fopzwam Michael W. wikimedia commons Laccaria fraterna (Cooke&mass.) Pegl. Steenrode fopzwam • Hoed: (10-) 18 – 39 mm, jong halfbol, uitspreidend tot convex of zelfs concaaf, met ingerolde rand, golvend tot ruw gegroefd, hygrofaan, doorschijnend gestreept tot ½ van de radius, bij vocht roodbruin, purperbruin, als droog baksteenrood of oranjeachtig oker, oppervlak glad bij vocht, bij drogen aangedrukt vezelig tot donzig. • Lamellen: L = 17 – 26, l = 1 – 4 (-7), gematigd ver uiteen, iets aflopend of emarginaat en aflopend met een tand, segmentiform of subbuikig, tot 7 mm breed, jong roze, wit pruïneus met ouderdom, met gave gelijk gekleurde rand. • Steel: 35 – 60 x 2 – 5 mm, cilindrisch, soms wat breder aan de top en de basis, donkerder dan de hoed, vezelig gestreept, met wit basaal dons. • Vlees: in hoed en steel hygrofaan, met dezelfde kleur als de oppervlakte. • Geur: onduidelijk, aardeachtig-raapachtig; smaak aardeachtig of onaangenaam fungoïd. Solitair of in kleine groepjes, in struiken en loofbossen, in Nederland zeer zeldzaam. • Sporenfiguur: wit. September – november. De andere tweesporige soort L. pumilla kan ook donker gekleurd zijn in alpine of arctische condities. De vraag of dit goede soorten zijn of tweesporige vormen van L. laccata blijft open. Laccaria fraterna (Cooke&mass.) Pegl. Steenrode fopzwam Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke Gewone fopzwam Robin Geys waarnemingen.be Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke Gewone fopzwam • Hoed: 5 – 35 (-80) mm, jong halfbol met of zonder ingerolde rand, later uitspreidend tot vlak of planoconvex, met centrale zwakke indeuking, soms met een papil, hygrofaan, doorschijnend gestreept tot 1/3 van de radius, bij vocht bleekrozebruin, oranjebruin, soms zeer bleeklederkleurig of witachtig, of vleeskleurig wijnkleurig, met donkerder centrum en strepen, bij drogen verblekend tot bleekgeel, bleekgeelroze of bleekrozebruin; oppervlak glad bij vocht, zelden met gelijkkleurige schubben, bij drogen radiaal aangedrukt vezelig tot licht schubbig in het centrum. • Lamellen: L = (12-) 15 – 26, l = 1 – 5, nogal ver uiteen, aangehecht, iets emarginaat of aflopend met een tandje, soms bijna vrij, jong boogvormig, later segmentiform of buikig, tot 5 mm breed, bleekvleesroze, later donkerrozebruin en wit pruïneus met sporen, met effen gelijk gekleurde rand. Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke Gewone fopzwam • Steel: (13-) 17 – 55 (-150) x 1,5 – 5 (-12) mm, cilindrisch, soms samengedrukt, soms iets excentrisch, dikwijls met subknollige basis, solide, later fistuloos, met dezelfde kleur als de hoed, aangedrukt hyaline-vezelig, zelden donzig aan de top, met wit dons aan de basis. • Vlees: in de hoed dun, in hoed en steel hygrofaan en gelijk gekleurd of iets bleker als de oppervlakte. • Geur: fungoïd, soms kruidig-fungoïd of raapachtig. • Smaak: mild en fungoïd. • Sporenfiguur: wit. Laccaria laccata (Scop.:Fr.) Cooke Gewone fopzwam • Overvloedig, in bundels, zelden solitair, in loof- en gemengde bossen. Bij ons op zandige, lemige of venige bodems. Zeer algemeen van juli – november. • L. laccata is een zeer variabele soort, macroscopisch in kleur, microscopisch in vorm en ornamentatie van de sporen. • Sleutel tot de variëteiten: • 1a: sporen breed ellips tot ellips, gemiddelde
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