DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi On

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi On EFFECTS OF NATIVE ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON ASPEN SEEDLINGS IN GREENHOUSE STUDIES: INOCULATION METHODS, FERTILIZER REGIMES, AND PLANT UPTAKE OF SELECTED ELEMENTS IN SMELTER-IMPACTED SOILS by Christopher Paul Mahony A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Plant Science Montana State University Bozeman, Montana State University April 2005 © COPYRIGHT by Christopher Paul Mahony 2005 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL Of the thesis submitted by Christopher Paul Mahony This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citations, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the College of Graduate Studies Dr. Cathy L. Cripps Approved for the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Dr. John E. Sherwood Approved For the College of Graduate Studies Dr. Bruce R. McLeod iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I further agree that copying of this thesis is allowed. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Christopher P. Mahony 4/1/2005 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals: Dr. Cathy Cripps – Advisor Dr. Dennis Neuman – Committee member Dr. Richard Stout – Committee member Dr. Cathy Zabinski – Committee member Paul and Regina – Parents Friends near and far Bridger Bowl Trout These individuals provided support, encouragement, and held me steady in the direction of my LIFE. To them, I am forever indebted. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LITERATURE REVIEW ...………………………………...….…………….……...…1 Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Soils ......................................................................................................................3 Chemical ..................................................................................................................5 Physical....................................................................................................................6 Biological.................................................................................................................6 Plants ......................................................................................................................8 Mycorrhizal Fungi .......................................................................................................9 Survival and Fitness...............................................................................................11 Increased Nutrient Uptake .....................................................................................11 Drought Tolerance .................................................................................................12 Protection From Pathogens....................................................................................12 Heavy Metals .........................................................................................................13 Mechanisms ...........................................................................................................13 Objectives .................................................................................................................18 2. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS...............................................................................19 Introduction..................................................................................................................19 Research Goals.............................................................................................................27 Material and Methods ..................................................................................................27 Site Description......................................................................................................27 Collection of Fungi For Use as Potential Inoculum...............................................28 Source of Plant Material ........................................................................................30 Evaluating Sources of Inoculum............................................................................32 Development and Evaluation of Inoculum Types for Potential Use with Aspen .................................................................................33 Liquid Inoculum.....................................................................................................34 Soil Inoculum.........................................................................................................34 Mycelial Plugs and Spore Inoculum......................................................................35 Evaluation of Techniques For Inoculation of Aspen With Mycorrhizal Fungi.........................................................................35 Preliminary Assessment of Mycorrhizal Formation..............................................37 Identification and Confirmation of Mycorrhizal Types on Roots .........................37 Results..........................................................................................................................38 Growth and Survival of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Culture...................................38 Evaluation of Aspen Seed and Rooted Cuttings as Source of Plant Material.........................................................43 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Evaluation of Methods for Inoculating Aspen with Mycorrhizal Fungi................43 Conditions for Mycorrhization ..............................................................................45 Discussion...................................................................................................................45 3. FERTILIZER AND INOCULATION EFFECTS ON ASPEN SEEDLING MYCORRHIZATION AND GROWTH.............................49 Introduction..................................................................................................................49 Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Native Habitats ...............................................................51 Difficulties of Mycorrhizal Studies ..........................................................................58 Research Goals..........................................................................................................59 Material and Methods ...................................................................................................60 Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi..................................................................................60 Inoculation Procedures..............................................................................................61 Fertilizer Treatments.................................................................................................61 Fertilizer Application Rates ......................................................................................62 Water Regime ...........................................................................................................62 Experimental Design.................................................................................................62 Experiment 1: No Fertilizer ..................................................................................62 Experiment 2: Fertilizer/Inoculation Method .......................................................62 Experiment 3: Fertilizer Type...............................................................................64 Seedling Harvesting...............................................................................................64 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................65 Experiment 1..........................................................................................................65 Experiment 2 ........................................................................................................65 Experiment 3 ........................................................................................................66 Results..........................................................................................................................67 Experiment 1: No Fertilizer ..................................................................................67 Percent of Aspen Seedling with Mycorrhizae ....................................................70 Height..................................................................................................................70 Root Collar Diameter..........................................................................................71 Aboveground Biomass........................................................................................71 Belowground Biomass........................................................................................72 Total Biomass .....................................................................................................72
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of the Species of the Genus Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia
    Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 47: 27–36 (2010) Checklist of the species of the genus Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia Kuulo Kalamees Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St. 51005, Tartu, Estonia. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 181 Riia St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: 42 species of genus Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) have been recorded in Estonia. A checklist of these species with ecological, phenological and distribution data is presented. Kokkukvõte: Perekonna Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) liigid Eestis Esitatakse kriitiline nimestik koos ökoloogiliste, fenoloogiliste ja levikuliste andmetega heiniku perekonna (Tricholoma) 42 liigi (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) kohta Eestis. INTRODUCTION The present checklist contains 42 Tricholoma This checklist also provides data on the ecol- species recorded in Estonia. All the species in- ogy, phenology and occurrence of the species cluded (except T. gausapatum) correspond to the in Estonia (see also Kalamees, 1980a, 1980b, species conceptions established by Christensen 1982, 2000, 2001b, Kalamees & Liiv, 2005, and Heilmann-Clausen (2008) and have been 2008). The following data are presented on each proved by relevant exsiccates in the mycothecas taxon: (1) the Latin name with a reference to the TAAM of the Institute of Agricultural and Envi- initial source; (2) most important synonyms; (3) ronmental Sciences of the Estonian University reference to most important and representative of Life Sciences or TU of the Natural History pictures (iconography) in the mycological litera- Museum of the Tartu University. In this paper ture used in identifying Estonian species; (4) T. gausapatum is understand in accordance with data on the ecology, phenology and distribution; Huijsman, 1968 and Bon, 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Funghi Campania
    Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” Dipartimento di Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia vegetale I funghi della Campania Emmanuele Roca, Lello Capano, Fabrizio Marziano Coordinamento editoriale: Michele Bianco, Italo Santangelo Progetto grafico: Maurizio Cinque, Pasquale Ascione Testi: Emmanuele Roca, Lello Capano, Fabrizio Marziano Coordinamento fotografico: Lello Capano Collaborazione: Gennaro Casato Segreteria: Maria Raffaela Rizzo Iniziativa assunta nell’ambito del Progetto CRAA “Azioni integrate per lo sviluppo razionale della funghicol- tura in Campania”; Coordinatore scientifico Prof.ssa Marisa Di Matteo. Foto di copertina: Amanita phalloides (Fr.) Link A Umberto Violante (1937-2001) Micologo della Scuola Partenopea I funghi della Campania Indice Presentazione........................................................................................... pag. 7 Prefazione................................................................................................ pag. 9 1 Campania terra di funghi, cercatori e studiosi....................................... pag. 11 2 Elementi di biologia e morfologia.......................................................... pag. 23 3 Principi di classificazione e tecniche di determinazione....................... pag. 39 4 Elenco delle specie presenti in Campania.............................................. pag. 67 5 Schede descrittive delle principali specie.............................................. pag. 89 6 Glossario...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in a Young Orchard of Grafted and Ungrafted Hybrid Chestnut Saplings
    Mycorrhiza (2021) 31:189–201 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-01015-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure in a young orchard of grafted and ungrafted hybrid chestnut saplings Serena Santolamazza‑Carbone1,2 · Laura Iglesias‑Bernabé1 · Esteban Sinde‑Stompel3 · Pedro Pablo Gallego1,2 Received: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 December 2020 / Published online: 27 January 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community of the European chestnut has been poorly investigated, and mostly by sporocarp sampling. We proposed the study of the ECM fungal community of 2-year-old chestnut hybrids Castanea × coudercii (Castanea sativa × Castanea crenata) using molecular approaches. By using the chestnut hybrid clones 111 and 125, we assessed the impact of grafting on ECM colonization rate, species diversity, and fungal community composition. The clone type did not have an impact on the studied variables; however, grafting signifcantly infuenced ECM colonization rate in clone 111. Species diversity and richness did not vary between the experimental groups. Grafted and ungrafted plants of clone 111 had a diferent ECM fungal species composition. Sequence data from ITS regions of rDNA revealed the presence of 9 orders, 15 families, 19 genera, and 27 species of ECM fungi, most of them generalist, early-stage species. Thirteen new taxa were described in association with chestnuts. The basidiomycetes Agaricales (13 taxa) and Boletales (11 taxa) represented 36% and 31%, of the total sampled ECM fungal taxa, respectively. Scleroderma citrinum, S. areolatum, and S. polyrhizum (Boletales) were found in 86% of the trees and represented 39% of total ECM root tips. The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum (Mytilinidiales) was found in 80% of the trees but accounted only for 6% of the colonized root tips.
    [Show full text]
  • Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude in the Aegean Region of Turkey
    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2019) 43: 817-830 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1812-52 Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude in the Aegean region of Turkey İsmail ŞEN*, Hakan ALLI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey Received: 24.12.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 30.07.2019 Final Version: 21.11.2019 Abstract: The Tricholoma biodiversity of the Aegean region of Turkey has been determined and reported in this study. As a consequence of field and laboratory studies, 31 Tricholoma species have been identified, and five of them (T. filamentosum, T. frondosae, T. quercetorum, T. rufenum, and T. sudum) have been reported for the first time from Turkey. The identification key of the determined taxa is given with this study. Key words: Tricholoma, biodiversity, identification key, Aegean region, Turkey 1. Introduction & Intini (this species, called “sedir mantarı”, is collected by Tricholoma (Fr.) Staude is one of the classic genera of local people for both its gastronomic and financial value) Agaricales, and more than 1200 members of this genus and T. virgatum var. fulvoumbonatum E. Sesli, Contu & were globally recorded in Index Fungorum to date (www. Vizzini (Intini et al., 2003; Vizzini et al., 2015). Additionally, indexfungorum.org, access date 23 April 2018), but many Heilmann-Clausen et al. (2017) described Tricholoma of them are placed in other genera such as Lepista (Fr.) ilkkae Mort. Chr., Heilm.-Claus., Ryman & N. Bergius as W.G. Sm., Melanoleuca Pat., and Lyophyllum P. Karst. a new species and they reported that this species grows in (Christensen and Heilmann-Clausen, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
    Chemical elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes The reference mushrooms as instruments for investigating bioindication and biodiversity Roberto Cenci, Luigi Cocchi, Orlando Petrini, Fabrizio Sena, Carmine Siniscalco, Luciano Vescovi Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena EUR 24415 EN 2011 1 The mission of the JRC-IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via E.Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA) Italy Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC Catalogue number: LB-NA-24415-EN-C Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena JRC65050 EUR 24415 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20395-4 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/22228 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Translation: Dr. Luca Umidi © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 2 Attached to this document is a CD containing: • A PDF copy of this document • Information regarding the soil and mushroom sampling site locations • Analytical data (ca, 300,000) on total samples of soils and mushrooms analysed (ca, 10,000) • The descriptive statistics for all genera and species analysed • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in mushrooms • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in soils 3 Contact information: Address: Roberto M.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Communities Associated with a Pinus Radiata Plantation in the North Island, New Zealand
    ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Katrin Walbert Bioprotection and Ecology Division Lincoln University, Canterbury New Zealand 2008 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND by Katrin Walbert Aboveground and belowground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with different age classes of the exotic plantation species Pinus radiata were investigated over the course of two years in the North Island of New Zealand. ECM species were identified with a combined approach of morphological and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing) analysis. ECM species richness and diversity of a nursery in Rotorua, and stands of different ages (1, 2, 8, 15 and 26 yrs of age at time of final assessment) in Kaingaroa Forest, were assessed above- and belowground; furthermore, the correlation between the above- and belowground ECM communities was assessed. It was found that the overall and stand specific species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with the exotic host tree in New Zealand were low compared to similar forests in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to other exotic plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the course of this study, 18 ECM species were observed aboveground and 19 ECM species belowground. With the aid of molecular analysis the identities of Laccaria proxima and Inocybe sindonia were clarified.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of Jun
    V OMPHALINISSN 1925-1858 Vol. V, No 6 Newsletter of Jun. 21, 2014 OMPHALINA OMPHALINA, newsletter of Foray Newfoundland & Labrador, has no fi xed schedule of publication, and no promise to appear again. Its primary purpose is to serve as a conduit of information to registrants of the upcoming foray and secondarily as a communications tool with members. Issues of OMPHALINA are archived in: is an amateur, volunteer-run, community, Library and Archives Canada’s Electronic Collection <http://epe. not-for-profi t organization with a mission to lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/omphalina/index.html>, and organize enjoyable and informative amateur Centre for Newfoundland Studies, Queen Elizabeth II Library mushroom forays in Newfoundland and (printed copy also archived) <http://collections.mun.ca/cdm4/ description.php?phpReturn=typeListing.php&id=162>. Labrador and disseminate the knowledge gained. The content is neither discussed nor approved by the Board of Directors. Therefore, opinions expressed do not represent the views of the Board, Webpage: www.nlmushrooms.ca the Corporation, the partners, the sponsors, or the members. Opinions are solely those of the authors and uncredited opinions solely those of the Editor. ADDRESS Foray Newfoundland & Labrador Please address comments, complaints, contributions to the self-appointed Editor, Andrus Voitk: 21 Pond Rd. Rocky Harbour NL seened AT gmail DOT com, A0K 4N0 CANADA … who eagerly invites contributions to OMPHALINA, dealing with any aspect even remotely related to mushrooms. E-mail: info AT nlmushrooms DOT ca Authors are guaranteed instant fame—fortune to follow. Authors retain copyright to all published material, and BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONSULTANTS submission indicates permission to publish, subject to the usual editorial decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Spore Amyloidity in Agaricales Under Light Microscope: the Case Study of Tricholoma Alfredo Vizzini1*, Giovanni Consiglio2 and Ledo Setti3
    Vizzini et al. IMA Fungus (2020) 11:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-020-00046-8 IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Testing spore amyloidity in Agaricales under light microscope: the case study of Tricholoma Alfredo Vizzini1*, Giovanni Consiglio2 and Ledo Setti3 Abstract Although species of the genus Tricholoma are currently considered to produce inamyloid spores, a novel standardized method to test sporal amyloidity (which involves heating the sample in Melzer’s reagent) showed evidence that in the tested species of this genus, which belong in all 10 sections currently recognized from Europe, the spores are amyloid. In two species, T. josserandii and T. terreum, the spores are also partly dextrinoid. This result provides strong indication that a positive reaction of the spores in Melzer’s reagent could be a character shared by all genera in Tricholomataceae s. str. Keywords: Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Iodine, Melzer’s reagent, nrITS sequences, Pre-heating, Taxonomy of Tricholomataceae Introduction of the starch–iodine interaction is extremely complex It has been known for about 150 years that some asco- and still remains imperfectly known (Bluhm and Zugen- mycete and basidiomycete sporomata may contain maier 1981; Immel and Lichtenthaler 2000; Shen et al. elements which stain grey to blue-black with iodine- 2013; Du et al. 2014; Okuda et al. 2020). containing solutions. Such a staining was termed amyl- An overview of the historical use of Melzer’s was pro- oid reaction, sometimes written as I+ or J+ (the term vided by Leonard (2006). Iodine was used in Mycology “amyloid” being derived from the Latin amyloideus, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Fungi of Western North America
    Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Aspen Bibliography Aspen Research 2001 Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications C.L. Cripps Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cripps, CL. 2001. Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications. WD Shepperd et al (compilers). Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings. Proceedings RMRS-P-18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, CO. This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Aspen Research at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Aspen Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications Cathy L. Cripps1 Abstract—Native mycorrhizal fungi associated with aspen were surveyed on three soil types in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Selected isolates were tested for the ability to enhance aspen seedling growth in vitro. Over 50 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi occur with Populus tremuloides in this region, primarily basidiomycete fungi in the Agaricales. Almost one-third (30%) were ubiquitous with aspen and were found on all three soil types. Over one-third (37%) were restricted to the acidic, sandy soil of the smelter-impacted Butte-Anaconda area, revealing a subset of fungi that tolerate these conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their ability to enhance aspen growth and establishment. Of nine selected isolates, all but one increased the biomass of aspen seedlings 2–4 times.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Active Compounds of Scleroderma Citrinum That Inhibit Plant Pathogenic Fungi
    International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2014 Vol. 10(1):79-86 Available online http://www.ijatFungal-aatsea.com Diversity ISSN 2630-0192 (Online) Biological Active Compounds of Scleroderma Citrinum That Inhibit Plant Pathogenic Fungi Soytong, K. * 1, Sibounnavong, P.2, Kanokmedhakul, K.3 and Kanokmedhakul, S.3 1Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos (NUOL), Vientiane, Lao, PDR, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. Soytong, K, Sibounnavong, P., Kanokmedhakul, K. and Kanokmedhakul, S. (2014). Biological active compounds of Scleroderma citrinum that inhibit plant pathogenic fungi. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 10(1):79-86. Abstract The natural products were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Scleroderma citrinum. A new lanostane-type steroids were found namely 4,4’-Dimethoxymethyl vulpinate (DMV) and 4,4’-Dimethoxyvulpinic acid (DMVA). These compounds were tested for biological activities against plant pathogens in vitro. Results showed that 4,4’-Dimethoxyvulpinic acid had more active to inhibit the tested pathogens, Phytophthora palmivora and Colletotrichum. gloeosporioides than 4,4’-Dimethoxymethyl vulpinate at all tested concentrations. The effective dose (ED50) of DMVA compound could significantly inhibit the mycelium growth of P. palmivora and C. gloeosporioides at the concentrations of 58 and 81 ug/ml, respectively. The ED50 of DMV compound for inhibition of such fungal mycelial growth was 2,114 and 5,231 ug/ml., respectively. The production of conidia of C. gloeosporioides was statistically significant inhibited by both tested compounds, with this the ED50 of DMA and DMVA compounds were 45 and 68 ug/ml., respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Scleroderma Citrinum and Pleurotus Ostreatus
    The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 2018, 5(1):191-195 Available online www.tpcj.org ISSN: 2349-7092 Research Article CODEN(USA): PCJHBA Physicochemical properties of starches from Scleroderma citrinum and Pleurotus ostreatus Aniekemabasi U Israel, Basil N Ita*, Uwemobong B Akpan Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria Abstract Starches isolated from Scleroderma citrinum (SC) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) were investigated using physical and chemical tests. Total starch content was higher in SC (89.41 %) than PO (75.00 %). Amylose content was also higher in SC (38.50 %) than PO (21.70 %), while amylopectin, moisture and ash contents were higher in PO than SC respectively. Gelatinization temperature was 70 oC for SC and 80 oC for PO. Dextrinization of the starch samples occurred between 150-180 oC and 120-150 oC for SC and PO respectively. Generally, these starches could have numerous applications in the non –food industry. Keywords Scleroderma citrinum, Pleurotus ostreatus, amylose, amylopectin, dextrin Introduction Starches extracted from different botanical origins have played important roles in the food industries. They are used as a thickener, in snacks, gravies, sauces, muffins, etc. Also, they find application in cosmetics, paper coatings, laundry and biofilms production [1]. These starches have diverse physicochemical and functional properties which are influenced by their content of amylose and amylopectin as well as the structure of the amylopectin. Properties such as paste viscosity, α- amylase digestibility, gelatinization are affected by the amylose content of starch while amylopectin affects starch gelatinization and retrogradation properties [2]. Constraints such as insolubility, retrogradation, instability of gels and paste to varying temperatures, pH and shears have restricted their industrial applications; therefore the search for starches with better functional properties becomes imperative.
    [Show full text]