Memorials of a Yorkshire Parish an Historical Sketch of the Parish Of

M E M O R I A L S O F A YOR KS H I RE PARI S H AN H I S T O R I C A L S K E T C H O F T H E P AR I SH O F D AR R I N G T O N FLET H ER BY . s C J . W R EN DR W S BY G P R OD ES ITH T HI TE A ING . . H

LONDON : OH N LANE T H E B L J , OD EY H EAD

NEW YORK : JOH N LANE COM PANY M CM XVII

TH E MEM ORY OF MY SON WILFRID JO HN LID D ON FLETCHER

WHO GAVE HIS LIFE FOR H IS COUNTRY

NEAR GH ELUVELT IN FLAN D E RS

OC B R 2 TH 1 1 TO E 9 , 9 4

P REFACE

HAVE endeavoured in the following pages to write

W a in a r a ai m r h t , the n tu e of things , c nnot cl m to be o e

a a r ra i r th n sketch , oughly d wn , of the h sto y of the parish in which I lived as a boy an d for which I retain a ar f i it m a i o a r w m a fect on . I hope y g ve s me ple su e to the i in arri a a and a if it folk who l ve D ngton now d ys , th t does nothing else it will stir up young people to take an interest i n a ir il a r a the p st of the V l ge . Some one of them , pe h ps , m ay be sufﬁciently stirred to ﬁnd out more about that past

a a a an d i his th n I h ve been ble to ﬁnd , to g ve fellow villagers a better an d more complete account of D arrington

a r i th n I have he e g ven . I am under great an d grateful indebtedness to the in v aluable publications Of the Yorkshire Archaeological

S i r ir P ari i r i r oc ety , the Yo ksh e sh Reg ste Soc ety , the Tho esby

i and r S i ari r Soc ety , the Su tees oc ety to the v ous wo ks of

i r m a Mr . a P ra the l te R ch d Holmes of ontef ct , one of the ost

ar and a a i a i aria ri r his i le ned p inst k ng nt qu n w te s of t me , for whose labours his fellow-Yorkshiremen of like tastes feel a deepening an d gr owing admiration an d respect to

i r a m . a n r Mr . the publ shed p pe s d emo anda of the late . T W

ar a r ia i ar r ‘ a Tew of C leton , nothe enthus st c se che into the p st an d r i ar arri r a to the p esent V c of D ngton , the Reve end C non

i an d r ra i Wran ham r Atk nson , the Reve end F nc s g , Recto of

ar i ir for i an d i . H denhuish , W ltsh e , much k nd help suggest on

am ar i lar i Mr a i And I p t cu ly ndebted to . J mes S ngleton of

VI I viii MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

h as ar i for a a Leeds , who c efully cop ed me m ny ncient docu and h as r r a a n ments , fu the dded to the debt of Oblig tio a e i I owe him by m king the Ind x to th s book . F s . . J. T H E C SSW YS RO A , H M B K C I C S E A ROO , H HE T R ,

N o er 1 1 6 . vem b , 9 CO NT E NT S

P RE F ACE INTRODUCTION

CHAP T E R

I . THE B EGINNINGS

II . THE NORMAN SETTLEMENT

D E E III . THE LACY OWN RSHI P

V D TH E I E E E U I . ARRINGTON IN TH RT NTH C NT RY

’ V M D E . THE FITZ WILLIA S AND THE SCARGILLS

TH E VI . FRIARS

E VII . THE SIX TEENTH C NTURY

0 VIII . DARRINGTON CHURCH : 1 53

E IX . THE R F ORMATION

P F X . THE AUS TWI CK S OF ONTE RACT

XI . THE WE N TB RI D GE CHANTRY

P E XII . STA LETON AN D THE HOLGAT FAMILY

T H E XIII . P ARISH RE GISTERS

N 1 0— 1 6 0 XIV . SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIO S : 55 5

TH E XV . SAVILE FAMILY T XVI . H E S AVI LE S AT STAP LETON

V . NE VI S HI HW YM X II N ON , THE G A AN

- 0 XVIII . MANOR OF D ARRINGTON : 1 709 1 75 - XIX . MANOR O F STAP LE TON : 1 702 1 749 — XX . CHURCH LI F E : 1 700 1 750

XXI . FARME RS AN D FARMING IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

XXII . VILLAGE LI F E AND THE METHODISTS

- XXIII . MANOR O F STAP LETON : 1 76 2 1 8 1 4 V MR . . XXI . E R . P ETRE AT STAP LETON

ix ' x MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

T H E B ARTO N FAM ILY THE E N D O F T H E COACHING D AYS

THE S OTH E R ON S AN D S OTH E RO N -E S TCO URTS — D ARRINGTO N : 1 83 5 1 875 TH E AGRICULTURAL D ISASTER TH E R E VIVAL O F CHURCH LI F E T H E P RE SE NT AND TH E FUTURE NO TE S

IN D E X I LLUST RAT ION S

DA RR I NGTO N CH UR C H F r on tispiece

I NT E RI O R DA R R I NGTO N CH URCH Tof ace pag e

R W D RR I N O N . A GT CH U CH : N .

T H E T I H E B R N D R R I N O N T A , A GT

TH E OLD VICA RAG E

DAR R INGT ON H ALL

E R W N ND R S S RO D S D RR I N TH C O N IN A C O A , A NGTO

S TA P LE TON H ALL

C RI DL ING P A RK FA R M

WE NT B R I D GE

WE N H I LL F RM WE NT B RI DGE T A ,

WE NT B R I DG E CH URCH

O LD B AY HO RS E NN N D B R I D E WE NT B RI DG E I A G ,

I NT RO D UCT ION

HE parish of Darrington lies in the centre of the

a a Os oldcross a i W pent ke of g , one of the nc ent divisions of the south-east portion of the West

i ir r r Rid ng of Yorksh e . It is th ee miles f om - P a r a r r r r . ontefr ct , twelve f om Donc ste , twenty fou f om Yo k

is r r r r It inte sected , du ing its entire length f om no th to south ,

r a r a hi r r a i i by the G e t No th Ro d , w ch he e fo ms d v ding line between it s two principal manors of D arrington and Staple i are ia i a ton . Both these townsh ps within the eccles st c l

ari a Wentb rid e a are p sh so , too , is the vill ge of g so , lso ,

r the outlying hamlets of G ove and Cridling . In extent the parish is one of the largest in the county its history can be traced from the time of E dward the Confessor it h as never known any other industry than that of agriculture ; it is a of am in E the only pl ce its n e ngland . The immediate surroundings of this parish are full of i d r a r P r a an . a histo c l om ntic inte est Its m rket town , onte

a is as a a lOn a o in all o . fr ct , , De n Swift s id g g , our hist ries On ar Wentb rid e at B arn sdale are a the bound y of g , , the l st

r a r r B runeswald . stretches of the g e t Fo est of She wood , the

r a a a o d . of He ew rd the W ke , the h unt of Robin H o At rr ri r a a Fe yb dge , on the no thern bound ry of the p rish , i ia r r r a a a W ll m the Conque o ested for m ny we ry d ys , seeking a a a r - a r e p ss ge , Yo k w rds , ove the swollen Aire , th n in ﬂood , an d spendin g his enforced leisure in studying the strategic possibilities of the frowning promontory on which his hench m an t a as i P a w a C t . , Ilber de L cy , soon to bu ld ontefr ct s le xiii xiv MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r ar a r a r r a r r wa Six hund ed ye s l te , th t g im No m n fo t ess s the last pl ace in Engl and to hold out for the Stuart cause ;

ri its i a r a ar r i a t ar du ng ﬁrst s ege F i f x qu te ed h mself C leton , on the D arrington boundary Crom well himself stayed at

i i a a ri i r Knott ngley , two m les w y , du ng the second s ege , befo e he handed the conduct of affairs over to Lambert an d went off a i ri C ar ir to London , to ss st in b nging h les the F st to the

a r i a a r i sc ffold . A sho t d st nce long the Great No th Rpad l e a r a r the me dows of Towton , scene of the ﬁe cest b ttle eve fought between the Yorkists an d the Lancastrians a few

a a for aS SOCl l miles to the west is W keﬁeld , f mous , too , its

ar are a tion with the W s of the Roses . These m tters of accepted history there m ay be some truth in the suggestion a Wentb rid e was a Winwaed th t g the scene of the b ttle of , i sa wh ch w the death of P enda an d the trium ph of Oswy . B ut in this stretch of English l and the evidences an d

' r m ll s a a are an and a . memo i ls of ntiquity y , on side The remai ns of Saxon an d Norman architecture are in almost

r a a i a r are r ar a eve y h mlet . M ny of the v ll ge chu ches em k ble in a county which is world-famous for the size an d beauty

i a a ar Of of its ecclesiast cal monuments . Sc rcely y d high wa an a r a r r a i is a y , c e of l nd , is the e he e bouts wh ch not sso ciated with the great deeds an d outstanding ﬁgures of the

r i a arri r a an past . Th ough th s p rish of D ngton ode m ny

E n lish i r a r a r a e g k ng , f om the gre t No m n usu per to the f ll n

ar r r r ar r r a r Stu t . Ac oss its no the n bound y , ove the G e t No th

a r his i i r er Ro d , ode Wolsey to Archb shopr c of Yo k , p

a turnin a side as was a ch nce g , his wont on th t j ourney , to visit the sick folk an d conﬁr m the children ; acr oss it he

a a a a a ar a for p ssed g in , not m ny weeks fterw ds , f llen the

a i r a r a l st t me . Down the G e t No th Ro d itself swept the

a r r r a ra a e ge fo ces of the Pilg im ge of G ce , the b nner of the

i ri i r r F ve Wounds of Ch st in the r midst , esolute in thei

for n i a a fervour the b ri g ng b ck of the old religion long it ,

r r a i r a too , du ing the time of the G e t Rebell on , st e med the INTRODUCTION x v

ar r Old i or a men who c ied the p kes , ess yed the new muskets , on one or other of the sides which we know under the party

al i r titles of Roundhead an d Cav e . B ut there is another side to the rom ance which historical ass ociation throws over the records of this essentially rural

ari its i r a i an d a p sh . Along w de o d went k ngs st tesmen , s i r an d ri r a an d il r in a old e s p ests , me ch nts p g ims , the old d ys a a r a in a a r r r r long th t o d , too , l te pe iod , we e seen olling

a or rki r i a r E i sed tely , lu ng fu t vely , two fe tu es of nglish l fe which are alm ost as much things of the past as the knight i i — - a an d h s squ re the stage coach an d the hi ghw yman . Until recently there were living in the parish of Darrington old men and women who could remember the time when r r i a a r i f om fo ty to s xty co ches p ssed the C own Inn , go ng

r or i i a i r — sa i no th south , w th n the d yl ght hou s to y noth ng - ai and r a arria i - a of post ch ses p iv te c ges . The post ng st ge of this stretch was Doncaster— Ferrybridge ; in Ferrybridge

da a Old a i r a ra i a to this y st nd the co ching nns , g e t mbl ng pl ces

ra r i a r an d ir now t nsfo med nto sm lle houses tenements , the

a a al ra an d r i r v st st bles f len to ck uin . W thin the memo y of

i -a a i rr m ddle ged people , the l st of the postboys l ved in Fe y — bridge an old fellow who h ad ridden the stage between his native village an d Doncaster some wondrous number of i a a r or r r t mes in f ir we the foul . The e we e few empty

r r a a a a st etches of o d in those d ys , wh t with the co ches , the - ’ ai a al a and post ch ses , the f mily hold l , the goods w ggons , the gr eat dr oves of Scotch c attle which were shod with iron so that their feet could last out during the long j ourney from

E i i la an beyond the Cheviots to the ngl sh M d nds d London .

B ut ar r a r a ral a s r some p ts of the o d were , f om n tu c u es , mo e

i ar a r an d i it in ar sol t y th n othe s , two b ts of the p ish of a r i i D rrington we e much to the l k ng of the gentlemen who , in r i ra a ir the exp ess ve ph seology of those d ys , devoted the t al s b i a a i ent to the High To y . H ghw ymen p rt cularly a r r a ar r a al -wa f vou ed the st etch of ro d ne G ove H ll , h f y xvi MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a r and rr r and between D r ington Fe yb idge , the lonely

a r a a as a exp nse which c osses the he dl nds , known D le Fields , a a i a i entb ri just bove the sudden f ll of h ghw y nto W dge . At r r a a i a i nl both these points the e we e no hum n h b t t ons , u ess ’ r a r a a - it we e shephe d s th tched hut , put up in l mbing time nothing more solitary was to be found in all the stretch of t he r a an a i o d from York to London . M y h ghway robbery was carried out in this parish— an d we set them down now

a a r i or a r an d d ys to either Tu p n Nevinson . Th t both Tu pin Nevinson were much in evidence in D arrington an d the neigh — — b ourin g vill ages is true there are records of them and that one of them thundered through the parish on his famous ride

r is a r B ut ar r i i to Yo k lso t ue . if we e to appo t on th ngs

a r a a r f irly , the e seems to be little doubt th t the deeds tt ibuted — to Turpin so far as this neighbourhood was concerned l r a a is r al shou d e lly be f thered on Nevinson . Nevinson the e hero of our piece of the highway— it was in our p arish that he loved to drink a cup an d take a purse it was just outside its bor ders that he and his horse executed the most wonderful of leaps ever m ade by horse an d rider it was not far from

a was arr an d was a us th t he ested , if he not duly h nged within

was a r all r our conﬁnes , it bec use Yo k , like chief cent es of

a a . popul tion , desired to keep th t business to itself Few counties of England have more diversity of scenery

an d ari a ra a r a r ra r v ety of n tu l fe tu es th n Yo kshire , nging f om the wild mountainous country of the Lancashire an d West — morland borders to the dead levels of Thorne Waste the p arish of D arrington is an excellent example of the undulat ing l ands which lie on the southern extremity of the great

a r r i V le of Yo k . There is much dive sity w thin its bound

a and f are a . ries , the di ferences in the scenery sh rply deﬁned The country rises gradually from the valley of the Aire at Ferrybridge until it forms a long wide plateau which stretches from the eastern boundary of the pari shes of Pontefract an d Carleton to the western line of the parish of INTRODUCTION xv u

r a a is a a ul i a Wome sley . This pl te u wide exp nse of c t v ted

a r a i and a a n . r l nd , b oken up by sm ll copp ces pl nt tio s F om

B a a a ar for a i one of these , l ck Clump , l ndm k m ny m les on

r a r a r a a i a the o d to Yo k , the l nd suddenly d ops w y nto long

rai i r m arri st ght dip , wh ch extends f o D ngton Mill on the west to the beginnings of Womersley on the east . In this

i a arri r a a dip lies the v ll ge of D ngton , cut th ough by ro d

i a r P ra an d a r a i r wh ch le ds f om ontef ct , fte p ss ng th ough

arr a an d r an d i D ington , St pleton , Wome sley ( b secting the Great North Ro ad at D arrington) winds away into the low

ar v a lying l and tow ds Goole . On the south side of the ill ge — the l and again rises gently to another plateau a long wide stretching exp anse of good l and shut in to the eas t by the woods of Stapleton an d terminating on the west in the long i ri a ill i r m a r h gh dge c lled Went H , wh ch stretches f o D r ington Mill to Wentb ridge, commands vast-spreading views of the

rr r an d On ur su ounding count y , looks down the neighbo ing

i a ar E a ar r a r v ll ges of C leton , st H dwick , Tho pe , B dswo th , an d r r r i Ackwo th . F om the southe n edge of th s second

a a a a a al a a i i a ri i pl te u the l nd g in f ls w y , th s time w th surp s ng

ar i r a i a sh pness , nto one of the most om nt c , though le st

a — B r ko a r r oc dale . al known , of the sm lle Yo kshire d les Loc usage attributes this name to the badgers or b rooks which

al r a a ri used to be found in the v ley , but the p ob ble re l de i r - 61 60 r i a a a r a . v t on is f om the Anglo S xon , ush ng st e m At

r r i - i Wen tb rid e the weste n ext emity of th s Swiss like glen l es g , r i ll a in r i one of the p ett est vi ges the county , th ough wh ch r i r a r ar B ko a D . roc d le uns the R ve Went , t ibut y of the on

r a a r a an d forms the oute bound ry of the m no of St pleton , ,

r r ari arr r i the efo e , of the p sh of D ington ; f om ts southern side the land rises again to another wide-spreading tableland

i i a in B arn sdale wh ch term n tes the woods of .

‘ The aspect of this parish is as suggestive to the student of history as it is pleasing to the lover of characteristically E i r i i . s a or r a ngl sh scenery If the e noth ng wild , gr nd , om ntic xviii MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r r r a a a in the st ict sense of the wo d , the e is bund nce of, th t

r i E i — a a ri scene y wh ch is eminently ngl sh upl nd , lowl nd , ch

a a ﬁ ld ~ od i e r ar ar . me dow , cultiv ted , wo , copp ce , o ch d , g den

m an can r a a a a as m en r a a The who e d l ndsc pe some e d f ces , knows that he is here face ‘ to face with one of those English vill ages which have been under the c areful cultivation of m a f r f m n o ar r a a a ar . r o e th n thous nd ye s Whethe , in some far-off a e i a was a a r g , th s p rish p rt of some wild w ste of fo est an d r an d r a ari a l , with he e the e cle ng , is question impossible a r a is ni a r of deﬁnite nswe wh t deﬁ te is th t , f om such times as can ai r r it h as a ll we obt n some eco d of , been wh t it sti is a ar i a r i its a f m ng vill ge . Anywhe e w thin wide bound ries

ra a a there are no t ces of ncient woods . There is not tree in an its a i a ar a a a y of h mlets wh ch is of rem k ble ge . Such o ks — as it can show are neither great in size n or old in years as

a ri an d — o ks go . It is ch in beech , chestnut , elm but the

are i a a a beeches nf nts when comp red with those of Burnh m , an d the elms youthful in contrast with such specimens of antiquity as one ﬁn ds b y the score in Suffolk an d Essex . Such woods as there are h ave all been planted since the time of the Stuarts— if there is one arboreal remnant of antiquity in th e village it is a cedar in the grounds of Darrington Hall . An d all this goes to prove that here from time immemorial m a a r was a ll a an has ma de the l nd his serv nt . The e vi ge

r an d a r an d a an d a a he e , chu ch , mill , hum n l bour busy , long

r r a am : h ad r befo e the No m n c e men been he e , indeed , for o generations before the Roman came . Countless successi ns a t a of D rrington men illed the soil , did wh t they could

r r a a to ef esh the soil , so ssiduously cultiv ted , cut the wood , set new wood in the earth— but a lways they made the i an E a r a . r as n a e rth their se v nt He e , then , m ny nglish

ari a i are p sh , the evidences of nt quity not in the old trees ,

i i r are i a but in the l v ng men . The e men living in th s p rish

-da ar a r and h ad to y who , if they c ed to t ke the t ouble ar ra could trace r the necess y c ft to do it , thei pedigree , with

M EM O RIAL S O F A Y O RK SHI RE PARISH

T H E B EGINNINGS

B am sdale B ar r i , some th ee m les from the

r ar a a r southe n bound y of the p rish of D r ington , there runs alongside the Great North Road a raised an d regularly shaped mass of stone an d earth which looks like a hundred yards of railway embank

i ra n d a al r ment on wh ch g ss a weeds h ve been lowed to g ow . It m ay be th at most men who see it do not know wh at it is r i it for a the a those who do , ecogn ze piece of old Rom n road which connected D anum (Doncaster) with Legiolum r r are r it B am sdale (Castlefo d) . The e othe bits of between and a r a as i r it r a Donc ste , but none so pl in th s , whe e e ched

i i r r m a the highest po nt of th s part of Yo kshi e . One y imagin e its makers arriving at this high point in the forest a r a r i ra i r r a fte following p imit ve t ck wh ch he e bifu c ted . Thence they would look northward over a vast rolling

r i r ir count y , the m ddle of Yo ksh e before them , the long

i ir ri i a low l nes of the Wolds on the ght , the h lls bove the al r ir B ut it i a a C de to the left . needs no m gin tion to decide

ir a r — a or r r why the m ke s took the left h nd , weste n , fo k of

a rim i iv ra i a ri a or a th t p t e t ck , nste d of the ght h nd , e stern . It was always the Roman policy to make for any given point 4 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

rai in and a i r was by the st ghtest l e , the Rom n object ve he e r the lead mines of Nidde dale . And so what is c al led the old Roman road to the heart of Yorkshire was made at ﬁr st

r arri an d a a i r not th ough D ngton T dc ster d rect to Yo k , but

a r an d r r r r was by C stlefo d Abe fo d to Wethe by , whence the e

a a r a a i a a e sy ccess to the Nidde d le le d , of wh ch Rom n

A D 8 m a a a . . in st mped ingot , smelted bout 7 , y be seen the r ar B ritish Museum by whoeve c es to look at it .

a r i r had But if those Rom n pionee s , ntent on comme ce , taken the eastern track through the edge of the great

r an d h ad a a D ar fo est , come upon wh t is now the p rish of

a a r rington , wh t would they h ve found the e A community

a i a r ra an d r already est bl shed , sm ll in numbe s , but b ve esolute

— i i a i a people of Celt c orig n , closely ll ed to the Irish , of

a a i a i i a a cert in mount of civil z t on , gifted with m gin tion ,

i an d r in an knowing something of mus c poet y , skilled ele

ar wa r a and ment y y in the wo king of the met ls , of some a proﬁciency in tilling the soil . Such sm ll communities were

r a . r a all ove the l nd How they were gove ned , wh t their

i i was a a a r rel g on , wh t their commun l l ws we e , we do not know— what we do know is th at they appear to h ave lived - r n a co ra and togethe on somethi g like ope tive system , to

a r - have cultivated the l nd by the method of st ip farming .

r i a a i a Into thei m dst c me the Rom n nﬂuence , the Rom n

a a ra ra ways . Ro ds took the pl ce of t cks , towns sp ng up

h ad r - ar a was where hamlets stood , the co n growing e i a r r r . extended , w stes we e brought unde the p im tive plough W a r r a a r r hen the Rom ns withdrew f om B it in , fte fou

a a was n r i centuries of occup ncy , most of the l nd u de cult

an d r ra vation , the people who lived on it we e gene lly - - prosperous an d often well to do .

a a r a and as r With the Rom ns c me Ch isti nity , there we e

r n r an d a a Christian chu ches i Yo k itself , in some of the dj cent

r r r i a r places , the e is no wild conjectu e in su mis ng th t the e m ay have been a Christian Church in D arringt on as far back THE BEGINNINGS 5

i a a i as the th rd century . But wh t h ppened in the s xth century effectually destroyed all trace of what h ad gone i a ra ra r E i arr . befo e . The ngl sh ved M ny st nge st ins went

a i r a an d an d to the m k ng of them . They we e S xons Angles

an d risians i a i ia i and ar aria Jutes F , w th not l ttle As t c b b n

— a r l law blood in them wild , l wless , ﬁe ce men , whose on y r was . a their own will , their own need As they swept c oss the land from the east coast they drove the Celts before them— by the end of the sixth century there was probably in a a as a no Celt left D rrington , s ve the sl ve of the new

r B ut i ria come s . the Celts left beh nd them one memo l which has existed to this day in the name Of the only river i ari — for a is ar wh ch the p sh possesses the Went , th t cle ly

ri r i de ved f om the Celt c .

was r r its a r i It unde the ule of new m ste s , whom h story

r as - a a ar an d groups togethe Anglo S xons , th t D rington

Stapleton got the beginnings of their present names . The — tun was the original enclosure of the settler the p atch of a r i a was a or i was l nd ound wh ch hedge pl nted , wh ch fenced in a ai r a i i as at r a g nst othe s by rude p al sad ng . It w ﬁ st

i a a r and its s ngle homeste d , f rm , c oft , kept defended by

r B ut i ra r owne . by degrees t was applied as a gene l te m to a collection of such enclosures ; it became what l ater

ra i al a i a i ari gene t ons c led town . The term n t on of our p sh

a is a i a for it is tun n me, then , e s ly ccounted ; the of the

- a B ut a arr an d a is Anglo S xon time . wh t is D ing wh t Staple " I ng was the Anglo-Saxon p atronymic ; the sur

a i r i n me . When t is appended to a p eﬁx t signiﬁes (with

a r a a i ar ri al th t p eﬁx) f m ly settlement , the p ent , the o gin settlement ; when the sufﬁx tun is applied to it an d its

r a al r ar p eﬁx , ﬁli colony , sent out f om the p ent settlement , i i i s . arr a ra mpl ed D ington , then , is the town of b nch

- a a arr or rr or of some Anglo S xon f mily of D ing , Du ing, ar di n a D g . St pleton is not so easily accounted for ; it m ay not have been so called when its sister-manor was 6 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r al a i it rr s a a a a Mr . ﬁ st c led D ngton , ex ct n me c me l ter . E — . . a a r H Chetwynd St pylton , in letter w itten to the

Yorkshire Archaeolo i cal ournal a a o a a g j some ye rs g , dv nced the theory that although the name of Stapleton is at lea st a s a s a ur r old the time of the Domesd y S vey , the e is no

a a was a evidence th t the n me in existence in S xon times , an d suggested th at it wa s brought to the place by a colony

a or Sta eltons ra a of St pletons , p , who mig ted to this p rt of

r a the as a as 1 0 Yorkshire f om the b nks of Tees l te 72 . But it is hardly likely tha t any S axon name which the place had up to 1 072 should not h ave been mentioned in a as D om esda k was 1 08 a document written , y Boo , in 5 . St ple

in all r a had a o r ton , p ob bility , been so c lled for s me centu ies . a m a a a r r r Its n me y h ve risen f om some of its ﬁ st holde s , a Ste els or m a a St pels , or p , it y h ve come from the Anglo a S ta ol a a or S xon p , pill r , post , of wood or stone, set up to

ar an a a r ar ra m k the site of ncient m rket . The e e seve l

a in E a ta ef r St pletons ngl nd there are more S pl o ds . In the — last-named case the ori gin of the name is obvious the post

a r a marking the pl ce of the fo d cross the river . Not one of these Stapletons or Staplefords has ever been a m arket a t m a a r town , but the St ple ons y h ve been convenient cent es for a a ar the exch nge of goods , without possession of m ket a r a a D om esda k ch rter . But it is ce t in th t by the time y Boo was compiled both these m anors had acquired deﬁnite

a r a a a . n mes , which the e ppe r in good L tin But for some centuries before D om esday Book D arrington had its i as an - a a i been living l fe Anglo S xon vill ge commun ty , and r a a r a it p ob bly lived th t life , little t oubled by the D nish i wa i i incurs ons , being well out of the y of them , unt l the t me r can r r a of E dward the Confesso . We econst uct th t life .

C r a am . During the seventh century , h isti nity c e to it It m ay have been in it during the time of the Roman settlement r was was a dr i of Yo kshire if it , it cert inly ven out when the

- a a r r r i a d Anglo S xons c me , for they we e wo shippe s of Od n n

8 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a a ofﬁcials— was a too , ppointed the p rish the Reeve , who

r a a ar a a a a r so t of M yor the H yw d , who m n ged l nd m tte s

a a had ar a - a the Me dsm n , who ch ge of the me dow l nd the Woodrev e saw , who to the woods ; the ploughmen , the

oxherds b eeherds w r an d r . , the , the s inehe ds , the shephe ds If there was need to approach other neighbouring vill age

n a r commu ities , the Moot ppointed the priest of the chu ch

and Or a act as a two more townsmen of good st nding , to

a . all r a was a deput tion By the Moot p ovision of t xes m de , an d all monetar y questions settled between the community a d - n a r . was r a a a a the est te holde It , in sho t , vill ge p rli ment ,

a r r all a ar with plen ry powe s ove within the vill ge bound ies . Such was the Anglo-Saxon vill age community during the greater p art of the centuries which followed the invasion of a E i Brit in by the mixed multitude whom we call the ngl sh . But by the time of E dward the Confessor the conditions of village life had changed— in some places a great deal ; in

r h d a a it was r . r a othe s , little Whe e they ch nged gre tly whe e

a r had a r and l an d had the est te owne s w xed st ong powerfu , a a r un tt ined something of the lordship of those who we e , h ad known to themselves , to succeed them . Such men in a a a r a a h i r their vill ges h ll of esidence , f rm within t e r g ounds ,

and a an d a a for r i b rns gr n ries the storing of p oduce , wh ch

r a as r or tax . p oduce c me to them often t ibute Also , two r r different classes of farmers h ad sprung up . The e we e the

ar r r n a seam en f me s of the better so t , commo ly c lled , who held a l a a a a an d a ar good y sh re of the r ble l nd , nother sh e in the common land such men usually rendered militar y service

and r . r r to their overlord , they we e free men Then the e we e a a a a r the f rmers of the pe s nt cl ss , who were still se fs in the sense that they were bound to work for their superior they a r a a an d ai prob bly wo ked for him two d ys week , they p d a a r tribute to him in kind . Bene th these cl sses we e cotters ,

a a r a an d r who held few c es in the common l nd , we e bound r to work for the overlord most of their time . And there we e I N T E R I O R D A R R I N G TO N C H URC H

TH E BEGINNINGS 9

la r a a i in r still s ves , though they we e comp r t vely few numbe , i i r r All these people j o ned in support ng the p iest of the chu ch ,

i r i ai i or i e the by t thes p d directly to h mself , to the b shop

i a r ra r of the d ocese , he lso beneﬁted by the p oduce ised f om certain duly apportioned acres in the common land . And al ready the churches h ad begun to be endowed by the piety of l andowners who devised portions of their estates to them . Nearly a thousand years have gone since they were dis

ir a r a a r possessed of the l nds by the No m n inv de s , but we know who were the last English owners of D arrington an d B r an d a . arr was a St pleton D ington held by two men , et Al si it was in their time the l argest an d most prosperous 8 a in r an d its a a al was . pl ce the neighbou hood , t x ble v ue £ There were two holders of Stapleton ; the B aret of D ar ington was one of them Ulchil was the other ; the value a a of th t manor was just half that of Darrington . In St ple i ton there were ﬁ v e ploughs in use ; in Darrington e ght . a r was a r an d a r an d a At D rrington the e chu ch p iest , mill w a r r which as of the taxable value of 33 . Th t eco d of the mill is of more interest than would appear at ﬁrst sight it a a a a a o i shows th t thous nd ye rs g , windmills , ever s nce then a r a i F or was a r r n . g e t fe ture of this count y , we e use this certai nly a windm ill— the forerunner of the mill at the northern end of Went Hill ; there has never been any a - w ter force in Darrington by which a mill could be driven . Whether the mill belonged to B aret or to Alsi does not a ar i i a B ar was ppe . But there s ground for suppos ng th t et

r a m an a B ar a all a the g e t of the pl ce . et held l nd in th t

i r is r r as i a at a ne ghbou hood . He eco ded hold ng l nd St ple

a i al R oall an d i ton , Sme ton , Knott ngley , Be , , Kell ngton .

r r ar him a r a Mo eove , one he s of fte the Norm n Conquest , for he is returned as being sub-feudatory of some of the lands had r — at Roall which he p eviously possessed Kellington , , — an d Beal which means that having been turned out as a dl r was a i as a . ar r l n o d , he dm tted ten nt But we he no mo e I O MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

him i r rr of in connection with e the D a ington or Stapleton .

E i Al i an d Ulchil a Of the other two ngl shmen , s , we he r no

r i r as n - a h ad mo e e the . Just the A glo S xons driven out the

C a E i — a old elts , so the Norm ns drove out the old ngl sh usu lly

r an d Ulchil m a a with scant me cy . Alsi y h ve wandered a a an d i r w y , homeless penniless , into the ne ghbou ing

B run e swal d r ar an d b a r r , to j oin He ew d his nd of efugees f om

El an d or m a a a a y the Fens , they y h ve ccepted the Norm n r l an d i — W a r h r a ar u e become nonent ties h teve t ei f te , we he no more of them in connection with the l ands which once

r we e theirs . TH E NOR M AN SETTLE MENT

HE or a r r a r i i N m n Conque o , fte the dec sive v ctory

r a E i at a ove the l st of the ngl sh kings Senl c , lost little time in effecting the settlement of hrs

i i a i new possess ons on deﬁn te lines . He beg n w th

a r i a an a a drastic me su e . The t tles to h ve d hold l nd of the

- a r a r a a or old Anglo S xon owne s , of wh teve degree , l ym n

ri r ari a — r r cle c , we e summ ly c ncelled the whole count y , f om ’ a E n d ar r r r i was L nd s to the sc cely known No the n eg ons , ’ i ar r . a decl ed to be the new king s , by ight of conquest Will m t r ar it a a a once p oceeded to p cel out . He m de gr nts of immense tracts of country to those of his followers who were in his r a i an d r a eri h ad own pe son l su te , to the No m n cl cs who

im E a r al r ra followed h to ngland . He ppo tioned sm le t cts to his men of lesser deg eH vewNorman h ad some share in B ut r r - a a the spoil . the e we e Anglo S xons who m de the

a r an d a a a best of the m tte , took the o th of llegi nce to the

r — r a r a or as in Conque or they we e gr nted thei old est tes , , a B a arr r a as the c se of ret of D ington , pe mitted to le se them

- ri r r r sub feudato es f om the new owners . With the new o de

a r a i of things c me the new conditions of tenu e . Feud l sm sprang into existence at a word from the masterful Norman . There was to be no land without its lord no lord who was r i a i hi i a r u a i not unde direct obl g t on to s k ng . Th t eg l t on settled the relations between William an d those to whom he gave the land but there was one other which affected the new landlords in their relations with those who were already

I I ’ 1 2 MEMORIALS OF A Y ORKSHIRE PARISH

a . a r m an da on the l nd Willi m , the sh ewdest of his y , knew that no king is secure on his throne if there is discontent — in his kingdom and so the royal edict went forth that no m an was i r i r to be d stu bed , no new th ngs we e to be done . The farmers an d the peasants were to continue as before all that h ad happened to them was that they had new a r a m ste s in pl ce of the old ones .

’ a f r a o . But in this , Willi m s common sense once f iled him The new landlords were for the most part Norm ans the

a r E — a ra folk on the l nd we e nglish compounded of m ny st ins ,

- a an d a i an d with Anglo S xon D n sh blood , its consequent

i r m a did love of ndependence , st ong in the . The Norm ns E r a n or E a . not unde st nd the nglish , the nglish the Norm ns And almost at once the discontent which William had

ar r a a in r i e nestly desi ed to void , ﬂ med out open ebell on in

f r ar r a m en r di fe ent p ts of his new e lm . The of the No th , a a r an d i r r i lw ys stu dy in their likes d slikes , ose th ee t mes it was ﬁnally to suppress the third an d most important of their risings that William himself came North in the last

1 a r E months of 069 . The D nes we e in league with the nglish an d a r a b r and rebels , in gre t fo ce on the b nks of the Hum e — O . a a a a use Willi m whose rmy must needs h ve p ssed , hot a — r a rr ri foot , through D rrington e ched Fe yb dge to ﬁnd the

r in an d r r ar a a a a r . Ai e ﬂood , B othe ton M sh v st w ste of w te

H e' la r for r his y the e th ee weeks , spending some of time in examining the strategic possibilities of the remarkable rock like promontory which projected from the eastern side of the little town of Tatesh ale (P ontefract) into the land about the

m an r i h ad a r for adv an Aire . No who eve l ved keene eye t eous i a a ia r an d ag m lit ry sites th n Will m the Conquero , a a r a r r r a when he c ame little l te to ppo tion the No the n l nds ,

r a he gave that p omontory to Ilbert de L cy , one of his chief

a and a ra it lieuten nts , with it the strict comm nd to ise on the fortress which became and remained the strongest castle i of Northern England until its dismantlement n 1 649 .

1 4 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

E ar C nf is -a r a dw d the o essor , still non cco d nt with the

i i a had a a r suppos t on th t they been dev st ted . The e is

‘ r a a strong p esumption , then , th t when the h rrying of the

r r a a a r i a No the n l nds beg n , these m no s , be ng somewh t out

ar a an d r r a of the condemned e , the p ope ty of Ilbert de L cy ,

r we e exempted . It is from the returns known as D om esday Book that we gain such news of D arr ington an d Stapleton at that period

m s a i as can now be recovered . D o e d y Book s a record of a survey made by the commissioners of William the Conqueror — — during the years 1 085 1 086 twenty years after his victory

r nla [ f r ove Harold at Se c . It consists of two volumes di fe ent i 8 n . ar r a 2 a a size The l ge cont ins 3 le ves of p rchment , with ﬁve old fly-leaves at the beginning an d four at the end of the al ai 0 a a volume . The sm ler cont ns 45 le ves of vellum . Bl ck an d red ink are used in the writing the penmanship in the larger volume is very clear an d of ﬁne workmanship in the

i ar ara r r are smaller t is of a co ser ch cte . The e evidences a a r ri ar th t the v rious sheets we e w tten in v ious counties ,

a r a r i a r r by m ny diffe ent h nds , befo e be ng g the ed togethe ,

a r r a a at r which g the ing p ob bly took pl ce Wincheste , then

i E a a in the cap tal of ngl nd . The d te is ﬁxed the colophon at the r r in a i end of the second volume , which eco ds , L t n , that In the one thousand and eighty-sixth year from our

’ r ar a r i Lo d s Inc n tion , but the twentieth of the e gn of King i a r was a . Willi m , this desc iption m de The dut es of the commissioners appointed to make the description of the

r c ar recently conquered kingdom we e le ly deﬁned to them . i a a a r They were to nquire the n me of e ch m no , who held it in

i E ar r an d was r the t me of dw d the Confesso , who its p esent

r a r a a a possessor . They we e to sce t in how m ny hides of l nd

r r a m a a r we e the e , how m ny ploughs , how ny hom ge s

a a ll ar i f r a (feud tory ten nts) , vi eins (serfs) , cott s ( n erio ten nts) , a an d i r r a r r free ten nts , socmen ( nfe io l ndowne s) they we e

r a an d a r r also to eport how much wood , me dow , p stu e the e THE NORMAN SETTLEMENT 1 5

a and ﬁ sh on ds a an d was how m ny mills p were in the pl ce , if a h ad a r it or a a nything been t ken f om , dded to it , of l te

r a ai a its r Va h ad years . They we e to scert n wh t g oss lue been i E ar r an d a its r in the t me of dw d the Confesso , wh t p esent

al was al r r r a a v ue ﬁn ly , they we e to epo t how much l nd e ch

a o a had and if an a a a freem n r socm n , y dv nce could be m de

al in the v ue . From the entries in D om esday Book which refer to them we know what the economic values of the manors of D ar

i and a r 1 086 a rul r ngton St pleton we e in , when the Norm n e

ar a rea had been in existence twenty ye s . We hav e l dy learned what the value an d condition of these manors was

r ir a r B a i an d l hil B 1 86 U c . 0 unde the S xon holde s , ret , Als , y the value h ad fallen D arrington from £8 to 1 00 shillings i Stapleton from £4 to £3 . In D arrington the commiss one rs i l i r a a r an d found s xteen vi le ns , six bo d rs (cott ge s) , twelve

r ar a a — a ar a i ploughs , with th ee c uc tes of l nd c uc te be ng , r a ar a a i oughly spe king, the e of l nd wh ch one plough could ti1 rn a ar a - - - in ye . In St pleton they found two an d a half a a r r ar r an d c ruc tes , fou villeins , twelve bo d s , fou ploughs, an acre of meadow . And of each manor they report that i i t s now held by Ilbert de Lacy . TH E D E LACY OWNERSHI P

E know little of the old English owners of r r a r Yo kshi e l nd , but of the new No man owners

i r us a a a h sto y tells good de l . It w s to those in the immediate serv10e of the Conqueror that i r . r a the ch ef spoils of his victo y fell Yo kshire p ssed , a 111 a lmost entirety , into the h nds of the great Norman

’ a had a ra n k b rons who come in Willi m s t i , or to men li e Waltheof a r a i , who c me of the old oy l stock , but threw in the r

r r . Waltheof o f lot with the new o de of things To himself ,

a i ar r a was all the ncient house of S w d of Northumb i , given the land about Sheffield an d Hall amshire he held it but a a di a r was an d saw few ye rs , fell into sf vou , dispossessed , it u li E given to the Norm an de B s . arl Warrene got the land ﬁ r an d a a m north of Shef eld , with Conisbo ough S nd l , Tho e Rom ill s i and a . e a ra H tﬁeld The got Sk pton , with v st t cts d r o a a an a . r Cra a f l nd in Cr ven Uppe Aired le Mo e ven l nds ,

r r al an d a a at To with p ope ties in Ribblesd e , l rge est tes p r f r and Leconﬁ eld r cliffe , W essell , Spo fo th , we e bestowed

P rcies E st otvilles a r e . r on the The got Kn resbo ough , Ki by

r an d C n a . r r Moo side , otti gh m The lo dship of Holde ness , a r a a r B eurere was a r fte brief ten ncy by D ogo de , t ken f om

’ ’ an d a r r-in-law d Aum al e him given to Willi m s b othe , Odo ,

r a r r with mo e l nd in Lincolnshire , Holde ness being conside ed - but a poverty stricken place to give to anybody . The wide stretch of land which we know as the Vale of Mowbray took a a r r ra its n me in the ﬁrst inst nce f om Robe t de Mowb y ,

1 6 THE p E LACY OWNERSHIP 1 7

Gosfrid Cout ance a nephew of of , one of the Norm n bishops i iam it was r an d who followed W ll , to whom ﬁ st given , who

i r i a at r poss bly orde ed the build ng of the c stles Thi sk ,

r a ar an d i in ra Ki kby M lze d , Sl ngsby , which the Mowb y i a a was for a ra . st te kept up m ny gene t ons Wensleyd le ,

’ i r r i ia i or a r ar a e the du ing W ll m s t me very soon fte w ds , c me into possession of the Scropes Ravensworth an d Cother

r a a i i a i z stone , with othe l nds longs de Tees , nto th t of the F t

a r ar a was Hughs ; long othe p ts of the Tees , l nd held by the

B r Y o esci al B aliols . v V , the Nevilles , the uces de got M ton an a a sea- a P i r a Fossard got Mulgrave d the dj cent co st . cke in and a r ral g its v le , in which in time ose seve strongly i a and a a a for i fort ﬁed pl ces sm ll c stles , Willi m kept h mself all that part of Yorkshire remai ned Crown land for two

ar it a r hundred ye s , when bec me me ged in the Duchy of

a r B ut i r a a L ncaste . to two of his ch ef adhe ents Willi m m de grants beside which the remainder seemed comparatively i i a a B r a a ns gniﬁc nt . To Al n of et gne , whom the Norm ns

a ai and his - r Fer all - air c lled Al n , fellow B etons , g the Red H ed , he gave the wild and romantic stretch of country which is i r i i a r a . r a r nte sected by the Rive Sw le The e , ne r its p nc p l

a r i a i a r a a a r m no of G lling , Al n bu lt g e t c stle on promonto y at ran a an d was like hill the foot of which the Sw le , pre ci itous all a r was a p on sides s ve one , whe e it j oined to the l nd a arr by n ow neck . To this c astle he gave the French name which h as since been transformed into our familiar Rich

. ar a a a ar r mond A simil ch nge in n me , simil wo k in con

r was a r i r st uction , m de by the othe ch ef ecipient of Northern a i a . s was l nds , Ilbert de L cy Amongst his new pos ess ons the town and manor of what had been called until then Tatesh ale there he began the building of the great strong

' i ere a hold wh ch long c me to be known as P ontefract Castle . There is little to be learnt from history of Ilbert de Lacy i B ’ h mself . ut it is certain that he was one of the Conqueror s

i a a and a i r a i an ch ef c pt ins , th t he conducted w desp e d ng d - 1 8 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r an i a e a a a impo t t m lit ry op r tions in L nc shire and Yorkshire . The grant of land which William made to him extended

a a r r r r r al from L nc shire ove the Yo kshi e bo de , ong much of

a i r i a i i the v lley of the R ve Aire , into L ncolnshire . In dd t on to the great stronghold at Pontefract he or his immediate r l i a at a i a successo s bui t less mport nt fortresses B rw ck , ne r

in s Elm ete and at Al a Leeds , the Fore t of , mondbury , ne r

r r Hudde sﬁeld . Whethe he ever visited his manors of Dar ringt on and Stapleton we m ay well doubt near as they r ra r a a we e to Pontef ct , they we e but two p tches of l nd a r a r are mongst sco es of simil r possessions . The e but few records of the connection between the de Lacy lords an d

a i was r s a ha a D rr ngton , but it during thei w y t t the old S xon church was enl arged by the addition of the north an d south aisles : we m ay judge from this that under them the a all a ar popul tion developed . Like Norm n b ons , the de

a r a r r a L cys we e good p t ons to the Church . Robe t de L cy

a a C ia P ri r at P ra an d ra g ve l nd for the lun c o y ontef ct , he nks as a r i ia P r Nostell the form l founde of the August n n rio y of ,

r C a i a whe e , previous to the onquest , body of herm ts , h ving h ad i a r a an d . house church , ex sted During the de L cy lo d a a at P ra r ship the lre dy existing churches ontef ct , Ackwo th ,

a a r a r a r Ledsh m , Sme ton , Wome sley , B dswo th , Fe the stone , d a a r an d r a an . C stlefo d , Fryston we e dded to rep ired probably about the same time that Darrington church was was a a a r enlarged . It lso bout this time th t the chu ches of

r i a a and r — it Bi k n , C mps ll , Owston Knottingley we e built

i 1 an d r r was the age of much act v ty in church building epai . The particular de Lacy who was the principal instrument in

r was r a a 1 1 in these good wo ks p ob bly Henry , who bout 47 ,

a i a a had a ri i s t sf ction of vow which he m de du ng s ckness , founded at Barnoldswick in Craven the Cistercian house

i ear at was ra rr i a r wh ch six y s l er t nsfe ed to K rkst ll , the e to become one o f the most prosperous and powerful of English THE DE LACY OWNERSHIP 1 9

There is nothing to show that any de Lacy ever resided in - a r a . a the m no house of D rrington In th t , during the de ’ i i a r r a f . L cy ule , the lo d s b il f doubtless l ved The only probable connection between the de Lacys an d their Dar rington manor was in the matter of receiving their dues i i ir a r a h ad from t . W th the m no of St pleton they still less

a dir ect connect ion . At the time of the Domesd y survey

r a h ad al r a a a one i r Ilbe t de L cy e dy le sed St pleton to G lbe t , i a a m a a a a . a s son of D m , who y h ve been S xon No surn me a i D om esda B ook his was ppended to G lbert in y , but son as a an d r a a i a known Hugh de St pleton , the e f m ly of th t name arose which appears to have bought Stapleton out i r its r a r r ght f om No m n owne s . About the end of the

r i a a i thi teenth century th s f mily died out in the m le l ne , an d r r a i ara a arri the sole ep esent t ve , Cl de St pleton , m ed arr ar i a W en de Sc g ll , who thus bec me possessed of the a a estate . The de L cy f mily became similarly extinct its

a a arr a . a 1 00 Dar l nds , too, p ssed by m i ge In the ye r 4 r was i Sir ia i a ington in possess on of Will m F tz Willi m , who was i a r r a a e ghth in descent from his ncest ess , Alb ed de L cy ,

i r Lissours and a ra w fe of Robe t de , l st of her ce . DARRINGTON IN T H E THIRT EENTH CENTURY

HE a r a a , a s l bours of the histo i n the rch eologi t , and the antiquary enable us of this age to form something very like an accurate idea of what life would be in Darrington during the time in which

a r r r the de L cys we e its ove lo ds . Without resorting to

a a can a for r a r im gin tion , we m ke ou selves pictu e of the

a as was at a r can i vill ge it th t pe iod , we tell how t was a a a r a did rr nged , wh t its houses we e like , wh t the people ,

a ate a wh t food they , how they were clothed , how they mused

can ai i in ir themselves we see them in their d ly l fe , the r i r a ra a r el gious Obse v nces , in their gene l rel tion to the wo ld d outsi e . i a And to beg n with , the D rrington of the thirteenth — sa a a century y the very end of th t century , when its ncient ,

a r h ad r an d a r an d S xon chu ch been resto ed much lte ed , it s ﬁrst recorded vicar (Henry de Stanford) had come into — residence was vastly unlike the village which we see

-da a r a to y . It is now , like m ny Yo kshire vill ges of its type , a ra a a a an d a long st ggling pl ce , its houses , f rmste ds , cott ges

. r h a a set on either side of one main st eet . In t ose d ys it was

ara al a r as as comp tively sm l pl ce , cluste ed closely possible — ll r a all its e r . a to c nt e the church In p ob bility the houses ,

r a a or a la r whethe f rmste ds cott ges , y within th ee hundred — i r yards of the church all on the south s de . F om the ’ a r a r was boundary of Carleton to Mr . T ylo s f rm the e — probably no single house nothing at all in the sh ape of

22 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH wood a and its r was r - a , p rtly of stone , oof either of st aw th tch

or a ra r r of wood shingles n iled to the fte s . Its windows we e i in a an d r r i i i h gh the w lls , we e p ov ded w th shutters ts one

r i ar an d all da doo , wh ch opened outw ds stood open y long , was a a af a r k oa a ir a l . m ssive f i of , studded with gre t on n i s

r b ailiﬁ ar a r He e lived the , stew d , represent tive , of the lo d a r of the m no . There was little privacy for him and his a f mily . There might b e a sort of raised platform at one end

the a an d a a a a i of h ll , behind it priv te p rtment in wh ch the r membe s of the family kept their clothing in rude chests . a a an d a m an On th t pl tform in th t room the big , his wife ,

an d — ri i children slept not in bedsteads , but in p m tive

ar ra r F or all — an d ngements not unlike t oughs of wood . else

as a al — al was i for them , too , reg rds me s the h l itself din ng

r o a - dr t a a o m , dr wing room , be oom . In its cen re sl b of stone served for ﬁreplace over its ﬂoor straw or rushes was r an strewn . The e was no chimney the smoke went out of

e a t r op ning in the roof , helped by the dr ugh s , of which the e l r . off a a we e plenty To keep them the better p rt of the h l ,

' a ta estr were a ai curt ins of p y used with t pestry , too , the d s was na d as for a was al or mente the rest of the pl ce , it usu ly a whitewashed . Attached to the hall was kitchen the l and a a s — a h ad a boi ed b ked me t ro sting not come into f shion , — except am ongst epicures were carried straight from it to t e a at sat a r h common t ble , which everybody present cco d m a a . all r ing to his r nk They were the e , fro the m ster to the

r an d ak a at at n an d pighe d , they bre f sted ﬁve , dined ni e, t and at . r a e supped six And whe e they , there they slept was e r a there , no doubt , keen competition in wint to get ne r h t e ﬁre .

was r a a it was r This the g e t house of the pl ce poo enough ,

r— a rr but the houses of even the bette cl ss folk , co esponding

a a r -da r r r to the ten nt f rme s of to y , we e inﬁnitely poo e in

r i a a point of comfo t they were , ndeed , not comp r ble to the u cabins which one m ay see in Galway or Connemara . B ilt THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 2 3

a r i h ad a , of wood or of w ttle , ove wh ch mud been d ubed

r a i a and a r a they we e th tched w th str w , the e ves we e not

’ a i Wi r m n s he ght from the ground . The ndows were me e

i i r an d r i — al a sl ts , w th shutte s , we e somet mes not w ys i r was r : furn shed with a screen of cloth. The e but one oom

r i and a one end of it shelte ed the p gs , the fowls , the c ttle ;

t a low r . r hey were shut off from the f mily by hu dles He e , a i a - was a a s a s n the m nor house , the ﬁre m de on tone l id on

r and m a r a r the floo , the s oke esc ped th ough hole in the oof r floor- r was r or ra an d he e , too , the cove ing ushes dried g ss , as this was seldom changed its condition was usually filthy . B ut r a a i as was was r r poo ccommod t on this , it much supe io a r to th t found in the cots of the lower cl ass . These cots we e

r - r r an d in me e mud huts , oofed in with tu f . In them , the r r was i wa rn r bette houses , the e l ttle in the y of fu itu e the - r manor house itself could Show little in that way . The e were no ﬁxed tables a trestle-board was a luxury there r a r a r- sat r we e no ch i s ; in the m no house, folk on ough r- a ru - a benches in the bette cl ss houses, on dely f shioned

In the or . a stools cots , on stones billets of wood All like r we e badly off for the ordinary articles of domestic use . A

a r - a a few p ns, wooden bowls , ho n spoons , home m de b skets — an d brooms these were considered sufﬁ cient equipment for - B m — as for house keeping . ut every an had his knife the

and r r r i n r . women child en , they to e thei food w th their ﬁ ge s

In the matter of food they were not at all badly off . They made white bread they made another bread of a mixture

ar an d r e a i a a . had of b ley y , with l ttle whe t ﬂour dded They plenty of vegetables : outside every house an d every cot was an r i a a a enclosu e in wh ch they grew c bb ges , onions , be ns,

as had r ar a pe , leeks ; they o ch ds in which they cultiv ted a a r l a . r was a pples , pe rs , cher ies , plums The e w ys plenty of

a an d a suﬂi cienc an d b con , y of beef they boiled both , from

ar a a E a r r a was a M tinm s to ne r ste thei me t s lt . One does — not hear that they ate mutton sheep were not as common 24 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH as at an a — oxen , in this district y r te but they doubtless an d ate and l . killed their geese , their ducks , their pou try — They kept bees there were al ways bees outside every house — an d cottage and they used the honey in the same fashion

a and a a a in which we use sug r, lso m de me d from it . They

r a ale ar i b ewed sort of from b ley , but w thout using hops an was was at a if y wine drunk , it the top end of the t ble at a - the m nor house . Poor as the furnishing of these thirteenth-century houses was r al a a — a , there were th ee obj ects w ys found in e ch af a and a dist f, spindle , loom . For these people did their

an d a and a own spinning we ving , they m de their own

. r all clothes They we e dressed very much alike . The men

u a a an d wore t nics or smocks , f shioned simply of co rse linen

at a a a girdled the w ist by cincture of cloth , length of rope , or a strip of leather beneath this were hosen or tight-fitting r b eeches which came down nearly to the ankle . The women a -fittin a S an d wore closely g underg rment with long leeves , a loose Short ~ sleev ed gown above it men an d women alike a a a a a usu lly went b refoot . They went b rehe d , too ; he d a was ge r only for the fine folk .

C u r a a Like their eltic forer nne s , like the Irish pe s ntry of - da al r . to y , these people lived most entirely out of doo s The men were all day on the land the women did what work they had to do at the open door the children played about a an d a was as u for the g rdens the vill ge green . Life not d ll m ul any of them as it ay seem to us that it wo d be . They had their amusements they were chieﬂy associated with r a r a a l abour and with eligion . They l e dy kept the vill ge feast the end of harvest the end of seed-time the — completion of some special work all these gave occasion

r rr - a i E l a fo me y m k ngs of the old ng ish sort , when g mes which no Norman incursion could destroy were revived with

w r a a vigour , But it as p im rily to the Church th t they

r and . r turned for est recreation The Church , eve the poor

THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 25

’ a ar ia a a r r i h er m n s gu d n , g ve them the Sund y est , the el ef of

a r a E a r a a r holy d ys , Ch istm s , ste , the festiv l of the p t on a r a al l r a r i a — r s int , the obse v nce of the g e te fest v ls these we e blessings to folk whose lives were otherwise cast to hard an d

r i a r in ra r ir un em tting l bou . And the gene l discomfo t of the

r rr i r was a a i poo su ound ngs , the e one pl ce in the vill ge wh ch — these mediaeval folk turned to with a sure instinct the

r i r was r its ri i chu ch tself . Its doo eve open p est , l ttle ’ r off in i r a was a a bette th s wo ld s goods th n themselves , lw ys at ir r a r Dar the se vice . If we could bet ke ou selves to the rington of that day we should ﬁnd these rude an d unlettered a r l i i r and a ncesto s fu l of devot on to the r Chu ch their f ith ,

a ir r i a ar ir ai i i m king the el gion p t of the d ly l ves , lett ng no da a a i i a i y p ss without v s t to wh t they knew , with no doubt ng ,

a r r to be su e sou ce of comfort . T H E FITZ WILLIAMS AND T H E DE SCARGILLS

F the Fitz William ownership of the Manor of — D arrington we know very little scarcely more than that the place was in the possession of a branch of this famous family from about 1 400 to

1 20 . r r e are 5 The eco ds of th ir tenure very few . The Sir William Fitz William who cam e into possession by virtue

r r a a a of his descent f om Alb ed de L cy , bout the end of the

r r was a r fou teenth centu y , Knight of the Holy Sepulch e an d a scion of the great house which came into England with William the Conqueror from Normandy and Was probably allied by blood with him ; settled in Yorkshire at Sprot

r all a al i the bo ough , on the Don ; eventu y bec me lied w th family of Wentworth ; an d are now represented by the

r E a a Of ar a p esent rl Fitzwilli m . the v ious Fitz Willi ms who ’ held D arrington for a hundred-an d-twenty years history

a r tells us nothing . Doubtless they m de some imp ovement in i a m a a the conditions of v ll ge life . They y h ve begun the i a r- r al bu lding of a new m no house on the site of the p esent H l .

a n ar 1 1 6—1 But we he r nothi g of them until M ch 5 7 , when a r ia a S rotb orou h a nothe Will m Fitz Willi m , of p g , m de his r 1 1 8 was a i i was . w ll , wh ch duly proved in Ap il , 5 He the l st

a r ra and r arr m le of the elde b nch , the pe son to whom D ington passed by the provision of his will (a curious document in which there appears to have been something very like a cunni ng evasion of the then law affecting the devisin g of

r r was E za a p ope ty) one li beth Soothill , the d ughter of

28 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r a r a r r as a ce t in disc ep ncies in such eco ds we have . In ar r E i . a ra r r ch te of St John the v ngel st of Pontef ct , p ese ved at P ar a a a Woolley k , it is st ted th t Thurst n , Archbishop of

r at C a a r Yo k , dedic ed the h pel of St pleton in honou of the r a r an d a . Lo d S viou of St . John the B ptist To what chapel

i r P a r r a does th s efer For Thurst n , A chbishop of Yo k ,

r a and a a a No m n n tive of B yeux , who on his election to the northern archdiocese in 1 1 1 4 refused to acknowledge the r a a r sup em cy of the Archbishop of C nte bury , would not be

ra him and was a a consec ted by , eventu lly consecr ted by Pope Calixtus II in Rheims Cathedral ﬁve years after his

1 1 0 a in his a ar a a election , died in 4 , h ving l st ye s tt ined con siderab le notoriety by his stout defence of the privileges of his Archiepiscopal See an d his aiding and abetting of the ’ a at r r rotec monks of St . M ry s Abbey Yo k , who , unde his p

a an d C r a tion , seceded from th t house , founded the iste ci n

a a r r or a was house of Fount ins . Wh teve chu ch ch pel

a r a a ral a consecr ted , then , by Thu st n , must , n tu ly , h ve been

ra r 1 1 0 r a a a consec ted befo e 4 . But the e is ext nt will , m de

a a r ari Dar by one Thom s M nsell of C idling , in the p sh of

ar 1 6 an d ar a r rington , in the ye 39 , two hundred ﬁfty ye s fte

a r a a r the de th of Archbishop Thu st n , in which the test to , a r a i r a his fte the custom ry p ous exp ession , le ves body to be

r new a . a bu ied in the Ch ppell of St M ry Virgin , within the

’ C a arr — or as is hurch of All S ints of D ington , it spelled in the hi a a n ew a Dart n ton . will , g How could th t be ch pel which was consecrated by Thurstan somewhere before 1 1 40 The probability is that what the Woolley Char ter refers to is a a a i ch pel which , bout the beginn ng of the twelfth century ,

a a when the descendants of Hugh de St pleton held St pleton , was u at a a t r b ilt St pleton itself , possibly on the site of no he , a a a l a r a r subsequent ch pel of which we sh l he r mo e l te on , and of which there is no other record than this in this old

E a P ra . a deed of St . John the v ngelist of ontef ct The ch ntry

a l at a a a — or ch pe D rrington , in which the org n is now pl ced THE FITZ WILLIAMS AND DE SCARGILLS 29

a r i a — was i i arr r the , m spl ced w thout doubt bu lt by W en de Sc argill and Clara de Stapleton his wife towards the middle and is a r of the thirteenth century , the new ch pel eferred to i hi r is i by Thomas Mansell n s will . The e no doubt e ther

i a a r r it a that t was dedicated to Our L dy . M nsell efe s to s

ir 1 0 T istleton a ar . w the Ch pel of St . M y V gin In 5 5 one John

hi ri in i arr s . ar of D ington , left body to be bu ed St M y Qu re ,

r i ar r ar a r on the no th s de of the p ish chu ch . Sixty ye s l te , one William Scargill of Cridling gave direction by will that his body was to be buried in the Lady Quere of Darrin gton

i a Church . All th s would seem to show th t the chapel which Archbishop Thurstan dedicated at some time of his epis copate was not the Lady Chapel which the Scargills built

r i a i r at a on the no th s de of D rr ngton Chu ch , but one St pleton

r an ar a r r r itself , long befo e y Sc gill c me the e . All eco d of — any such chapel is gone but the Lady Chapel of D arrington will be a memorial of Warren de Scargill and his wife Clara for a ra i m ny gene t ons yet to come . T H E FRIARS

NE feature of D ar rington village life during the thirteenth an d four teenth centuries must not escape notice if we wish to know what manner of i our r a r i i it i i l fe fo ef the s l ved . Ly ng as does w th n — three miles of P ontefract at that period the second largest

r r an d r a i a — arri town in Yo kshi e , one of g e t mport nce D ngton , in i its i ri a a common w th ne ghbou ng vill ges , must often h ve i riar P . ra at an i r been vis ted by the F s ontef ct , y t me f om

a r a r a the d ys of Hen y de L cy until the time of the Refo m tion , was nl a a r ia an d i a r not o y gre t comme c l m lit ry cent e , but r a i . r were four r one of much eligious ctivity The e / el gious

an d r r i a r houses in the town , fou eligious hosp t ls . Hen y de Lacy founded a Cluniac P riory there in his day Edm und a a r a i at i de L cy , successo , est bl shed there , the junct on of

r a a P ra r r the o ds le ding into ontef ct , one f om Ackwo th , the

r r a a an d for r r othe f om D rrington , house church the O de of

riar P r a r a o as B a F e che s (Dominic ns) , commonly kn wn l ck r ai foun da Friars from the colou of their habits . He l d the - i n r a . tion stone himself , in ho ou of Our L dy , of St Domin c ,

i r a an d . a of St R ch rd of Wyche , his own old tuto , himself i 1 1 i a was C r 2 2 . Dom nic n , who Bishop of h chester f om 44 to 53 was a Ca i r a And there , too , house of rmelites (Wh te F i rs)

a r a a a an d a an d nothe of Fr ncisc ns (Grey Fri rs) , with the l st

arr a r as a iar D ington folk of th t time we e , without doubt , f mil as the people of our modern slums are with the street preachers of the Salvation Army . 30 THE FRIARS 3 1

ra a F ratres M inores— e r r r The F ncisc ns ( The L sse B eth en) ,

Fra i i a founded by St . nc s of Assis e rly in the thirteenth a E a 1 2 2 and r a ra a century , c me to ngl nd in 4 sp e d g du lly i a over the country . Ult m tely they were divided into seven a i — at Ca r ri r W rdensh ps London , mb idge , B stol , Oxfo d , a r r and r t e at P a t Newc stle, Wo ceste , Yo k h house ontefr c , i o r was r r . r a was a of c u se , unde the Yo k custody Thei h b t

ar r a i an d a co se b own cloth gown , with po nted hood short cloak the gown was girded with a knotted cord always a ia r was a . they went b refoot Wh t their spec l wo k , let

Dr esso r ar was an i a E a i . J pp tell us The F i it ner nt v ngel st , was a r a r r always on the move . He p e che of ighteous i i H a a an d . a ness . e lifted up his vo ce g nst sin wrong S ve

i a r i ri y ourselves from th s untow rd gene at on he c ed . Save yourselves from the wrath to come Without the

a da a i an all loss of y , the new postles of poverty , of p ty , of ra r an d emb cing love , went fo th by two two to build up the u lirn r r s b el ra . Chu ch of God . Theology they we e y igno nt of E a r m a r of r ra an d r xcept th t they we e ste s _ eve y ph se wo d

i -in—ra was ar r a in the Gospels , the r stock t de sc cely mo e th n that of an average candidate for Anglican orders but to

a and all r was sirn l ever thin r e ch of them Ch ist p y y g. If eve a a C — r men h ve pre ched hrist these men did Ch ist , nothing

a an d a an d a but Christ , the Alph the Omeg , the ﬁrst the l st , an d h d . a had the beginning the end They no system , they “ i a ni i no v ews , they comb ted no opi ons , they took no s de . Let the di alecticians dispute about this nice distinction or r conhi h that . The e be no doubt that Christ ad died an d ri and was al for r . r was a for sen , ive evermo e The e no pl ce

r r or i i r was a r i i i cont ove sy op n ons when he e me e s mple , nd s

utab le a a Did a . ra p , but most wful f ct you w nt to w ngle a a a a - P bout the spect of the f ct , the evidence , the wh t not i . ra had i i St F nc s no m ss on to argue with you . The pearl

r a ri — a or r or of g e t p ce will you h ve it , not Whethe not ,

r are i for it r for it for the e millions s ghing , c ying , dying it . 3 2 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r at an a al r a To the poo , y r te , the Gospel sh l be p e ched now ” as : The Com in o the F ri ars of old . (Jessop g f . ) It needs little exercise of the imagination to conjure up a scene which must needs have taken pl ace many a time in those days on a spring or summer evening on the bit of a i la r a common l nd wh ch y in the cent e of D rrington . The ’ a r r are a r a r d y s wo k is ove , the folk resting fter thei l bou , the children are playing about the green or round the

r r enclosu es of the poo huts . The cry goes up that the Friars are l— — r ri r r coming the folk run together he e the F a s a e . — There is not much to see in them two men in much worn an d a r a ar a a a an d st ined b own h bits , b efoot , b rehe d , l ughing

as a ir wa r jesting with the people they m ke the y th ough them , all a a a but intent the s me on their mess ge . They w nt no

i — a ar a a a a pulp t mound of e th , the top of w ll , he p of stones ,

a a i his the edge of well , nything will do . One of them beg ns preaching straight off— plain homely talk in the language of

i ar l r the people , pointed with stories wh ch his he ers wi l unde

a ri a r a r— st nd , sto es th t sometimes p ovoke loud l ughte but al and r are u r a al t k sto y f ll of bu ning enthusi sm , of ze , of

ar all a ra a e nestness , tending to the one ide l of the F ncisc n Christ the Cruciﬁ ed Whose we are and Whose you are The big folk come out of the m anor-house an d listen the vicar comes out of his Vicarage to imp art his blessin g an d give his countenance old and young listen with interest has r and a . r a e gerness And when one f i r done , the othe — and a at an a . begins neither spe ks y gre t length Short ,

a e— n a r a sh rp , forcibl o ly let the true mess ge be given , the e l r ra truth driven home strai ght to the hea t . For the F n ciscan h ad work to do when the preaching work was done . — The message is delivered to the souls now for th e bodies — Are there any sick in the place take us to them " No great medical skill goes with the brown habit an d the bare

a i a r a h as a feet , but every Fr nc sc n f i r knowledge of simples - n a and can n and a o . a d home m de ointments , bi d dress w und THE FRIARS 33

r i a Doctors of the soul , they we e often the only phys ci ns of i r ir i r the body wh ch the poo of the t me eve knew . And so an d - r i ar in out of the smoke obscu ed huts they go , the v c

i n an d r are an d w th them , the folk followi g , so es dressed ,

ri i an d in can p m tive medicines given , if noth g else be

a an i r m a bestowed , they h ve mmense eserve stock of sy p thy i all is i i an d r r r s i r . b othe l ness . When done , the e no l nge ng

i i all an d As they come sw ftly , so they go swiftly they g ve

k i a had r as noth ng . Wh t could men who enounced every thing do with anything beyond a mouthful of food an d a cup of drink P Men of all sorts became Franciscan s — and when

r a i a all r a they took the b own h b t they g ve up , not me ely l nds and ar i i for i ra i money , but le n ng tself , in the m nd of St . F nc s

r was arn as r was the e but one le ing , even the e but one ”

r a r ar all a Dr . esso was a t e su e . H dest of , s ys J pp, ( ) wh t i a i - ra an d i to do w th the e rnest , h ghly t ined , somet mes erudite convert who could not divest himself of the treasures of learning which he had amassed . Must I part with my

P ai ar i a n i ar . arr books s d the schol , w th si k ng he t C y nothing with you for your j ourney " was the inexorable

r a r ar P P a i answe . Not B evi y not even the s lms of D av d P

r ar ar an d r r Get them into you he t of he ts , p ovide you self

a r a r in o r with t e su e the heavens . Wh eve heard of Christ r a a e ding books , s ve when He opened the book in the

a u an d closed it and r a syn gog e , then went fo th to te ch the

he r world for ever P (Jessop : T Com ing of the F ri a s . ) T H E SIXTE ‘ ENTH CENTURY

UST as the researches an d investigations of historians an d archaeologists have enabled us to know the condi tions under which our forefathers lived in the thir

teenth an d r r r fou teenth centu ies, so ecent delving into the records of the p ast enables us to form a very accurate idea of what life was in a village like D arrington at

n r — an i a ri the begin ing of the sixteenth centu y mport nt pe od , when England was about to witness the most radical ch ange

i h as r i i r wh ch ever come to it du ing the whole of ts h sto y .

i i h ad a r Cond t ons ch nged . The vill age h ad alte ed in

ara a d h a a i r ra a . n d s t ppe nce The houses cots , we e , st yed — away from the centre of things there were by that time dwellings of both sorts along the main street towards the

a ra a - a a west . M ny of the mise ble mud, str w th tched c bins had gone many of the only less miserable houses of the - a had a h ad better cl ss folk gone with them . In their pl ce arisen houses an d cottages of the early Tudor style —stone

u r a l r an d r ho ses , st engthened by b u ks of timbe , oofed with

r r a was stone in the mo e p etentious ones , though th tch still in use an d continued to be used for another two hundred i h ar . r r off a r ad ye s The folk we e , ndeed , bette . L bou

a ri i i a a r its begun , in very p m t ve f shion , to sse t some of r s an d il a ight , the people consequently knew more of civ iz

an d had i a an r a tion , deﬁn te tendencies tow rds inc e sed

r a standard of personal comfo t . The v rious risings of labourers during the preceding century had exercise d some 34

36 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

and this is far from being a full account of his adv an E a . ra a a al t ges xcept in re inst nces , the gricultur labourer a his i held l nd in connection with house , wh le in most

a all r r ar ra p rishes , if not in , the e we e l ge nges of common an d r a i r i his him unenclosed fo est l nd , wh ch fu n shed fuel to

a i i ra an d an d r gr t s , where pigs m ght nge , ducks geese whe e , if aff r a was in a r Of i a he could o d cow , he no d nge be ng un ble

it an d i r a was i r i i r to feed so mpo t nt th s p iv lege cons de ed ,

a a ar th t when the commons beg n to be l gely enclosed , parliament insisted that the working-m an should not be without some piece of ground on which he could employ ’ ” hi an d hi a i s own s f m ly s industry . Al ongside the gradual improvement of the condition of the vill age folk h ad come an alteration in the housing an d i r in a ri r l ving of the people who we e utho ty ove them . By the time of Henry VII we m ay be sure that the old manor arr n h ad i a ar an d had a house of D i gton d s ppe ed , given pl ce

r a r- r to newe things . A new m no house , nothing ve y con siderab le a f r h ad r , but v stly di fe ent to the old one , risen f om

r r a r al a the g ound , p ob bly on the site of the p esent H l . Inste d

i a r a for a il it of be ng me e ssembly room the whole f m y ,

a a i i a r an d a r would be m ns on , w th m ny ooms sleeping ch mbe s an d r r i and f a a - a an d p ope k tchens o ﬁces , with st ble y rd

an d ar an d r a an d i a a stabling , g dens o ch rds , poss bly w ll to r ar a a enclose eve ything . Simil ly , new rr ngements were made about the same period for the better housin g an d

ar E r i r a an accommodation of the vic . ve y v sito who t kes

r a arr as -da obse v nt eye to D ington , it is to y , must needs be struck with one feature of it which is wellnigh unique in - E a . r r a a ngl nd He e the chu ch , the churchy rd , the tithe b rn ,

’ a ara a ara the vic r s dovecot , the Vic ge orch rd , the Vic ge ’ ’ a ar a a a r g rden , the vic s f rmste d , its fold , its l boure s cot a a a are all a a t ges , the Vic r ge itself , cont ined in one comp ct an d a a whole plot of l nd , bounded in front by the vill ge

at i ar a — is a street , the s des by two n row l nes one of which THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 37 ;

— direct entrance to churchyard an d church an d at the rear ’

a a i was r a ar r . by me dow , wh ch most p ob bly the vic s c oft It is evident that all this came by no chance happening it was i an d r a i i is a at m r of set des gn , the p ob b l ty th t so e pe iod — not very long before the Reformation possibly during the r i r r had e gn of Hen y VII , when the count y become settled — after the turmoil of the Wars of the Roses the vicars of

arri i in al ar the D ngton , unt l then lodged some sm l house ne

r r in i a i chu ch , we e put possess on of the plot of l nd on wh ch

a r- ar ia al h ad i its the m no house of e ly med ev ism stood , w th

i i an d and a a a bu ld ngs outhouses , th t wh t then must h ve seemed a model ecclesiastical establishment was set up i to the greater comfort of the clergy who enj oyed t .

r h ad b i ar arri r al i i The e een v c s of D ngton , fo m ly nst tuted

r as a i ara i 1 2 81 i r to the chu ch V c ge , s nce we w ll p esently

r as far as can r i r see who they we e , we , f om the l st of thei

a and a r r i ir a n mes the d tes of thei se v ce . We know the n mes , at any rate we even know the names of one or two of the priests who had served the old Saxon church an d the

Norman church which h ad replaced it under the de Lacys . What manner of men were these m edim v al vicars of D ar ri P S ri r a i r ngton ome w te s , who h ve no s ngle good wo d to say of the Middle Ages an d the centuries which immediately

a i ar i succeeded them , c ll ng them indeed the D k Ages , in sp te of the fact that they produced some of the best of our

E i a i i ra r ra an d a in ngl sh ch evement in l te tu e , in c ft , not bly ar i r a r r l r ch tectu e , would tell us th t they we e ude , un ette ed ,

r i i l - a did supe st t ous , ﬁt on y to mumble dog L tin which they

r a an d r i a al not unde st nd , ve y l ttle bove the intellectu level

a a a a r a m a of the pe s nts mongst whom they l bou ed . Th t y

i at a re be dism ssed once s a farrago of nonsense . The searches of the modern school of historians have proved to us of this generation that the vill age priest of the pre Reformation period was quite as well ﬁtted for his duties as an r a am a r a ri B ut y cle gym n who c e fte th t pe od . in one 38 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH respect there was indeed little difference between him and the vill age folk to whom he ministered he was little better off a r in the goods of this world th n they we e . An Act of

P arliament (the z ud of the 2 n d) of the tim e i of Henry V — (1 41 3 1 422) ﬁxed what it c alled the wages of the p arish r at 6 8d 5 . . a a a a p iest £5 ye r , except in cert in inst nces ,

r a r i i a a whe e , by speci l pe miss on of the d oces n , the mount

a 6 i a n might be incre sed to £ . Th s , roughly spe ki g , is equivalen t to about £60 to £70 of our money ; the pre a r r was a a Reform tion priest , the efo e , but few shillings week r off a a r h d n . a o bette th n the l boure But he wife to keep , an d a e an d m a a r no children to educ t , we y cco dingly look as at an ra r a u a upon him being in y te comfo t ble circ mst nces ,

a r ar d a hi an as s a . with his g rden , his o ch d , , in this c se , f rm He was the sort of half-way m an between the lord of the ’ a an d a r a was m nor the m nor s men , but his wo k in those d ys r l an as a d was a a . pu ely ecclesi tic , done m inly bout his church We cannot tell with precision what a pre-Reformation

a ar a a h ad ara can vic r of D rington ctu lly in his Vic ge , but we form a very good notion of his possessions from hearing what another vicar had who was similarly situated . In the

r a r r our a as a Rolls House , whe e so m ny eco ds of p st life

a r i a a r people h ve been b ought to l ght of l te ye rs , whe e so a r are a a a a r an in m ny mo e still w iting ex min tion , the e is v entor an d a a a y of the goods ch ttels of one Rich rd M ster, was r or ar clerk , who recto vic of Aldington , in Kent , in the n af an ﬁrst part of the reign of He ry VIII . It fords us ’ interesting insight into a country clergyman s belongings in those days it also gives us an idea of the siz e and arrange a r was ar a me nt of a country parson ge . The e in this p ticul r a al a a a a a u one h l , p rlour, ch mber opening out of the p rlo r , ’ a a r ar a a ch mbe over the p lour, the p rson s bedch mber, the

’ ar - a a u a p son s lodging ch mber, study , fo r other ch mbers , a an d a was a a ll- u butlery kitchen there lso l rder, mi ho se , - - i u a e . a a a boulting ho se , g rden hous Quite l rge est bl sh THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 39

— an d r a a was in it a ment when we e d of wh t , we see th t we have progressed a long way from the days when even the , r a m an a r- h ad a r r a g e t of the m no house not even p ope t ble ,

nor a air an d r a r ra decent ch , p ob bly slept on the ﬂoo , w pped

in a i ar i was up sk n . This good p son of Ald ngton well i i r r . S fu n shed . He possessed twelve s lve spoons He could how

ai a i a a a r- ch rs , t bles , cush ons , h ngings , bedste ds , fe the beds ,

r ar ar ai a i pewte , e thenw e, p nted cloths , linen , gl ss , k tchen

i r was a i — a utens ls , p esses . He m ster of much good cloth ng

i red a w a gown of violet cloth , lined w th go n of bl ck cloth ,

rr i am a i r fu ed w th l b nother of v olet , lined with g een

k n a — r sarcenet a jer y of tawny c mlet and much mo e . He had good store of provender an d meat he h ad a ﬁn e lot of

a a r a Hi r was l r . s a pou t y , f ir numbe of c ttle st ble , howeve , a i r a for his i was a a i not nyth ng ve y gr nd , geld ng l me of sp v ns ,

hi r ar as r h ad ar r and s g ey m e w ve y old . But he thirty qu te s

a an d ar ar an d a r of whe t ﬁve of b ley in his b n , in the ch mbe

i had a rat- ra for his r behind the ch mney he t p . As mo e al i a i r an d intellectu p ossess ons , he owned two p inted p ctu es a hanging on which was pinned another picture (so-called) which gave the names of all the kings of England he also h d i - i a books . When we hear t said that the pre Reformat on

l r r nl ar i ra i c e gy we e u e ned , gno nt men (wh ch would seem

ra an a a ar all a st nge , in y c se , seeing th t they were ne ly gr du

a or r i r i and a r r a tes of one othe Un ve s ty) , th t they neve e d

a i t r iari an d i r r nyth ng but heir b ev es , when we cons de furthe

a a a r ar i was r a th t this Rich rd M ste , p son of Ald ngton , me ely

i al ri da it is n r ar a typ c p est of his y, i te esting to he th t he s r an d pos essed one hund ed thirteen separate volumes . But

it is r r i a much mo e inte est ng to know th t out of these ,

r - r r — a a fo ty two volumes we e in G eek a l ngu ge which ,

a rdi ra r re- a i ar cco ng to the det cto s , no p Reform t on p son u r a co ld e d . DA RRINGTON CHUR CH : 1 53 0

' LTHOUGH the names of Henry de Lacy an d Warren de Scargill must always be kept in remembrance as those of liberal and generous a r a benef cto s to the church of D rrington , we must r r a it a a ari emembe th t , like the gre t m j ority of the p sh

m edim v al a its r n or its churches of the ges , did not owe o igin

r n or an i i al p eservation to them to y ndiv du person . Two great mistakes are still constantly made about the building

our n i a r of p arish churches . O e s th t they we e built by the

i i a i a r r . a r r r a mon st c o de s The mon st c o de s , b o dly spe k ng ,

r a a r i r r is neve built p rish chu ch in th s count y . Anothe ,

a a r r th t the squires built them . In those ges the e we e no

l i r . ar squires Who , then , did bui d the p sh chu ches of

E a r r a r ngl nd, who kept them up , who p ese ved the f b ic , — who made all the various a dditions to them outside the

a a a a a as a occ sion l gifts of priv te ch ntry , such th t of the a C a at arri arr and ara L dy h pel D ngton , given by W en Cl de

a — r a a Sc rgill who fu nished them , who m de them wh t they

r r a i we e befo e the Reform t on , the most completely equipped ,

a ul r E r " Dr . e5 5 0 most be utif chu ches in u ope Let J pp ,

ar ria a i a i i ui r a schol , histo n , nt qu ry , d st ng shed cle gym n of the

r E a ar u Chu ch of ngl nd , tell us The p ishes b ilt the i r r r an d a i all a n a . chu ches , the p r shes in c ses kept them ep i it was far far r rar for a In the fourteenth century , mo e e

r m an a is chu ch to be built by some rich th n it now , just because the number of rich men in the country was in

42 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a and a r the very bulw rks of their liberty , th t , howeve much

i a r a r as they m ght be in bond ge to the lo ds of the m no s ,

arishioners at an ra r an d r p , y te , they we e free men f ee

a r r i : women , in th t p opo tion did they love the r churches r at an a i r a the e , y r te , the r rights we e inviol ble . But , gr anted that the people in the villages found the money an d a al a arr r the m teri s for the f brics , who c ied out the wo k , a a an d P a a m de the pl ns , executed them Who were the ctu l r P a a an d i an d builde s The evidence is bund nt posit ve ,

r a i ar a a r is inc e s ng upon us ye by ye r , th t the wo k done upon

a r r an d r r the f b ics of our chu ches , the othe wo k done in the a r r our r e as o be utifying of the inte io of chu ch s , such the wo d a a c rving of our screens , the p inting of the lovely ﬁgures in

a r a r the p nels of those sc eens , the embroidery of the b nne s an d t r al ra ves ments , the f escoes on the w ls , the eng ving of u a a a the mon ment l crosses , the st ined gl ss in the windows , and all th at vast aggregate of artistic achievements which existed in immense profusion in our vill age churches till the frightful spoliation of those churches in the sixteenth century stripped them b are— all this was executed by local crafts

for a a men . The evidence this is ccumul ting upon us every

ar as a ar a a r a ye , one ntiqu y fter nothe succeeds in une rthing

’ - a fragments of pre Reformation churchwardens ccounts . We have actual contracts for church building an d church

ra r a repai ring undertaken by village cont cto s . We h ve the

a - ai a a ar a cost of rood screen p d to vill ge c penter, of p inting tiﬁ cers al a . a ar executed by loc rtists We ﬁnd the n mes of ,

r as auri aber or worker i n old and silver a desc ibed f , g , living in parish which coul d never have h ad five hundred inhabitants ; we find the people in another pl ace casting a new bell and making the mould for it themselves we find the blacksmith

a r a r r for r of nothe pl ce fo ging the ironwo k the church doo , or we get a p ayment entered for the carving of the bench

ﬁv e r a a o - are ends hund ed ye rs g , which bench ends to be seen in that church at the present moment . And we get DARRINGTON CHURCH 1 530 43 fairly bewildered by the astonishing wealth of Skill an d artistic taste an d aesthetic feeling which there must have

e in i E a r i i l a h ad be n th s ngl nd of ou s in t mes wh ch , ti l l tely , we

i r sa a a a ar . ssumed to be b rb ic t mes Bewilde ed , I y, bec use we cannot understand how it all came to a dead-stop in a

ra i a r ul a o single gene t on , not knowing th t the f ightf spoli ti n

r and r ar i and of our chu ches othe p ish bu ldings , the out rageous plunder of the parish gilds in the reign of E dward i a r r a a the S xth , by the horrible b nd of obbe s th t c rried on h a r f a i ra i t eir detest ble wo k , e fected such h deous oblite t on , such a clear sweep of the previous treasures that were r r r a a a ul dispe sed in rich p ofusion ove the whole l nd , th t d l despair of ever replacing what had been ruthlessly pill aged r a i and art di in crushed the spi it of the whole n t on , ed out

a E a an d i as and rur l ngl nd, K ng Whitew h Queen Ugliness ” r r P arish L e in uled sup eme for centuries . (Jessop if n b E gland efore the Great P illage . )

a was a sa Now wh t the church of D rrington like , in , y , the year of Our Lord 1 530— a highly import ant date " The present-day parishioners of D arringt on possess a beautiful

l r — t r a a exce church , intelligent y estored wi h ce t in not ble p i — r r r r t ons reve ently kept , p ope ly fu nished ; people of no more than middle age know what a contrast there is between its present appearance an d that whi ch it presented at any

r a 1 880 . time within their ecollection up to the ye r But few , if an a an a ra i can y , of them h ve y ide of the cont st wh ch truthfully be drawn between the interior appearance of the church as it is now and as it was on the eve of the Reforma i r a r t on , befo e the h nd of the spoiler fell upon it , dest oying and ravishing the pious labours of the folk who had made it

a l . it r r a be utifu Let be emembe ed, in this connection , th t

i u a had had an law those p o s l bours long the s ction of the .

a a was a By the St tute of Archbishop Peckh m , which m de in 1 280 and r a r i i r em ined in fo ce unt l the t me of Hen y VIII , the parishioners were bound to provide all necessaries for 44 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH the services of the church : a brief Of Archbishop Win C 1 0 a i sar r . helsey , issued in 3 5 , tells us wh t those neces es we e ” il an d r ai a a a i r We w l o d n , it s ys , th t the p rish one s be r all : i a bound to p ovide the following Legend , Ant phon l ,

ra a r a Or i al a a al a G yle , Ps lter , T op ry , d n e , Miss l , M nu , Ch lice ,

a a a i an d i the best Vestment with Ch suble , D lm t c , Tun cle , an d a Cope for the choir (oﬂi ces) with all their belongings a ir a a for a ( mice , g dle , m niple , stole) , the front l the High Alt r , with three cloths ; three surplices ; a rochet ; the pro cessional cross a cross to carry to the sick a thurible a l antern a bell to ring when the Body of Christ is carried to the sick a pyx of ivory or silver for the Body of Christ the Lenten veil the Rogation D ay banner the bells with their cords a. bier to carry the dead upon the Holy Water v at ; the osculatorium for the P ax ; the p aschal candle stick ; a font with its lock an d key ; the im ages in the church the image of the patron Saint in the chancel the enclosure wall of the cemetery all repairs of the nave of the

r r an d r r a r al r ar church , inte io exterio ep i s so in eg d to the images of the cruciﬁx an d of the saints an d to the glazed

all r a r an d n eces windows ep i s of books vestments , when

r r a ] an d sary . All othe matte s of the ch nce things not of

al a a r ai r r or ar an d speci greement , ppe t n to the ecto vic must

t i r i an d i i a be done a his expense . This s inst uct ve s gn ﬁc nt for a certain reason— we now know that many of these

r ar r a a a a fu nishings of the p ish church we e m de , ctu lly m de ,

ri r by the parishioners within the pa sh . The vestments we e often made by the women certai nly the women kept them

i a r a in repair with their needles . The m ges we e m de by the

a ar r i a ar r . vill ge woodc ve , often by the v ll ge c pente As to

r a ofﬁce- was the ep ir of the books , this done by skilled workers who went from place to pl ace : the sacramental

r r a r ra r vessels we e , of cou se , obt ined f om c ftsmen who wo ked

and S r was a in gold ilver, though the e very often such - - - craftsman— aurifaberﬁ in out of the way parishes where we DARRINGTON CHURCH : 1 530 4 5

a far as should certainly not ﬁnd one nowad ys . So in them la ari i r r i r r b eautiﬁ ed it y , the p sh one s fu n shed thei chu ch , ,

i it i ir a . equ pped , w th the own h nds Let us in imagination step into Darrin gton Church as it presented itself to its people at the time of which we are

in is a r— r a . spe k g It e sy to ente the chu ch , being the home

its is al a . r at of people , w ys open to them He e , the west

i a i ra i s . a r a ent nce , the Font In cco d nce w th the nc ent i i r is a n d const tut on of the chu ch , it of stone , except when it is i for a i ra i a ra be ng used the dmin st t on of the s c ment , it

it is r r r an al a r d . must w ys be cove ed , the efo e , unde lock key is r a a i i it was r r It of g e t nt qu ty he e , doubtless , long befo e ar a o it a a . the Norm ns c me , ﬁve hundred ye s g Beyond

r a and r opens out the body of the chu ch , the n ve the no th an d a : iar r as south isles the pecul p operty of the people , i i ﬁl i i a s a a . s the ch ncel th t of the vic r It led , th s body , w th

a i a ar are open benches , m de by the v ll ge c penters the ends

a i a and a a r be ut ft c rved orn mented by h ndwo k . On the

a are a i r i - w lls p int ngs , f escoes , dep cting well known scenes from Old an d New Testament history : the windows are i a ai a ﬁlled w th be utiful st ned gl ss . Some of these windows are i ra a i i r ral , l ke the mu l p int ngs , g ven up to sc iptu subjects

i i a a a a i ri some dep ct the l ves of the S ints loc l s int , St . W lf d ,

i r P a o . r . a or St ul nus , St Robert , is su e to be mongst them .

and r a a a are a Here the e , mongst the w ll p intings , memori ls an d a ra all r monuments , with not few b sses , sc upulously

an d a ai i kept bright cle n . At the end of the south sle s a side-altar between it and the southern corner of the i i a r a is . s a a ch ncel the pulp t It pl in st ucture of wood , m de ,

i a ar r r a like the benches , by the v ll ge c pente . F om the ngle

a ar i it rr di n of the ch ncel ch just beh nd , to the co espon g a a r a r r - r a ngle c oss the n ve , st etches the ood sc een th t , too , has a ari i r an d r a been m de by the p sh one s , o n mented by

. its r r r a i i them In cent e , ove the doo or g te wh ch g ves a a ] is a a r i it is ccess to the ch nce , gre t c uc ﬁx on one side of 46 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a Our a r i ﬁgure of L dy , on the othe , one of St . John on e ther i i r are a i i s de of th s g oup set two c ndlest cks with l ghts . Within the chan cel there are plain benches set against the

al a a al a a a for w ls , one on e ch side , with st l , f cing the lt r , the

at r minister the choir services on the ﬂoo , between their

are a r benches , the sl bs , with their c osses , of folk who

ai ria r i a a i a obt ned bu l befo e the h gh lt r . The h gh alt r itself stands a little away from the east wall of the chancel over

i i a a r ar n t s . a a c nopy , suppo ted by pill s Bene th this c opy

is a r and i r in i r r the pyx , vessel of silve of vo y , wh ch is ese ved

a a r the B lessed S cr ment . It is cove ed by a veil of the richest silk which the parishioners can afford ‘ in front of it is

a a th e i i Is a a suspended l mp , l ght of wh ch lw ys burning .

r a a ar is al ar are The f ont l of the lt of silk , too on the t itself set two massive c andlesticks with lights between them is

r are r il a i er i the cruciﬁx . The e mo e s k h ngings on e th s de of

al ar an d its a a ] the t c nopy on the south side of the ch nce ,

in i are a for r at close prox mity to it , the se ts the ministe s the

al ar i in i a ra a are a t , the n ches wh ch the s c ment l vessels pl ced ,

an d s i a a r r a the pi c n , into which the w te used in the ce emoni l ’ ra a a a washing of the celeb nt s h nds is poured w y . Below the lowest of the steps leading to the high al tar is the entrance from the church to the L ady Chapel there is

r a r ai a anothe entr nce from the no th sle , bene th the stone gallery-screen which stretches from the meeting of nave an d

a a a chancel to the outer turret . In the L dy Ch pel is nother a r r r r it are ltar the e , too , on eithe side of the floo ing befo e , a the effigies of Warren de Scar gill an d Clara de St pleton . k r are a Its windows , li e those of the chu ch , filled with p inted

a s— a a a a ex eri or stained gl s some of th t gl ss , fter v rious p

a a a a an d i ra has a ences t the h nds of v nd ls gno nt folk , h ppily - r an d da . been ecovered , is in the church to y There , too , — are other memorials of the Scargill family to us of this twentieth century they are lost . So much for the interior of the church as it was in the year DARRINGTON CHURCH 1 530 47

1 530 its exterior an d surroundings were just as reverently

ar a r a a r kept . Ne the b se of the towe stood gre t c oss probably in close proximity to the old sundial which is still

r nl i ar i r a a the e , u ess , indeed , the p ll wh ch suppo ts th t sundi l i in is part of the original shaft ng of the cross . And those — days all about the churchyard stood trees and those trees

m a a at a as r in r y h ve been D rrington , they often we e othe a in E a a r i a i p rishes ngl nd , f u tful c use of d spute between the

i ar and his ar i r for r i v c p ish one s , they we e somet mes cut

an d i w and r are a down , somet mes blo n down , the e c ses to be cited in which p arson an d people quarrelled over their owner i i r sh p . Upon churchyard an d green graves an d anc ent t ees

r i in 1 0 in i the chu ch tself , old even 53 , looked down s lent im r i r its i r a p ess veness . Ove h gh oof hung then the S nctus — bell in its cot a reminder to those who were not at church

a r th t the Holy Sac iﬁce was then being offered for them .

B ut a was a rar i for an m an a in those d ys it e th ng y , wom n , or i at r for re- r a i ch ld not to be chu ch , to these p Refo m t on

r a r r r r i i was a i i an d i al r al i fo ef the s of ou s thei el g on l v ng v t e ty , an d i a r ir ai i the ch ef f cto of the d ly l fe . T H E RE FO R MATION

HE r ra r i a a — i se ies of ext o d n ry ch nges econom c ,

al and i al ra r a r l s — i soci , pol tic the th n e igiou wh ch we have long c alled by the one comprehensive

am a i n e of the Reform t on , fell upon the people of the North of England as a sudden thunderstorm breaks on a

ar da a r i cle y . Wh teve m ght be the feeling in some parts of the — country an d it is difﬁcult to ﬁnd record of any part where — there was such feeling there was no desire for these ch anges

ar an d r a a r an d on the p t of the men of Lincoln Yo k , L nc ste

r a r a r a an d r a . Du h m , Cumbe l nd , Westmo l nd , Northumbe l nd

a a an d a r Yet the ch nge c me , c me with bewilde ing swiftness . In 1 530 England was to the outward eye the most religious country in Europe— b y 1 560 it was hard to ﬁnd any visible r i i r is r evidence of el g on in it . But the e no necessity to ente into controversial points in this place as to the why an d wherefore of the Reform ation all that is necessar y is to set a r r i a its i as down the pl in , incont ove t ble f cts of h story they affect the story of such a parish church as that of D ar rington an d the people who had made that church what it

r a a was before the Refo m tion beg n .

On a ar 1 1 an r r in C a J nu y 5, 535 , O de ouncil decl red

r a C r E a an d Henry VIII Sup eme He d of the hu ch of ngl nd , thereby set aside the spiritual jurisdiction of the Roman

P ar r Ca a ontiff . The m ty dom of the rthusi ns of the London

ar r ar al r a Ch te house , of C din Fisher , Bishop of Rocheste ,

r ir a an d a a i r an d a Yo ksh em n n t ve of Beve ley , of Sir Thom s 48

50 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

But nothing could restore to them the treasures of which the

‘ a r r r a p rish chu ches we e obbed . Th t robbery was of such a

' a a conse uences were rr ara a n ture th t its q i ep ble . We t lk , a Dr esso a a l i . a a s ys J pp, with gre t de of ind gn tion of the

a a . r a a a T mm ny Ring [He refe s to ring , combin tion of notoriously unscrupulous politicians in New York ] The day will come when some one will write the story of two other rings ; the ring of the miscreants who robbed the monasteries in the reign of Henry the Eighth was the first but the ring of the r obbers who robbed the poor and helpless in the reign of Edward the Sixth was ten times worse than r i the first . The Unive s ties only just esc aped t he general confiscation : the friendly societies and benefit clubs an d i the guilds d d n ot escape . The accumul ated weal th of

an d a r centuries , their houses l nds , their money , thei vessels

an d i a i an d of silver the r vessels of gold , their nc ent cups

and a r a r an d a goblets s lvers , even to their ve y ch i s t bles ,

r all r an d a a an d all we e set down in invento ies c t logues ,

’ a r r ar a a swept into the gre t obbe s ho d . L st , but not le st ,

i a an d a the mmense tre sures in the churches , the j oy bo st of

m an a an d E a da da every , wom n , child in ngl nd , who y by y an d week by week assembled to worship in the old houses

an d a r had il an d of God , which they their f the s bu t , whose an d a i an d a i an d a r every vestment ch l ce , c ndlest ck b nne ,

a an d e an d an d i a an d a ar an d org ns b lls , picture m ge , lt

r as r an d ar sh ine , they looked upon thei own , p t of their

r r — all r r a a r r bi th ight these we e to n w y by the udest spoile s ,

a off i r r and f an d c rted , they knew not wh the , with jee s sco fs

a ar rai a han d ‘ or his rib ld shoutings , while none d ed se let voice be heard above the whisper of a prayer of bitter grief

: P a rish Life in E n land before the an d agony . (Jessop g

re t la G a P il ge . ) — It is a common mistake to suppose as so many people — do suppose th at during the reign of Mary what is called

i was re- a s a r i the Old Rel gion fully est bli hed , th t the el gious THE REFORMATION 51

a and r an d i a orders returned to bbey p iory , convent hosp t l , and that the parish churches were again put on their old i i i r a r i a a . r foot ng . No g e te m st ke could be m de The el g ous orders woul d have h ad nothing but rooﬂess Cloisters an d

‘ ruinous churches to go to the parish churches were sacked

T h e a can a for a beyond repair . best th t be s id the st te of things between 1 553 and 1 558 is that they were in a com da ran r a i ar i r da . plex on , v y ng f om y to y, of st ge unce t inty But after the accessi on of Elizabeth uncertainty there was a a . , none The folk of the North lw ys . slow to give in when a a o a an d supporting Wh t they know to be g od c use , one

ar i a ar a ia a ai p t cul rly ende ed to them by long ssoc tion , g n t a i f a e . O rose in . revolt on beh lf of h old f ith But the R sing ’ the North in Elizabeth s time was as hopeless as the P ilgrim ’ r - age of Grace had been in her fathe s . Hundreds of lay folk ” t a an d ri a f r a . a su fe ed the g llows , p ests , s ys Dr R ine ,

r r i r r we e hunted down like ve m n . The p isons we e full , and the vindictive proceedings were especially severe in the centre of Yorkshire according to the records nearly nine hundred adherents of the ancient religion were executed at r a a r r an d To cliff Wethe by , T dc ste , Boroughb idge , p between

a a an d Ma 1 0 a i a r the J nu ry y of 57 , the ye r follow ng fte the i a a r . t was all r and ari l st rmed p otest And so ove , the p sh

a i all r a r was a church of D rrington , l ke othe p rish chu ches ,

a a . r was a . in ch nged pl ce The e nothing of be uty left it . — ’ The three-hundred years epoch of irreve rence and neglect — - had set in the carefully kept House of God became a an d a i wilderness of dirt desol t on . Its old vicars would not it a m a have known . Th t we y make one more small effort

n r to keep their memory gree , let us he e set down the names re— ati ar of those p Reform on vic s . They were Under the

a r a r r a n p t on ge of the A chbishop of Yo k , by l pse , He ry de

a r d b a th 1 2 81 r a r St nfo d , institute Fe ru ry 7 , unde the p t on a e of P r r and P ra Secroft g the io Convent of ontef ct , John de ,

2 th 1 1 and a who was April 5 , 3 3 , John de W keﬁeld , for some 52 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH reason deprived of the living under the patronage of

E ar r C r i 2 2n d King dw d II , Roge de o by , nstituted October ,

1 26 r a r a of E ar as r 3 ; unde the p t on ge King dw d III , holde of

r an d C P ra the rights of the Prio onvent of ontef ct , John

Tour e i 2 8th 1 r B roth art on g , nstituted July , 349 Roge de ,

r 2 th 1 ar r 2 rd 1 6 Octobe 9 , 349 Rich d Douke , Decembe 3 , 3 9 r a r a P r r and C P ra unde the p t on ge of the io onvent of ontef ct ,

P ra u Ma roth 1 0 and John de ontef ct , instit ted y , 4 9, John

' B osev le r i aria a is r y , espect ng whose vic te no d te known unde a a r a C in the patron ge of the De n of the F ee Ch pel of St . lement

a P ra r i Ma 2 n d the C stle of ontef ct , John Cote ell , nstituted y , 1 20 Wa nﬂete Ma I st 1 22 er r 4 John y , y , 4 Rob t Tho nton , a ar rd 1 i ia Ma 1 1 th 1 a J nu y 3 , 434 W ll m Foxe , y , 444 Thom s

Gilb erth or r 2n d 1 F nn e p, Septembe , 444 Robert y y , Novem b er 1 8 1 6 r a a a Shirwood th , 44 unde the p tron ge of Rich rd ,

a a r i r 6th 1 6 gentlem n , Robert T ylo , inst tuted Novembe , 4 4 ,

r r a to whom succeeded Robe t Gill , conce ning whom no d te

‘ is given ; under the patronage of the Prior an d Convent

P a i ia a i a 2 th of ontefr ct , W ll m H rrington , nstituted M rch 5 ,

1 6 a a 1 1 0 ar 49 Thom s H mpton , June 4th , 5 4 Rich d New th Ma 1 1 0 Frob ssher th y , y 4th , 5 5 Anthony y , June 9 , Of re— a r are 1 537 . these p Reform tion clerics the e no i memorials or tombs left in the church wh ch they served . T H E AUSTWIC K S OF P ONTEFRACT

NE of the last of the pre-Reformation burials in Darrington Church was that of Dionise or Dennis

a r a P ra a i Austwick , membe of ontef ct f mily wh ch appears to have had some intimate connection a s r i a with D rrington , po sibly by owne sh p of some sm ll a Austwicks r parcel of land or by ten ncy . The we e people of considerable irnportance in P ontefract from about the

i r m ddle of the ﬁfteenth to the end of the seventeenth centu y .

r a i a — r a r r r They we e of the tr d ng cl ss dye s , t nne s , me ce s ,

r i groce s . During their long connect on with the town they it o a a r furnished with n less th n twelve m yo s . One of the last of their family (which became extinct with Rich ard

r an d a far as al i Austwick , groce gentlem n , so the m e s de 1 6 8 was r an a i went , in 9 ) Alde m Thom s Austw ck , twice a r a was P ra M yo of Pontefr ct , who one of the eleven ontef ct Royalist Aldermen who j oined the Cavalier garrison in the Ca 1 6 and a stle in 44, went through the priv tions of the i ﬁrst s ege . There are many wills of this family amongst the York Wills the ﬁr st in which reference is m ade to Darrington is

a Austew k r th t of John Austwick (there spelled y ) , dye , of P ra hi was 2nd 1 2 an d ontef ct , w ch executed on June , 48 , r a an d i p oved by Jo n Austwick , widow , Robert Austw ck ,

r r r at B roderton B r r b othe , the executo s , , ( othe ton) , on O r 8th am a a r a r ctobe in the s e ye r . The test to , fte giving his i B s ar ir an d soul to God Alm ghty , the les ed M y the V gin , 53 54 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH all ai and the S nts of God , his body to be buried within the

ar r Of a P ra for m r p ish chu ch All S ints of ontef ct , left his o tuar a r i a a and its a r a y ho se , w th s ddle ppu ten nces . He

a an d an d a then settled his l nds tenements , p ssed on to

al r e a i l i ar sm le b quests , mongst wh ch is two shi lings to the v c

r arr i al a an of the chu ch of D ington for the h gh t r . In a ll i r a a a ro ddition to the wi , wh ch is e lly codicil , he m de p visions for the building of a chantry chapel within the

ar P ra Was r p ish church of ontef ct , but this instruction neve carried out .

u in a The will of Dennis Austwick , who is b ried D rrington

r as r r Church , is inte esting being the ﬁrst of the Yo k se ies of

ll E all a a a wi s to be written in nglish , up to th t d te h ving been

a a r u an d l m de in L tin . It is he e given in f ll , it wi l be seen

a a r a and a th t it cont ins two refe ences to D rrington , th t the second implies that at the time it was made some work of

a restoration was going on t the church .

a VIth a Feb ruari In Dei Nomine , men , the d ye of jin the ‘ iii th . r 1 . c xxx yeare of our lo d God m v . I Dionise Aust and crased b od e a wicke being feble in my y , m kes this my

r an d folo n r last will an d testament in mane fourme y g. Fi st an d b e ueathe Alm i htie I will q my soule to g God in heven , my bodie to bee buried in the P arish K yrke of Darthingt on a before the blessed roode there . Also I beque th to my

’ curate for my mortuarie according unto the K inge s acte of b e ueathe K rke workes hys P arliament . Also I q unto the y ii iii b e ueathe a hi n s d . of Dart ngto j . j Also I q unto Thom s an d ai a Austwicke . , my sone , xxs , he to cl m then to h ve no a Austwicke more of my goodes . Also I gif unto Rich rd , my

an d a e b icause a sone , xxs . to h v no more of my goodes I h ve

v en certa ne a Castleforthe gy unto hymn y l ndes in being in , t o b ym an d to his heyres lyke as appereth in one scedule a an nexed to a deade of Feoffam ente maid unto Robt . Ad m m a i a r an d odr e m oo . Ite . I will th t the g lde m iste s of

i vii d i e . Corpus Cristi have v s . j . w che I borrowed of them THE AUSTWICK S OF PONTEFRACT 55

The residewe of al l my goodes not before gyv en I gyf theme frelie wtout any hurte unto their conscience to bring me

’ furthe the daye of my b eriall and to dispose for my saule as they shall thinke beste ; wiche persons I nam e an d make

executours fulf ll a is i my to y thys my will , th t to w tte ,

H ste and E H rste dou ht r Th es i r e . John y liz y , my g y be ng witeness hi l and r m n de Sir r of t s my wi l t ue y , Robe t Longley ,

r Cri r B radforde a : H err son p este ; stofe , gentlem n Hughe y

witnesse r a a an d oder moo . In he eof I h ve sette my se le ” ar a the daye and ye e bove . It will be observed that there is a difference in the Mortuary of John Austwick in 1 482 an d that of Dennis Austwick

ar was a r in 1 533 . The mortu y p esent made at death to the i ar . a a was incumbent of the p sh Leg lly , in the old d ys , it ’ a a a h ad a it the de d m n s second best be st , but custom m de

a for a a r a a i i usu l test to to le ve wh t he l ked . Th s led to

if r and in 1 2 a much d fe ence of opinion , 5 9, the mortu ry , as it had was a P ar ia an d a been , bolished by Act of l ment , al for r a was i i sliding sc e its futu e p yment nst tuted . If the

a an a was r 6 1 d i v lue of est te unde £ 3s . 4 . noth ng was to be

ai r 0 r ua was 5 d . r p d ; if unde £3 , the mo t ry to be 3 4 . if unde 0 a 0 was 1 0 i 5 . h r £4 , bove £4 , it to be No ghe as r mortuary w pe mitted . The mortuary of Dennis Aust wick in 1 533 would accordingly depend on the value of his

’ a and in a a est te , could no c se be equ l to the worth of John s its a and r horse with s ddle b idle . T H E WE NTB RI DGE CH ANTRY

LTHOUGH the ancient church of D arrington served as parish church to the outlying townships

r i a and Wentb rid e of C idl ng, St pleton , g , there appears to be no doubt that for some time previous to the Reformation there had been a chapel an d

a at Wentb ri r at an ra ch ntry dge itself . The e is y te one i r r deﬁn te efe ence to the existence of such a chapel . Amongst the religious houses suppressed between 1 537 an d 1 540 was

C a P r at P ra the luni c iory of St . John ontef ct , which stood ar very ne the site of the present railway station at Monkhill .

a was a was Its l st Prior one J mes Thwaites . He not only ’ r a Prio of St . John s ; he was also Dean of the ch pel of

. r n P ra Ca . St Clement , in the p eci cts of ontef ct stle When

i r P r r a was the rel gious houses we e dissolved , io Thw ites a r a hi s ﬁ a an d r a llowed to et in of ce of De n , he p ob bly lived

e i a r i An d eith r w thin the C stle o n the town itself . on the

1 r 1 a his ll an d a 3th Octobe , 545 , he m de wi , he must h ve died

a r a was r at r a r soon fte m king it , for it p oved Yo k bout th ee

a r— il a a weeks l te October 3 1 . In this w l J mes Thw ites makes several charitable bequests . He left sums of money to various churches in the neighbourhood : to D arrington

r Chu ch he bequeathed ten shillings . Then comes the

i a Sir dist nct reference to Wentb ridge . I beque th to Hugh

r Wentb rid e a a Moseley , p iest of g , to sing for me whole ye r ” irn li tb ri 1 . a es at Wen d e . . d g , £4 3s 4 Now this cle rly p that there was at that time at Wentb ridge a chapel an d a 56

THE WENTB RIDGE CHANTRY 57

i r a a h d in pr est to se ve it . How long such ch pel a been

’ i i S P ri r Thwaites s existence there s noth ng to how . But o

a arr i a bequest had sm ll chance of being c ied out . W thin

a i an d r his P ar ia few weeks of the m k ng p oving of will , the l i 2 rd r 1 a r ment wh ch met on 3 Novembe , 545, p ssed the ﬁ st

for i i a an d Wentb rid e Act the D ssolut on of the Ch ntries , the g

i is a was a a a . ch pel , no doubt , soon fterw rds d sm ntled It a it ar r ri supposed th t stood ne the p esent b dge , on the south

a ri r at a a a a i b nk of the ve , pl ce still m rked by some nc ent

and it is a a r al a r stumps of yew , m tte of loc legend th t the e

r - a a ar it an d a its we e forty two yews m rsh lled ound , th t foundations were plainly dis cernible within the memory of m it an d i i an . ts r l ving But of , of Sir Hugh Mosely , p iest , we know no more that is certain than the will of thelast

P r r P ra can io of ontef ct tell us . STAP LETON AND TH E HOLGAT E FAMILY

ETWEEN the Manor of Stapleton an d one of the leading ﬁgures of the new order of things that followed the general upheaval of the middle of the

a r an d r k sixteenth century , cu ious inte esting lin existed for many years . The successors of Warren de Scargill an d his wife Clara de Stapleton held Stapleton until — the end of the ﬁfteenth century possibly a little longer .

a a r a r How it p assed w y f om th t family is not known . The e — — are few if any really deﬁnite particulars of its history

1 1 ' between 1 500 and 545 . But between 545 and 1 560 we hear of four separate persons who held property in Staple

— r a r as a ton they we e B rtholomew Methley , desc ibed

H lds o h r P a ou w rt . a gentlem n ; Robert , cle k ; John St ul ;

r th r Neweth ia an d Robe t Newe . F om Robert one Will m a i a a a l Sc rg ll , most likely descend nt of the old f mi y , bought a r at a 1 60 a a small p rcel of prope ty St pleton in 5 . But bout a r m an a a a this time nothe , be ring n me very well known in

r at a a Yo kshire th t period, comes on the scene , who beg n

a r and an a an d h ad buying up the m no l ds of St pleton , succeeded before the end of the century (he and his imme a r at an ra di te successo , y te) in becoming possessed of the as a ra a P ra a was whole . He w t desm n of ontef ct his n me

a a was a Thom s Holg te , the nephew of the f mous w a a r r . as Robert Holg te , A chbishop of Yo k He lso his ’ r an d an d was uncle s sole executo his heir , it doubtless with the money left to him by the Archbishop that the man or and lands of Stapleton were purchased . 58 STAPLETON AND THE HOLGATE FAMILY 59

er a r i r was an i r i Rob t Holg te , A chb shop of Yo k , nte est ng i r i a a a ar ndividual . Du ing his t me he pl yed good m ny p ts was on the troubled stage of those unsettled years . He of — no particular advantage of birth his people were probably

ar r or a at r r i was f me s , tr desfolk , Hemswo th , whe e he h mself d ﬁr a a i r . a e a an bo n He bec m monk , when we st he r nyth ng r him was Pr r a E a notewo thy of he io of W tton , in the st Riding— the l argest an d most important of the religious i Sem rin houses which followed the rule of St . G lbert of p g ham and at i i h ad a r i r , the time of the D ssolut on ve y cons de

a r r as i of a af . ble evenue . Afte wards he w B shop Ll nd f He

an i t a a r i an d took mpor nt p rt in the dest uct ve movement ,

a r i r had he bec me A chb shop of Yo k . But he been con nected with York before he was c alled upon to rule the

r i in 1 1 i northe n Archd ocese , 545 . In 537 the Counc l of the

r was was in f a a m i No th founded . It e fect loc l co m ttee of

P r C l and was ri the the ivy ounci , its object to supe ntend affairs of the northern counties as regards the administration

i i a and of just ce , the collect on of t xes , the defence of the ’ King s authority in what had of late been a troublesome an d

r-a a a a was a a a not ove men ble p rt of the re lm . It to t ke g ol

r r a and a e delivery f om Hull , Yo k , Newc stle , Durh m ev ry

ar its a a r r at a in ye , but he dqu rte s we e the Guildh ll York , an d P r for was a to its esident , lodging , ssigned the house , as a for i had r now used home the blind , wh ch forme ly

’ b P r i a . elonged to the Abbot of St . M ry s The ﬁrst es dent was a r r Thom s , Duke of No folk the second , Cuthbe t Tun al i r am r a a . st l , B shop of Du h ; the thi d w s Robert Holg te

a r i ra rr r a aff r r Soon fte be ng t nsfe ed f om Ll nd to Yo k , A ch — bishop Holgate probably because he h ad no option in the

a r— ali a a a r r r i m tte en ted the ncient M no of She bu n , wh ch had belonged to the Archbishop of York for many hundreds

a a r ar i i a of ye rs , in comp ny with much othe ch ep scop l

r r a a in a for a p ope ty of gre t v lue, to Henry VIII , exch nge sm all quantity of land and a num ber of presentations and 60 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH a a a r a r dvowsons th t of D r ington , cco ding to the

Torre M S S i a 1 id be ng mongst them . In 549 Holgate d — what no English Archbishop had ever done before he married Mistress Barbara Wentworth in the parish church of - - i le at i r Adw ck Street , she the t me being bet othed to another . 1 arr a and In 554 this m i ge, his known heterodoxy , cost him his see . The Tudors had a short way with bishops who a i a an d a a bec me d st steful to them , M ry turned Holg te out of York just as summarily as her sister Elizabeth turned

r a r r her an d was out his successo , He th , who efused to c own ,

i h r e ar a r . a otherwise obnox ous to , some ye s l te But Holg te

' was r a ears of his a pe mitted to spend the l st y life in pe ce , an d he used his remaining time to good purpose by founding a i a for r at his a i a r hosp t l poo folk n t ve vill ge of Hemswo th , and in assuring the permanent g ood health an d future success of the Grammar School s which he had al ready

t i i a a r an d at a an d h s a . founded Yo k M lton , in n t ve vill ge

’ There is a further incident of Archbishop H olgate s varied and busy life which m ay ﬁtly be recorded in this place a i 2 th bec use it has a distinct local connect on . On the 4

r 1 6 1 i a af an d r Novembe , 4 , he , then B shop of Ll nd f Lo d

P r C i r sat a i esident of the ounc l of the No th , , in comp ny w th

E ar r r Sir a a k a the l of Sh ewsbu y , M rm du e Const ble , Sir

ia Sir r Sir G r a i Will m Copley , John Wentwo th , e v se Cl fton ,

a a a r a -at-Law an d ia B a thor e Thom s F irf x , Se ge nt , Will m p p ,

E an d a a adi squire , gr nd j ury composed of le ng gentlemen of

r at a a a a a Yo kshire , Donc ster, to he r ch rge of dultery brought a a a a was a e had g inst Queen K therine How rd , who , it ll ged , criminally misconducted herself with Francis Derham an d

a r a a a Thom s Culpepe , L dy Rochford being conniving p rty , at P a Ca her r in ontefr ct stle , during residence the e the u u a n at previous Aug st , her h sb nd , Ki g Henry VIII , being the time gone from Pontefract (whither he h ad come on the only visit he ever paid to Yorkshire) to stay with Sir Thomas

r a t : ar i Wentwo th Bretton The ch ge , in the opin on of STAPLETON AND THE HOLGATE FAMILY 6 1

an d his - i an d a r was Holgate fellow just ces the gr nd ju y ,

an a and r i i an d subst ti ted , on the t ue b ll wh ch they found , on a r r r r a ara i i i i nothe etu ned f om sep te nqu s t on , the young

co—r an d i r a queen , the two espondents , the conn ve , L dy

r r l ri i an d Rochfo d , we e du y t ed , found gu lty , executed

i a at r b e the two men be ng h nged Tybu n , the two women hea ded at . the Tower of London .

r i a was r in 1 00 i 1 A chb shop Holg te , who bo n 5 , d ed in 555 , an d he left all he had— save for the am ount devised for his

— a his pious benefactions to Thomas Holg te nephew .

m a a was a r P ra in an Tho s Holg te bu gess of ontef ct , who a a in 1 is ri as a r r i ssessment m de 549 desc bed me ce , wh ch

a as a ra ra r h ad probably means th t he w gene l d pe . He

arri in 1 0 a a r an d ir r m ed 54 , Is bel , d ughte he ess of Hen y

h er a a ri a a —his B utler of P ontefract . On de th he m r ed g in

was ar a r r P r r second wife M y , d ughte of Hen y owe , of No th

i r al in E a i . a a ar D ton , the st R d ng It seems p ob ble th t M y

P r r him i r at i i arria or owe b ought , e the the t me of th s m ge on

a h er a r a a . m a a the de th of f the , good de l of money It y h ve

her i i — a a r been money , ndeed , wh ch dded to wh t he got f om

i — a a a a the Archb shop bought the St pleton est te , bec use th t was ia i his an d h er i i spec lly dev sed to ch ldren , to the exclus on of the children which he had by his marriage with Isabel i B r . r a a r utle The second w fe p edece sed Thom s , who the e

o a an d r ir P ra r up n left St pleton , et ed to ontef ct , whe e he

i a Ro er ate i his r a l ved in house in p g , w th son Hen y Holg te ,

’ had his a r i in an d who continued f the s bus ness the town , is i a i whom he bel eved to h ve outl ved .

' r a a i and Whe e Thom s Holg te , nephew of the Archb shop

a a and r is ri ﬁrst Holg te owner of St pleton died , whe e he bu ed , is not known . But in the chancel of Darr ington Church there are three ﬂ at gravestones which commemorate certain — m embers of his family Thomas Holgate the younger a n d

a ri his i r H ol ates an d i K the ne w fe two Geo ge g , two w ves of

G r Hol ates are a ri i i eo ge g . There sever l e nt es n t he par sh 62 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH register relating to the baptism an d burial s of various l H o ates . ll r a a 1 62 g In the wi of Geo ge Holg te , m de in July , 3 , there is left to the Vicar of Darrington in liewe of omitted

an a a - tythes , if y such h ve beene , piece of gold of twenty two

a . r r ra r shillings v lew To his b othe F ncis , this Geo ge Hol

a al ar a his g te so left ten pounds tow ds the p yment of , ’ ra i a i ra had a F nc s s debts , the f rm wh ch F ncis (ten nted , one su oses at a l and at ‘ a pp ) St p eton , the windmill D rrington .

a i his a r H ving no ch ldren of own , the s me Geo ge Holgate

an d a ai left to George Thom s , his nephews , sons of the s d

a r r a Fr ncis, the whole p oﬁts of his own (p esum bly the home , or a e a a for a ar i est te) f rm t St pleton , their educ tion in le n ng

a a a e -one— a until they tt ined the g of twenty his wife , M ry , to h ave the tuition an d government of them during that

i a re a i per od . St pleton m ined in the possess on of the Holgate fam ily until the end of the ﬁrst quarter of the seventeenth

ur r B a a cent y , when the then owne , rtholomew Holg te , a i sold it to Sir John Savile . In ddit on to the three gr ave stones in Darrington Church there is a further memorial of the family in the parish which m ay well keep their memory

for a a ra i a i i green m ny gene t on to come , for sl ght em nence in the land near D arrington h ys is called Holgate Hill to ar r i r W this day . And in the Qu te Sess ons Reco ds of the est Riding of Yorkshire are two other memorials of a very a i at a different nature . At the Qu rter Sess ons held W keﬁeld in a a 1 6 1 r ia J nu ry , 4 , the Justices p esent being Sir Will m

a a a i E a a S vile , B ronet , Sir John R msden , Kn ght , dw rd St n E K a E a E hope , squire , John y, squire , Fr ncis Nevile , squire ,

arr E an d a r E John F er , squire , Thom s Tho nhill , squire ,

ra a a a a r F nces , wife of Thom s Holg te , gentlem n , of D r ington , was charged with assaulting and mal treating one William

r a s a an d was and Webste , the p rish con t ble , she convicted — a ﬁned ten shillings a considerable sum in those d ys . At

ar r i Larr m an ri the same Qu te Sess ons , one Jennett y , desc bed

s a a am i and a spinster , of St pleton , c e before the Just ces told

TH E P AR ISH R EGISTERS

NE of the very earliest entries in the parish registers — of D arrington a transcript of the ﬁrst six books of which h as recently been printed by the York — shire Parish Register Society records the baptism r a I t 1 a a a s 0 . of Geo ge Holg te , son of Thom s , on J nu ry , 57 Other entries of about the same date reveal the deeply interesting fact that there were then living in Darrington certain families whose successors have stood by th e old place i r . a a r r a r eve since C th rine F ob she , the d ughte of Anthony , was a in 1 0 ia was a r b ptized April , 57 Alic Scholey m r ied

a Mawde r 1 1 l i to Willi m in Novembe , 57 John Shi l to E i r a r a 1 2 . b ought his d ughte l z beth to the font in June , 57

r are— or r r — Frob ishers Sch ole s The e we e until very ecently , y an d Shillitos a da — al a in D rrington to this y line descend nts , a a r r without doubt , of the folk whose n mes beg n to be eco ded

r a i in the latte h lf of the s xteenth century . — — It is a curious fact an d a thousand pities th at we in England were slow to recogni ze the advantages of keeping a

a r r a a an d a . r system tic eco d of births , m rri ges , de ths Othe — older nations well knew the val ue of such a system . It

as a r and a w in use in ncient G eece , in ncient Rome in every Roman province there was a public ofﬁcial whose duty it Our was a r i r a and a . to keep eg ste of n mes , births , de ths neighbours of France knew better th an we did in this matter— the French registers date from the beginning of the

and a a a a an d fourteenth century , h ve lw ys been so ex ctly 64 THE PARISH REGISTERS 65

r ul and r a is far a i r ra sc up ously kept prese ved , th t it e s e to t ce the family history an d pedigree of a French peasant for ﬁve hundr ed years than it is to make out that of an English

r r i i was a for i a pee . No p ov s on m de the keep ng of p rish r i r E a 1 8 an d r ula i eg ste s in ngl nd until 53 , the eg t ons then ai r a i i for in 1 62 a B i l d down we e by no me ns ns sted upon , 5 ll c am e before P arliament which contained ordinances for the

r i a ial r r and a ia bette keep ng of p roch eco ds , m de spec l r r r i and r efe ence to the chu ch books , t tles , notes , emem — b rances of twenty-four years last past a clear reference to

ar a 1 8 all the c elessly kept en ctment of 53 . In spite of Acts

P ar ia ar r i rs — i law are of l ment , p ish eg ste wh ch in the

r r for i — r i p ope ty of the incumbent the time be ng we e , unt l

ara i r i r ar an d comp t vely ecent t mes , ve y c elessly kept looked a r an d B r his Hi stor o P arish Re isters fte , u n , in y f g , gives many instances of their having been sold by rectors an d

ar for a - a r an d for i vic s w ste p pe , even used such domest c

r as i ﬁr n d E a pu poses l ghting es a singeing geese . ven now days they are very much at the mercy of the parochial

r an d r al a ar far as cle gy , the only e s fegu d of them (so their relative value to the tracing of title to succession and property is concerned) is that all fresh entries in them are bound to be transcribed and forwarded to the Registrar ra an i Gene l . M y suggest ons for their better guardianship have been made : they ought really to be kept in a hr e

r a in r ur an d a a p oof s fe the vest y of the ch ch , to th t s fe only the incumbent and one churchwarden should have a ccess .

r r was at a i i a 1 6 No egiste kept D rr ngton unt l the ye r 5 7 . F or nearly a hundr ed years all the entries were m ade in a i L t n . In the six books which have been printed by the — Yorkshire P arish Register Society covering the period — from 1 567 to 1 81 2 there is very little more than calendars

a r a i i m ia e n d ra a arr a . of n mes in el t on to b pt s s , m g s , fune ls The names of various families of note in the neighbourhood 66 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH a ar a i — ea B olderos r ppe in some qu nt ty B les , , G eenwoods ,

H ol ates e Saviles S otherons - r are a g , L es , , but the e no p rti

lar a an . cu . r r det ils of y of them Nevertheless , f om these me e lists of nam es one m ay gather much that is of interest in relation to the nomenclatur e of the parish between the

Si an d i xteenth the e ghteenth centuries . When the registers

a a ar r a beg n to be kept , the n mes in use in D rington we e P get ,

a r ra a r l r W ge , Lynne , B nton , T ylo , Rothwel , Simpson , Hi st , Car r lli . a a te , Shi to , Frobisher , Scholey The ordin ry n mes of

E ra are at an r er the nglish ce not very evident y pe iod . Th e ar e a ri ia am — Merista Phalin Ur m ny uncommon Ch st n n es , ,

Alv are B athalin a Pheas H arrud Clem t is Troath sily , y , , y , , y r , , ah Em m ota Dee erin r are a r am Meri , , p . The e m ny odd su n es

Acarland r Awtrick B acch as a a B iarde , Ange , , , B ngy , B rche , ,

r i r Ca Castlesse Cawa t Cawv ard Coo Dlouer B e ne , rk , , p , , , ,

Du on F allice Gr m sd che a ar K nutb rown a j , , y y , H z d , , L st n P ew P riance P rothum a Roason e lesse , Mow , , , , R bot, , Scawb en d Scotchb our Shar ass a r a Thom on d , , p , T be n cle , ,

hi h m n e On e a a a W w o Woa . p , fe ture of the Christi n n mes of the ﬁr st two or three books of the registers Is their high

a — r are an cies and i sounding qu lity he e few Bettys , N Debb es , as a r a r one might expect from pu ely l bou ing society , but i a a a ar a . m ny Ros monds , Is bels , M g rets , Guys , Hughs, L onels There is one Victoria— she was the daughter of a Wentb ridge a al circa r6oo— an d r innkeeper, M rsh l , who ﬂourished the e ' a an d a Elkanor was a a a Mr . is n , who bl ck serv nt to S vile ll r an d r at r al a r a at a . bo sted no su n me He e the e , inte v s

r are r ial during the th ee centuries, entries reco ding the bur s

had a — at an ra of folk who no n me none , y te , known to those

r ra r is who buried them . The ent y A poor t velle of fairly frequent occurrence what the vicar or parish clerk who made these entries called a traveller we should call a

am an d a i are a a tr p the prob bilit es th t these unfortun tes ,

r r i i e t for r i the e being no mo e rel g ous hous s o turn to el ef , and the obligation of charity being no more insisted upon THE PARISH REGISTERS 67 .

r a r i hi hwa side since the Refo m tion , we e p cked up on the g y , i i dead from want and pr vat on . One of the most strikin g an d signiﬁcant features of our parish registers has to do with the P uritan period of English a r a at history an d government . It is const ntly fo gotten th t no period of E nglish history was there ever such ruthless religious persecution \an d intolerance as under the rule of his a r i Oliver Cromwell an d dhe ents . The Comm ttee of Religion which was appointed by the Long P arliament in — 1 641 began its operations by forbidding under penalty of — heavy ﬁne an d harsh imprisonment the use of the Book

Of P ra r r r a Common ye , eithe in public or in p iv te continued them by setting up the Directory of Public WOI‘ Shl p (P resby — — terian in form) and crowned them as far as it could b y turning bishops out of their sees an d many thousand clergy

r r i r out of their livings . Du ing the twenty yea s of th s pe iod of fanatical intolerance the parish registers were not put to — much use in a great many parishes the register books contain very few entries made between 1 641 and 1 662 in a ar a r many they dis ppe ed ltogethe . The keeping of them was a a r as r and t ken out of the h nds of such cle gy we e left ,

rar ar a r l r r given to a lay regist . M ri ges we e no onge pe formed a r a a a ra a r i a by cle gym n but by m gist te , fte the publ c tion of ’ banns with one-an d-twenty days notice to the p arish r ra as for a r r di ra egist r b ptisms , they we e seve ely scou ged . Anyone who exam in es parish registers of that period will ﬁn d that instead of the word baptized being used the word borne is in constant evidence up to 1 662 they

a ar f ari a a in will ﬁnd, too, by very c e ul comp son of d tes , th t the years immediately following the Restoration there were

ar all a a ar r adult a in ne ly p rishes , l ge numbe of b ptisms . The instances of this state of things in Yorkshire parishes are a r ir was r— at a r m ny , though Yo ksh e neve th t pe iod , at an ra — a P a as i y te hotbed of urit nism , some of the count es

ar r — B i a for i a — e r . a ne e London uck ngh m , nst nc we e To t ke 68 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a as far a a an d as if r as two p rishes p rt , of d fe ent complexions

ar ara r as a r an d reg ds the ch cte of their people , Fl mbo ough — Knaresborough From 1 641 to 1 653 no registers were kept r 1 6 1 1 660 at Flamborough . F om 4 to there is no record of

n a a i a y Vic r of Fl mborough . Some t me after the Restora i — a a r 1 660— a t on th t is , fte somebody inserted in the Fl m

r r a a a r r of bo ough egisters , then st rted g in , the eco ds two baptisms which were administered in 1 649 an d 1 652— most

a 1 6 1 1 66 1 all arria in likely in priv te . From 4 to the m ges

i a a a th s p rish were celebr ted by the local m gistrates . In the register from 1 653 to 1 662 the word baptiz ed is never

. was r a r once used It ce t inly written in the ﬁrst ent y , but the hand that wrote it crossed it out an d wrote borne

n d a r was ar ar a a . A bove it , th t wo d used thenceforw d , simil

a at a r i da st te of things existed Kn resbo ough , wh ch , in its y ,

a r had been cent e of religion . The singular mode of ’ solemnizing marriages that took pl ace during Cromwell s ” r a i a ar Histor o K n aresborou h usu p t on , s ys H grove , in his y f g , was r for r a strictly observed he e fou ye rs , during which tirne sixty-six couples were j oined together before the civil

ra r a i m agist te . The gentlemen who we e pplied to in th s

a for a a ar a a c se , the most p rt , ppe to h ve been Thom s Stock P ar r Sir a a r r a t a E s . o d le , q , of Bilton k , Thom s M uleve e , B r , i r r P ar or a r . a of Alle ton k , the M yo of R pon The b nns we e published on three separate days before the marriage

som etim es at the M arket Cross and r . , sometimes in chu ch

The following is a copy of one of the certiﬁcates March 30 . a and Lowcock 6 1 . a a 1 5 M rm duke Inm n , Prudence , both of

ar a r r da a the p ish of Kn resbo ough , we e this y m rried together at a r a ar Ripon , h ving ﬁrst been published th ee sever l m ket

a ar - a at ar a r d ys , in the m ket pl ce , Kn esborough , cco ding to i an act ar a and a . of p li ment , no except ons m de In the ”

r e a a and . p es nce of Thom s D vie , Anthony Simpson As to the actual Knaresborough Register of that period parts — of it are deliberately defaced some person at th at time THE PARISH T 6 . REGIS ERS 9 evidently of set purpose smeared quantities of ink over the

a P ges . How did Darrington fare in this respect at that period "

a is at a an a a One f ct once notice ble , on ex min tion of the register : the number of entries are not What one would expect them to be in a parish of that size during the period in question they do not compare with the entries of any — Similar pe riod— twenty years d the three hundred i ar i r r a . r s ye s in wh ch the eco ds h ve been kept Anothe , i ” the appearance of the word borne instead of bapt zed .

ar a ra B a i at a Cle ly , the S c ment of ptism fell into d suse th t

i — ra or r a ra t me . Yet st ngely enough , , pe h ps , not st ngely

i — 6 r rar was i ar at an ra r 1 . the egist the then v c y te , f om 53 A remembrance concerning his appointment appears at the beginning of the Second B ook of the Registers B e it r r Mr i ar Woodroffe Woodrov e emembe ed that . R ch d [ ] of Darrington was by the inhabitants in that parish [Pelected] an d made choice of for their register [registrar] an d on the day and year above-said come before me an d approued of

’ an d sworn e accordinge to y 6 act of p liam t in that case made an d r P B a i are p ovided [ G . y n] . Following upon th s the

r a Mr i ar Woodrov e i ar a ent ies m de by . R ch d , V c of D rrington ,

i his a in ri 1 6 r r r is unt l de th Ap l , 59 . The ﬁ st ent y ( eference

r a i dr nl is he e m de to ch l en o y) John , the son of John

P a i was ba tized 6th da a ar tr ck , p the y of J nu y The

a was ba tized as next is Rich the son of Robt . He ton [ p w ﬁr r it was— c ar — ra and borne st w itten , then le ly e sed ” xxii h a r r substituted] the jt d y of Janua y . F om that time onward until the end of 1 658 there are about eighty records r a il r . r a r el ting to ch d en In eve y c se but one , the wo d used is r i i . r s i bo ne The only ent y of bapt sm n . Latin

a r a ﬁlia a ri b a tiz at C the in Thom e Holcot , cle , p fuit nono i ” . r a r r a r die Jul j The e is cu ious ent y two ye rs afte Mr . ’ ar Woodrove s B tteric Rich d death . e e the supposed daughter of Richard Woodrov e was baptized June 1 3th 70 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

1 66 1 a ha . (The b ptisms d begun again as soon as Wood

r . a Woodr ove r 26th ove died ) Now Rich rd himself died Ap il , an d was 2 8th 1 6 an d r had buried April , 59, his wife Do othy

r a 2 rd 1 6 8 was p edece sed him , on June 3 ; 5 . Who , then ,

a su osed a r— an d was her r P Be trice , his pp d ughte who mothe

r l an r a it The egister tel s us nothing of this , y mo e th n tells a Woo us how Mr . Rich rd drov e foun d it consistent with his duty as Vicar of Darrington to leave eighty children un i a as r r . One ar a b pt zed , his own eco d shows he did fe s th t he ,

ar was was al a a - vic though he , so somewh t of time server , more disposed to fall in with the Puritan views th an to do a his pl in duty . Of the very few entries in the Darrington registers other

a arr a and a th n those of births , m i ges , de ths , one notes the a a 1 nl a and was r f ct th t in 737 o y one p rishioner died , bu ied

it— a nl ra t . r was out of Kellington Also , the e o y one fune l in the p arish churchyard that year— it was that of a poor 6 a r a r b a a ra . 1 wom n f om New M lton , p o bly t veller In 77 a — or a a r — was ffi the vic r , perh ps , the p rish cle k su ciently struck by the occurrence to note that on Saturday the 1 6th of November Joseph Wright of this town died of a Fit of the

at a at a and was b ur ed Stone the St r Inn Pontefr ct , y the

’ a r are r next d y at ﬁ ve o clock of the afternoon . The e reco ds — of two collections for the beneﬁt of other p arishes Mr . i a Woodrove a a a R ch rd , fores id , enters one of them under d te

th r 1 6 8. C our a r 9 Decembe , 5 ollected in p rish chu ch of D arrington for the rebuilding of the Church Olwastrie iis iii d [Oswestry] in the County of Sal op the summe of . j i Woodrov e r ib de . by us , Rich , ministe Teste Rich ” i C a . s Warde and Hugo Aston . hurchw rdens The other l C r Ma 8th 1 6 0 . ente ed on y , 7 Co lected in ye hurch of D arrington for ye I nhab itence of Cottonend in ye county of Northampton ye summe of two shillinges nine pence an d delivered to Michael Heaton ye constable of D arrington . A local instance of this system of collecting in churches

72 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH the had al the i i his petitioner, who thus h f Rid ng bus ed on

r B ut a r a as conce ns . wh t the esult of th t second collection w

— i a ar is ar r we do not know N chol s M tin he d of no mo e .

1 6 1 a a a at a In July , 7 , de th took pl ce D rrington which , i i ’ Mr . a a r ar . doubtless , exc ted n ne d ys inte est in the p ish

a r a r a a r ial a Alex nde Bl i , Scotsm n of much comme c st nding , was riding through the vill age on his way to London a r a E r — cco ding to some ccounts , to dinbu gh when he fell r r a a was f om his ho se in sudden ﬁt of poplexy . This on the

2 th 2 8th r a r 5 on the , neve h ving been removed f om the h r r was a i . house into w ich he c rried , he d ed The te se reco d of his obsequies shows how carelessly the registers were kept in the matter of being particul ar about proper names it is

Mr a r ar b r ed r . u ente ed Alex nde Cl e , y August But the inhabitants of D arrington h ave never wanted knowledge as r al r a i nf r a a r-b for to the e su n me of th s u o tun te p sse y , his a r a is i r widow pl ced in the chu ch monument which st ll the e , with an inscription in which she took p articul ar p ains to draw attention to her own grandeur

m m r a and i i a r tha To the e o y of th t Just Jud c ous De le , t di G n m n Mr an r B ai r piously well sposed e tle a . Alex de l of Aberdeen in Scotland Citizen and Merchant Taylor of n an d r hant a t r ra art in ran Lo don , Me c F c o to seve l p s F ce and Scotl an d Who died the 2 8th of July 1 671 in the ar his a e an n a in r m 5oth ye of g , by Apoplexy , sudde ly f ll g f o

’ his h r whi h he d hr d a a r the r a o se , of c yed t ee ys fte , to g e t is i n Mrs a B r ri h a widdow . a g ef of d sco sol te Is bell uce , B air who ha h now l , t ﬁxed

i f r his m m r n Th s Stone o Re e b a ce .

H ere s leeps ob scurely (till th at Glorious D ay Sh a disen e o his E ccli s ed C a ll v l p, p l y) A S in cere s oul wh om th ough d eath did div es t Of i e so s o on sur ris e d in a n Arrest l f p , et e t him tim e t o ut in B ai a n d b Y l f p l , y ’ A three d a s re5 it e we re are d t o die y p , ll p p Nor m a we d eem h e was with m ore h as t h urld y , Th an with Good s peed from this preposterous World

74 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

al P ra r i r a i was . n r r t w k ontef ct , eve s nce the e is y eco d of , always a town for gossip an d scandal the P ontefract folk bega n to talk about these n ewresidents— possibly somebody i ar . r r i i or he d someth ng But , eithe du ing the r l ves ,

r a r r a a ra a ve y soon fte they we e de d , t dition , s id to be

a ra P ra a founded on solid f ct , sp ng up in ontef ct bout

a ai La an d l r was a a C pt n y Solomon Dup e . It s id th t they

r i r r a i arri i ra ar we e e the membe s of the Sp n sh g son in G b lt , or r i at i a a es dents in the town , the time of the s ege of th t gre t Mediterranean fortress by the English forces under Sir

r in 1 0 a ra i ra ar Geo ge Rooke 7 4 , th t they bet yed G b lt to the

E an d a our r h ad a ar l nglish , th t Gove nment w ded uncommon y

a or r r for h ndsome pensions to them f thei se vices . So much — the legend what is of real truth is that after Solomon ’ Du ier s a 1 2 a an d p de th in 73 his widow , in cheerful

a i r generous compli nce w th his gene ous intention , built the

ar Cr at P ra i r M ket oss ontef ct , on the s te of the old C oss of

al F or r a or r Du ier h ad a St . Osw d . some e son othe p lso

r ar arr an d his a gene ous dispositions tow ds D ington , by l st will he left to the poor of the parish four acres of land at

ar a a r i C leton , ne r Sn ith , the income f om wh ch is still dis

i Mr E a “ D u ier r c ar s . t buted in h ity . His widow , liz beth p , presented to D arrington Church the communion plate which di d r 1 880 a an d a r a r se vice until cup p ten of silve , pewte

was r a a a ﬂa o n and a . g , two pl tes The cup p ob bly m de by

a ar 1 00 a i Leeds S ilversmith bout the ye 7 the p ten , wh ch

a was a bears the inscription giving the n me of the donor , m de Du ier i i 1 6 Mrs . by John F awdery of London n 70 . p d ed in

1 an d was r in a r r ar rd . 73 4, bu ied D rrington Chu ch , Feb u y 3 There is a monument in the church which commemorates herself and her husb and . — 6 0 SOCIA L AND ECONO M IC CON DITIONS : 1 550 1 5 .

HE political results of the Reformation perh aps a ffected none but the ruling classes in a really important degree its social an d economic results were at once felt by the poor folk in many disturb ” i i l i a n a a i a . ra g w ys , espec ly in the v ll ges Ru l l fe , s ys

Mr a r a hi r i tor o E n li sh . s H s Mont gue Fo dh m , in ecent y f g

Rural Life was a l af r i , gre t y fected by the supp ess on of the monasteries an d appropriation of their manors an d other a r a i l nd by Hen y VIII , he , whilst nnouncing his ntention of disposing of these estates to the honour of God an d the ’ a a r or i r we lth of the n tion , p oceeded to sell to d st ibute them a his r i r an d r r r a mongst cou t e s othe s , who in thei tu n , in m ny

a a a r r i -ﬁfteen th ar c ses , g in sold the p ope t es . One p t of

E a a r i r a a in ngl nd , some utho it es conjectu e , so ch nged h nds the course of a few years ; other writers think that far more a was a P r a as a as a l nd de lt with . ob bly m ny eight thous nd

i ri an d r ar r at a . monks , nuns , f s we e the s me time impove shed Their dependents involved in this c atastrophe m ay h ave r i a Ei i an numbe ed ten t mes s many. ghty to n nety thous d di al r rari in vidu s th own , even tempo ly , out of employ in the r a a a a i r f r cou se of few ye rs must h ve c used much m se y , su fe d an e r . r r a ara ing , pov ty Mo eove , the dis ppe nce of the ‘ a was a a r r for o at a mon steries blow to g icultu e , s me , le st ,

r a r a of the monks we e good f rme s , collecting inform tion

at an d a r a an d a a ex eri both home b o d , const ntly m king p ments with seeds introduced from other countries whilst 7 S 76 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r r a r their successo s we e , to quote Sir Thom s Mo e , covetous an d insatiable cormorants who knew little about agri culture . These new men looked to their land to provide

i an i a r i r them w th ncome they w nted to secu e money , e the r - a r r a r f om sheep f rms or f om ents . As esult , on the old

a a in a r r r mon stic l nd , even those pl ces whe e the e we e no a r r a r an d r a pp op i tions , the copyholde s othe custom ry

a at an d ra r r ten nts who held ﬁxed mode te ents , we e often

r a an d a r at r r dep ived of their l nd , le seholde s , highe ents , ” a took their pl ces .

a r ai a Nevertheless , ce t n section of the people incre sed in

a and r alr a had al we lth prospe ed . Those who e dy we th

r a it a ri was a inc e sed under the new system . Th t pe od striking exem pliﬁ cation of the fact that very often in the history of this world times come when to those who have

a an d r a a a sh ll be given , f om those who h ve not sh ll be t ken a a a i w y . The new folk who c me into the l and came ch eﬂy

’ from the towns they brought with them the townsman s

a r r r i r rr i ide s of bette houses , bette fu n shing , bette su ound ngs ,

a r a better food . The f rmhouse became greatly imp oved

r a r r was r highe st ndard of living was int oduced . The e mo e i money about people began to take life more eas ly . In the latter h alf of the sixteenth century an d ﬁrst h alf of the

all i a far seventeenth century the conditions of v ll ge life , so as a r a a r r r dl im m te i l m tte s we e conce ned , undoubte y

r — as p oved but only as regards certain folk . Just in these

a a a i a r a at our ia al d ys we h ve mill on i e cl ss one end of soc l sc e , an d a m ass of people who are always on the verge of starv a at i tion the other , so in those t mes money tended to ﬂow towards one section of the people an d away from the

i r a oppos te section . F om the time of the Reform tion onwards a new sort of poverty came into England . Up to that time the care of the poor h ad devolved upon and h ad been cheerfully carried out by the monastic orders and the Church Gilds when the monasteries were suppresse d and

78 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

ar as a u a was to was reg ded h m n being who be helped , to be

as a a a far r looked upon d ngerous qu ntity , not f om being a

ri i a a he was a c m n l of deep dye ; to be fenced bout . It mattered little that Christ h ad laid His special blessing upon the poor : folk who h ad torn the Blessed Sacrament from

a a an d r ra r the lt rs , b oken the fonts into f gments , we e not

ar for a r or likely to c e the comm nds of Ch ist , His Apostles ,

or . a was S His Church And so no pity , no ch rity , to be hown — r b at an ra to the poo in future y the community , y te if there were any private individual s who c ared to Show

a or ~ it a a a a - his ch rity p y , if the p rson c red to h ve poor box in all and — an d a church , well good the more fools he they , s id law- a r at all ul a the m ke s they , events wo d m ke the lot of the poor so hard that even crim m al s Should be better

a a i — r r tre ted . No more ch r ty for nothing hencefo th the poo m an a a r for : is p upe . He must work his dole he must

r a s . a r b e k stone , sort wool , pick hemp If he c nnot wo k ,

own a him r his p rish must keep . If he will not wo k , he must go to a house of correction where he will be half-starved an d

a a a a r s v gely punished . If he tr mps bout the count y he must be whipped from vill age t o vill age until he gets back a i as If— as a a to th t in wh ch he w born . in so m ny thous nds

a s — he a a ra of c se is child , he must be bound to t de , he must ’ e a a a a r b come th t miser ble thing , p rish prentice , wo ked to

an d a a all da . skin_ bone , fed on minimum , be ten y long a r ordham a a n Th e poor vill ge (to quote Mr . F g i ) who in the past h ad relied on the casual yet kindly ch arity of the of al was Church , or individu s, or gilds , thenceforth to be

a a an d r a r tre ted , in common with tr mps stu dy begg rs , unde

r . r a r a a seve e system Unde th t system he em ined, too ,

a a a a o r a i until ne rly hundred ye rs g , when the eviv l of rel gion E a an d P Law in ngl nd , the exposure of our iniquitous oor ’ as C ar Oliver Twi st system in such books h les Dickens s ,

a a a an d a beg n to bring bout ch nges of feeling , ttempts , i a i a at a . not even now quite s t sf ctory , new legisl t on SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 79

There are writerSwho attribute the next great upheaval — in our national life the Civil War of the Seventeenth Century— to the discontent which was spread amongst the masses of the people by the ch anged condition of things in i a a are a . the sixteenth century . They m st ken The v st m ss of the rural population of England cared no more about the questions which separated Cavalier from Roundh ead than they cared about what was going on in P oland at the same i i a r r I n ra i r t me . Few v ll ge s we e to be found the nks of e the army : the ploughman stuck to his plough; the shepherd

i a i r r r r i stood by h s Sheep . The Roy l st fo ces we e ec u ted from the aristocracy an d the squirearchy the P arlia m en tarian r a r an d i a f om the yeom n y the shopkeep ng cl ss , strengthened by a certain admixture of sour-visaged country gentlemen who were equally ready to cut a throat or sing a

al rdi all a can ar r ps m . Acco ng to th t one le n f om con

rar i la r tempo y documents , the l fe of the vil ges went on ve y

as a ri ar a arr much usu l du ng the Civil W . Let us t ke D ington as an a arri a ex mple . D ngton , so to spe k , is on the Very

r ra P ra as th eshold of P ontef ct . At ontef ct w the strongest fortress in the North of England— a castle round which more historical deeds centre than round almost any other castle E a h ar r in ngl nd . W en w b oke out between Charles I an d

P a ia P ra a was a for the rl ment , ontef ct C stle g rrisoned the King by the Royalist gentlemen of Yorkshire under Sir ar r i B 1 Rich d Lowthe of Swill ngton . etween 644 an d 1 649 it i r i — r r r a r a a w thstood th ee s eges the e we e e lly fou , if sm ll af a r in 1 6 a into ~ a c u t r c o n . a a f i 45 is t ken G e t things h ppened .

a da r in an d ar P ra All the gre t men of the y we e ound ontef ct . Newcastle was there Lord Fairfax was there his more famous son Sir Thomas was there one of the F airfaxes h ad his a ar r at an i at Car he dqu te s old house still in ex stence leton , a mile from Darrington Cromwell himself was in the neigh b ourhood for a time he wrote a long letter to the P arlia m en i in P t from Knott ngley , which he spoke of ontefract 80 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

Ca as r a r in n stle one of the st ongest g r isons the ki gdom , situated on a rock in every part of it it was here that ’ Cromwell s own particul ar soldiers ﬁr st received their

r i in soubriquet of I ons des . But all the contemporary

’ r r can i r a ar r eco ds which one ﬁnd of th s g e t ﬁve ye s st uggle , at r ar ar a i the ve y edge of its p ish bound y , one he rs noth ng of

arri or arr i i a r D ngton D ington folk be ng int m tely conce ned , n or of anything relative to the siege taking pl ace at Dar ri a a a r a ar 1 st 1 6 Sir a a ngton , s ve th t on S tu d y , M ch , 45 , M rm ’ u a al r i r had a r d ke L ngd e s eliev ng fo ce , which m rched f om

r a a arri the Oxfo d , dv nced from D ngton to Chequer Fields ,

r a a in i P ar a ar r whe e ﬁght took pl ce , wh ch the li ment y fo ces

r a an d i ar r ri r we e defe ted w thdrew tow ds Fer yb dge . The e is no mention of any D arrington m an having been kill ed

ra — at an ra in a during these Ope tions none , y te , the p rish r i s r r are ri for 1 6 eg te s , though the e two ent es in the books 43

i r a ar a r wh ch seem to el te to milit y m tte s . One is A sold er r at arr 2 8th a r y bu ied D ington M ye the othe , Another soldyer was buried at D arrington the xv iijth of a a r r are June . The n mes of these w r io s not given they probably died while their regiments or troops were passing

a i r ir r through the place . In l st of Yo ksh e gent y who took

Mr a i a War r a . . . ct ve p rt in the Civil , ecently m de by J W C a an d i in ournal o the Yorkshire Archw l y , publ shed the j f olo i cal S oci et r is i an a or g y , the e no ment on of y D rrington a m an a n w r St pleton who took sides , s vi g the then o ne of

a E ar a a difﬁ D rrington , the l of Sussex (S vile) , whose gre t culty was that he never knew which side he really wanted to

— him ar take with the usual resul t that his indecision cost de .

all can a r af a a From one g the , the f irs of the p rish went on

as al a an d r a an d very much usu , men pl nting sowing, e ping

r r a wa r m ga ne ing , in the ccustomed y , while the p i itive c annon ﬂung their balls from B aghill across the valley into the grim walls built ﬁve hundred years before by the Normans

a under Ilbert de L cy .

82 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

er a an d i w e , of course , nothing but v in fond th ngs , stinking a an d f al P r r gs putrid o f of ope y . And so a desperate dul

l r i a an d ri P ness fe l ove v ll ge life , if the hypoc te uritans ever

r a a r smiled in p iv cy it must h ve been when they eﬂected ,

a a a h ad r i with smug s tisf ction , th t they obbed the s mple folk of every j ot an d tittle of life an d colour an d wholesome

When those who govern once begin robbing those whom

r m a r a a r rob they gove n , we y be ce t in th t they neve stop bing until they have taken all that the despoiled have to

i had r y eld up . The people now been obbed of their cherished

i i an d r a an d r a i rel g on of thei p rish gilds , of thei nc ent — amusements the next thing was to rob them of their old ri a a a a r ghts to t ke g me . For thous nd yea s vill age folk h ad

r an d a i all a enj oyed the ight of killing sn r ng on common l nd , r had r a i an d a . a a a wood , w ste The e ce t inly been qu liﬁc t on

i r i ri inst tuted in the fourteenth centu y , by wh ch the ght to

- r r B ut a act kill was limited to the two pound f eeholde . th t had always been regarded as a dead letter it would indeed i a r it i have been imposs ble to c r y out . And the v llage people h ad always enj oyed the right of snaring an d ferreting an d an d h ad r a wa netting , eked out their provende in th t y i a a r w thout check . But the new cl ss of l ndholde s would have none of this they wanted the game for themselves

r a a al a for ar or poo folk , s id they , should h ve no p te h e

— for r r pheasant that was meat thei maste s . And so the seventeenth century saw this other old privilege swept a a an d e r i in w y , in the S ssions Reco ds we beg n to ﬁnd stances like that of my Lord Savile (E arl of Sussex) of

a r r for a i a D rrington , who p osecuted two poo men c tch ng couple of conies on a warren which h ad doubtless been the com mon land of their ancestors ever since Anglo-Saxon days . l r r did But with al this new gove nment of the poo , things r not work very satisfactorily for anybody . G umblings SOCIAL AND E CONOMIC CONDITIONS 83

i a there were n plenty . The new ofﬁci ls did not seem to get

ir i e i r h ad on with the bus ness . Some of them , inde d , e the

r i a for ir i or r ve y l ttle stom ch the dut es , we e Openly con

um cious i n ar r e i at t a . At the West R di g Qu te S ss ons held

a r in r 1 6 8 ar i arri Donc ste Octobe , 3 , Rich d Spe ght , of D ngton ,

a dm a an d m i Wentb rid e a a husb n n , John S th , of g , husb ndm n ,

i a arri an d Wen tb rid e r be ng Const bles of D ngton g , we e

ar a r 1 st a ar in ch ged th t they , on Octobe of th t ye , contempt i an d b ad a r e of the Just ces to the ex mple of othe p ople , r i r r ir wit efused , on be ng o de ed , to execute the ofﬁce the nesses to their offence being Elizabeth Lodge an d Thomas a it was a i ar an d r Holgate . Wh t th t R ch d John efused to do is a i i r ui not st ted they ev dently cons de ed themselves g lty ,

r howeve , for they put themselves on the clemency of the i an d r 203 . an d 1 08 . r Court , we e convicted , ﬁned espect vely ,

r r f The r r duly paid thei ﬁnes to the She i f . new ove see s of the ffi h i i r a a ad ts . poo , too , beg n to ﬁnd th t their o ce d scomforts

ar r i at r a in 1 6 0 At the Qu te Sess ons held Rothe h m July , 4 , P r r r at arr r i John ell , ove see of the poo D ington in the p ev ous

ar r a . ye , comes befo e the Justices with petition John , by

r r a r i r has r a o de of th t wo sh pful Cou t , e ected upon the w ste at a a a i i r D rrington , cott ge , w th the l cence of the lo d of the

a r a for a i a i r m no , which cott ge is the h b t t on of two poo

i has i r . s . d . a a a w dows He d sbu sed 49 4 bout th t cott ge , his is ai him and out of own pocket , which sum still unp d to ,

a his i r r a he c nnot get money . The Just ces o de th t the present overseers of the poor of the said p arish of D arrington i i r a d . a a shall fo thw th p y John the sa d 49s . 4 and sh ll put th t sum in their next lay or assessment : with which order P is i r i John ell doubtless sat sﬁed . Whether Do othy Wh te

a of arr is a i i i i in he d , D ington , s t sﬁed when the Just ces s tt ng

ua r s at P ra in ri 1 6 0 r r a Q rte Ses ions ontef ct Ap l , 4 , o de th t the churchwardens an d overseers of the poor of the parish of Darrington shall pay her one shilling a week towards provid in r and h er r i m a a e g for he self th ee young ch ldren , we y t k 84 MEMORIALS - OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a ou i a wa le ve to doubt , th gh one sh lling went long y in those a i was a d ys . Poss bly no one quite s tisﬁed with the orders

a r the m de by the Justices unde new scheme of things . There was a lot of squabbling an d bickering amongst the various parishes in rel ation to the new P oor Law adm inis

i r h trat on . r ad a rr an d The numbe of poo incre sed te ibly , every parish wanted to get rid of folk who did not belong to it ; poor folk accordingly were being perpetually moved ou— just as the homeless m an of to-day is always being i — a . r a moved on by the pol cem n But , unfo tun tely not so

for for a — a much themselves , but the p rishes m ny of them a r d could not be moved on , bec use they we e inﬁrm in bo y , or had a a i for or r lost necess ry l mb moving on , were c ipples .

had a — and ar Consequently , they to be c rried the cripple c t

a a a r a a a a bec me fe tu e , quite const nt fe ture , of the highw ys

O an d ar ar an d roads . ver the cost ch ges of these cripple c ts the p arishes were constantly quarrelling— hence such

a as in a r r pass ges these the Qu rte Sessions Reco ds . At

P ra 2 I 6 — r a r dif are ontef ct , 3 April , 39 Whe e s dive s ferences a inhab itantes a now depending mongst the of D rrington ,

Wentb ri e r w an d r r gg , Skelb ooke , Ad ick , dive s othe townes neare adjoynynge the roade way for the conveying an d carryinge of criples from Doncaster unto Ferrib rigge back ar an d forwardes an d sev erall r a w des , divers o ders h ve been m a de and conceived by this Court about the same ﬁ nall en di n e and determ n e all f r ordered g y yg of which di fe ences,

K nt a r K nt . am . that Sir John R sden , , Sir Thom s Wentwo th , ,

K an d r E s . r E ar nt . Sir dw d Rodes , , Robe t Rockley , q , fou of M ti e s i a or an S a his a just ces of pe ce , y two of them , h ll exam yne the differences or take a v iewe of the way in an r r question to conceive o de therein , the which both an d a parties are willing to submit to, the s me to be con a t m e a ﬁrmed by this court , but in the me ne y the l st order of this court is to stand in force to be obeyed by all

a p rties .

86 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r earl e them , cont ibute y y unto the said inhabitants of

Cridlin e for n g the summe of 55 . a d towardes their chardge as a re a fo s id .

a a i a a i an d It is ple s ng spect cle , this c rrying of the nﬁrm

a i a a r a the cripple long the h ghw y , p ssing them f om h nd to

a b ad and a a h nd like coin , it must h ve m de reﬂective men wonder if the pulling down of the monasteries and the r h 05 itals r had r i an d eligious p , in which the poo been el eved a had a ll a a a . the sick he led , been , fter , such very gr nd thing a r t Perh ps , howeve , men did not reﬂect very much in hose

a . m a r a t a r r d ys We y be ce t in h t the oversee s of the poo ,

a a off a r w nting to get undesir bles their h nds , did not t ouble at all a i a a to think of wh t m ght h ve been , but of wh t they h ad to do . As for the drivers an d conductors of the cripple carts \ it all r i a r wa a , took them thei t me to m ke thei y long

r a . a r the o ds For the ro ds , even unde the rigorous rule of

a r in b ad and a a u . E the Purit ns , we e perilo s st te ven then r ar i r a ra — a they we e , for the most p t , l ttle mo e th n t cks be ten ,

b ut a r ran r . it is true , be ten into mud , th ough which deep uts — Wheeled vehicles were used as little as possible most people on a an d as far as arr r rode horseb ck , they could , c ied thei

i r a a as r a a or a . w goods to m rket f r on ho seb ck The f ct , the o ds ,

’ a an d nomin lly the King s , belonged to nobody , nobody

ar a a — r r art r a c ed to t ke c re of them mo eove , the of o d

a a had r had m king , in which the Rom ns been so pe fect , been ra r a — lost . Most people , too , only t velled sho t dist nces to

or a i the nearest town m rket . Folk who were obl ged to

far a r al a ai i an d ar s travel ﬁeld we e w ys compl n ng, the p ishe were perpetually being worried to mend and improve their i a a own particular stretch of highway . Noth ng of St te

r was wa r E a or natu e done in this y unde liz beth , the ﬁrst i i ar ar s r l . Stu t , or C omwe l But in the beg nn ng of Ch les the

’ a i h ad a i Second s reign , princ ple which long been ppl ed to bridges was applied to the highways toll-bars were set up

a an d r a to r a and ch rges levied , the p oceeds pplied o d SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 87 m i r ai r a ir . r end ng Neve theless , the m n o ds of Yo ksh e r ai in a r a i i r em ned poo st te unt l the e ghteenth centu y , when the famous Blind J ack of Knaresborough (John Met calf) showed a wondering world what a sightless m an can do i a i ri n the w y of eng nee ng . T H E SAVILE FAMILY

T has been stated al ready that the Manor of D arrington passed from the Fitz William family to that of the

S aviles m arr a E a o by the i ge of liz beth S othill , the

’ a r i a a -b - arr a d ughte of W lli m Fitz Willi m s uncle y m i ge ,

a Sir H r a i r i a Thom s Soothill , with en y S v le of Tho nh ll , bout

0 a ra an d 1 52 . It rem ined in possession of various b nches connections of the Savile family for the next hundred and

i ail are a th rty years . But the det s of their possession sc nty a a a was n d not a little confusing . The ncient house of S vile split up into many branches— one gets puzzled between

S av iles r S av iles S aviles Of r of Tho nhill , of Howley , Sp ot

S aviles P r a r al a S aviles e a . bo ough , of H if x , of ont f ct Wh t is more important is the fact that the S av iles were folk of ” S aviles a oxcroft mighty distinction The , s ys Miss F , in her monumental an d learned Life and Letters of S i r George

S avile B art F irst M ar uis o H al ax are a a , , q f if , essenti lly r a ri Yo kshire f mily ; one of the most illust ous, if not the ” i r most illustrious in the West R ding of the County of Yo k , an d W a r r i r r a a she quotes hit ke , the e ud te Yo kshi e ntiqu ry , as r H i stor o Loidi s and Elm ete a obse ving , in his y f , th t the Savile race was distinguished almost above every other

r as as r an d in the County of Yo k , well by the spi it genius of

i ral a its princ pals in seve of the l ter descents . Which of the later descents it was that held D arrington between the Fitz William time an d the beginning of the reign of Charles 88

THE SAVILE FAMILY 89

— — the First about one hundred years it is difﬁ cult to m ake

B ut a at r a i i War out . we do know th t the outb e k of the C v l , D arrington had for some years belonged to the somewhat

a s E ar a a a r n a i r f mou l of Sussex , S vile who , cco di g to ped g ee

’ in i oxcroft s r r rr was M ss F wo k just efe ed to , descended dir r a an i i a ectly f om Robert S vile of Howley , illeg t m te son

ir arr E za of the S Henry Savile who m ied li beth Soothill , - co heiress of the Fitz William estates . for Of this Savile we have a good many partrculars, he was well known in his time for a variety of reasons . He

was Sir a a r a i . Thom s S vile , second Lo d S v le of Howley He was created Viscount Savile of Ca stlebar in the peerage of r a r 1 th 1 62 8 Ma 2 th 1 6 ar I el nd on June , on y 5 , 44 (the ye ’ a ar r ar of the b ttle of M ston Moo , when Ch les I s fortunes were very much on the decline) he was created E arl of h d r Sussex . Twenty years before this he a been Membe of — P arliam ent for Yorkshire— 1 623 to 1 625 -an d in 1 638 9

was r - a i he Lo d Lieutenant of the County . About th t t me

was i r r ar his a he mp isoned in the Fleet . As eg ds ttitude to i War a ar a nl the C vil , he ppe s to h ve been consistent in o y — one thing his indecision as to which cause to side with . was a r a a He not only wobble between the two c uses , but “ r c ara r— a m an ill a a pe son of doubtful h cte of so f me , “ a ar a a s ys Cl endon , th t m ny desired not to mingle with him and was a a r i or , so f lse , th t he neve could be bel eved

i r Hi sto o Hi s Own depended upon ; wh le Bu net , in his ry f

Tim es a him a r a ra , ccuses of h ving fo ged the n mes of seve l

his r r ia he of b other pee s in the negot tions with t Scots , r and substantiates his cha ge with the proofs of it . He

fi r a r r ar r held the of ce of T e su e to Ch les I , but the e is no record of his ever having held any command in the Royalist h Army . He is known to have negotiated with t e P arlia m entarian a r Sir a r r a le de , John Hoth m of Sco bo ough , bout his a at a im est tes Howley he is known , too , to h ve been

r P a a a a at a O r and p isoned by the rli ment ri ns New rk , xfo d , 90 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

E London . ventually he had to compound with the P arlia

for a and was at 8000 ment his est tes , his ﬁne ﬁxed £ , which was r - r subsequently educed by one half . Bo n in 1 590 he

i 1 6 8 a arri — ﬁrst ra d ed in 5 , h ving been twice m ed to F nces ,

a r Sir a d ughte of Mich el Sondes ; secondly , to Anne ,

a r r r r E ar d ughte of Ch istophe Villie s , l of Anglesey .

r as a a Acco ding to such evidence we h ve , this S vile bought

a r a r a as Sir D rrington f om nothe S vile , who is spoken of i a a a a r a — an a W lli m S vile of C stleb r , I el nd inst nce of how

Saviles are inﬁnitude ra r a the , of whom there of b nches , sp e d

a r a r i a themselves bout the ealm . The l nds sold we e s tu te

a Wentb rid e and a and ar in D rrington , g , Sme ton , the ye ly

al was at 0 r a r a v ue computed £20 . The pu ch se p ice greed

was 1 a is 1 r 1 upon £4 60 . The d te of the deed 2 Februa y 7 — a I 1 6 2 ar r a Ci War . of Ch rles 4 , the ye of the outb e k of the vil

all i In spite of the troublous cond tion of those times , by

1 6 6 E ar had a off 2 00 r a - 4 the l p id £ 4 of the pu ch se money , and in spite of the heavy ﬁne exacted from him by the P arliament he was evidently in full possession of his estates

at r his r a as E ar the time of his death . Afte c e tion l of

is ar him ar a o Sussex , very little he d of , but some ye s g his

was at r a r rd will found Some set House (d ted Novembe 3 , 1 6 O 8th an d r r 57 proved ctober , in it the e is set fo th that he was seised of a good estate in the manors of a a r an d E a Kirkst ll , He dingley , Burley , Mo ley , West st

r Woodkirk i r ra A dsley , , Gildersome , L ve sedge , B mley , - - a an d a cum a . a B tley , D rrington Sme ton These est tes

a E ar . p ssed to his son , the second l of Sussex He died in 1 1 i a : a 67 . With him the t tle bec me extinct the l nds a i r ra had a Ea p ssed to his s ste F nces , who m rried the rl i a r a r an d a of Card gan . A gre t numbe of the m no s l nds just mentioned remained in the possession of the E arls

Car a r a an d of dig n for two hund ed ye rs , those on the

outskirts of Leeds were sold not m any years ago . But as a a it was Ca a reg rds D rrington , sold by the rdig ns in

T H E SAVI LES AT STAP LETON

BOUT the same time that one branch of the Savile

a a r a r arr f mily cqui ed the M no of D ington , another branch became possessed of the sister

a r a r k M no of St pleton . He e again one is li e to become confused and puzzled amongst all the multi tudin ous ra a a il i a miﬁc tions of the S v e ped grees , br nches , an d r a r a r r sp e dings of themselves ove the l nd . The e we e at or about this period S aviles of a good dozen places in Yorkshire to say nothing of their connection with other

i a r r S v iles count es . In the West Riding lone the e we e a of

Blathro d a ai y , of Br dley , of Copley , of H gh , of Howley ,

a a Hullened e Lu set of H lif x , of g , of p , of Methley , of Mex r ewhall S rotb orou h a r a bo ough , of N , of p g , of W te g te , of Wath : one becomes utterly bewildered by these people

a n ew r ra r who g ve membe s to the pee ge , ministe s to the Cr n a E r r s or ow , B rons of the xcheque , p ofes s to the uni v ersities a an d a e , soldiers to the rmy , st tesmen to the Hous s

all a ar n sa of P arliam ent . And th t one can cle ly or deﬁ itely y a Saviles a bout the ﬁrst connection of the with St pleton is ,

a a r i a or th t somewhere bout the end of the e gn of J mes I , r his and r a beginning of the eign of son successo , B rtholomew a S a was a a Holg te sold it to Sir John vile , who cre ted B ron

Savile of P ontefract by Charles I in 1 628 . But we do not

ar a — he much of him in connection with St pleton no more ,

a a an a Dar indeed , th n we he r of y S vile connection with r a r rington at the same period . The e is nothing wh teve to 92 THE SAVILES AT STAPLETON 93 0 Show that any residence was ever made at D arrington by E ar n or at a r a P the l of Sussex , St pleton by Lo d S vile of onte ra is i a i if r was an at f ct . It quest on ble , ndeed , the e y house either Stapleton or D arrington in which such persons of i ali a r i at a . r qu ty could h ve es ded , th t t me The ﬁ st house ,

i s r a at arri bu lt on the ite of the p esent h ll D ngton , no doubt

r i a in r a r is i i o ig n ted Tudo d ys , but the e evidence , wh ch w ll

r b e r i a it was a r af air p esently fo thcom ng, th t ve y humble f

h a r a r- right up to the eighteenth century . W teve m no house

r was at a was al r a a r the e St pleton so , doubtless , ve y sm ll , me e

r r r a i r a a r r r count y et e t , poss bly no mo e th n so t of supe io a a in i r an d f rmste d , the m ddle of the seventeenth centu y , it is r i i ri r i and r ve y unl kely , cons de ng the t oublous t mes , thei

r r a r a Saviles i own sho t tenu e of the two m no s , th t the (of th s generation) did any building at either D arrington or Staple r is a a i ton . Nevertheless , the e some sm ll mount of l ght on

m i i r i a r and a n a a t . the m tte , one y ndulge theo y bec use of

S aviles all a a i had a r The , like gre t f mil es , lot of younge

— i i E i r i ra n a r r a . b nches folk who , pl n ngl sh , we e poo el t ons B i Saviles had r for as e ng they to be p ovided , just in these days great folk provide for their poor cousins and nephews

a a or a in by m king them est te agents stew rds . Now the Darrington parish registers of that period there are a few only a few— notices in which the Savile nam e ﬁgures ri as ia i E a s . an d such ent es John , sonne of Will m S v le , q a r 6 an a . a 2 d a a r K the ine b pt Febru ry , M ry , ye d ughte of Mr . a a a 6 an d i 2 . ro a S vile , b ptized M rch , so on The p b bil ty is— and r a ili as l r ar i p ob b ty , Bishop But e is c eful to ins st in

r i his Analo is r u fe the int oduct on to gy , the ve y g ide of li a Saviles r a i a th t these , who were ce t inly res dents in the p rish

a r r r r i r of D r ington du ing the seventeenth centu y , we e m no f r a and r dowh o fshoots of the g e t folk , we e set in these

-of- -wa a r a a out the y m no s to veget te che ply .

B e all a as it m a Sir a r a th t y , John S vile , Lo d S vile of

P nt a ha no a o o efr ct , d very long connection with nything n 94 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a a r eca e rth fte he b me possessed of his title . He died in

1 6 0 an d a a Mr s . i 3 , he left the est te to his d ughter, Anne Le gh .

r ar r The e is no mention of her in the p ish registe . She died

1 6 0 an d Sh e a in 4 , left her possessions mongst her three

r daughte s . One of those daughters married a Braithwaite

a rai a was a in a a r th t B thw ite k sm n of th t eminent pe son ,

a a i a rai a a r a m an C pt in R ch rd B thw ite , Westmo l nd who i r r a Ca ri ar i l es bu ied in the chu chy rd of tte ck , ne R ch and E l mond , who wrote , under the nglished tit e of ’ D run ken B arn a s ourne - by j y , the much discussed doggerel (in which Wentb ridge is referred to) which Robert Southey was good enough to pronounce the piece of rhymed [ best ” r i i Latin in modern literature . The B a thwaite who marr ed

’ Lord S avile s granddaughter seems to h ave had some resi

ial i a r are ar i dent connect on with St pleton , but the e few p t culars of it he m ay have been there when the vagabond

r a ra r a r a pictu ed by his rel tion t mped up the G e t No th Ro d ,

a a Wen tb rid e an d r p st the St pleton woods , between g Fe ry

r all a a n a b idge . But th t is indefinite wh t is defi ite is th t just about the time that Charles the Second c ame back to E a a a se e him a r ngl nd , to find people so gl d to th t he wonde ed

h ad him a h ad they been so long in sending for , St pleton come into possession of yet another of its many owners am an d in a his J es Greenwood . In his possession , th t of son , a r a r ai nothe J mes , it em ned until the end of the seventeenth

ur cent y . r r These Greenwoods c ame from W entho pe . They were

a r a and a i r folk of c edit ble sufﬁcient ntiqu ty Tho esby , the

r a a r was a i a at g e t topogr phe , who m ghty h nd delving into

a ir di his Ducatus Leodiensis and the p st , gives the pe gree in ,

r 1 1 a r t aces it b ack to 54 . The ﬁrst J mes G eenwood of

a a r a r r St pleton , on cqui ing the m no , let the house to Geo ge

airfa a a a a an d i a m an F x , kinsm n of the f mous f mily , h mself i r ai a was of reputation as a mathematic an . Geo ge F rf x the

’

. f S r r h Wil i m . on Dr . a a o Pe S of l a F irf x , Rector t te s , Co n ill

XVII

VI T H E G WAY M A NE NSON , HI H N

I CHARD W a BRAITH AITE , who immort lized

Wen tb rid e in B arn abae I tinerarium g his , com

’ m onl as D runken B arnab s ourne y known y j y , was a a a r a gentlem n of good f mily , of Westmo l nd ,

a ar a r at or r was a who , fter v ious dventu es Oxf d , whe e he

r r C 1 60 at am re commone of O iel ollege in 4 ; C bridge , whe he h ad Bishop Lancelot Andrewes for his tutor ; at one of the

r r i a a a for a a i Inns of Cou t , whe e he cult v ted t ste dr m t c writin g instead of attending to law books an d as a captain

a o a rai a at of foot c mp ny in the t ned b nds , settled down a in r an d a a d C tterick , the No th Riding , bec me mo el country

ra an d r squire . Whether he ever t mped up down the count y

r as a i a r is in his own pe son , he m kes his diss p ted he o do ,

ar a as a r r him a r doubtful B n by , the utho p esents , is scu rilous and a and : a ai obscene fellow , if merry witty one C pt n

ra a i a a a B ithw ite h mself left behind him , s ys the old ntiqu ry

a ara a l - r a Anthony Wood , the ch cter of wel b ed gentlem n , a a r a an d an r good neighbour , consistent Ch isti n , up ight m an r r a a ar a r r mo eove , inste d of being c elessly tti ed , f owsy

a r as ar a was a a lo fe , B n by is , he ccounted one of the h nd som est da in his a a s an d was a a men of his y l st ye r , lw ys so well dressed and appointed that his equals called him

a r i r a a r r a D ppe D ck . Howeve , whether Br ithw ite eve o med

r — and m a a at the count y , or not he y h ve done , some wild — oats period of his fairly long life h e certainly possessed a r ar a a and very em k ble knowledge of its topogr phy , of the 96 THE W NEVINSON , HIGH AYMAN 97 char acteristics and peculiarities of the places he refers to in

B arnabae I tinerarium as i his r the , w ll be seen by refe ences to

Wentb rid e r in a a ra g , which occu the third p rt of th t st nge work

Ven i Wen tb rid e ub i a ae Th en e t o Wen tb rid e wh ere v i e g , pl g c g , l wret ch es T erra e m aris v i v un t sa a e H id eo us h a s an d o dio us wit h es , , g , g , c , ’ Vultu to rt o et an i i Writh en co un t n an ce an d m is l , sh a en p , E t con dition e vili Are b y som e fo ul b ugb ea r ta ken H is in tern ae m an en t s ed es Th ere in ern a s eats inh erit , f l ,

ua e cum in eri s in eun t foed us . Who on tr a t with suc iri Q f c c h a Sp t .

The reference here is undoubtedly to the witches or wise women who at that time were supposed to dwell in the wilds

l at n B rockoda e . a ra was a r a r of One of these , y te , e l pe son , a P a a ai i ra ri M ry nnell , who tt ned cons de ble noto ety in the i E par sh of Darrington . ven in those days of the seventeenth i all i and a i a century , desp te the l ght le rning wh ch c me into a the country with the Reform tion , people believed in witch ra — nl a i c ft not o y common people , but people of educ t on . Amongst a list of Arti cles to be enquired i nto withi n the Arch deaconr o Yorke b the Church Wardens and S worn e M en y f y , circa 1 6 0 i i a h r 3 , is the follow ng s gniﬁc nt one W ethe there be any m an or woman in your parish that useth Witch raf r r a or nl a P ra r or a c t , So ce y , Ch rmes , U wful ye , Invoc tion

a or E an a or a or in L tin nglish , upon y Christi n Body Be st , any that Resorteth to the same for counsell or helpe " a arr a an d Wentb rid e No doubt m ny D ington , St pleton , g people di d resort to Mary P annell what time she lived in her

a at B rockod ale r a th c ve , somewhe e mongst e limestone rocks

r for a for h er ove looking the Went , things bec me too hot

r an d a r at a . r the e , she went to other qu rte s Ledsh m The e was a arr a r she eventu lly ested , c rried to Yo k , sentenced to a a and ar a was r de th for witch , ne Ledsh m she duly bu ned at a Was ar u the st ke . This e ly in the seventeenth cent ry H 98 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

theywent on burning witches and wise women in England

an d a for a r and ar Scotl nd nothe hundred twenty ye s . A much more wholesome and picturesque ﬁgure than Mary Pannell which was to be seen about Wentb ridge in the second half of the reign of Charles the Second was that of

a a — i a Nevinson , the Highw ym n , who poss bly bec use Went

ri an d a a an d ar an d - - b dge its dj cent woods , the d k out of the

wa a B rockodal e a r r a y r vine of , m de good et e ts in times of — peril from constables an d thief-takers spent many festive

r at Old a a a h as hou s the G te Inn , t vern which long since

a a a a a r dis ppe red , but is s id to h ve stood ne r the corne of the road which leads to the Fox-an d-Hounds an d Thorpe a l ﬁ E dl n . Au i Nevinson , who is e si y the rst of nglish high

a an d al a a w ymen , who re ly performed most of the gre t fe ts

a a a r r a was a a i ttributed to much l te pe son ge , Turpin , n t ve

a ra if r of these p rts , though there is conside ble d fe ence of f i a r aﬂi rm in a was Op nion on th t point , some write s g th t he

r at E a i at r bo n Burton Agnes in the st R ding , some Wo tley , at P ra i i a an d . s a a ne r Penistone , some ontef ct It lso s d

a a a was ra an d i th t his re l n me not Nevinson , but B cy , wh le

a lia he is c lled John in some writings , he is styled Wil m in

r a a P e others . Conside ing his undoubted ssoci tions with ont

ra r for i n him a f ct , the e is good ground bel evi g to h ve been

P ra a a a a born there . At ontef ct he cert inly m de the gre t le p on horseb ack which is commemorated in the S ign of the ale ’ r r r a — Nev inson s a house on the uppe Fe ryb idge ro d Le p , close by which he jumped his horse across a formidable r ar a is chasm in escaping from pursuers . As eg ds wh t known

a a a his a r a of his life , it is s id th t he beg n c ree by ste ling his

’ S ran a a r father s silver poons , w y to London , p oceeded to

r saw a r a a Fl ande s , milit ry service the e , c me home , dopted

as a al r a a a a the highway c ling , fo sook it , bec me soldier g in ,

r a an d r i a a for in returned to the o d , tu ned h ghw ym n good

is a a a m an the grand manner . He s id to h ve been of

ara and a a r a gentlemanly appe nce ch rming m nne s , h ndsome

1 9 9 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a at a an d r Bl ck Clump D rrington Ferryb idge was a third . Nevinson m ay h ave taken a fat purse hereabouts now an d or m a a r then , he y h ve left this neighbou hood to one of his a i a for l i i ss st nts , he is common y bel eved to have organ zed an d a a His r been the head of g ng . ecord shows th at he was r a i a i i a a a ound bout th s p rt of the West R d ng gre t de l . And at a was a and a a a r l st he c ught , not m ny miles w y f om Went r a r b idge . In th t cu ious collection of di aries an d memoranda nf r r 1 6 0—1 02 left by the old Nonco o mist , Olive Heywood ( 3 7 )

’ there is an account of the highwaym an s arrest which is worth setting down precisely as Heywood wrote it Upon

a ar 6 r Mr a a Thursd y M ch he w ites , one . J . H rdc stle of P enth orp near Wakeﬁeld understanding that John i a -m an was nk at an - Nev son , the highw y dri ing Ale house

ar S an dalcastle i him an d a r ne , took some w th , so pp ehended

i r a Mr a him a Nev son , b ought him to W keﬁeld , . White m de

i him r witt ness , sent to Yo k , in midst of the Assize , the judg

ro r i a p ceeded on his forme convict on , condemn tion some

ar a h ad his ar was d al ye s goe , he p don , but it con ition , if he ul a had sta d i his wo d le ve the kingdom , but he y , so forfe ted i for was a terrour l fe , the judg told him he must dye , he to

r i was the country , p onounced the sentence , wh ch executed

ar 1 was i at on M ch 5 he something stup d , yet the gallows confessed that he killed Fletcher (the Constable near

H o le a a his q y) [Howley , ne r B tley] in own defence , but did ra a r was not bet y his comp nions , the e none but he executed at i at a and a th s Assizes , thus l st he is found out , t ken to his i i was had a r i he was m sch ef , his time come , tho he long e gn ,

r at P i an d r a Mtris bo n Wortley , betwixt en ston Rothe h m , i r his ar and Cotton lived in the ne ghbou hood , knew p ents r r ro hanel him when young , they we e b ought up p p y he m arr ed a at an ale- r a a a y wife house the e bouts , h th been r r a a a a noto ious w etch m ny w ys , h th committed m ny

h ad awe a a r a robberys , the country in such th t the c rrie s p id a r him rent , duty , to let them lone othe s let him money , IN THE W 1 01 NEV SON , HIGH AYMAN

a i a i a him a th t he m ght let them p sse qu etly , I h ve seen p sse

rdi ari in r a hd his r a o n ly the o d , he ho se l tely down the street at a was ra r a W keﬁeld, gene lly known , yet none we e so h rdy as la a him r was 20 li r a a i to y h nds on , tho the e by p ocl m t on him a a him is at a an d a to th t should t ke , but he l st gone , h th left m uch debt at sev erall ale-houses in the country where a — he h unted one of them , no doubt , though the old i sa a Nonconform st does not y so, being the long v nished

n ri i r Gate Inn at We tb dge . Nor does Ol ve Heywood tell us i i ia Mr a a a a . . as arr th t C pt n W ll m (not J ) H rdc tle , who ested i at r at a a a Nev nson the Th ee Houses Inn, S nd l , on the d te

i a r ar r ar oak air ment oned , fte w ds p esented the ﬁnely c ved ch , i a a was at in which the h ghw ym n sitting the time , to the

a r . at a a a a m a p rish chu ch of St Helen , S nd l M gn , where it y be seen to this day . XVIII

— MANOR OF DARRINGTON : 1 709 1 750

HE R N P ra - ROBERT F A K of ontef ct , to whom

a r a as a a a the M no of D rrington , p rt of the C rdig n a was 1 0 was a a est tes , sold in 7 9 , member of Pontefract family of some standi ng in the seven e t enth century . The names of two members of this family are mentioned in connection with the demolition of P onte

ra Ca . f a al al a f ct stle A ter the ﬁn l f l of the Roy ist g rrison ,

a 1 6 8— ra am in M rch , 4 9, when Gene l L bert took possession a P aliam ent of the old fortress on beh lf of the , the House of C a an d a ommons resolved on its dism ntlement , the necess ry order for destruction was made by the Committee of the s at ak al th We t Riding W eﬁeld Gener Sessions , on April 4 ,

1 649 . The execution of that order was entrusted to E a a a dw rd Field , M yor of Pontefr ct , Mr . Robert More , a a a a Mr . Robert Fr nk , Mr . M tthew Fr nk , Mr . John R msden , Ch and Ca an u . a Mr ristopher Long , pt in John Long , or y fo r a a of them cting together . The Robert Fr nk here mentioned was probably the father of the Robert Frank who bought a n an d a E z a 1 2 a D rri gton , whose d ughter li beth in 7 4 m rried

Samuel Savile of Thrybergh . It is a curious peculiarity of the Man or of Darrington that from the Norman Conquest to the present dayi n one of its a a owners , with one exception , h ve ever lived in its m nor a r z a house . The de L cys never lived the e the Fit Willi ms never lived there the ﬁrst Savile owners never lived there .

Sotherons at a a a m a a r and The , l ter d te , y h ve lived the e now

1 02

— MANOR OF STAP LE TON : 1 70 2 1 74 9

URING the ﬁr st h alf of the eighteenth century Stapleton appears to have been continually in

r r al a i the p ope ty market . It was wys be ng

an d a r bought sold . J mes Greenwood the younge Ei 1 02 a a r a r m an . sold it in 7 to one S muel W lke , Yo k ght a a a a r r a it a a ye rs l ter S muel W lke mo tg ged to N th niel Wilson , al r a r a off 1 2 1 so of Yo k , but he evidently p id the mo tg ge in 7 , w for he as in full possession of it again by that time . This Samuel Walker was one of the churchwardens of D arrington

1 2 2 and a a a ar a . in 7 , bell of th t d te be s his n me A son of his , a a al r was a al m an a a nother S muel W ke , medic , who ppe rs

a ra at P a a an d a . to h ve p ctised ontefr ct , W keﬁeld , New rk — He was an Alderman of Pontefract in 1 71 8 1 9 in the last named year he married Mar tha Medley of Pontefract at

a a r a D rrington Church . In D rrington Chu ch , too , S muel Walker the elder was buried there is a monument to his t was ar a e . a memory . He then ninety ye s of g But the time of his death he was no longer in possession of Stapleton in 1 736 he had sold it to the Honourable Anthony Lowther l a a . 1 s a of Byr m In 743 Vi count Lonsd e , cting for Anthony w a a 1 Lo ther , sold St pleton to John Smith of Newl nd in 749

John Silvester Smith sold it to John Boldero of London . Thus within under ﬁfty years the Stapleton estate changed an a Of a i r h ds no less th n six times . its v r ous owne s during that period not much is recorded they make no p articular

u a r . ﬁg re in the p rish histo y , nor in its register But the 1 04

— CHURCH LI FE : 1 700 1 750

HE eighteenth century represents the low-water

ar r E r In his m k of eve ything nglish . Neve the tory of the English nation was there a time so

ara r and a ch cte ized by mediocrity , dulness , l ck i a i a i of m g n t on . The reigning sovereigns were either thoroughly gross or unutterably stupid ; the statesmen

r r a an d rr r we e oppo tunist , veni l , co upt ; the people we e

a - r r a was given up to soul w ecking mate i lism . There

r r al ra an d nothing to edeem the p ev ent d bness , little to

ri a ar H ad for P lighten the spi tu l d kness . it not been ope , for for r r for Goldsmith , Johnson , in the wo ld of lette s Sir

a a art a Joshu Reynolds , in th t of ; for G rrick , in things a al a an d r the tric ; for men like W tt , Priestley , B indley in science an d invention ; for certain of the higher class of

r In a cle gy the church , the eighteenth century would h ve presented itself to history as being devoid of one redeeming

a r fe tu e .

r was - r i r r In no espect eighteenth centu y l fe wo se , mo e

a r i — ia its r hopeless , th n in Chu ch l fe espec lly during ﬁ st ﬁfty

E a was a — all ra a years . Religion in ngl nd de d for p ctic l

Ca i had ra an d purpose . tholic sm been ﬁrst st ngled , then burnt— if any of its ashes still smouldered it was in such obscure com ers that no gleam of the scar ce-living ﬁre met a a i was a the eyes of more th an a few . To be C thol c to be

a a was r r i i ri p ri h ; it to cou t pe secut on , ﬁne , mp sonment ,

a r r E a i r conﬁsc tion of p ope ty . The st bl shed Chu ch , too ,

1 06 CHURCH LIFE 1 700-1 750 1 07 had i a r ri a r had become a dead th ng . Wh teve spi tu l powe it possessed in the reign of Elizabeth an d of the Stuarts h ad

ani h ad r a a its af a . v shed . It no powe to m n ge own f irs Parliament had taken that power which the Church once h Th e r h ad a ad into its own hands . Chu ch no me ns of — speaking on its own behalf except through the lips of its at a Bishops sitting in the House of Lords . And th t time

i rr an d r a the B shops were only a. triﬂe less co upt wo ldly th n i O or the statesmen who gave them the r bishoprics . pp tunist statesmen of the Walpole type regarded bishoprics i a as rewards to be g ven to clerics who served their p rty .

a i r a a r a a H rdw cke , Lo d Ch ncellor , m de no sec et of the f ct th t he regarded the vast number of Church preferments which he had at disposal as means of increasing his own political

r r r inﬂuence . The bishops took thei colou f om the folk who — gave them their mitres if they shepherded anything it was

r i r r a their own evenues . Men who got b shop ics eg rded them as opportunities for aggrandizing themselves an d founding a a a i a af we lthy f milies . Dr . W tson , B shop of Ll nd f, held , a d a ni i a in d ition to his bishopric , no less th n ne l vings inste d

a al or of ttending to his episcop duties , visiting his livings , he lived the life of a rich country gentleman in the Lake i i . a r D strict Another Welsh b shop , Ho dley , neve once ’ r i visited his see of Bangor du ing his six years occupancy of t . Even such a m an of real learning an d greatness as Butler a was thought it no sh me , when he Bishop of Bristol , to hold a a r at r an d b enefi ce c non y Rocheste , the enormously rich a a of St nhope , in Durh m . As the bishops were , so were the beneficed r P ra an cle gy . lu lism d absenteeism were rampant — no one in those days thought any the worse of a clergyman an d a r as a i as who, by influence f vou , got hold of m ny liv ngs ul and a a al - a ra he co d , put into e ch of them h f st rved cu te . Outside the ranks of those clergy who had influence at their a i b cks, the condit on of the ministers of the E astablish ed Church at the b egirm in g of the reign of Queen Anne was of a 1 08 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a a a n a her n ture th t is lmost u believ ble . Queen Anne , to a r o r l sting c edit , did s mething to help them . Befo e the

a r h ad i ﬁ rstfruits Reform tion the cle gy been in possess on of , a tax a i aid r a an d sub se origin lly lev ed in of the C us des ,

r r quently given ove to the Chu ch . At the time of the

a ﬁrstfruits had r Reform tion these been seized by Hen y VIII , ' and every succeeding monarch h ad fo llowed his b ad ex am r r an d ple Queen Anne resto ed them to the cle gy , how badly the clergy needed them m ay be gathered from the fact that on the eve of this reform there were nearly 6000

r En a r ar cle gymen in gl nd whose incomes we e under £50 a ye . But even after this reform the condition of th e inferior

r a for a r r cle gy , the cur tes who did duty the bsentee ecto s an d a was b ad a r a vic rs , enough . In cu ious book of th t

The M iseri es and Great H ardshi s o the period, entitled p f I nferior Cler w a a a a gy , its riter , Thom s St ckhouse , clergym n who never received preferment of any sort until his ﬁfty a a a sixth ye r , gives us signiﬁc nt view of the condition of

. al a a a r things The s ries of the cur tes , he s ys , we e ’ a e and al a often less th n the s xton s , not so punctu ly p id the rectors made jests upon their (the poverty the common fee for a sermon was a shilling an d a dinner ” for a ra r and a f . re ding p ye s, twopence cup of co fee And

a a a a its r n tur lly , with such things obt ining mongst cle gy , the E a i r ar services of the st bl shed Chu ch were slovenly , c e

an d rr r F or a an d ar less , i eve ent . hundred ﬁfty ye s the churches had been more like bare barns than houses of r Th a ar a all a r . w s eligion e lt gone , with the ccesso ies of

a r : a was a i - a C tholic wo ship in its pl ce commun on t ble ,

a an d a a a a r - sm ll me n , hidden w y behind th ee decker pulpit , from the various stages of which p arson and clerk droned r the service to such folk as cared to attend . They we e not

r a . many . Those who did go we e divided into cl sses In the ’ old pre-Reform ation days all men had been equal in God s house the knight knelt by the Side of the labourer the

1 1 0 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

’ a ose h Andrews cl sses in Fielding s novel of j p , published in

P rulli r a 1 2 . a T b er is a ar r Feb u ry , 74 rson co se , b utish , — a a i m an for is v ric ous , swinish swinish in two senses , he

a a a r an d a little better th n hog in his own m nne s ppetites , an d in r has C ar his chief delight is b eeding pigs he no h ity ,

r i his no piety , no ﬁne feelings his one conce n in l fe is own P a . a a as a stom ch , his own pocket rson Ad ms is poor mouse in his own church generous an d ch aritable from the very

a - a ul e a r a ar goodness of his w rm he rted , imp siv n tu e schol , who never goes abroad in his parish or on his excursions further aﬁeld without a volume of his beloved [ Eschylus in the pocket of his patched and tattered cassock he has a ’ a an d an ear r ma cer he rt for eve y n s con ns , but whether he is

a r a rebuking the squire for l ughing in chu ch , or drinking

’ cup of ale in the squire s kitchen (few clergymen ever pene trated a and beyond the kitchen in those d ys , they often

’ a r m rried the squire s cook out of it) , he neve forgets his dignity as the minister of Christ which he humbly endeavours as a r r t he to be . Such men Ad ms the e we e by score in the — quiet pl aces Goldsmith had one or other of them in mind when he drew his never-to-b e-forgotten picture of the village pastor

A m an h e was to all th e co un tr d ear y , An d passin g ri ch with forty poun ds a y ear R em o t e ro m t o wn s h e ran hi s o d race f g ly , ’ ’ Nor e er h a d ch an ed n o r wish d t o han e his ace g , c g , pl ; Un ski u h e t o awn or seek for ower lf l f , p , ’ r i n h o ur B y d o ctrin es fashion d to th e va y g . F ar oth er a im s hi s h ea rt h as earn t t o ri z e l p , n o ri se Mo re b en t t o ra is e th e wret ch ed tha t . H is h o us e was kn own t o all th e a ran t t rain v g , H e hid th eir wan d erin s b ut re ie e d th eir ain c g , l v p Th e lon g-rem em b ered b eggar wa s his guest Wh ose b eard d es en din swe t his a ed b reast c g , p g ’ Th e ruin d s en dthri t n ow n o on er roud p f , l g p , ’ ’ Claim d ki n d re d th ere an d h a d his aim s allow d , cl Th e b roken so dier kin d b ad e t o s ta l , ly y , ’ S at b his ﬁ re an d t a k d the n i ht awa y , l g y; CHURCH LIFE 1 700—1 750 1 1 1

’ We t o er his Woun ds o r t a es o f sorrow d on e p , l , ’

S h o u d ered hi s rut h a n d sh o w d h o w ﬁ e ds were wo n . l c c , l ’ P eas ed with hi s uests th e oo d m a n lea rn d to ow l g , g gl , An d quit e fo rgot th eir vices in th eir wo e Care ess th eir m erits o r their a u ts to s an l f l c ,

H is pity ga v e ere ch arity b egan .

Of the various clergymen presented to the Vicarage of Darrington after the Reformation there are few details i i 1 6 available for any purposes of b ography or h story . In 55 a i P ri r an d P ra in the ss gnees of the o Convent of ontef ct ,

a r a was a i r whom the p t on ge then vested , ppo nted , on Octobe i i i 1 am a . r a 7th , one Will F wcett to the l ving F om th t t me onward the patronage was vested in the Archbishops of

r a 1 0 d r a . an Yo k , in whose h nds it still em ins Between 59 1 a ar r a 754 the vic rs of D rington we e Thom s Whitehouse , i i ul rd 1 0 i a a r ar 2 6th nst tuted J y 3 , 59 M ch el W te house , M ch ,

1 a i L n dle 6th 1 608 r 593 D n el y y , June , John B oke , r 1 8th 1 608 a r a 1 Novembe , Thom s Pullin , Feb u ry 4th , 1 60 i ar Woodrov e a ar 2 6th 1 626 a i 9 ; R ch d , J nu y , ; D n el

H ethﬁ eld arti ar ar e ar , of whom no p cul s given Ch les P r 1 1 666 i ar a r 2 8th octor, August 5th , R ch d W ugh , Octobe ,

1 6 0 a B r r if r 1 1 th 1 6 ar 7 S muel ie cl fe , Decembe , 79 Seth Ag ,

1 1 an d was o r th 7 4 Robert Burrow , who instituted Oct be 7 , 1 1 and r ai ar ar 1 7 7, em ned vic until M ch , 754 . r rr i ar a r al Of Robe t Bu ow, V c of D rrington du ing most the

r al r an d whole of the ﬁ st h f of the eighteenth centu y , , con

urin ri r sequently , d g the pe od when the fo tunes of the

E a i r r at st bl shed Chu ch we e their very lowest ebb , we know a a a a i r i a gre t de l th t s inte est ng . He w s the son of Thomas

rr a an a i at i Bu ow , he d of old Kentish f m ly , who , the t me

was r was i at a a i Robert Burrow bo n , l ving Cl ph m , wh ch ,

in a was a i la i r those d ys , v l ge well outs de London . The e ’ are r r r i a arri a no eco ds of the futu e V c r of D ngton s schoold ys ,

b e ul r r r was r at but d y p oceeded to Oxfo d , whe e he ente ed u ’ Q een s College . Nor is there any record of what he did 1 1 2 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH after that until he was instituted to his b en eﬁ ce of Darring - . His ar a r ar an d ton vic i te extended ove thirty seven ye s , that he was not entirely an absentee vicar is proved by the fact that all his children were born an d baptized there

r th 1 1 8 C r Ma 1 8 1 2 2 Robert , Decembe 5 7 hristophe , y th 7

a 1 1 2 . r r b e re r an d a J mes , July 7th 7 3 Mo eove , sto ed , l rgely

a as ara a re built , wh t is now known the old Vic ge , f cing , and re-rooﬁn a i had ﬂooring , g the ncient house wh ch done for r a duty something like th ee hundr ed years . He c rried on a laudable practice which had been begun by his pre decessor Agar— th at of e ntering in the p arish register the callings of the persons whose names came to be inscribed

r . r a 1 1 r a the e F om bout 7 5 , the efore, we get some ide of r what the people in the p arish were doing in the way of wo k .

r a a r Most of them , of course , we e eng ged in gricultu e , but we ﬁnd that in additi on to farmers an d labourers there

a r - a r a i a an d were m ltste s , house c rpente s , bl cksm ths , we vers , i as r ar r . r n a yeomen distinct f om f me s Unfo tu tely , th s ’ practice fell into disuse after Burrow s death . Whether Burrow remained long at D arrington after his

a and a entr nce there , the birth of his children , the rep ir of the

ar a . r s a Vic ge , is doubtful The e eems to be evidence th t he

r a at as a as 1 2 for employed the se vices of cur e e rly 7 3 , on C a August 5th of that year a certain Reverend Mr . h rles

Willets had his son Lyonel b aptized in D arrington Church . But that m ay be e xplained by the fact that in 1 723 Burr ow a a ra C a Was ch pl in to Sir Ge rd onyers , Lord M yor of London , an d during his year of ofﬁce probably resided in London

r r m a a a u for a a Willets , the efo e , y h ve been loc m tenens ye r ai nl h ad ra at a a r r only . He cert y cu tes l te pe iod , however

ra a a ﬁr a ar one of them , F ncis Dr ke , whose n me st ppe s in the r r 1 2 was ra ra a egiste in 74 , son of F ncis D ke , the le rned n a i a r u al r doctor a d nt qu ry of Yo k , whose mon ment wo k ,

“ i 1 6 rak ra oracum was . E b , publ shed in 73 D e , the cu te of

a was a a a o r r l D rrington , fterw rds Vic r of W me sley , th ee mi es

FARMERS AND FARMING IN T H E EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

LTHOUGH various trades an d occup ations are mentioned in the p arish registers as being in operation at Darrington during the middle of the

r a ul r was an d h as eighteenth centu y , gric tu e then , a a ar i i a i r lw ys been since the very e l est t mes , the m in ndust y

a m an is as a r in of the vill ge . The who set down maltste the register was probably one who carried on malting at P onte ra r a was a ra f ct , whe e m lting the gre t t de of the town until

ar a o a r about thirty ye s g . The we ve was most likely one of r a a a r i the ve y l st of the old vill ge we ve s , who wrought in the r - . r a an a own houses The e is no evidence th t y m lt kiln , even — — a small one which would be a building of some size ever

a an d has a - existed in D rrington , there been no h nd loom in a r ar All ra i the parish for good hund ed ye s . the t des outs de farming were dependent upon farming the carpenter m ade

a a a a i did the ploughs , c rts , h rrows , w ggons the bl cksm th the ironwork when the carpenter had ﬁnished with the

r ra r in wooden p arts . The only othe t de eve known the

an d r ai r vill age was that of the stonemason . He built ep ed

an d a was a al a houses cott ges ; he monument m son , too , an d the memorial slabs an d headstones an d box-tombs in the churchyard came from his shed . In the eighteenth century farming in England gradually a u a and - ur ss med settled condition , the eighteenth cent y farmers owed much to the interest which began to be taken 1 1 4 FARMERS AND FARMING 1 1 5

r in science as applied to agriculture in the preceding centu y .

a i r is ar was Much of th t nte est due to Ch les the Second , who

an r a in i a not only expe iment list sc ence himself , but did i i i great deal to encourage research an d nvest gat on . The last half of the seventeenth century produced a b ig crop of — theorists books began to be published in which their writers ar i P ro set out particul ars of new methods of f m ng . In

’ ’ fessor Arber s reprint of the booksellers catalogues which — were issued between 1 668 1 709 (an indi spensable work to anyone who would know anything of the literature of that period) there are particulars of over one hundred books on a r an d a r a i i a Husb nd y , of m ny mo e de l ng w th sheep , c ttle ,

a r r m a a r and horses . Wh t so t of books they we e y be g the ed

i a i a ' at A cu u from th s copy of t tle p ge System a gri lt rw. r r r a i The Mystery of Husband y discove ed . T e t ng of the

ral and a a a a i i P a seve new most dv nt geous w ys of T ll ng , l nt in a r r ri r all r g, Sowing , M nu ing , O de ng, Imp oving, of so ts of

a r a a P a r r a G rdens , O ch rds , Me dows , stu es , Co nl nds , Woods ,

l i r i an d . a ra P Coppices As so of Fru ts , Co n , G n , ulse , New a Cattel u a B - i H yes , , Fo l , Be sts , ees , Silk Worms , F sh , etc . With an Account of the several Instruments an d Engines P i i i r . s a Calendarium used in this ofess on To wh ch dded ,

’ Rusti cum or a m a i , The Husb nd n s Monthly Direct ons . Also

P ro n osticks ar ar i P i a the g of De th , Sc c ty , lenty , S ckness , He t ,

r i a a l r Cold , F ost , Snow , W nds , R in , H i , Thunde , etc . And

Dicti on arium Rusti cum or r a Rustick , , The Interp et tion of

r i Terms . The Whole Wo k be ng of great Use an d Advantage

all a i in a P ra i i to th t del ght th t most Noble ct ce . The Th rd

Edi i i a and t on Corrected with one whole Sect on dded , a i i r B r . W. m ny useful Add t ons th ough the whole Wo k y T . , i was r a . Worlid e r . ra Gent [Th s p ob bly T g , who w ote seve l

ar a r i P r f r s . o books on f ming m tte ] Fol o inted T . Dring ,

’ and a at P a . P aul sold by R Cl vell the e cock in St . s Church 1 6 1 ar 8 . y d ,

the rit r a tam in r th To w e s bout g, the theo ists , succeeded e 1 1 6 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH m en who in the last years of the seventeenth century and throughout the whole of the eighteenth put the theories in to a 1 6 an d 1 800 E pr ctice . Between 75 ngland had many gr eat — apostles of high farming men who set their brains to work to see what coul d be done with land which up to then h ad only been farmed on more or less elementary an d primitive

was r . a m an lines The ﬁrst of these Jeth o Tull , who was

in a law r w an d orig lly bred to the , but who th e his wig gown a at an a a r an d side e rly period of his c ree , betook himself to O r a a a xfordshire , whe e he beg n f rming experiment lly . He

d r for r an d af ar invented the rill , using it ﬁ st clove , terw ds for turnips and corn his great notion was that where you sow seeds by drill ing you keep your land cleaner an d freer of i weed than you do if you sow broadcast . There s not much — difference save in the actual making an d arrangement between the drill of to-day and the drill which Jethro Tull o ﬁrst used two hundred years ag . After Tull came Lord

r ar r for a r Townshend . He , like Tull , fo sook one c ee nothe . He passed thirty years of life in the diplomatic service then his a and a he retired to est te in Norfolk beg n to experiment . — His land was poor almost valueless by mixing marl with sand he turned it into a valuable property . He invented the four-course system ﬂ wheat for the ﬁrst r oots for the a for a second barley or o ts the third gr sses for the fourth . This system naturally tended to the better manuring of the all a land it began to be followed in p rts of the country . Up to thi s time England had not been a gr eat sheep -in a i a r farming land the old st tist cs bout food , mutton is ve y

— an d a r a a rarely mentioned beef b con we e the st ple rticle , a r a so far as meat was concerned . In ecommend tion to the a - a da a r people of Lo ndon to institute no me t y, pp oved by

r r E i a the P rivy Council du ing the eign of l z beth , mention is made of the fact that in London alone beefs were kill ed within a certain period— but there is no mention of m e n an d n o m uttons . About the ti e of Que n An e , well i t

1 1 8 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH had it spread broadcast in stead of following the foolish o al a r i r i l c pr ctice of growing th ee wh te c ops in success on , he

a r and a li beg n to grow two c ops , let the l nd e in pasture for

a r r had nl a two ye rs ; whe e the e o y been few sheep , he brought together a ﬂock of 2500 Southdowns ; he intro duced a l a a r oak Devon c tt e he pl nted hundreds of c es of ,

ani an d r a 00 of Sp sh chestnut , of beech he ecl imed 7 acres a r sea 1 8 i of l nd f om the . In 77 he began the ser es of sheep shearing gatherings which became famous throughout

’ England as Coke s Clippings he kept them up until 8 1 1 2 . a far an d a his At these , people c me from ne r to enj oy ali a r a r a a hospit ty ; l ndlo ds , f rme s , stew rds , scientists gre t folk from home an d abroad at the last Clipping there

00 r r were 70 people p esent . Neve was such a farmer as this a a Norfolk squire , who found his l nd only ble to produce rye , and left it one of the best wheat-producing districts in E a . r was a ngl nd He , like Lo d Townshend , one of the e rliest - and a exponents of the four course system , their ex mple a r a all C was r pidly sp e d over the country . oke six times

f a ra an d r f r a o fered pee ge , efused the o fe on every occ sion at a s and 1 8 was a E a but l st he con ented , in 37 cre ted rl of — Leicester he was the ﬁrst com moner elevated to the peerage by Queen Victoria . One result of the impetus given to farming in England

a r as an d a a by the l bou of such men these , by the prop g ndist

r i 1 1 and wo k of men l ke Arthur Young , who , between 74

1 820 o a r an d r , wrote much on new meth ds of g iculture , int o

u d a r a r a a r d ce not ble improvements f om b o d , especi lly f om

ra was r a i a a a e . F nce , the c e t on of quite new cl ss of f rm rs The farmer of the old days had been what would now b e — called a small m an a working farmer who was little i different from the day labourer who assisted him . W th i s an d an i a mproved methods , better re ults , ncre se of proﬁt ,

r r a ra a a am a supe io cl ss of p ctic l griculturist c e into being , an d in parishes like Darrington a new section of society was FARMERS AND FARMING 1 1 9 i a r r me a i a ntroduced . The new f rme s we e men of so c p t l

a r i ri r inste d of wo k ng themselves , they supe ntended the wo k

r a ur r and r an d ar r of thei l bo e s they needed , got bette l ge houses an d more roomy buildings the farms themselves i r a i i r r h ad in ll a a nc e sed n s ze . Whe e the e been one vi ge

r or a r r as a sco e so of cultiv to s who we e set down husb ndmen ,

r r r or — a r — ar the e we e now fou , ﬁve , six usu lly not mo e l ge i ar r 00 600 a r a . s f me s , holding from 3 to c es p ece The e farmers of the new sort had considerable advantages over

r a i r a r their p edecessors . The v st nc e se in p oduction the new markets made by the growing populations of the towns an d cities ; the high prices obtained ; put money into their pockets at a rate vastly different to that at which it had dribbled into those of their grandfathers— the consequence was a i a ar r distinct he ghtening of the st nd d of comfo t . Where the husbandman of the Stuart an d E arly Georgian ri had i i i i and pe ods been content to l ve in prim t ve simplic ty ,

ar a an d a r a to f e on pl in food , to go bout little bette ttired a a r a r r a a r th n me e l bou e , the new f rmer w nted bette clothing , r i w af all r r . as a bette feed ng , bette fu nishing He ble to ford these things and more : in spite of the high rents which a ra a n tu lly followed upon the improvement in f rming , in r i a a i a r spite of the se ious we ght of t x t on , the f rme of the a a i r a an d was l st ye rs of the e ghteenth centu y m de money , an r r m an is a a undoubtedly p ospe ous . It to th t period th t — the large farmhouses of Darrington owe their origin with a a a a at one not ble exception , th t of the old f rmste d Went r a a in a a b idge , so m ny ye rs the occup tion of the Spink f mily ,

a in a a i r r a which goes b ck , its m in rch tectu e , to Tudo d ys, an d all r a ar . is , in p ob bility , the oldest house in the p ish There was another cause for the increase of prosperity a ar r ar i mongst f me s tow ds the end of the e ghteenth century . r a a i 1 0 h The o ds beg n to be mproved . Until 75 little ad been a r done to mend m tte s in that way . The records of the various Quarter Sessions show that the parishes were for 1 20 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH ever squabblin g an d quarrelling about rep airs— every parish

as i as i r its did its best to spend l ttle money poss ble , wo ked

a i r ar an h rdest to sh ft expense on to some othe p ish , on to y body who could be dragged in . The old methods of travel

ear ling were still in force . N ly everybody who was forced to travel— an d it was only people wh o were forced to travel that did travel travelling for pleasure was almost unheard of— r r his r r a r r pe fo med j ou ney on ho seb ck . The e we e scarcely any stage-coaches before 1 750 ; private convey ances r r ai a r ar we e ve y few the ch se , fte w ds so much seen

r a was a on the imp oved ro ds , still new thing when John ’

an d her sister . an d r Gilpin s wife , , the fou children , set out in a an d a at E a ch ise p ir to The Bell dmonton . The p ckhorse an d the goods-waggon c arried most of the merchandise ab r r a r a out the count y the b o d st ips of gr ss, still to be seen on either side of the Great North Road between Darrington an d Wentb rid e r ra r and g , we e t mpled into mud in winte ,

r i was i dust in summe , by the live stock wh ch be ng driven to a an d m a r r f ir rket . With the coming of the Tu npike T usts , which eventually controlled over twenty thousand miles of r a a r r r i r o ds , m tte s imp oved they imp oved st ll mo e when

a - a run r ul ar the st ge co ches began to with eg ity . One of the ﬁrst roa ds to be so improved was the Great North Road by 1 740 it had become a ﬁrst-class road between London i an d_Grantham ; between 1 740 an d 1 760 it was mproved right through Yorkshire an d the Northern counties an d as far as E i was at i r a Wentb rid e d nburgh . It th s pe iod th t g an d Darrin gton folk began to become familiarized with people from far-away pl aces ; stage-coaches were p assing

r r a - a no th an d south by day and night . And eve y st ge co ch

r Wentb rid e an d a if driver cu sed g with might m in , for he was going south he h ad to climb the long hill from the bridge B an d was had i to the lue Bell , if he going north he to wh p ,

a a his a a a fi dr g , c j ole swe ting be sts up th t dif cult piece of a i wa il a a - nc ent high y which st l exists , gr ss grown relic of the

FARMERS AND FARMING 1 2 1

a a i was a i i i p st , bove the new cutting wh ch m de , w th nﬁn te

an at r a r ra a a trouble d g e t expense , just befo e the ilw ys c me

- r r i r a to dri ve stage coaches off the roads fo eve . All th s o d i r i i r a a i for a i mp ovement , th s nc e sed f cil ty c rry ng goods ,

r r a i was ia r i p oduce , me ch nd se , beneﬁc l the count y w dened

a an d for ar r r r adv an out , so to spe k , the f me the e we e new r a tages which beneﬁted h im g e tly . B ut while the landed proprietors an d the tenant farmers i in r ri in i e r a ncreased p ospe ty the e ght enth centu y , the gri cultural labourer went down in the social an d economic

a E i r a i a sc le . ver s nce the Refo m t on the people of the vill ges had b een steadily robbed ; the robbing process was still going on when George the Third came to the throne . They

“ h ad been robbed of their religion robbed of their p arish guilds robbed of their rights to snare rabbits on the a s i r common l nd now , in the e ghteenth century , they we e robbed of their common rights over the unenclosed l ands

i r a a r ar in E a r wh ch em ined . In lmost eve y p ish ngl nd the e was a r r m an his his l nd whe eon the poo could feed cow ,

his i his r a r had a ri for fowls , p gs fo ef the s enj oyed th t ght

r ri l re many a centu y . That ght made al the diffe nce between

r an d r a m an a pove ty comfo t it helped to eke out his w ges ,

i at an i B u a r a . t wh ch , y t me, we e sm ll enough upon th t

a s a a r right , upon these common l nd , the new cl ss of f rme s , i a r a r a a . strenuously b cked by the l ndlo ds , c st covetous look

a for r was i i The dem nd enclosu e grew . It ns sted upon by large farmers an d great landlords to 1 a House of Commons i r r i 80 r a the a . wh ch ep esented l ttle mo e th n l nded interest , in i r r a a the e ghteenth centu y , enclosu e of common l nd beg n within a hundred years no less th an four thousand separate P ar a i a dl r r Acts of li ment d vided up mongst lan o ds , holde s

r i and ar ar r i ial ai of chu ch l vings , l ge f me s w th spec cl ms , six million acres of land which until then had belonged to r ra a r the u l l bou ers . The robbery of three centuries was complete . MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

Every student of our economic history knows the result of

’ a a l this deliber te thieving of the poor m n s rights . Whi e landlords an d farmers were m en of prosperity at the end of

i a r the a the e ghteenth century , the l boure s of vill ges were o r - a p ve ty stricken to the l st degree . More and more of them

a a . r r a a r bec me p upers The e we e so m ny p upe s , indeed , that the parish authorities were perpetually squabbling a a bout them . The gre t object of every overseer was to

r his a an r remove f om p rish y pe son who did not belong to it , to guard against anybody coming into it who might acquire

’ a legal settlement (which was gained by forty days resi

d ar a an ra . Con dence) , , possibly , become ch ge ble to the tes se t r ar r for quen ly , the ove seers of one p ish we e ever going to law with the overseers of another over the ownership of — — paupers in one year alone 1 81 5 the parishes of England spent more than in ﬁghting each other over such as a r al questions whether John Smith , p upe , re ly belonged to m i H l - - l ne a a Bullocks thy or to og ey cum P og ey . O ple s nt an d very common method of preventing people from getting

’ a settlement in any parish was to pull down labourers — cottages the landlords were great sinners in that respect . But however much the accommodation of the people was

ar e r a and u s n rowed , pov rty continued to inc e se , the difﬁc ltie a an d r bout providing for the poor, the bicke ings between theo r as al i for r ve seers , to the leg responsib lities thei relief , and Law went on , in spite of the Poor Amendment Acts of 1 8 and 1 86 di u a a has 34 5 , the con tion of the r r l popul tion never reassumed the healthiness which it possesse d in the

a m an old d ys , when every enj oyed his rights over the common l and which was stolen from the people in the eighteenth century . No one who has known the parish of Darrington during

r a and has a a the last fo ty ye rs , been ble to comp re it with other entirely agricultural parishes of the same siz e an d of

a ua can a a a ar a simil r sit tion , h ve f iled to notice rem k ble

XXII

VILLAGE LI F E AND T H E METHO DISTS

VEN more serious than the social an d economic disadvantages under which the vill age commun ities lived in the eighteenth century was the utter a r i i i l ck of el gion wh ch was manifested on all s des .

i E a i a r h ad Rel gion in ngl nd , in the m ddle of th t centu y , to all an d r a a r Ca i intents pu poses become de d lette . thol cism was almost extinct where it existed amongst a few ancient families or in the back streets of some big city it was the a r an d r i i i r object of h t ed pe secut on . Reforms w th n eform h ad created new bodies of religious persuasion the Act of Uniformity of 1 662 had driven out of the Establishment

a r two thous nd cle gy , to found new sects . Amidst the new diversity of opinion the country folk fared badly nearly all the clergy of learning an d ability in the Establishment were to be found only in London an d the great town parishes

r r re - a a r the count y cle gy we ill educ ted , boorish in m nne , careless in their duties such of them as held good livings

a ra an d r a his a r . put in cu te , neve went ne r the scene of l bou s Whatever virtue there was in Nonconformity did not ﬂow

ra s— at an ra to the ru l communitie not , y te , to those of the i in a as r r . No the n count es Consequently , such vill ges

arr r i One and a a o was D ington , el gion , hundred ﬁfty ye rs g , ” a at a r . a r ve y low ebb The m j o ity of the people , s ys

i his r S ocial and I ndustri al Histor o Dr . T ckner , in ecent y f

E n land r i i g , were quite indifferent to questions of el g on large numbers of them were left without spiritual or moral 1 2 4 VILLAGE LIFE AND THE METHODISTS 1 25 guidance the Church was making no effort whatever

i - i a a for their sp ritual well be ng . Thous nds never entered

a had i a a da church . Sund y become w th m ny y of cock ﬁ h an d i 1 1 i r tin . g g, drunkenness v ce In 75 B shop Butle lamented the general decay of religion in the nation the historian Hume describe d the English people as settled into the most cool indifference with regard to religion that was

i an a i in r a r to be found n y n t on the wo ld . Yet when m tte s h ad r a ir r a ar r r i thus e ched the wo st , l ge p opo t on of even the

i i r r a at r i apparently nd ffe ent em ined heart el gious . Honest industry and respect for domestic life were still general i a an d amongst the m ddle cl sses the poor . Wh at was wanted was r a a ra i al r i i a r a a the eviv l of p ct c el g on , f esh ppe l to the emotions ; the people would quickly respond to earnest

r a i t i r r a r r it a p e ch ng of h s so t f om wh teve sou ce c me . Such was r i an d as a the p essing need of the t me , so often h ppens ” i r a i the t me p oduced the men who could s t sfy the need . The men who were needed came ; they sprang up at Oxford in their work lay the seeds of the Oxford Movement

di r in r wa r r of the succee ng centu y they , thei y, we e di ect precursors of the revival of Catholicism which followed the r a P al a an d has i a r epe l of the en L ws , s nce m de such p ogress all i i r r on s des . A l ttle g oup of Oxfo d students , devoutly r i ar rri a a i saw el gious men , we y of the te ble p thy wh ch they ar ar r ir ound them , e nestly desirous of tu ning the fellow

in ir i r al r i a countrymen the d ect on of pe son el gion , beg n about 1 738 the movement which is known to history as the i r a Method st Revival . Th ee men st nd out in the history of this wonderful movement as great leaders- Charles Wesley as the writer of hymns which began to be famili ar as house hold words wherever the English language was spoken ; i as r a r George Wh tﬁeld an d John Wesley p e che s . In the North of England John Wesley was best known it is still

m al in r ir an d ir co mon t k Yo ksh e Lincolnsh e how , in his long i he ' reached r a r t u a e t l fe , p mo e th n fo ty ho s nd s rmons hought 1 26 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH nothing of travelling his ninety miles a day on horseback

i a a an d ar l ved on mere pitt nce , distributed ne ly all he had r r i to poo folk in need . The e is no necess ty to enlarge on the labours of John Wesley and the early Methodists we are only concerned with them here in relation to the village life

are i n ar which we d scussi g ; nevertheless , let us he what

e r i and a al Gre n , one of the most unp ejud ced imp rti of a h as sa f i modern histori ns , to y on the ef ect wh ch those a E l bours produced on our common nglish life . The

s a S hort Histor o the Methodists them elves , he s ys , in his y f En lish P eo le a I a g p , ch pter x , section , were the le st result al a of the Methodist reviv . Its ction upon the Church broke

ar r and E a i al the leth gy of the cle gy , the v ngel c movement , which found representatives like Newton and Cecil within

al E a a - a the p e of the st blishment , m de the fox hunting p rson

’ a r at a an d the bsentee ector l st impossible . In Walpole s day the English clergy were the idlest an d most lifeless in the

r r i i r wo ld . In our own time no body of el gious min ste s sur

a in a r i r u a p sses them piety , in phil nth op c ene gy , or in pop l r a at a a a a a regard . In the n tion l rge ppe red new mor l u a r and a i as was enth si sm which , igid ped nt c it often seemed ,

i al a an d was st ll he thy in its soci l tone , whose power seen in the disappearance of the proﬂigacy whi ch h ad disgraced the

r a an d had a uppe cl sses , the foulness which infested liter ture ,

a r ever since the Restor tion . But the noblest esult of the r i r a was a a has r elig ous eviv l the ste dy ttempt , which neve

a a da u i nor ce sed from th t y to this , to remedy the g ilt , the g a i a f r a a a nce , the phys c l su fe ing , the soci l degr d tion of the was a proﬂigate and the poor . It not till the Wesley n move ment had done its work that the philanthropic movement - a a . a at began . The Sund y schools est blished by Mr R ikes Gloucester at the close of the century were the beginnings of r an d her a popular education . By w itings by own person l example Hannah More drew the sympathy of England to the

r and a u a a r r Th e pove ty crime of the gric ltur l l bou e .

1 2 8 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

a was ri a ai 1 show th t he in this dist ct g n until 772 . His entry u 2 th r a his of J ly 9 , howeve , shows th t followers had just i bu lt a chapel in that town . I crossed over to Pomfret

r r P a a an d a (p ope ly ontefr ct) , he s ys , bout noon opened r a i - r the new p e ch ng house the e . The congregation was a an d as i r a a for l rge , still n ght pe h ps this is token good . ra for was i i Being st itened time , I obl ged to r de hard to

Swin ﬂeet an d had r a I st ength enough , though none to sp re . The ﬁrst Methodist preachers who came to the vill ages a r ar and r a dopted the methods of the F i s , p e ched in the open

r or i a or a st eet , on the v ll ge green , from pile of stones on the a as w yside . As often not t hey found themselves dragged

r i r r - or a befo e the just ces , or th own into the ho se pond , be ten

i was r a out of the place . Th s the ﬁ st st ge the second was r a a r a his ar e ched when some f rme g ve them the use of b n ,

i a f r her i or some piously d sposed wom n o fe ed k tchen . The

an d r a e— an d r a a a third espect bl , pe h ps , bec use respect ble , — the least useful stage arr ived when their adherents built a

- a r modest meeting house . All these st ges we e passed r through at D arrington . Whethe the ﬁrst apostles of the movement suffered here the indignities so lavishly meted

r r a a i as out to their b ethren elsewhe e , such loc l rch ves the — parish possesses do not tell us they m ay have found them

in or a a a — our selves the stocks , hustled w y by the const ble forefathers h ad a pleasant trick (still preserved to us by savages) of manifesting intolerance by resort to force . But a had bout the end of the eighteenth century , Methodism become so respectable in Darrington that its adherents thought it hi gh time to build themselves a chapel a chapel

r a t da for was accordingly built . It em ins o this y the curious to examine as a good specimen of the village chapel of those - - a a i a d ys modest , unobtrus ve four squ re meeting room ,

a r a an d r ar set aw y f om the m in street , in the most obscu e p t t its was as l . r a of the vil age Its interio , the time of use , — modest as its exterior it closely resembled the typical VILLAGE LIFE AND THE METHODISTS 1 2 9

a E r i it was a Quaker place of assembl ge . ve yth ng in of

ra i — a ri dr a r ai u neut l t nt nondesc pt bness p ev led on p lpit , was i and a al . benches , the sm ll g lery of pews It l ghted by

a d r a ar r a c n les , set in quee old iron st nd ds ; unde ne th the pulpit was a cupboard in which the candle-ends were

r a r i i ar had its t e su ed . Not unt l e ghty ye s mellowed home lin ess did instrumental music break on this primitive sanc

ar a ar i was a a r r a tu y then h mon um pl ced in co ne , to s tisfy

r r r an d i r mode n equi ements , if the people who l ved ound a did r as r ar as i i bout not ente egul ly the Method sts des red , they could at any rate sit on the steps of their cottages an d i h a i a hear strains to wh ch they d h therto been un ccustomed . The ﬁrst generations of D arrington Methodists were strict followers of John Wesley in one respect in which successive — generations appear to h ave become heretical they followed his o m a ara r r 1 8 0 c m nd not to sep te f om the Chu ch . Up to 7 , at an ra a ri a a y te , the m j o ty of D rrington folk who ttended the Methodist service on Sunday afternoons had pun ctili ously visited the parish church on the Sunday morning r in a r in a at a they we e , f ct , the best Chu chpeople the pl ce th t i . r r r for a r as t me Mo eove , they went to chu ch such m tte s

a i i an d ra — r b pt sm , wedd ngs , fune ls most of them we e com m unic t i an s . The Methodist serv ce was a sort of after i r r - i d nne luxu y . Most of these old fash oned Methodists Would h ave been scandalized had anybody told them that they were schismatics they regarded themselves as a

' species of gild or sodality attached to the Church : there are i r i i a people who , desp te the mode n Method sts , bel eve th t

’ idea to have been in John Wesley s mind in establishing -his

i i an d a - i soc et es cl ss meet ngs . But those who start move m ents are seldom able to - control them leaders of all move m die an d r a r i ir a an a ents , othe le de s step nto the v c t pl ces .

i arri i a r As t me went on , the D ngton Method sts dep rted f om — the Wesleyan precept an d asserted a distinct separation a generation sprang up which carefully absented itself from K 1 30 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

and a a - church bec me notoriously ch pel going . Like Jeshu run a fat an d a r i i , it w xed , beg n to sco n s mpl city . The quiet

i - i r an d had old meet ng house , in wh ch shephe ds ploughmen

r a r a for p e ched their ve sion of the Gospel , bec me too humble

i ra an d a a a i rai its th s new ce , ch pel of mbitious des gn sed front on the main street about the same time that the a p arish church underwent restor tion . It doubtless satisﬁed — i ts builders an d designers but why ugliness in architecture an d E i are 1nv ar1ab l al a ngl sh dissent y so closely lied , is i h as a r an d is a i question wh ch no one ever nswe ed , it m ghty pity th at those who build new chapels in our vill ages do not try to keep Etheir work in touch with its ancient environ ment .

1 3 2 MEMORIALS or A YORKSHIRE PARISH also celebrated as having been the last English country a a r al gentlem n to keep p ofession jester . His tenure of

a r was as as a a his St pleton , howeve , just brief th t of m ny of predecessors he sold it in 1 800 to another Catholic noble m an E a r P r a an a , Robert dw rd , ninth Lo d et e , he d of ncient family more intimately connected with the South of England than the North . The Petre name occurs in various interest

and a i a a E i r ing rom nt c p ss ges of ngl sh histo y . One Lord

r 1 68 a Petre died in the Towe of London in 3 , victim of the Oa i devilries of Titus tes . Another ﬁgures n quite a different ’ P The R e o the L ck a a o . f shion in ope s poem , p f The Lord

a r a o r it for Petre who cqui ed St plet n , howeve , only held six 1 6 years in 80 he sold it to Ellis Leckonb y Hodgson . ai him his a Nothing much need be s d of , but of son , Thom s

a a a Bent Hodgson , good de l used to be t lked by old folk of

ar a o r r an d ﬁfty ye s g , who emembe ed him his doings very

a was a a r a and well . Thom s Bent Hodgson gre t spo tsm n , from 1 81 7 to 1 82 6 was Master of the Badsworth Hounds . r a r i at a a a a Du ing his m ste ship he l ved C stle F rm , homeste d c a an i still in existence , whi h st nds on eminence just outs de

a P ar and a an r . St pleton k , comm nds extensive p ospect He was further remembered for m any years as having taken a

r ar a a 1 8 2 victo ious p t in not ble election contest . In 4 the important ofﬁce of Registrar of the West Ridin g became a a a Wh for vac nt Thom s Bent Hodgson , ig , fought it

ra r r a a . against the Honou ble A thu L scelles , Tory His gr eat popul arity as a hunting-m an probably carried the day ’ : 1 1 2 1 680 for Hodgson he polled 7 votes to his opponent s , Mr a a a a . a nomin l c ndid te , J mes Stephenson , receiving one a E a i vote only . A sister of this Hodgson , M ry llen , m rr ed i r . . rr a a rr a the Reve end H J To e , descend nt of To e the nt uar at r i a al a q y their es dence , Snyd le H l , Thom s Bent 1 6 r Hodgson died suddenly in 8 3 . But the Hodgson tenu e of Stapleton h ad come to an end m any a long year before E L ckonb 1 81 these events . llis e y Hodgson sold it in 4 to MANOR or STAPLETON : 1 762-1 81 4 1 33

lia a B ar ara an d i r Ju n b , second wife w dow of the ninth Lo d

P r an d ar a r it h er et e , she , two ye s l te , conveyed to only son ,

ra E ar r P r r him a the Honou ble dw d Robe t et e . Unde St ple ton entered upon the m ost exciting an d adventurous years

its i of long h story . XXIV

M E R P E R T R . . . T E A STAP LETON

HE u a E ar o n Hono r ble dw d Robert Petre , w er a 1 81 6 1 8 was a of St pleton from to 34, cert inly the most interesting of its long an d varied list r of holde s . In his day he was one of the best known men in England ; on Stapleton itself he left certain m arks and impressions which it will take a long time

f a His ar r a . w s i r and to e f ce c ee highly p ctu esque , even — sensational it ended in comparative misfortune but the

r had a r a a r r misfo tune ce t in gl mour ove it . While eve

E a r a an d ra a nglishmen love ho se , hound , cing , the n me of

a r . Mr . Petre of St pleton is not likely to be fo gotten

Mr was r E . a Petre the son of Robe t dw rd , ninth Lord Petre r a a a (the former owne of St pleton) , by his second m rri ge a a a a a a a with Juli n B rb r , d ughter of Henry How rd of

an d r ar E a Glossop sister of Be n d dw rd , ﬁfteenth Duke of

n a a a a a N orfolk . O tt ining his m j ority he c me into fortune a usually said to h ve been a year . He spent con siderab le sums in improving Stapleton H all an d its surroun d a a n . a a a a i gs He built h ndsome ch pel , with vestry tt ched a 1 8 was a to it this , when he sold the est te in 34, dism ntled an d was u u ar b ut has a a sed for sec l purposes , of l te ye rs been - - restored for use as a ch apel of ease for Darrington Church .

a a . In ddition to his ctivities in these directions , Mr Petre took a considerable share in the public life of the county . He was High Sheriff of Yorkshire and Lord Mayor of York as a am in 1 830. He w elected Member of P rli ent for York I 34

1 36 ME MORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

’ i t at r an d i t s t ing B ooks s , who took very l ttle ime to get

r a r was r ar a th ough princely fo tune , mo e c eless th n Rodes i i . a l Milnes And the end of Rodes M lnes , like th t of Me l sh ,

was and a r a i ruin b nk uptcy . He c me to it wh le his friend George IV was still disgracing the throne an d disﬁguring

E i an d his r r Mr r P i ngl sh life , b othe , . Robe t emberton M lnes , very honourably an d generously undertook to pay the ’ an d r r it h ad r r spendthrift s debts , in o de to do to eti e to the

an d ra i f r Continent p ctise r gid economy o seven years .

far as i Mr P r How Rodes Milnes w m xed up with . et e in

a a ra r ar B ut ctu l cing conce ns is not cle ly known . between

1 820 an d 1 8 0 P r a a i 3 the et e st bles did gre t th ngs . The success began in a queer fashion— an d the ﬁrst b ig proﬁts

’ it 1 M 82 r . P r of undoubtedly went to Rodes Milnes . In 2 et e s

r r a r at a r . ho se Theodo e w s a starter for the St . Lege Donc ste

’ Theodore ' b a was Blacklock s ( y Woful out of Ros lind, who

dam was a b a r ra r and e ) good y ho se of conside ble so ts sp ed , was a an d r but he so l me , so obviously unﬁt , when b ought

run a Mr P r r an d an d out to , th t . et e the e then sold his book all him M 200. his ch ances on to r . Milnes for £ Some of the most extraordinary bets ever known were made about

m an a a a a Theodore . One l id thous nd guine s to ﬁve shillings against him another laid a thousand pounds to a - al . a a new w king stick Then , John J ckson, the f mous

h ad r ai r r a j ockey , who been et ned to ide Theodo e , emph sized m atters by bursting into tears at being asked to mount such

d r r an d a r a . an c ippled be st Mount ide him he did , howeve

r a r a ar a a all r an d Theodo e , fte good st t , went he d th ough ,

a a ar won by four lengths . Rodes Milnes is s id to h ve cle ed

a a ar a as for r sever l thous nds by his b g in Theodo e , he

‘ subsequently a dded to his laurels by winning important

ra at r a r an d E r ces Yo k , M ncheste , dinbu gh , a in 1 8 But the great P etre success on the turf beg n 27 . i a a His for . r a ar entry the St Lege of th t ye ncluded M tild , — a smart ﬁlly of the small order she only just reached

1 38 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

it . a a rr r r at of In the st bles bene th the tu et , the e we e one i a r a -cat i i r t me se ies of p intings , kit s ze , wh ch we e supposed

a a a a r r rr n . to be by the f mous nim l p inte , John F ederick He i g These have now been removed from the saddl e-room to the

are l rr house ; two of them undoubted y signed by He ing ,

’ an d as r a at a r P r Herring w ce t inly St pleton du ing Mr . et e s i an d at a a for a r ra t me , St pleton p inted him sever l po t its of

F Mr -m r . or r was a a an as as hunte s . Pet e gre t hunting well an ra r an d 1 826 was a owner of ceho ses , in he chosen M ster

a r at a of the B dswo th Hounds . He kept hounds St pleton at a r a al e an d r St pleton , too , he b ewed f mous , sto ed it in

r a a a r a a ra g e t v ts , e ch of which bo e the n me of celeb ted

. r was ra i i n a horse Du ing his time , too , there c ng St pleton P ark ; at one of these meetings a young j ockey was un r a r r an d fo tun tely killed by his ho se bolting unde the trees , a an i a the proceedings c me to end . And everyth ng c me to h ad a an 1 8 . P r end in 34 Mr . et e held St pleton during — eighteen eventful years but it had to go; an d he to go

in 1 8 8 at a a ﬁf elsewhere He died 4 , being th t time ged ty

r th ee . XXV

TH E BARTON FAMILY

’ Garrawa s C f C a Al T y o fee House , in h nge ley , in Ma 1 8 F areb rothers London , on the 3oth y , 33 , , a a i r r for a the f mous uct onee s , offe ed s le the

a a a i its a an d M nor of St pleton , its m ns on , g rdens a its ar a a a r a and ple sure grounds , p k , thous nd c es of l nd , timber and plantations estimated to be worth twenty

a i an d a r i thous nd pounds . No doubt the b lls p pe s wh ch announced this sal e described the old place in sufﬁciently glowing terms whether they set out th at it had a history

- a m a for r a extending to Anglo S xon times we y doubt , e l estate is invariably judged by its present value and not by its an a was history . However , such est te not likely to go a- n an ar and 1 th a 1 8 a beggi g in y m ket , on the s M rch , 34, a a i a r an d its ra form l ss gnment of the M no , conside ble a a was a ra E ar ppurten nces , m de by the Honou ble dw d Robert P a in r a etre to Henry B rton of Burton , t ust for John W tson a a i a i was B rton of S xby , in Lincolnshire , wh ch ss gnment

zud 1 8 . a duly conﬁrmed by deed on April , 34 St pleton thus came into possession of a family which has now held it

- r i r had eighty three years . No othe indiv dual owne held it so long since the days of Warren de Sc argill . According to one of the many archaeological papers written at his leisure a a a a by the l te Mr . T . W . Tew of C rleton , gre t lover of a an d al r a ntiquities of loc history , the new owne s of St pleton ri a a and e o gin lly h iled from Cheshire , in the eighte nth r r i centu y we e very prosperous merchants n Manchester . I 39 1 40 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

a a a About th t time , they bec me possessed of the est tes of

w a a r and a in S inton in L nc shi e S xby Lincolnshire . John

a a r a a a r ia a W tson B rton , the pu ch ser of St pleton , m r ied Jul n ,

a a E i r an d i d ughter of J mes Hope , of d nbu gh , cous n of M r . . a an d J . R Hope , the close friend of Mr . Gl dstone ar i al a i his arria a C d n M nn ng , who by m ge with the gr nd daughter of Sir Walter Scott (whose name he added to his

a r a own) bec me possessed of the Abbotsfo d est te . Mr . John

a ar a a i P a an d a W tson B ton bec me Just ce of the e ce ,

- i a a had onl his six Deputy L euten nt , but St pleton y been

Hi ar ar 1 8 0 . s ye s when he died , in 4 son , John Hope B ton , M A d i . . r r r a a a an , Oxfo d (Ch ist Chu ch) , m gistr te , H gh r f r r in 1 86 a i in 1 8 2 She i f of Yo kshi e 3 , m rr ed 7 Fl orence

ar a a a a r nr a a M y Ann bell , d ughte of He y J mes R msden ,

al ra r r a of Oxton H l , whose wife , the Honou ble F ede ic a Law was a a E Selin , the d ughter of the f mous Lord llen

r r ar a r arr a Mr . bo ough . Fou ye s fte the m i ge , John Hope

B ar in an d i ton , then the prime of life vigour, d ed sud

nl i -ﬁ ld was at a i a r de y in the hunt ng e . He th t t me M ste — of the B adsworth Hounds an appointment of great distinc

in ar h ad a tion these p ts , in which he succeeded the f mous

r a r an d i was Lo d H wke of Wome sley , wh ch subsequently

ar a r . r ﬁlled , some ye s l te , by his son , Mr Hen y John Hope

a r r a . B rton , the p esent owne of St pleton

1 42 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH through an d deep into a great m ass of limestone rock for i - ar r a h something l ke three qu te s of mile . And they ad just

i a an d a ra r an d completed th s t sk , the co ch cont cto s the coachmen an d the guards an d the p assengers were blessing

for ra a a an d a an d them it , when the ilw ys c me , drove co ches

- a off i a for r post ch ises the h ghw ys eve . Since 1 750 the trafﬁ c on the Great North Road had in

a at a a ra an d an r cre sed v st te to eno mous extent . Old people who were living in D arrington and Wentb ridge only a few years ago used to tell tales of the constant going to an d fro which existed up to 1 845 when the last coaches ran

a . r a was through the two vill ges According to them , the o d

r ra fi an d ario a r a never f ee of t f c , the v us vill ges we e wh t

a a are arr t a . the r ilw y st tions now D ing on folk , of course , were close to one of the most important coaching centres

ri r - a Ferryb dge . Whoever visits Ferryb idge to d y will not fail to notice the big houses of the place— great rambling

a - a a a a v st ch mbered pl ces , which , lthough now m de into a an d r can a a r tenements , h ve not neve h ve lost the tmosphe e

al a . a a of unusu sp ciousness These houses , with their dj cent a and a - all a st blings co ch sheds , were inns up to eighty ye rs a o a a in for all g . All sorts of f mous folk h ve stopped them , people who could afford it in those more leisured times used to travel by day and take their ease in their inn by night . One traveller in particular was well known at Ferrybridge it was at ri a the old house on the north side of the ver , ne r the a a an d bridge , th t Sir W lter Scott used to stop , there that he had a famous meeting with one of his London — r a al -wa publishers Ferryb idge being convenient h f y house ,

as an d E r . it were , between London dinbu gh The comfort an d provision afforded by these wayside inns were of a vastly different nature to that given to modern travellers at our draughty railway stations instead of cheerless waiting r a r ar r an d ooms , our ncesto s found snug p lou s bright ﬁres a a a a u saw inste d of ncient s ndwiches and st le b ns , they END OF THE COACHING DAYS 1 43

- al a prime beef an d well kept mutton . All ong the Gre t North Road the inns were famous for accommodation an d

r r was al at : comfo t . The e The F con Huntingdon nothing

r nl was r a r could be bette , u ess it its iv l , The Geo ge , in the

a r was at — ra r s me town . The e The Bell Stilton t velle s would have been hard put to it to decide whether Stilton r ra cheese or Stilton accommodation me ited most p ise .

a r was s — r a Then St mfo d full of good inn The George , pe h ps , - r was m an was pre eminent amongst them . The e no in England at that day who had not heard of the glories of — ’ The Angel at Grantham many a man s mouth watered at the mere notion of e ntering its ancient portals and taking a r r r seat in its venerable oriel window . And furthe no th the e — — was The Crown at Tuxford long since gone and another — - Crown at Bawtry- still left and a multitude of old world

a r an d r r hostelries in Donc ste , there we e the nume ous inns err b rid e a an d at r of F y g , of which but one rem ins , Bo ough r r was a r r i was ra b idge the e yet nothe C own , wh ch so celeb ted for an d a i r r its comfort , its food , the geni l ty of its p oprieto s , th at people used to make a point of staying at it whether

r such a stay was necessary or not . And befo e one got out of Yorkshire into the wilder country towards the Scottish

r r was i u a i Th e borde the e yet one more del ghtf l w ys de inn ,

r at a r al r — so far as Geo ge C tte ick Bridge , which is little te ed — a d wood and stone go t this ay . r r a i r at a The e we e no gre t inns of th s so t D rrington , for it — — was only a place though the most important place on the as r and err b rid e a an d r was a Donc te F y g st ge, the e no ch nging nor a n r r i of horses getting down of p sse ge s the e . But ts

at r - a had - ai ra ﬁ Crown Inn , the c oss ro ds , some post ch se t f c , an d there used to be a legend in the village th at somewhere

1 8 0 an d 1 8 her a a — the between 3 37 l te M jesty , Queen then

P ri — i ria her r an d a ncess V cto , mothe , the Duchess of Kent , a -in-a a r r in r l dy ttend nce , took some ef eshment The C own

ar in a p lour the course of journey northwards . It m ay 1 44 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

a i a it was h ve been so one likes to th nk th t so . But one gets on to surer ground at the old B ay Horse Inn b rid e a — a - at Went . r a u e an d g Th t now p iv te dwelling ho s , — for some years a farmhouse was a pretty busy place from about the time that Queen Victoria ascended the throne — l 1 8 a a an d rav r unti 74 not bec use of co ches t elle s , but a i i r ra . r a th ough the needs of dmin st tive just ce He e , in

— ' large room still c alled or which was still c alled a few years a o— the i a ra i g Just ce Room , the m gist tes of the West Rid ng held the P etty Sessions for the Upper Division of Osgold i i r r a a a . a c oss , s tt ng every lte n te Mond y Most of the c ses — brought before them were of a trivial nature a great many r a a i for a r a el ted to po ch ng , po ching still went on he e bouts

a ar r i r until the l st qu te of the n neteenth centu y , by which a h time there was little g me to poach . Hence t e number of gamekeepers an d game-watchers (the various vill age police men always ﬁgured largely in the last category) in that

an d a a at B a period , hence the ncient Fox Fe st held the y — Horse as a convenient centre for the Badsworth Hunt — ar F or a r and a - a r district every ye . g mekeepe s g me w tche s

ul al an d r r a co d so do much to keep up p ese ve supply of foxes , an d it was good that they should be encouraged by an annual banquet of solid meats an d sound ales to pledge

t h e r - themselves to suppo t of fox hunting . But if the Justices who met at the B ay Horse in Went

ri h ad as a r ri a a i b dge , rule , nothing mo e se ous th n po ch ng

a r a had one occasion a a r to ttend to , they ce t inly , upon . , m tte brought to their notice which was very much out of the

r 1 8 0 an d 1 8 0 a r or common . Somewhe e between 3 4 t ibe

i i i al ali r group of gips es , of except on physique , the men ve y

a m all - i h ndsome , the wo en uncommonly good look ng , used to haunt the neighbourhood of B am sdale an d B rockodal e i a as or during the hunt ng season . As m ny ﬁfteen twenty of them used to ride to hounds with the Badsworth the a o r women , on these occ si ns , disported themselves in b own

XXVII

T H E S OTH ERONS AND SOTH ERON-ESTCOURTS

N 1 75 1 the Manor of D arrington p assed from the

S aviles S otherons a ia a a to the by the m rr ge of S r h ,

a a a a sole surviving d ughter of S muel S vile , to Willi m

a a a S otheron . Th t m rri ge is thus recorded in the r 1 1 Darrington Registe 75 . William S otheron of P onte l a S othero r a E s . n ra E an d fr ct , q , son of Wi li m of Pontef ct , sq Sarah Savile of P ontefract daughter of y e l ate Samuel Savile

‘ arr E s I r a wth 1 of D ington q we e m rried Licence Feb . 3 . The p articular branch of the S otherons to which Samuel

’ S avile s heiress thus allied herself appe ars to have been settled at Pontefract for something like two hundred years

a an d a r a they were folk of me ns of st nding , evidently inc e sing

r r their status as time went on . But the efe ence to S otherons

r l a are in the old Yo kshire deeds, wil s , ch rters , ﬁnes , multi tudinous a a a as they ppe r to h ve been numerous , if not so a as S aviles a a am f mous , the whose D rrington l nds now c e ’ r into William S othe on s possession . It is impossible to trace out the various connections between the various

One a r r branches of them . ﬁnds llusions to Yo kshi e a a i S otherons a long w y b ck in history . At the t me of the

11 Tax 1 8 a ar S otheron a r an d his P 0 of 37 Rich d , t ilo , Alice

i ai Si tax at a r Wa en w fe , p d xpence for his W dwo th , in the p a a a take of Tickhill . Seventy ye rs before th t John de

S theron at a an d was o lived W kefield , frequently fined (according to the Wakefield Court Rolls) for allowing his r a - a a r i and i se v nt m ids to g the st cks , for letting his p gs 1 46 SOTHE RONS AND SOTHERON-ESTCOURTS 1 47 .

a i a r are in esc pe . S mil r refe ences to these to be found P a r various records an d registers . The Leeds rish Chu ch

r r a r 1 1 a r Register eco ds th t on Octobe 3 , 579, Alex nde

S otheron r S ittlehouse at a a , Procte of the p Be msley (Wh rfe a had i a an d ra r d le) two ch ldren , Joh n F ncis , bu ied on the a da r r are ra i s me y . In the Adel Registe s the e seve l entr es r a i a i arr a an d r a S otheron s el t ng to the b pt sms , m i ges , bu i ls of

’ 1 668 Testam enta Leodzen si a between 1 626 and . In the

P ra a and it is (Wills of Leeds , ontef ct , W keﬁeld , Otley) recorded that in 1 541 Thomas Forrest of Leathley (Wharfe i -i -l ar S o hero r h s n aw t n . 65 . 8d a . d le) left to son , Rich d The e were S otherons living about York in 1 748 an d 1 749 two mar ri ages of folk of their name are entered in the Minster

1 th ar r i r . r a Registe s Long befo e th t , in the s ye of the e gn

i r a S otheron i in ar of K ng Hen y VIII , John l ved the p ish of

a in r an d i r i St . Ol ve Yo k , be ng wo th forty shill ngs in goods , paid twelve-pence to the Subsidy levied on the York an d

i r a a Ainsty D st ict . In the p rticul rs of the Visitation of — Yorkshire in 1 584 5 an d 1 6 1 2 there is mention of a Margaret D awson of Spaldingholm e being married to Marmaduke

S otheron in S aldin m oor 1 a i of Holme p g . In 577 Will am S otheron was one of four plaintiffs in a case brought agains t

’ John Cartell deforezcm t respecting a messuage with lands in Holme in Spaldi ngm oor he was concerned in simil ar cases

1 an d 1 601 an d a a a i S oth in 597 , g in , in comp ny w th John eron i 60 a - n 1 . a ar a r S otheron 4 In the l st n med ye , Robe t was

ra ai f a ai a a one of seve l pl nti fs g nst Nichol s Foxe , gentlem n , in r r at respect of p ope ty Ampleforth . From 1 608 to 1 6 1 4 various legal proceedings took place between William S otheron of Holme an d his (app arent) neighbours as to the ownership of property . There are several references to S otherons in the Calender of Inquisition for the County of r P i r ﬁ Yo k , in the ubl c Reco d Of ce in London ; they are

i r i as i a or a ment oned the e n be ng of North D lton of S lton . In the Wills of the York Registry there are quite a number of 1 48 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

Sotheron r an d e i ent ies of the sixteenth sevente nth centur es .

a a r are a — r The pl ces n med the ein m ny Kirkby Ove blow ,

a a a ill a Cottingh m , Beverley , Se ton , H rth , Rowley , Goodm n ham a a ar ra f r ar ra a , S nd l (ne Pontef ct) , Cli fo d (ne B mh m) , Killin le a — i S l n m a di oor . g y, Br mpton but ch eﬂy Holme, in p g r a r r his ri a S otheron The e is efe ence to f end Thom s of Holme ,

t in ll P r ill a r gen , the wi of ete M ington of Holme , m de Ap il

8th 1 6 Sotheron as 8. w a a , 5 A John in occup tion of l nd in

- - ul a a Kingston upon H l , holding it of J mes W tkinson , r a in 1 6 r had me ch nt , 45 , when its owne to compound for it i P a a . r r to the rl ment But one might multiply these efe .

d i n n itum r ar r ences almost a ﬁ . The e e mo e in the Yorkshire

’ Lay Subsidy (Yorkshire Archaeological Society s Record

x vi an d xxi E a r Series , vols . ) , in the rly Yo kshire Schools xx n in a r . v r (the s me se ies , vol ) , the Index of Wills f om the ’ a and a r r at r a r De n Ch pte s Cou t Yo k (the s me se ies , vol .

i r r ar a r r xxxvii ) , in the Yo kshi e St Ch mbe P oceedings (the a r xli an d r xli i s me se ies , vol . ) , still othe s in volumes , xcii ,

i an d civ P i a i c of the ubl c t ons of the Surtees Society . All

are a ar i a z r these p rticul s of w lls , prob tes , ﬁnes , sei u es , an d are r a i a the like they chieﬂy inte esting to the nt qu ry . But as regards the direct connection of the earliest S otherons with their modern successors who acquired Dar

a a ia ar i a rington by the S vile m rr ge , the following p t cul rs ,

ur i ri r r a i Wran h am f n shed to the w te by the Reve end Fr nc s g , are of great interest : The S otherons app arently date back

r Mitton s r r th ough the de , Lo ds of Mitton , on the Yo k i - i r i r a a r r a . r sh e L nc sh re bo de , t o the No m n Conquest The l i Hi i ancestor was Ra ph de M tton . s descendant S r Roger was the direct forbear of the S oth erons through his son

Sir r r an d ar John de Southe n , Lo d of Mitton , stew d to

i r Hi ra Sir E a r E a . s Queen le no , w fe of dw d I g ndson , Robert i h r i r n . de Southe n , erited the lo dship of M tton The son of i b a al i had a o th s Ro ert , Thom s , so Lord of M tton , son wh se a e is n a ann a a Sir n m not know , who m rried Jo , d ughter of

1 50 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

e . was Fl et , the Red Fleet , the Blue Fleet His bride the a a a a ar a d ughter of C pt in B ker of D rrington . They had only

ara was Ma 2 rd 1 81 1 one child Lucy S h , who born y 3 , . By her a i a a E 2 1 5 t m rr ge with Thom s Henry Sutton stcourt ,

1 8 0 a i a a a August , 3 , the D rr ngton est tes p ssed into the h nds a - E a a of well known South of ngl nd f mily . Members of the E stcourt family did many thin gs of note

r a r r a a and a du ing the l te Geo gi n d ys the Victori n era . They had a close connection with Oxford University . Mr . T . G . B . E a C s C i m an was stcourt , orpu hrist , elected Member of ar am O i r t a 1 826 P li ent for xford Un ve si y in Hil ry Term , , a a P r r s r . P colle gue of Sir Robe t eel Dr . usey efe s to his

a r a r ar th 1 826 possible election in lette d ted Feb u y 5 , If E a Mr . a a stcourt is elected , he writes , we sh ll h ve

r a a r a thoroughly espect ble country gentlem n , of espect bl e E Mr . . . . r r talents al so . T G B stcourt continued to ep esent O r r 1 8 r xfo d Unive sity until 47, when he etired his successor

Mr . . E a was Mr . a . . . Gl dstone T H S stcourt , who dded the name of S otheron to his own on his m arriage with Admiral ’ S otheron s a an d had a a d ughter heiress , somewh t more r r z prominent career in politics . He ep esented Devi es in the House of Commons for some time he was a Privy Coun

’ cillor ; in 1 859 he was Home Secretary in Lord Derby s a an second administr tion . There is interesting reference ’ to him a a a . . in one of C rdin l Newm n s letters to J W Bowden ,

a a a at a a . or, r ther , in note ppended to the letter l ter period When the See of Salisbury was vacant in writes S o h a was a at a . t eron Newm n , it s id the time th t Mr C a i Sir C ar o i Estcourt ( onserv t ve) went to h les Wo d (Wh g, and O and a in the Ministry) , both riel men , s id , Why not o a m an and rar make E . Denis n ( third Oriel their contempo y) the new Bishop an d that Lord Melbourne seized and acted

’ Sotheron-E stcourt s u r Mr . T . H . S . yo nger brothe , u n a E r had a i i a James B ck ll stcou t , distinguished m l t ry SOTHERONS AND SOTHERON-ESTCOURTS 1 51

E as an 1 820 and a ar r . r c ee nte ing the Army ensign in , lmost immediately exchanging from the 44th Foot into the

rd i a r ai r a his Lieuten 43 L ght Inf nt y , he obt ned by pu ch ses i 1 1 8 was ancy in 1 824 an d his Captaincy n 825 . In 34 he -in- E ra E i and second command in the uph tes xpedit on , two i 1 8 was r ar years later bought his maj or ty . In 39 he ew ded for his services in the Euphrates affair by a Lieutenant 1 8 was a Colonelcy . In 43 he ppointed one of the Com missioners for settling the boundaries between B ritish

r a an d i a and r 1 8 8 1 8 2 Ame ic the Un ted St tes , f om 4 to 5 he represented Devizes in the House of Commons . On the outbreak of the war with Russia he was gazetted Adjutant

ral r a an d in 1 8 a r Gene of the C ime n Army , 54 bec me holde

r - was a r of the brevet ank of Major General . He st ong advocate of reform of the commissariat an d transport

an d r w r r service , f equently rote vigo ous lette s on these points

r r r Lea was War to Sidney He bert (Lord He be t of ) , who then r im ar . a a a h a a a Sec et y Lord R gl n s id of , in disp tch d ted

a ar 2 rd 1 8 a E r an d ra J nu y 3 , 55 Gener l stcou t Gene l Airey (respectively Adjutant-General an d Quartermaster-General ” at i r a a r a the t me) wo k incess ntly . Att cks we e m de upon ral E r i at Gene stcourt by c it cs home , but he considered them m unjust . I ay be inefficient in comparison with many ” a r m an i r r a nothe , he wrote to S dney He be t , but I h ve not i . r a was was been negl gent Negligent he ce t inly not he , as r a a a a r r an a i Lo d R gl n s id , tireless wo ke , enthusi st c sup

r oi r i a and her r an d in porte Flo ence N ghting le helpe s ,

sa f r r ces nt in his e fo ts to secu e more comfort for the wounded . Six months after Lord Raglan mentioned him in the dispatch

r was a a ra an d i just quoted f om , he tt cked by chole , he d ed ri a 2 th 8 i K B 1 as . C. . in the C me , June 4 , 55 , just the t tle of was a rr bout to be confe ed upon him . Another member of

a i r E a E E r a this f m ly , the Reve end dg r dmund stcou t , chieved

i i a r d stinct on in nothe ﬁeld . The eldest son of the Reverend

a E i ia E r r C non dmund W ll m stcou t , Recto of Long Newnton , 1 52 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

a r a at E r r in Wiltshire , he m t icul ted xete College , Oxfo d ,

1 8 at a e i a a B A in 1 8 8 an d 34 , the g of e ghteen , gr du ted . 3

. . 1 8 0 an d ar a r r a M A in 4 , ﬁve ye s l te fo med one of the l rge band of distinguished Oxford men who became converts

a a i r r - 1 8 0 was a a to the Rom n C thol c Chu ch . F om 5 he C non

r i i i a an d for of the Diocese (now A chd ocese) of B rm ngh m , many years was in charge of the Roman Catholic Mission

r im d e in Oxfo d . It was to h that Cardi nal Newman ad ress d

r 2nd 1 860 i the noteworthy lette of June , , on the quest on of a i building new Roman Cathol c church at Oxford . The ” E a i ri a r i r st bl shment , w tes Newm n , in the cou se of th s lette ,

has r a r a a er a ai U ar a i tana eve been b e kw t g nst nit i n sm , ti cism an d h as r r a , inﬁdelity . It eve loved us bette th n

i a or ri r c i Pur t ns Independents have loved us . A d it e e ves all a a an d di a i — or at a a th t buse o um of dogm t sm , le st , good i - deal of t which otherwise would be directed against us . I Should have the greatest repugnance to introducing con trov ersy into those quiet circles an d sober schools of thought which are the strength of the Church of England .

-E r a oth rons . S oth ron S e . . . e Mrs T H S stcou t , l st of the , di 1 8 0 an d was r at ed in July , 7 , bu ied Shipton Moyne , the i h r ar r E r r . e p sh chu ch of stcou t , in Glouceste shire After

S oth ron-E r ar at a a . e de th , Mr stcou t visited D rington on le st one occasion in the chancel of the church he caused to be

a a r al a re r pl ced ve y ﬁne monument t blet , to p se ve the remembrance of his wife in this parish which she loved as ” h r a ral hi at a a e n tu home . Upon s own de h the est tes p ssed - . E r m Mr . th ron . S o e to his nephew , G T . J stcou t , one ti e P for r i ir a ar M . was r No th W ltsh e , who c e ted ﬁrst B on

E r a 1 0 1 1 a stcou t of D rrington in 9 3 . He died in 9 5 , le ving

an d a are e i no heir to the title , the est tes now in poss ss on - E . S oth ron E r e . of the Reverend W . stcou t

XXVIII

D AR RINGT ON : 1 83 5— 1 8 75

ETWE EN a r B rr a ai the d ys of Robe t u ow , Ch pl n

m r a r an d r r r a to y Lo d M yo w ite of ponde ous ess ys ,

an d in i r i r i a those wh ch Chu ch l fe ev ved , hundred

an d ir ar a r arri h ad r th ty ye s l te , D ngton fou

ar a ar a h ad a vic s , not one of whom ppe s to h ve much inclin

i r i a i ar 2 n d 1 t on to ev ve nyth ng . On M ch , 754 , John Jones was i a ar 2 th 1 1 r inst tuted on J nu y 4 , 79 , Geo ge De Smeth

’ s i or De Sm eth Ma 1 1 8 1 (De m th ) Kelly on y st , 5 , John al h 1 1 Mr P a r r 2 t 8 r P a . . Ch one on Ap il 5 , 3 , Geo ge e se e se ,

a a - E a i i a i who c me of well known st R d ng f m ly , held the i i for r - r i l v ng fo ty four years . The e are many people st ll i i in ari or in its i i i r m m r him l v ng the p sh , v c n ty , who e e be the writer cherishes a keen recollection of seeing him in the old pre-restoration pulpit in his black gown an d divini ty

a i i i a . was a r a b nds He qu et , h ghly espect ble , em nently s fe

r a a i h as al if i cle gym n of school wh ch become most , not qu te , extinct his character an d performance as a parish priest m ay be sum med up in what was said of him by a labourer

’ ’ r i r in sa i for when he es gned the cu e 1 875 . I ll y th s t owd

ar r i — a a shrewdw m an p son , obse ved th s somewh t ; he ” i r r a wor r r ai n ve bothe ed us bout souls . Neve theless , ce t n im provements— of a material nature— were made about the

’ i i was Mr . P a i a r a beg nning of e se s t me . Some mount of ep r

the ar r was a done to p ish chu ch it then , no doubt , th t the

r — r r an d r a ho se box pews we e int oduced , fu nished with h ssocks an d i an d a a r a a r an d cush ons , th t yet nothe co t of pl ste I S3 1 54 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH another layer of whitewash was put on the walls whether

il a a i r m an ofﬁ ci the v l ge instrument l sts , the ﬁddle , the who a - a a u a r r ted on the double b ss , the m nip l to of the se pent ,

ﬂ autist a r ia a sat i the , who in l ter Geo g n d ys in the m ddle — gallery of the tower the Royal Arms displayed beneath

- a i a a a sa them l sted into the new v c ri te , one c nnot y with r a ara a r ce t inty . But the old Vic ge c me to be conside ed out oi- a M P r and r . a a i a d te , e se ente ed into new one , bu lt in park-like expanse on a pleasant sloping ground to the west a of the vill ge .

’ The forty-four years incumbency of this last of the old type of parson— men who remained untouched by Oxford

a a — Movements , C tholic Reviv ls , Methodist stirrings covered

a a a r a ra can the most ch r cteristic p rt of the Victo i n e . We gain a very good idea of what Darrington an d Darrington people were like during that time by remembering what our

a 1 8 and 1 8 a a f thers have told us . Between 3 2 75 m ny gre t a E a was things h ppened in ngl nd . There the Reform Act there was the Repeal of the Corn Laws there was the great an d marvellous transform ation in the Established Church there was the Restoration of the Ca tholic Hierarchy there r as The was the Crimean War the e w the Indian Mutiny . Great Exhibition was held the Newspaper Tax was taken off al r an d a ra ; most eve y Tom , Dick , H rry received the F n chise ; E ducation came within the reach of all . But none — of these things actually happened in Darrington to listen to what used to be told one by the people who lived in D arrington in those days nothing ever happened there at all

a a a . nothing , th t is , beyond the usu l incidents of vill ge life The years came an d went people sorrowed and rejoiced — some came into the world and some went out an d to all of a a a was as them , nything beyond the p rish bound ries , it were,

r far- in a ve y off planet . a a a a and Nevertheless , from wh t we h ve he rd with our e rs

a a can a a r a o i our f thers h ve told us , we g in comfo t ble n t on

1 56 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH were nominal most of them kept a pig some of them had fairly large gardens the allotments called Spring Gardens had : the a r -m an come into being vill ge wo king , indeed , had his a r a r r got something of own b ck . Ce t inly , the e we e

a at a h ad m ny poor folk , for even th t time no one shown

a r ri vill ge s how to be th fty . But few of them went to the

a r it a i a h ad h ted wo khouse when c me into be ng , though m ny

r outdoor relief brought to them by the relieving ofﬁce .

r a a r all a ar Moreove , mongst the f rmers , f om th t one he s , there was a goodly spirit of ch arity towards their dependents .

w s i r a an a ua r a . The e l ttle , if y , ct l pove ty in the vill ge The present writer some years ago asked an aged D arrington

a i a ul wom n , of except on lly good memory , if she co d tell him ’ ’ — of any time in the old days— the forties an d ﬁfties when b ad for i i a things were poor folk . After th nk ng for long

r i a r a War time , she epl ed th t du ing the time of the Crime n lump sugar was uncommonly dear— she could think of nothing else . r a B ut there were drawbacks an d disadvantages . A g e t

a arri a r and m ny of the D ngton cott ges we e very old , being

r was i a r a . old , they we e ve y d mp It qu te usu l , even in the

’ i i u al rivu ninet es , to see the mo sture r nning down the w ls in f r r r lets . Consequently , most of the people su fe ed f om heu

i m r c a l a r a m at s . A p o ession of ged fo k would h ve eve led

i a i s sad evidence of th s . Old men pottered bout on two st ck ; old women got ﬁxed in elbow-chairs an d refused to move

E an d a out of them . ven the young vigorous contr cted rheum atism and muscular ailments at an early age . Now adays we are told that rheumatism does not arise from damp or a is a i i cold if th t so , then these D rr ngton people of s xty an d seventy years ago suffered from chronic stiffness which began early an d ended at death . The general health of the people in those days was just about as good as it always is in places where the average life - is lived out of doors for fourteen hours of the twenty four . DARRINGTON 1 835- 1 875 1 57

r i i P s But now and then there we e ep dem cs . eople u ed to k i ar - r a or tal of the t me when the sc let feve c me , when the

ria was b ad or r all i diphthe , when they we e down w th the i r s r . ran n typhus . The e no wonde An open ditch dow

i a r th e a r a an d one s de of the long m in st eet , w te looked cle r S ar i and ir i even p kl ng , the women used to ﬁll the kettles w th it— nothing easier than to step out of your door an d dip your

et in r was a in a a r an d r was p . But the e de th th t w te , the e

a in a a i r de th good m ny of the wells , wh ch we e sunk in close

‘ rai a ar r proximity to cesspools an d the d n ge of the f mya ds . And so zymotic di sease ﬂourished now an d then in D arrington until modern common sense an d better knowledge close d in

i a i an d a a the Open d tch , ex m ned the wells , ﬁn lly set up proper water supply . E ducation in those days was in a very elementary condi

— i r i tion n mo e senses than one . A ﬁne new school bu lding had r a ai i ar an d i r been set up ove g nst the old T the B n , th the

i dr a r r r a r i the ch l en c r ied thei twopences eve y Mond y mo n ng . B ut it was a poor twopennyworth which they received

i i ar between then an d Fr day even ng . They le ned their a i and a ra r and a a c tech sm , few p ye s , h lf dozen hymns they

a a a a i r a i an d ri and m de some cqu int nce w th e d ng , w ting , r i ar ari i an d as as ud ment y thmet c , most of them left school soon as they could do anything which would bring in three

S a h ad r i r hillings week , they fo gotten by the t me they we e

ﬁf a had r at l AS f teen th t they eve been to school al . or the r i r r a or r . had olde folk , ve y few of them could e d w te They

r had a a r neve the ch nce to cquire lea ning . They used to - talk of some D ame school whereat scholarship coul d be had ’ one heard in the seventies of an old m an who kept a school ’ in i i i the twent es . But the percentage of ll terates was a

r i an d a m an out ve y h gh one , who could spell the simple passages in the local newspaper was considered a great scholar No better evidence of the prevalent illiteracy c ould be found than in the fact that at the little Methodist 1 58 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

’ a was a ch pel , well into the seventies , it the pr ctice to give

m at a a an out the hy ns two lines time , sc rcely y of the people present being able to read their hymn-books— though they

a a arr a a a a r inv ri bly c ied one , in comp ny with cle n , l vende S - an r a cented pocket h dke chief . M ny years before that the

a a had a at a in s me pr ctice obt ined the p rish church , but the forty years previous to 1 875 scarcely any of the poor folk — ever went to church those who did were placed in the far

m al i a co ers under the old g leries , on the princ ple th t only the

a a and ar seen qu lity , their serv nts , the f mers , should be in the ’ Lord s House . There was very little crossing of the parish boundaries in

a arr a ra a those d ys , despite the iv l of the ilw ys , two lines of

had i a a 1 8 0 which come w thin few miles of D rrington by 5 . was l a r — as a — It on y the f rme s rule who went to m arket .

an r a r at an was If y of the poo folk went nywhe e , y time , it r r a a ar nm a the younge section , who ep ired bout M ti s to one or r r a - a othe of the neighbou ing st tute hiring f irs . It was the a a at ccepted thing to st y home . Thirty years after the coming of the railways many D arrington people had never

a ra a nor a ra a r seen ilw y line ilw y engine . The e were several

’ people living in the village in the seventies who had literally

a never been out of the parish . Young l bourers an d young

a - ai a r a sa serv nt m ds who bec me hi ed out to pl ces , y , beyond o a r r at a r as r D nc ste , we e wept over their dep rtu e if they we e

a a r r a emigr ting to Americ . The e we e no j unts , no excur

a -da al a at a sions , no h lf y trips to footb l m tches W keﬁeld or ’ m n a a panto ir es at Leeds . Only the f rmers wives nd a a daughters went anywhere . It bec me the f shion for them

a r at a r r u as to spend fo tnight Sc rbo ough or B idlington , j st i t became the fashion for their parlours to be furnished with a a a a a a pi no , to the ccomp niment of which the d ughters s ng i sent mental songs on weekdays an d hymns on Sundays . As for ar r r a r for a r the f me s , they neve went nywhe e ple su e i i unles s they were dr ven thereto by pain . When the tw nges

1 60 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

a i ra i comp rison w th the fune ls . The wedd ngs were chieﬂy

r ali a r for i inte esting to en spect to s , the br degroom was almost invariably attired in the garments which his father an d r a a r had r at i an d h ad g ndf the wo n their wedd ngs , been kept in l avender in the family chest until further occasion f r i . ra r r l o fe ed But the fune ls nte ested eve yone . Nearly a l the old English customs were in evidence in D arrington up

1 8 — a a i to 75 the p ssing bell , the w tch ng of the body , the -in— a an d i lying st te viewing of the body , the b dding of guests ,

ra r as r the fune l feast . The e w p odigious waste of money

ral a - - ar r a ra s m the fune of well to do f me cost conside ble u , for r eat an d r an d ~ eve yone expected to d ink of the best , to be r ar a a an d a r p esented with sc ves , gloves , h tb nds , h ndke chiefs . Even the poor spent on a funeral what would h ave kept a

’ r i - a a for a a ar wo k ng m n s f mily h lf ye . These customs were hard to kill— in such out-of-the-world parishes as this was

ria r it a a ca i then , bu l eform , when c me to be dvo ted , met w th

a a a was i r i ri a sc nt pprov l . It cons de ed d shonou ng to the de d

‘ not to inter him to the accompaniment of much crape

a an r a a an d we ring d Ga g ntu n consumption of beef beer . All through this Middl e Victorian period the old customs

arr n P a a r a were kept up in D ingto . nc kes we e e ten on Shrove Tuesday collops of bacon on the following Thurs — — day on May 2 9th Royal Oak day every child wore an oak-sprig an d cl aimed holiday from the schoolmaster egg

ar a r r a r i g l nds (the eggs of wild birds st ung on co d , fte be ng - r ri blown) were hung over the cottage doo s in sp ng . At the vill age feast (the ﬁrst Monday following the Festival of

a r a ari r St . Luke , p t on s int of the p sh) eve ybody kept open

an d a r far an d a r i t r a house , folk c me f om ne r to ej o ce wi h el i i tions an d friends whom they never sawbut on th s occas on .

r a all i r n At Ch istm s the old festivit es we e kept up , begin ing

’ a D a r 2 1 st on St . Thom s s y , Decembe , when the women went — Thomasing collecting money from their betters . Troops of boys an d young men went round mumming ; children — DARRINGTON 1 835 1 875 1 6 1 carried round an image of the Holy Child ; elder children - a a a i a . B went w ss il ng, singing the old c rols oys went from

hri a r i a house to house on C stm s mo n ng , ch nting the old

’ ir ar Da r Nom inies the g ls followed on New Ye s y . The e was little difference between the things still done an d the — things that h ad been done hundreds of years before but

a i di r was a r a for all r i i th t l ttle ffe ence g e t one , the el g ous signiﬁcance an d association of their ceremonies an d customs r a h ad long since died out of them . Not one pe son in hundred knew what the meani ng was of the Figure which the children c arried in the box ; not one in two hundred knew why the vill age feast was kept all they knew was

a had a a e and a was th t these things lw ys been don , th t it

a r r r u pleas nt to keep them up . The e we e some othe c stoms which were not pleasant that were kept up until the last

a r r ar ari a - i — qu rte of the centu y . The b b c St ng r ding Skim — mingtou-riding in other parts of the country was one of ’ its a ra arri i them l st celeb tion in D ngton , in the sevent es , was r a i a i supp essed by the police , gre tly to the ndign t on of i a r r a the v ll ge s , who much esented , with ngry protests , this interference with wh at they deemed their undoubted

a a - i ri right to hold husb nd beat ng wife up to dicule . — There was very little sport in the parish at this era that i r - s a . ar r a , mongst the wo king folk The f me s mused them

i r u r was a an d r selves w th thei g ns , but the e no footb ll ve y ’ i ri Mr S o r -E . S th e on l ttle c cket During the ixties . stcourt presented the young men of the vill age with a set of cricket - material , an d a cricket ground was made in a ﬁeld wholly

ar r unsuited to the purpose , but nobody beyond the c pente s an d a i and ar a the bl cksm ths the grooms c ed to pl y . The fact was that the average young labourer h ad no opportunity a at a a i as a a r of pl ying nything . Such th ng S tu day half holiday was unheard of . Men worked from ﬁrst thing on a r il a S a r a i Mond y mo ning unt l st thing on tu d y n ght . The young m an who had some taste for cricket found it im M 1 62 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r a it was a - a six possible to g tify . It h lf p st every evening

’ before he had ﬁnished his day s work he then h ad to eat his

r h ad i a was suppe ; by the time he ﬁn shed th t , it growing

a a was i i dusk . Sund y fternoon the only t me on wh ch young labourers coul d h ave pl ayed cricket or football in those days — an d in those days the cursed Sabbatarian spirit of the

P r a i a l a a ar . u it ns st ll y on the vill ges like nightm e Yet , at a r i far a a E a C a th t ve y t me , w y in the South of ngl nd , h rles K an d a ingsley , one of the best wisest of country p rsons , was ra a a at E r and was encou ging Sund y g mes ve sley , ﬁnding i ul his young Toms an d D cks all the better for it . They wo d

a all for at a r h ve been the better it D rrington , whe e , in those a an d for a a an d d ys , long fterw rds , the young men boys spent a a r in at r a Sund y fte noon lounging idleness the C oss Ro ds ,

i a an d ar for unoccup ed , un mused , unc ed . i L ttle news came into the pl ace at that period . The

a r r a a r Tax county newsp pe s , up to the epe l of the Newsp pe

1 8 r a a in 55, we e not wh t they bec me within the next twenty

ar Yorkshire P ost an d ye s . The , now one of the best most i al al E a r a r ul ar far i nﬂuenti j ourn s in ngl nd , e d eg ly outs de

r a ar was in the bo ders of the county whose n me it be s , not existence in its present form as a penny p aper until 1 866 its r s r Leeds I utelli erlcer had u as a p edece so , The g , beg n

S 1 Leeds M ercur modest news heet , in 754 . The y , which a a a 1 1 8 was al r beg n in equ lly humble f shion , in 7 , so no mo e than an epitome of gathered news until 1 855 both it an d 1 8 I ntelli eucer r r . the g we e , of cou se , weeklies But in 55 M ercur a a r a the y beg n to be issued on Tuesd ys , Thu sd ys , an d Saturdays its subscribers p aid sevenpence a week for

r was a r the th ee issues . It the ﬁrst Leeds newsp pe to be

i a an d at a a in 1 861 . publ shed d ily , penny this h ppened Many of the Darrington farmers took in the M ercury until

P ost a as a a P ost the c me out d ily then they turned to the , i because it represented their own Tory princ ples . But the rest of the people got such news as they could from

1 64 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH most folk nothing but events of the ﬁrst an d last importance — could justify the sending of a telegr am such as that Bona

a h ad a ai a Mr p rte come to life g n, or th t . Cobden h ad b een

r a a or a was a c e ted Duke , th t the young Queen bout to marry P the ope of Rome . And nob ody could possibly be per suaded a an am a an th t y telegr , when it did come , cont ined y — thing but the news of a dea th with the consequence that all ra r all teleg ms we e left unopened until the household , an d as a i as o i h ad nl m ny ne ghbours p ss ble , been solem y a a i at ssembled to ss st the opening .

a a r h ad a In those d ys the l boure s no votes wh t is more ,

h ad r av they no desi e to h e votes . Their knowledge of

i was a r a pol tics of ve y element ry nature . They knew there were men who were Blues they al so knew there were other

r . al men who we e Yellows Sometimes , they so knew , the Yellows governed the country sometimes the Blues

nl a a r a s governed it . The o y st tesm n they eve he rd of wa

P a r — was an d a was lme ston who he , wh t he , they did not

had a — r a a know , but they he rd of him pe h ps bec use he once visited Pontefract an d opened a new market-hall in that r sub lirn el and a ancient borough . But they we e y h ppily — ’ ignorant of everything political Lady War wick s beau-ideal i a a r had of the intell gent pe s nt , Joseph A ch , not his counter ’ i in a . r part D rrington , even in the s xties And they we e

r a . a a are all ve y h ppy without politics Now d ys , when we

a or a Soci lists , whether we like to be not , when government of all the tal ents has deprived us of all indi vidual effor t an d

ai a a a m a bids f r to m ke us into set of m chines , we y look back on these voteless labourers and consider them happy a as a had people . They would h ve been just h ppy if no vote ever been given to them by fatuous politicians who believed a a that they were dying to h ve it . No l bourer in these parts

a a r a i wanted vote , no l boure knew wh t to do w th it when

a i a a a a r he got it . M ny m st kes h ve been m de bout the ural — a r a r and a i l boure s in th t espect one , perh ps the b ggest , DARRINGTON 1 835—1 875 1 65

' was that he desired a v ote in order to bring in the Radi cals . Whereas the real truth is that no gr eater Tory than the rural labourer ever existed it would have been strange if it h ad

r i a r i al ui been othe wise , cons dering th t his th ee ntellectu g des

l a i ar an d in vil ge l fe , the squire , the p son , the Methodist

r i a a arr . ministe , were nv ri bly Tory to their m ows But he — was a Tory of the quiescent order the Toryism was deep

his a an d had i a a down in he rt , he no des re th t nybody should i r drag it to his lips or h s ﬁnge s . ’ — Nobody— well into the S eventies wanted to drag any a an thing to the surface at Darrington . Nobody w nted y

a r r i thing new . The f rme s we e do ng well ; the people , if

in r r at a r a not living luxu y , we e le st comfo t ble ; some of

r r r r a i a was a r them we e p ospe ous . The g e t de to le ve eve y

al i as al as thing one . And noth ng w left so much one the i r . r 1 8 0 a r . Chu ch The Chu ch , in 7 , typiﬁed D r ington l fe ’ The Oxford Movement— if we date it from K eb le s famous

r r i P at r ul 1 Assize Se mon in the Unive s ty ulpit Oxfo d , J y 4th , — 1 833 had been then in existence thirty-seven years it was

a r a a a a a . m ny hund eds of ye rs w y from D rrington , so to spe k Since 1 850 all sorts of surprising changes h ad taken place in the conduct of the services of the Established Church

r no change had taken place at D arrington . The old chu ch i was l i r a r r tself sti l em nently Geo gian . Its w lls we e colou washed the beautiful pillaring was covered with inn um er a a r of a r an a r r r ble l ye s pl ste d whitew sh . The e we e th ee hideous galleries at the west end ; the Lion and Unicorn ur fig ed on the front of the middle one . The body of the church was filled with horse-box pews some fine old

ar r i a a r benches , with c ved ends , we e h dden w y unde the

’ ar n a for r " al d k ess of the g lleries , the poo to sit on One h f ’ the chancel was ﬁlled with the Vicar s pew in it two of the ’ misereres were placed for the Vicar s wife an d daughter to occupy two other sedilia of the same sort were set at the a i end of the ch ncel , the middle of wh ch was ﬁlled with 1 66 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

e r - sat act as r b nches whe eon the school children to choi . The communion table was the old table tomb of William Farrer it was covered with a dingy cloth on which the

ar r a an d r f me s used to set their h ts , the cle k his inkpot an d ri a r al at r w ting m te i s the vestry meetings . The se vices were of the drabbest an d dullest sort conceivable ; the

r a a sermons we e mor l ess ys , to which everybody listened in ’ the spirit of Tennyson s Northern Farmer

’ ’ ’ n d w I thowt a said who t a owt to h a s aid a I coom a a éiy .

a a a a a Nobody c red very much wh t nybody s id in those d ys , so long as the even stream of village life ﬂowed placidly on . — It was a quiet an d mellow time an d upon its quietude there suddenly came two new factors which drove it into the past

r r One was a a ri ra a fo eve . the gre t g cultu l dis ster of the ’ i ar r a a . e ly seventies the othe , the coming of new V c r

1 68 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

r a a a— it a r a f om other pl ces th n Americ c me f om Hung ry , Am a a a . a Russi , South eric C ttle beg n to be dumped down in thousands where they had come in hundreds wool c ame

far-off ral a i r a in from the Aust i n cont nent , which inc e sed

a a i h ad a as r e r ste m f cilit es pl ced , it we e , n xt doo to us . The apostles of the Cobden school had forgotten th at the whole

was nk an d a r ra a world being li ed up , th t F ee T de opened wide door in this country through which all other countries

a o ar r ar t he would h sten to thrust its g ods . The f me le nt

’ c i a r a i it e onom c f ct , with bitte emph s zing of , in the seven i i t es . He found that in h s own particul ar industry he was suddenly face to face with the competition of the entire r a i r wo ld . With this sudden st rtl ngly developed ush of

r i i a r m an r fo e gn competit on c me misfo tune . No in the wo ld is so dependent upon weather as the farmer is : for the

’ greater p art of the seventies the E nglish farmer experienced not merely spells but seasons an d years of b ad weather .

For several years in succession crop after crop was ruined .

wa a i 1 8 a a To this s dded further d saster . In 79 c me terrible - epidemic of Sheep rot millions of sheep died under it . It was followed four years later by an equally serious outbreak

-an d- i a i a r i of foot mouth d se se , in wh ch v st numbe s of p gs ,

and a as a a a i sheep , c ttle were lost . It seemed if conc ten t on of evil circumstances were coiling itself about the English farmer with intent to choke the life out of him . — The clim ax of b ad weather seasons cam e in 1 879 a year which is still talked of with muttered whisperings an d signiﬁcant shakings of the head amongst elderly an d middle E a an d a . a all a um ged men It r ined th t s mer in ngl nd , the E r nglish corn crops were ruined . Not so the c ops on the

r a r vi gin soils of Am erica . Whe t pou ed in from those wide

r a a r a i an d sp e ding cornl nds in p odigious qu nt ties , it con — i ued e P r and a . t n to com . ices fell continued to f ll The average price of wheat for the twenty years between 1 880

d 1 00 as 5 a r r r an a . 9 w 33 . qu rte But there we e pe iods during

1 70 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

e a ank h as an d old st industry th t m ind ever known , still r a the g e test in this country . Within ten years from the beginning of the really b ad i r t me the results we e enormous . Landed proprietors found

a r S their incomes seriously diminished f rme s , in pite of the al a wholes e lowering of rents , of const nt reductions on the

r an d a wa r lowe ed rents , of v rious shifts in the y of relief , we e a a ur r a Cai ruined ; the w ges of the l bo e s fell . Sir J mes rd estim ated that between 1 876 an d 1 886 the annual income a a a - a r and of these three cl sses , l ndlords , ten nt f rme s , a r r di r b ad l bou e s , minished by over Mo e ’ a a i ur e r se sons in the e rly ninet es , f ther incr ase of fo eign

a a r l r n competition , only m de m tters wo se . Unti ece t — times from a cause which no Englishman desired to see

r u — a a sp ing p they h ve been little better, in spite of l bour a saving machinery and less expense in production . Wh t the future of agri culture will be when the present disturbance E a a is a of urope n pe ce is over , question which will need very subtle an d deep-reaching processes of thought and enquiry on the part of statesmen an d economists before anythin g like a satisfactory answer to it is given . Upon such a purely agricultural vill age as Darrington the effects of this widespreadi ng disaster were app arent in the ” ’ i r a a . seventies , but more pp rent in the eight es The ents

ra h ad a r i fell. conside bly ; even when they f llen , educt ons an d allowances were always being made . Most of the

r a r a farmers we e men of subst nce , who stood to thei f rms

i or was when they d ed , if they left them , the tendency to

r a b ad cut the farms up into smalle holdings thing , for no i r r di d an his a a or l ttle farme eve y good to l ndlord , his l nd , e a a r era an hims lf . The w ges of the l bou ers fell consid bly 20 an d old wages book shows th at men who were getting 5 . P a 8 . d 1 . 1 0 1 1 8 a 1 3 . an 8s . in 73 were gl d to get 7 5s in 9 erh ps because food was cheap there was no great falling off in the i i a standard of life an d comfort . But cond t ons ch nged the THE AGRICULTURAL DISASTER 1 71

h a r folk who ad cleaved to the soil beg n to leave it . The e r a a al i a r n we e few c ses of ctu em gr tion , but numbe s of you g

a a a for an d ra men beg n to le ve the vill ge the town , their nks were increased as the various labour-saving machines were i r nt oduced . By the end of the ﬁrst twenty years of this r a ral r a had pe iod of gricultu dep ession , D rrington become — an utterly changed place the ancient characteristics of

E i ra i had a a a r ngl sh ru l l fe completely p ssed w y f om it . XXX

T H E R EVIVAL OF CH URC H LIFE

T the very time of the beginning of decline in its

a D ar one industry , Church life in the p rish of rington saw the commencement of a striking i r a . 1 8 ev v l In 75 the long incumbency of Mr .

a a F or ar a i Pe se came to n end . some ye s he h d b een n a

a a an d was a a i feeble st te of he lth , the duty t ken by success on

ra a r a a of cu tes , sc rcely one of whom em ined in the vill ge r i a a 1 8 . a r mo e th n few months . On June th Mr Pe se es gned

an d 8 r a a the living , on the th Septembe following the v c ncy thus caused was ﬁlled by the institution of the Reverend

’ h A ra a Wran am M . . . C Digby St ngew ys g , , St John s ollege , r for a had a Ca Oxfo d , who some ye rs been Vic r of South ve , E a in the st Riding .

r - Mr . W angh am came of an old and well known E ast

i a for a R ding f mily , closely connected long time with Hull an d a a r r a Wran ham was a M lton . His f the , Mr . Se ge nt g , famous barrister who for some years was Leader of the

P ar ia a B ar an d ra a a l ment ry , when the ilw ys c me into being was Counsel for the old London and York (now the Great

a a an d for and Northern) R ilw y . the North Kent South B a m a a r was a ste R ilw y . He , howeve , not gre tly known in r a a a a Yo kshire his f ther, the celebr ted Archde con Wr ng ham was as a a a r a . w , , for m ny e sons He Vic r of Hunm nby , an a and a a ncient deeply interesting vill ge ne r Bridlington , an d was a m an he was Archdeacon of the E ast Riding . He

a ra a and a l a e of gre t lite ry t stes bi ities poem of his , entitl d 1 72

1 74 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH restoring civil an d religious liberty to their Catholic fellow - all r r subjects . But out of the cle gy p esent only two sup

r a a u Letters o P eter l po ted the uthor of the f mo s f P y m ley . One was Archdeacon Wrangh am the other was the

r ia ar r Reve end Will m Vernon H court , son of the A chbishop

r an d a a a a Sir i ia of Yo k , f ther of the f mous st tesm n , W ll m

r ar u . sa a a r Ve non H co rt Needless to y, petition of ve y different nature to that proposed by Sydney Smith was a dopted by the meeting . But Sydney Smith soon dis tinguished himself by a further advocacy of wh at he ﬁrmly believed to be a measure of common fairness an d justice at r at r e the Tige Inn , Beve l y , in the following month , he

a a r ia and a z m de nothe brill nt witty speech , in which he s tiri ed an d r a - idiculed the rguments of his fellow clergy . On this

a a Wran ham was a an d a a occ sion Archde con g in the ch ir , g in

an a supported Sydney Smith . There is musing reference to the Beverley meeting in a letter addressed by Sydn ey i M r a r r r . a a a . Sm th to his f iend D venpo t , Membe of P rli ment

r at r i r I slept , he w ites , the Tige Inn the n ght befo e [the

an d a r a a meeting] , sked the se v nts of the Inn wh t they u thought of the Catholics and P rotestants . I m st inform

a ai was you of the result . The ch mberm d decidedly for the

was Ca . Church of England . Boots for the tholics The waiter said he h ad often (God forgive him wished them ” r both confounded togethe . W an h am a a was Mr . . . r D S g , the new Vic r of D rrington , ordained in the old (undivided) diocese of Gloucester an d 1 8 8 r an d was ra a 1 . B istol , cu te of B dminton from 54 to 59

a ra a arr a r Himself g ndchild of the Archde con , he m ied nothe a ai a grandchild , Agnes August R kes , the second d ughter of

r ai Llw n e rin ar ro r M . Henry R kes of y g , ne Mold her b the , a a a - a a Mr . Henry Cecil R ikes , bec me well known st tesm n , — a a - a 1 886 1 8 1 r an d w s Postm ster Gener l in 9 , unde Lord a a had a in Salisbury . The R ikes f mily long been f mous Gloucestershire by reason of the philan thropic work of THE REVIVAL OF CHURCH LIFE 1 75

e a r r Gloucester ournal r Rob rt R ikes , p oprieto of the J f om

1 1 802 was r a a 757 to , who one of the ﬁrst st enuous dvoc tes r r and 1 80 at r r of p ison eform , in 7 founded Glouceste the ﬁ st - r Mr Wran ham Sunday schools known in this count y . . g

adm i 1 8 his r a i i ara left B nton in 59, on p esent t on to the V c ge

a a a at r r i of South C ve , vill ge the southe n ext em ty of the

i r a r a i ar Yorksh re Wolds . He e he found chu ch of no p rt cul

a or r an d a ar a i ari ar be uty inte est , l ge str ggl ng p sh , one p t of i i . ar r wh ch extended to the Humber In this p t , du ng his

ar at B room ﬂeet incumbency of sixteen ye s , he founded , , a a an d its r its ar a an d its new p rish , built chu ch , p son ge , m an i ra r in r a i a i schools . A of cons de ble ene gy o g n z t on ,

Mr r ham his a a for arr . W an g , on le ving South C ve D ington in 1 8 i a i a r ra i 75 , mmedi tely dec ded to undert ke the esto t on

a r an d ar his i i i of D r ington Church , within ﬁve ye s of nst tut on - the much needed work had been done . But before Dar

r was r af r r ra a r rington Chu ch eopened , te esto tion , new chu ch had i i E Si a ara been bu lt n the parish . ver nce the dis ppe nce a a at Wen tb rid e in i of the old Ch ntry ch pel g , the m ddle of a i the sixteenth century , the folk of th t outlying townsh p had been obliged to walk to D arrington for the services of

i r i i the church . The d stance was th ee m les t involved the climbing of a long hill in winter an d b ad weather it was a

r a a . a Mr ra se ious t sk to ttempt About the time th t . W ng h m a am arr . ar a c e to D ington , Mrs Hope B ton of St pleton decided to build a church at Wentb ridge in memory of her a i husb nd . A part cularly charming site on a gentle slope

a i r r on the b nk of the R ve Went , ove hung by the fringe of

B rockodal e was r a a the Woods , chosen , the wo k went p ce , an d r 1 8 8 r i a in Novembe , 7 , the new chu ch , ded c ted to

. E a was a Dr . T St John the v ngelist , consecr ted by homson , l l Archbishop of York . Sir Arthur B om ﬁ e d was the archi tect r r a was i r i of the new chu ch the o g n bu lt by Mess s . H ll an d a i Sons ; the st ined glass was made by Messrs . Burl son and Gr lls i y . W th the building of Wentb ridge Church the 1 76 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH ecclesiastical boundary of the p arish of Darrington was so as Wentb rid e a extended to include the whole of g vill ge , i a i h ad ara a wh ch , up to th t t me , been in three sep te p rishes - a r d a an a h . D rrington , Ki k Sme ton , B dswort

a C r its a was D rrington hu ch , on the eve of restor tion , if a a r a a it h ad for a a nything, in wo se st te th n been h lf e . was rar u a an d c ntury It ely used , except on S nd ys , on

a i i u as i an d u a occ s ons of strict necess ty , s ch wedd ngs f ner ls , an d to enter it was to enter upon an atmosphere of a an d nl d mp , dirt , gloom . The services were slove y ; the

r i an alr a a r - r a i int oduct on of e dy ne rly wo n out o g n , wh ch replaced a harmonium that h ad in i ts time replaced the dl a an d a h ad ﬁd e , the b ss , the serpent of the musici ns , done nothing to im prove the musical character of the

r a i r r a ra litu gy . The p rish one s we e n tu lly beginning to — — lose if they had not already lost all interest in the church

B a of which their forefathers h ad been so proud. ec use it

’ h ad al a a r a w ys been the custom to do so , the f rme s f milies foll owed the example of the gentry an d went to church of a Sunday morning some few went again on a Sunday after noon— but a suggestion that they Should go thither on a

’ a D a or an al i a a S int s y , on y festiv wh ch did not f ll on Sund y , woul d have been met with amazement by anyone in the

ll a i vi ge , h gh or low .

F r r ar a r an om the pu ely chitectur l point of View , the e is excellent description of wh at Darri ngton Church was like

’ ran h am s r ra a Sir before Mr . W g esto tion of it in the l te ’ n r i Stephen Gly ne s Notes on Yo kshire Churches , wh ch have appeared from time to time in the Yorkshire Archwa

i n d a i lo ical ourn al . r a g J His desc ipt on , the d te of his vis t to a are ra r D rrington , given in the following ext ct f om volume xvii

b hi r is in m a a r in er tin . F e 1 1 86 2 . . 9 , T s chu ch ny w ys ve y t es g i ha i The plan is a nave with n orth and south a sles . C ncel w th n r a w r a in a e an d o th ch pel . To e eng ged the west end of the n v

1 78 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH in i the an r and i ai a h g nto ch t y nto the sle of the n ve . The c antry a is a ri r m a i a n ar r i rib ch pel lso cu ous f o h v ng sto e ched oof w th s, m i i the ran in hi am t n so eth ng l ke south t sept of M c n H p o . The r is hi h i h and has in its a the i a a oof g p tc ed , pex on west s de l ncet r he r he ai Th as i w is t t . e c t ra d seen ove oof of sle w ndo Deco te , r i h r r i is ri a . ar t an n r of th ee l g ts , l tely esto ed Ne e ched co bel . The r rn i are P r di ar hr i h m r no the w ndows e pen cul , of t ee l g ts , e ely m u li n and i the a end ar e two r l o ed fo led . At e st ve y fine stone efii ies a ni r - arin a i h ar d i a g k ght , c oss legged , be g sh eld c ge w th l ti r and a a i h in a r is a . a s e , l dy w t jo ed h nds The south po ch fine rat on e i ara r and a i a t n a Deco ed , of sol d ch cte lofty, h v ng s o e v ult i ar h n ri in i ar r hir w th the c ed sto e bs so often seen th s p t of Yo ks e . i hi it a fi n e E ar E n i rwa a i t r r r W t n ly gl sh doo y , h v ng h ee o de s of m in and a i h m d r nd a ita r ould g sh fts w t oul ed ou c p ls . The towe — is low and not im posing it seem s to have som e Norm an in redi en s is a The r wi d on he t ar . t g , but p tly deb sed belf y n ows and a are rm a i and r are south e st No n, the west w ndows doo s a P r i ar L te e pend cul .

In spit e of ’ the fact that the restoration of the church was

t a am ur ar was en rusted to f ous ﬁrm of ch ch chitects , there some curious carelessness shown during the early stages of

r a i re- a a the wo k . Some of the be ut ful old p Reform tion gl ss

Mr was r a s . ar found lying in the chu chy rd by Hope B ton , ﬂung away by workmen who evidently did not know its value ;

as Mr much of it was al ready in fragments ; such of it s . Hope Barton could rescue She c aused to be c arefully placed

. ar al r in one of the new windows . Mrs Hope B ton so escued several l arge tombstones which h ad formerly l ain in the ch ancel and with some difﬁcul ty succeeded in having them i i i r or a r-b r in r a s . epl aced their o ig n l po itions A v s to , p sse y ,

r ra i a ra during the p ocess of resto tion p cked up ﬁne old b ss , a r a an d arr it off i sked the wo kmen if he could h ve it , c ied w th

— as a for a him to keep , curiosity , some ten ye rs , when he

i r a a r . ar g ve it b ck to the chu ch A p ish one , bent on getting

a ul a a off a a wh t he co d out of the old pl ce , c rried p nel of the a r an d it his i st e r it was ncient west doo , ﬁtted up in p g y ; the e

r r a Ca a a discove ed by the p esent vic r , non Atkinson , ye r or THE REVIVAL OF CHURCH LIFE 1 79

is ra and a i two ago . It now f med hung up ne r the pos tion r ri ar an in scri in which it ﬁgured for th ee centu es . It be s p — T E — i S a tion H oe osti 1 582 fecit . . wh ch seems to how th t

r it r a ar was a a ari i r the doo of which fo med p t m de by p sh one , ’ a B a a r ia a is r r Thom s nkes , whose d ughte Luc s b ptism eco ded i a a ar in i in the register as hav ng t ken pl ce in the ye quest on . — About this time an d arising out of the restoration of the church— a most deplorable piece of vandalism took pl ace in

i a r i a . ar n D rrington Just outs de the g te of the chu chy d ,

a a r ai r i a r the l ne le ding f om the m n st eet of the v ll ge , the e

for a a r ari h ad stood m ny centu y the old p sh stocks . They

r in air i i i - r a i we e f ly good cond t on , desp te the ill t e tment wh ch

had r i r ra i r they ece ved f om gene t ons of thoughtless youngste s . i ri sat a i The bench on wh ch the culp ts , the two pl nks wh ch

a a a ri a m de f st their nkles , the up ghts which held the pl nks ,

r an d i r i a a a though much wo n ch pped , we e still so nt ct th t very little renovation would have preserved them for i i r . was a centu es to come Close by the stocks , on one s de , mounting-step for horsemen on the other was what was

d ari i i - r i an undoubte ly the p sh wh pp ng post , fu nished w th a i ai r i a i u i nc ent ch n . All these el cs of nt q ity stood aga nst

a ar — a r - the w ll of the p ish pound c lled the e the pin fold . — The pound was of great age the pinders are mentioned

r r r i r a . i f equently in the p ish egiste s Now stocks , wh pp ng

an d - r l and a a post , mounting step we e pu led down swept w y a was and the w ll of the pound pulled down , too , the pound itself gravelled an d turned into an open space for the accom m i i r i odat on of carr ages . No wo se p ece of b ad taste in connection with an ancient village can be imagin ed : one ﬁnds it difﬁ cult to enter into the state of mind of people who could stand by an d calmly permit such outrages to a a i i . r r ari t ke pl ce But nobody p otested , e the nside the p sh or it— an d i - was r a i out of yet the wh pping post p ob bly un que , an d in the whole of Yorkshire there are sc arcely any of the old stocks left . 1 80 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

— From his parishi oners as a whole leaving the door a r a i a — Mr pp opri t ng gentlem n on one side . Wrangham received as generous support in his efforts to restore the ancient church as the long-dead generations of D arrington folk had given to the church in other circumstances in other and ff r i di e ent ages . The ndifference of the past three hundred years was suddenly swept away those who had an interest in the parish an d those who lived in it gave gener ousl an d i a m ra r as ar i ar y , w th d i ble disce nment to p t cul needs . r a a a r r d Th ee f milies in p rticul r dese ve reco d of their eeds .

- . E Mr . S oth eron a . . r a r The lord of the m nor, G T J stcou t ( fte ar r E a 0 he r E w ds Lo d stcourt) , g ve £35 t Reve end . N . B . E 200 . r a stcourt , £ The executo s of the l te John Hope

ar a a 00 Mrs . a r B ton of St pleton , g ve £5 B rton the elde

a B ar a r M (widow of John W tson ton) g ve the re edos ; rs . Hope B arton (who had al ready built Wentb ridge Church) a 0 r a an d r g ve £5 , the f ont l se vice books for the communion a and a ra i was ar t ble , window in the north t nsept , wh ch l gely made of fragments of pre-Reformation glass which had been i a n the old east window of the chancel . A very ﬁne new e st

o was r a wind w given by the membe s of the B dsworth Hunt , i B h ir e r E n ar t at a . a memory of John Hope ton , e l M ste qu lly m uniﬁcent r a a were the gifts of the Lees of G ove H ll , much respected family which had been settled in an outlying part 1 80 d f r a Mrs . a an of the p arish o a hundred ye rs . Lee g ve £

t a 0 . . a a a 0 . new org n , cost of £5 Mr W F Lee , in memory — - nd a r . ar a a a of his f the , Mr Rich d Thom s Lee well known — greatly honoured ﬁgure of the Mid-Victorian times gave a

i a r a i new communion service , cons sting of mode n ch l ce ,

- Mr ‘ W a ﬂa on an d a a . . . p ten , g , lms dish , speci lly designed by A

T . P . a B lom ﬁ eld an d a . , m de by of London There were m ny i a a other handsome special gifts an d donat ons . Mrs . S yle g ve

1 0 and a i her a Dr . £ 4 new west w ndow in memory of husb nd ,

rid . a a r a a at Wentb e . S yle , membe of f mily once settled g Mrs Oliver gave a two-light north window in memory of her

1 82 ME MORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

’ largely instrumental in transforming the old Parson s Dove

a Mr a a n rid e cot into Church House ; s . Le th m of We tb g built a handsome an d well-contrived Convalescent Home in

r her a Mr E a a at ar memo y of husb nd , . dmund Le th m v ious

’ a a r was u a periods new Schoolm ste s House b ilt , new

’ a -r i a a a . Re ding oom est bl shed , new Inf nts School set up The churchyard was enlarged a handsome Lych-gate

r at its ra a -oi— a at a P a e ected ent nce ch pels e se St pleton rk , and at Cr r r . r idling , we e founded The towe of the chu ch was r ar a r ra r ra a resto ed , some ye s fte the gene l esto tion ;

was a an d i a i B r new bell dded , ded c ted by the B shop of eve ley

1 8 r r i E i a i in 95 two mo e bells we e given by M ss l z Leck e ,

Dr a arr an d a . a a r of D ington , dedic ted by M cl g n , A chbishop

r ar . a r r was of Yo k , in the following ye L te the chu ch lighted

a as an d in 1 1 r ir P ari r by cetylene g , 9 4 the Yo ksh e sh Registe

i r r r . are Society pr nted its egiste s All these things , of cou se , outward an d material signs of a revival the deeper sign iﬁ cance of that m ay be best judged by the p arishioners for a ar a themselves , who m ny ye s h ve seen the services of their church redeemed from the carelessness an d irreverence into which they had been so long plunged .

Wran h m a ar arr for Mr . g a rem ined Vic of D ington twelve years after he had successfully c arried out the restoration

r m an a i r an of the chu ch . A of comm nd ng p esence , excellent

a a C a a a org nizer , hurchm n of the school of De n Hook ,

u a a r a r r i a a sing l rly ble p e che , he exe c sed gre t inﬂuence in his parish an d left a tradi tion which will long remain . He was a m an r ara r a r raconteur an d of st ong ch cte , bo n , pos sessed of great wit an d humour he h ad inherited much

i ra a an d was at arr l te ry bility , while he D ington published two works of great value— one a translation of The Liturgi cal

Vi ctor r a al ara P oetr o Adam o S t. y f f the othe , metric p

ra P a i L ra Re i s . ph se of the s lms , under the t tle y g He died

1 8 2 and was at a ar in 9 , buried the e st end of the churchy d , a a a had bene th the ch ncel w ll , by the side of his wife , who THE REVIVAL OF CHURCH LIFE 1 83

r a him a a . p edece sed by few ye rs His only son , the Reverend M A was i a r a ra Wran h am . F ncis g , some t me l te cur te of a for six a r in D rrington ye rs , Recto of Long Newnton

r b r 1 01 1 1 and Gloucestershire f om Septem e , 9 , to April , 9 7 , is now Rector of H ardenhuish in Wiltshire and Rural Dean

C a of hippenh m . One of the most interesting matters in connection with the modern history of Darrington Church occurred soon Ca after the coming of Canon Atkinson to the parish . non Atkinson di scovered in the garden wall of a farmstead at Cridling P ark a sculptured stone on which was carved

a a . a cruciﬁx of undoubted ntiquity This relic , m de of

a a an d a a b e fri ble s ndstone , then b dly dec ying , rescued r its unﬁ ttin rr and a a f om g su oundings, c used to be pl ced in a the e st wall of the south ai sle of the church . The following account of the cruciﬁx appeared in the D arrington P arish a az for a a 1 06 an d a a M g ine J nu ry , 9 , is b sed upon description l a Mr a of the re ic written by the l te . Rich rd Holmes , the

a a ar a for ournal o the le rned ntiqu y of Pontefr ct , the J f Yorkshire Archw ic c t 1 8 1 r alo al S o ie . g y , vol xi , 9 The write

r x as a considers it [the c uciﬁ ] to be unique , in ddition to the ordinary transverse beam on which the arms of Our Saviour are has a a a extended , the sculptor dded second of ex ctly a a a a S a a the s me ch r cter, lso lightly exp nded tow rds the

r i r s ext em ties . Without the second beam the C os would have been a well-proportioned Latin Cross ; without the second beam an d all below it we should have had a Greek r l a a C oss whi e without the ddition l four inches , two inches at a r r a a u e ch ext emity of the lowe be m , th t is , red cing the r l eleven inches to seven , the size of the uppe limb , the who e would form a double cross similar to that of the Order of the

r r r i an d an e Holy Sepulch e , of good p opo t on , of xceedingly

a ar i r r a i gr ceful ch acter . W th regard to the ep esent t on of

a r a are r a S i the S viou , the rms outst etched , though with l ght are ra and a a droop the legs st ight , with the feet sep r ted 1 84 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

r as is a e r r r a r (not c ossed , the c s in mode n ep esent tions) the e

a ar r for B a a is no pp ent suppo t them , the ody being tt ched to the Cross by four nails in all (as was usual until about an d r as Si e a a an d not by th ee , nc th t d te , now . The six spaces between the Figure an d th e two be ams contain a i a l-ﬂ r r s mple b l owe with four petals . The write considers

i i r as a 1 1 80—1 220 or a th s un que sculptu e of the d te , bout the

i ar Had it ar i r re gn of King Rich d I . been e l e there would have been no ball-ﬂ ower h ad it been much l ater there

a ai at r would h ve been only one n l the foot of the C oss , while both the predominance of the Greek form in the Cross and its simil arity to th at borne by some of the late Twelfth Century Crusaders point to the probability of the ” rua C s de origin of the design .

a r r r r m a af a D r ington Chu ch , the efo e , y s ely cl im to possess — at any rate one English antiquity th at is unique no p arti culars of any ancient sculpture at all resembling this are i i known to our antiquar es an d arch m olog sts . But the church as it is to-day is full of m atters of vast interest to all

r a a rr r a love s of the p st . Simil r tu et towe s to th t on the north Side of the Lady Chapel m ay be seen at one or two

E i r an d a at a other ngl sh chu ches , not bly th t of Bugthorpe

E a i al r in the st R ding , but the stone g le y which is over the

ra a a r a as as ent nce to the L dy Ch pel is , pe h ps , unique the - i an d ﬁ f twelfth century cruc ﬁx . And in the fourteenth teenth- r a a r at r ra i an d centu y gl ss , h ppily escued the esto t on

r a efﬁ ies now in the no th window of the ch pel , in the two g of

a ar an d ara l scm a W rren de Sc gill Cl his wife , in the ogee p

r r i it a i an d the cu ious t efoil open ng close by , in the nc ent

r r an d i r is a a a i mise e es , in the old pulp t , the e we lth of ntiqu ty

r not easily equalled even in this county of venerable chu ches .

XXXI

T H E P RE S ENT AND T H E F UT URE

HOEVE R h as watched English rural life with careful attention an d sympathy dur ing the last forty years knows that in that time a vast

r i change has come ove t . E verything is changed we are a new people we are going to be a newer

r it or a are people . Whethe we like not , the old d ys dead .

r f r r a ar a Nothing could be mo e di fe ent , mo e widely p t th n the ’ Darr i an d the a ington l fe of the seventies , D rrington life of

- r a a r r a i to day . The e h ve been m ny cont ibuto y c uses to th s

f r r al C r r di fe ence . The eviv of hu ch life , the inte esting of the

r a a r r a people in Chu ch ff i s , the b inging them to see th t the

r is r al i m an d it has Chu ch e ly someth ng to the they to , been - i a a r a . r a a one gre t , one deep e ch ng c use The sp e d of educ

i r m a il i ra i t on has been another . The e y st l be ill te te folk n

i ar a r are th s p ish , but they must be few wh t few the e must

r a a l a r h be ve y old . The dvent of the d i y newsp pe as been — a cause the days when the labourer got his news of the world from some chance hearing of scraps read out of a beer

ai ﬂ - al i n at st ned , y blown loc sheet , thumbed to th n ess the

- u are r for a a ar a r public ho se , ove ; m ny ye these vill ge s have been able to get their evening paper as soon as their ’ a r a al a i i i d y s work was done . Inc e sed post f c l t es an d the setting up of the electric telegraph have made yet another a — a r i r c use they h ve b ought the outs de wo ld nearer . So a ra a a i a h ve ilw ys so h ve b cycles . In the old d ys the young men an d young women rarely went anywhere nowadays 1 85 1 86 ME MORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH cheap excursion trains an d their own bicycles carry them r r whe eve they like to go . The big towns of the West Riding are as familiar to them as their own elm-trees where not

a h ad sea r r or one of their ncestors seen the , or Yo k Minste , an d r a all Hull its docks , sco es of them h ve seen these things ,

a a ar m ny of them h ve seen London itself . They e no longer a r z E vill ge s they h ave become citi ens of an mpire . And

i r a i has this widening of view , th s b o den ng of experience ,

r r h as a a r p oduced excellent esults . There been v st imp ove — ment in manners here again the chief credit of the lifting

r a r far up is due to the eviv l in Church life . The e is less

r a far ar far a far b ut lity , less co seness , less drunkenness ,

r a a ra a a a bette st nd rd of mo ls . The t ste for musements of semi-brutal sort which was still existent in the Mid-Victorian r i a a an d ra pe iod is wellnigh ext nct new t stes for rts c fts , for i for ﬂ ower- for a - a mus c , growing , cott ge g rdening , even for r a i a a a a e d ng , h ve t ken the pl ce of the ple sures which ,

a as a r- ai and c -ﬁ htin if not so degr ding b dge b ting ock g g, i did l ttle to yield sensible enj oyment . In spite of the long spell of agricultural depression the rural labourer is better off to-day than at any period of the a l a ra l st four centuries . It wou d indeed be st nge thing if he

r m an has a a we e not . No been more legisl ted for th n he

ri - was du ng the l ast twenty six years . He given the right to vote in 1 884— many of us are still old-fashioned enough

r r r a to think (judging , of cou se , f om our own expe ience) th t

was a an d a i ar r he not nxious to vote , is not p rt cul ly desi ous a a af of exercising his privilege nowad ys . L ws fecting the — education of his children were passed for his and their — b eneﬁt in 1 8 6 1 8 1 1 02 an d 1 06 . o a m 7 , 9 , 9 , 9 The L c l Gove ment Act of 1 894 gave him power to assist in the manage ment of his own vill age through Parish Councils an d Parish i a 0 1 00 6 rd and 6 th . Meetings . The 3 4 V ctori xxii , 9 , ex tended to him the right to compensation for accidents met

a a a e in 1 8 6 with during employment . Acts of P rli ment p ss d 7 ,

1 88 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH in the expanse of l and under wheat of nearly two hundred a d i u a a r Nor r — n s xty tho s nd c es . is this enti ely owing if it — is owing at all to the special condi tions under which we

r now ﬁnd ou selves . — The very life not to speak of the prosperity— of a village

a h as a r i like D rrington , which lived by g iculture s nce the

a C r - ax d ys when the elts we e driven out by the Anglo S ons ,

a an d a r a depends upon f rming , wh t the futu e of f rming is to be in England in the days which are coming must needs be

and a E ali the subject of deep nxious thought . very speci st in agriculture knows well that there must surely be vast

a Our r r at all a i ch nges . p oduction of food is no longe s t s

a . a a a r f ctory Of the ltern tive systems , f rme s will hence

’ forth be expected to follow whichever is most to the nation s

ara a a an wa beneﬁt . No ble farming on a v st sc le is in y y possible without a proper labour supply if there is to b e an increase of labour then there will have to be a great development of rural industries which will provide work in

r an a di . winte , together with extension of sm ll hol ngs In the opinion of many experts agriculture in England suffers from our having too large a number of medium-sized — farms wh at is needed is a new division into larger farms

as as S ix a r an d i a a r of much hundred c es , hold ngs of qu rte

a z m a a Of of th t si e . But it y be that we sh ll see something co-operation in farming— societies of this nature have al a r a re dy been fo med in sever l counties one , in Dorset

a a a al r a a a n i a shire , ppe rs to h ve e dy chieved co s der ble — in a r a s . r a mount of succes One thing is ce t in the ne r futu e , under the new conditions which will arise in a new settlement

r a a ll i a an a r of wo ld ff irs , nothing wi be so mport nt to g i cultural country like ours as th at its agriculture shall b e revived and set upon a ﬁrm basis there is no reason why a a a r a as th t b sis , why th t e djustment , should not be j ust much to the interest of those who live by agriculture as it will surely have to be to the interest of the nation . THE P RESENT AND THE FUTURE 1 89 — There is another thing th at is also certain perhaps the i most certai n thing which we of th s age have ever known .

a r m a our a r our a i il a Wh teve y come to old c es , nc ent v l ges , m an a E i a i i ra let no doubt th t the ngl sh qu l t es of cou ge , of

i a i a r i an d determ n t on , of ende vour , of esolute w ll to be to do ,

as a r a . are strong an d unassail able ever . We h ve p oved th t

r i il a a as r a a r F om th s v l ge of D rrington , f om m ny nothe E i h il a il for E a ngl s v l ge , men went w lingly to ﬁght ngl nd ’ E a i i when the hour of ngl nd s need of them arr ved . Noth ng could have been further from the thoughts of these men than that they should ever bear arms — but they made no delay in exchanging the stilts of the plough for the riﬂe an d

h ad a al h a . and ad r the b yonet They he rd the c l , esponded and r h r was an a ul in gone , long befo e t e e y t lk of comp sion the

a . a r a l nd M ny of them will neve come b ck . Those who r r i if an d eturn will b ing new thoughts, new concept ons of l e

r r a E a the wo ld with them . And ound them new ngl nd will — rise but it will still be the England whose acres we h ave all ri in i tilled during these long , slow centu es , whose serv ce o r a r for r in i da our a u f the s lived , whose honou th s y sons h ve i d ed . E ver the a ith en dures f , E n lan d m E n lan d g , y g Ta ke a n d br ea k us we are y ours E n lan d m own g , y Li e i s ood a n d o s run hi h f g , j y g B etween E ngli s h earth a n d sky D e w l di e a th i s dea th, but e s ha l To the song on y our bugles blown E nglan d To the s tars on y our b ugles blown

1 92 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

NAME S OF P ON TE FRACT BE FORE THE NORMAN CON QUE S T

There has been m uch controversy about the pre-Norm an name — of P ontefract just as m uch as there was at on e tim e ab out the rr t in a t am : the a Mr Ri h co ec spell g of the ccep ed n e l te . c ard m in on e his on the t wn rin r ard Hol es , of books o , b gs fo w no less han hir - in ari ati — r in ati thir -ﬁv e in E n i h t t ty n e v ons fou L n , ty gl s . Som e writers claim that before the Norm an Conques t P ontefract was called Kirkby others that it was Tat eshale others that it was n d Tad n essc lf I n the MS de . S m u doubte ly y . of y eon of Durham is a m argin al note which reads Tadden esscylf erat t i a r ia ae n v ocatur P untfrai te m a n i unc v ll eg qu nu c Ro ne, A gl ce ” r K irkeb i B ut Tadden essc lf was n d a h ve o . y u doubte ly T ns elf, the ar n the W r h r m the a t i p t of the tow to est , fu t est f o C s le , wh ch i b ar a am i was r ab at o e tim h r n d st ll e s th t n e . Th s p ob ly n e s o te e Tateshal e and am a i the w i h S r a to , the n e ppl ed to town h c p e d eastwar d to the great prom ontory on which the Castle was n a i the t was i i d at the eve tu lly bu lt . When own d v de Conquest , Tateshale was t o ha is now an an d the n ew conﬁned w t T shelf, n P i in rdi n o Mr m a ra am n o . t me ontef ct c e t be g Acco g . Hol es there is no eviden ce whatever that the town was ever called ir b — at an ra as a n am tha b ain d for an n K k y y te , e t o t e y le gthy ri d B ut am ar d a ri i n am a pe o . the s e le ne utho ty g ves the e to P r hn whi h am i ra u ar n ri St . let wh ch sp ng p ou d the o y of Jo , ch i i n d r a stood n ear the presen t Monkh ll stat o . It woul be of g e t interest if som e com petent authority would tell us if there is — any connection between Tateshale an d Tate which was the h r am ZEthelb urh S i r of the i in E adb ald ot e n e of , ste Kent sh k g , was m arri t o E adwi i r m ria at r who ed ne , k ng of No thu b , Yo k , in 6 2 5 ,

CARFAX AT DARRIN GTON

a ar r m a a 1 200 b i iam al r In ch te de bout y W ll , son of W te , the a ai arrin in w i he i a t at arrin t n Ch pl n of D gton , h ch g ves oft D g o t h P r hn at P ra h r is m i an o t e ri St . o y of Jo ontef ct , t e e ent on of in r i r a at arrin n n a ar a a te sect on of o ds D gto , the c lled C f x pud f rs Mr m n i r hi to ha at the Quare u . . Hol es co s de ed t s ve been point where the road from P on tefract to Darrington is joined as r ard id b t i d a as r ard th e t r b eg s one s e y Wes F el L ne, eg s o he y ’ ar Pit a a is b ar t r ShO and ar M l L ne th t , close y the c pen e s p y d , 1 93

av acks He So long in the occupancy ofthe L er . does not suggest , — r ha s m r b i h at ar Pit a and howeve , w t ee s ve y o v ous t M l L ne Wes t Field Lan e m ake a continuous track across coun try in an b rid alm ost straight line from Pontefract Castle to Went ge r There ar e few inst ances known in England of an intersection of r ad b in a l ar a in ra alm r u h o s e g c l ed C f x , but F nce ost eve y s c — Two intersection has the French equivalent carrefour. well — n E n i h in an r il at n r know gl s st ces , howeve , w l o ce occu the a ar a in r and the b ra arfa at f mous C f x Oxfo d , less cele ted C x rs am in S Ho h ussex .

S TAPLE TON CHAPE L

There seem s no doubt whatever that the Chapel of St apleton ra b r h i r an circa 1 1 0-1 1 0 and consec ted y A c b shop Thu st , 3 4 , m i n d in the har r— was the a or S a e ent o e Woolley C te not L dy, t pl ton or S ar i a in arri r as h as , c g ll ch pel D ngton Chu ch , often been but a it The a Mr m s a a t S a . . supposed , ch pel t pleton self l te Hol e came to this conclusion b y a collation of Char ter 40 with in r P ra is ar r 2 2 a t . Ch te 3 the p pe s of S . John of ontef ct It e i a in a har r 2 22 at a at v dent , he s ys , note to C te , th the ch pel St a was an i da i n and ara r m pleton ndependent foun t o , sep te f o the h r r B ut all ra or radi i it Mot e Chu ch [of Darrington] . t ce t t on of has n ri S o has all ra the a i vi a lo g pe shed . , too , t ce of nc ent ll ge S a r ab ili is a a i a of t pleton . The p ob ty , th t th t v ll ge stood some where about where the road to Kirk Sm eaton branches off from arrin - m r r a and at the ri i al m a r the D gton Wo e sley o d , th o g n no hou was i r t a i se not on the s te of the p esen H ll , but on the h gh

CONNECTION or DARRIN GTON WITH KIRKS TALL AB BE Y

the o r B the i r ia e ir s a In C uche ook of C ste c n Abb y of K k t ll , printed from the origin al preserved in the Pub lic Record Offi ce r s Soci v ol iii its b i a i ere by the Tho e by ety ( . v of pu l c t ons) , th are ra r ren to the i h ar ri m a seve l efe ces par s of D ngton . It y — be of interest to tabulate them here the references in figures are the a in the m i d -P to p ges volu e just ment one . (34) lea b e the b b ir a l an d h son m as tween A ot of K kst l Jo n, of Tho Jowett , and o h r as to er i in r t r r at arri t e s , s v ces due espec of p ope ty D ngton . — — Confi rm ati on o r a n t a h s r (53 54) by R ge de L cy , Co s ble of C e te , a r a e t ri at entb rid e 1 1 of one c e of l nd n x to the b dge W g . ( 3) o 1 94 MEMORIALS OF A ' YORKSHIRE P ARISH

n r a i b b r a a in Wentb rid e 1 Co fi m t on y Ro e t de L cy of l nd g . ( 45) P a n the ir t a and i iam son r le betwee Abbot of K ks ll W ll , of Roge B okil r in r i due r m a h din I n arri n , espect g the se v ce f o ol g D gton . — 1 1 Gra and in arrin 1 — ( 5 ) nt of l D gton by Noel . ( 52) Grant of a in ar rin i iam i G ral 1 — l nd D gton by W ll F tz e d . ( 53) Grant of a r an in S a b H aim eric S a n 1 five c es of l d t pleton y de t pleto . ( 54) rm a i n b i har a a of Confi t o y R c d , son of Al n Noel , of two bov tes land in arrin 1 — Confi rm ati n D gton . ( 55) o by R obert de Stapleton ’ his a r r a and in S a o 1 — of f the s g nt of l t plet n . ( 55) Grant of land and a r in S a i ia Sta p stu e t pleton by W ll m de pleton .

ARRI GT AND THE P RI R S T H AT P E RACT D N ON O Y OF . JO N ON T F

A r adi n o m a E ar a a r at P fte the behe g of Th s , l of L nc ste , onte ra in ar 1 2 1 —2 a tr a m was m a r r f ct M ch, 3 , s ong tte pt de to p ocu e his an i a i n in i in E ar E n an c on z t o , wh ch both K g dw d III of gl d , an d a a S ain r a i r Queen Is bell of p , pe son lly jo ned . No esponse am r m P an d the r a ni a i did n ot c e f o the ope, p ocess of c no z t on ’ m a r B r was r i i i . ut a a b n h m a an t t tu e the e g e t loc l el ef T o s s s c y, and m iracles were said to be wrought at his tom b at the P riory St P h i hi . at ra a was i the S s of John ontef ct . A c pel bu lt on te of i and i s a m a in it was ran at execut on , the l cence to y ss g ted arrin r i Z ouche on t r 1 th 1 — the D gton by A chb shop , Oc obe 9 , 343 Archbishop evidently being on th at date in visitation of the ari The n i n w rrin n nd he P ri r p sh . con ect o bet een Da gto a t o y of S t h at P ra he a Mr . s t . Jo n ontef ct wa close an d long . In l te ’ Richard Holm es s car eful and S cholarly printing of the Chartulary St P ra i two m the in a ab of . John of ontef ct , wh ch ﬁlls volu es of v lu le r S ri the r hir r ae i a S i h r are Reco d e es of Yo ks e A ch olog c l oc ety, t e e iiite r r r n arrin S a n an d q one hund ed efe e ces to D gton , t pleto , — Wentb ridge most of them relating to grants of l and to the

WE NTB RID GE

Wentb rid e in c ia i a ari Dar g , though now the ec les st c l p sh of ri h as r at an im b n a ara m a r n hi ngton , neve y t e ee sep te no , tow s p, or n a ar hr if r n m an r m in it arri co st bul y . T ee d fe e t o s eet D ngton com es up to the north bank of the river Wen t Kirk Sm eaton is in the segm ent form ed by the Great North Road and the south b ank of the river up to the bridge Thorp Audlin takes the other segm ent form ed by the Great North Road and the

1 96 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

and i and and a r and soule, of my w fe, of my sonnes d ughte s , of m r etuall and r m r t hi r y Ancesto s , pp pu e Al es , the en w ch Robe t sonne of Asketillus de B adewrd was wont to pay to m e for hi s a on i viz 2 d i ai l nd [ Went H ll] 2 . wh ch the s d Robert shal l pay to m ar at a of St ar i r h . o r al the ye ly the fe st M t n , whosoeve s l hold i if it a a . a a h a it and the s d L nd And h ppen th t t ey do not p y , I ” heires i a ai at r ai r my w ll p y the s d Rent the fo es d te me .

GRAN T OF LAN D AT WE NTB RID GE To B OLTON P RIORY

In the Chartulary of Bolton Priory are two entries referring to l and at Wentb ridge which came into possession of the Augus i B t nian s of olton .

1 6 - f s t i 2 . ent and m i m Fo . Know p to co e y I W ll a sonne of Adelinus ar r the in a i ran and stew d of ye Lo d K g h ve g ven , g ted , by this m y prsent C har ter conﬁrmed to Durand sonn e of Drew "h my servant all m y Land with y 6 Appurtenances w I h ad at e b ri an d i w r i 6 W nt . a n o g, etc , 3 bov tes the t ne of Tho p, w th y viz t w i i am r a . a eh r Appu ten nces , y bov te Robe t sonne of W ll at Thom as ate 2 a a held of me g . And bov tes of L nd of my i m A li s m m a nke nu e . de esne , wh ch Tho s , sonne of held of And ’ th ‘ a r a w a m essua e wch r a i 3 c es of L nd g I pu ch sed , wh ch I held

of the Hospit all of Jerusalem of the fee of Sm ytheton [Sm eaton] . And b esydes these I have granted to the foresaid Durand his own dem esne free from multur e in m y m ills of Thorne for his homage and service and his own ten m arkes which the foresai d Durand me at m r r m r sal t m gave y jou ney f o Je u em . All hese tene ents the foresaid Durand shal l hold of m e an d my heires in f ee and I n ri a r and i in m a i a h he t nce , f eely qu etly, etc e dows , feed ngs, p t and a and al l r i r i an d a m a in m e w ys , othe l be t es e se ents, p y g to m ir r 1 d iz i a for all v at th a St . and y b e es yea ly 2 . ( . ) e fe st of M ch el i ittnesse al m a r Alem ann r . W . se v ces , etc R fe y sonne W lte ’ his r r P ouelin ton i a son i John b othe , Hugh de g , N chol s p of T ck r r P turm in Geffre i uo . a S h ll , J Cle ke , Hen y de St ule , John , y de h r Schildewyke and m any ot e s . — l ai fu in ri Curthen l . 1 6 . a . 2 Fo To the f th ll Ch st , etc John de y h i r B r in at a . g eet g . Know ye th I ve g ven etc to ye Chu ch of olton , on e B a a an d a a i a urt en anes in etc . ov te of L nd h lfe , w th ye pp Wi tnesse i z i Durandus r r h . t W ntb r vi . e g ( ) wh ch fo me ly eld ,

m P a . O b r r e a St . s e t de A ch s , Tho s de ule, etc NOTES 1 97

WE NTBRID GE EN TRY IN THE KNARE S B OROUGH WILLS

The following entry occurs in the K naresborough Wills l ii 1 2 i t vo . rint the S rt s S . p ed by u ee oc e y, , p 4 Ma 1 1 m i m b ra 1 1 . . The tuition of Charles Lee ng . Me ne y har m as aw n Wentb rid e saddletrem aker 1 2 C les I . Tho M so of g , , is adm itt d as ar dia ar nr Lem ein e gu n of Ch les , the son of He y g , ”

B i h a . of eckw t , dece sed

B UILD IN G OF THE P ARISH CH URCHE S

M am i m n M. A I n hi s on r . . A H lton Tho pso , book The Hi stori cal Growth o the E n li sh P ari sh Church a as f g s ys , r ar d the a t al b i di n the b i d r r ra it m a eg s c u u l g, u l e s we e gene lly , y did m b e a um d o a m a . S n ss e , l c l sons The ple develop ent of m an y twelfth-century parish churches is no argum ent against th ir a ori in r hi ral n h ia m in the idd A e loc l g . A c tectu e t us s M le ges was a possession of the people generally it was n ot conﬁned t o d The ar m n a t r or at ra a lim ited an d privileged b o y . l ge o s e y c hed l i hb h d i churches in every ne g our oo were sources of nspiration . r and th r rha a m a n had tak ar in the He e e e , pe ps , so who en p t b i din on e r a r r h a d in u l g of of the g e te chu c es , would be c lle to i n or d i ari I n he consultat o f the es gn of a p sh church . t Middle Ages the b uilder was not a m ere instrum ent to carry out d i n an ar hi im r m n h the . m a a t e es g s of c tect He h self, the ste so of r w s ar i His r ini l i dr a . a a n a h wo k , the ch tect t ng y, not the ug ts ’ m an hi an ar hi f b ut in ra i a r i i s p of c tect s o ﬁce , p ct c l wo k ng w th d i ri a r m a t an . t an a ar i r ar lle ch sel Thus , du ng y te the e l e p t of i d A i was in n o m al r a m a r of the M d le ges , des gn s l deg ee tte i i rchi r was a i ar i i . ar m ra t n wh h nst nct A tectu e popul , de oc t c , c the i i i a ie a rai d i i nst nct ve f cult s bec me t ne to a h gh p tch .

STIT UTI GE R DE RB ICAR IN ON OF RO CO Y, V

There is a peculiar interest attaching to this institution : it is the only on e relating to Darrington noted b y the com piler of the H arlei an MS He extracted it from the Register of Archbishop ’ Melton The King p S ents to the vicariage of D arthi ngton

‘ 1 1 of K al of m b r 1 26 i E . ward h r the Nove e 3 The K ng, d II , e e exercised the right usually held b y the Prior and Convent of 1 98 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

S at P ra : E ar r i t . John ontef ct dw d III exe c sed the sam e right a ai in 1 i i i Tour e g n 349 on the nst tut on of John g .

' DARRIN GTON AND S TAPLE TON IN THE FOURTEE N TH CE N TURY

Some notion of the popul ation of the parish and of the nam es of the people living in it towards the close of the fourteenth r m a ai r r r P 011 Tax 1 8 centu y y be g ned f om the etu n of the of 37 . 6 r r a in ar ri ai d a 7 pe sons we e ssessed D ngton ; 74 of them p d 4 . e ch i iam Treshar i was d ri as a two , W ll (whose w fe Agnes) , esc bed Sm i and arr i was ri as a th, John M (whose w fe Lucy) , desc bed a a i ai r ai 6d . . a a arri t lo , p d e ch The tot l mount p d by D ngton d S a was 1 5 . . 2 r a n £ 5 9 In t pleton 9 people we e ssessed . Joh ‘ Thwa te a n i iam I n rarnson m i r Edm n y , m so , W ll g , s th , Robe t undso , ai r Gateford a r = a ul r S ar i t lo , John de , w lke ( f le ) , Agnes de c g ll , and i ar Ta lour W r i i iam ar and n R ch d y , ebste , w th W ll de Me e Ag es a ail r ai 6d r ai d hi s i . a a w fe, lso t o s , p d e ch the othe s p d 4 . e ch , h al s r i in 1 08 1 0d a am ar t e tot um ece ved be g . . M ny of the n es e s in i at r — am r tho e found the two townsh ps p esent Ch be s , Hobson , i i r S r S m ar e iar tim H ll , L ste , hephe d , Addy . o e pecul to the e Rob ertdou hter Roudou hter Sw nherd at O hen g , g , y , John g , Dob dou hter r at B ri e entb rid e and ir ri i is g , Robe t gg (W g ) , the o g n i obv ous .

ICHARD UKE ICAR ARRI GT R DO , V OF D N ON

a r r s C ai i r a The B dswo th Reco d ont n the follow ng ent y, d ted th 1 June 9 , 393

ra a P ercole ai r i ar i ar G nt by Al n , t lo , to R ch d Douk V c of the r Derth n ton and i iam ar S a t Chu ch of y g , to W ll del M e of t ple on a a in Wentb ri in Kirksm eton r n rin r r of cott ge g , e de g the efo e r a a r a t yearly to the lo d of th t fee ose on the fe st of S . John the B i ” apt st .

AU SE LL OR A SE LL RIDLIN G M N , . M N , OF C

r is i i am i in a ran a r The e ment on of th s f ly g t m de by Hen y IV, r i it is r a r a his a r Ga whe e n set fo th th t whe e s f the , John of unt , Duke of Lancaster (to whom h e curiously refers as Our father i a ra a i m a the K ng l tely g nted to Agnes , l te w fe of Tho s a Si a r ri i for r her i M unsell , the te of the m no of C dl ng the te m of l fe, h i ow ai i t e k ng doth n conﬁrm the s d g ft .

200 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

whitewash the old frescoes an d m ural ornamentations as being P i h B ut r was nt whi wa in h P r - op s . the e ple y of te sh t e e Reform a whi wa i tion days . The te sh ng of l arge surfaces of inner ” l i a Dr in hi s b Th E a . e n li sh P ari sh Church w l ng, s ys Cox, ook g , s i a r too a t o adm i d i n or r ai n i e pec lly whe e v st t of es g ﬁgu e p t ng, was ral and i n ad i n E ddin ells s of gene cont uous opt o . s t u how ’ i id h r ri r r in n r St . r e i t wa h W lf , w en esto ng Yo k s u d M s e , s ed the w hi r an w i h r d ar r P f alls w te th sno . F ve und e ye s l ate aul o Caen did he i at S b an anc d r a i i d t . d l ke t Al s . Inst es coul e ly be c te of ea h i r ni t r r m the whit - im in the rm a c nte ve ng cen u y, f o e l g of No n quire of P eterb orough in the twelfth century down to the l atest a ri r he i t nth r B ut t a the i n s c sty olls of t s x ee centu y . h t s xtee th century vandals did certai nly cover up the b eautiful old wall pai ntings with whitewash is proved b y the frequen t discovery of i r i a a — i r r such pai nt ngs unde success ve co ts of w sh wh te o colou ed .

THE LAD Y CHAP E L AT DARRIN GTON

i is r i a r a in i a i The follow ng the ce t fic te el t g to th s found t on , which was given by the Com m ission ers appointed to survey the ' a ri i an d i a in Count of r at Ch nt es, Gu lds , Hosp t ls the y Yo k the r i n i r d a Com time of the Refo mat o . It w ll be obse ve th t the m i i r a ri a i m a a n add ss one s tt bute the found t on to Tho s M u sell , but a i in ri i n a was r m i th t no ev dence w t g of th t p oduced to the . Th s looks as if the parish authorities of Darrington at that period were in ignoran ce of the fact th at the Lady Chapel was foun ded arr S ar i i a r a am by W en de c g ll . It w ll lso be obse ved th t the n e i m is i as h m a H aukesworth : of the ncu bent g ven T o s he , of s h r ri rri His i r wa a a a n . cou se , the l st C nt y p est of D gton dut es — are set forth in the first clause of this certifi cate he was to say mass for the soul of the Founder and for al l Christian souls whose deaths should be reported to him by the curate of the ari r am it ha the ri i a r p sh chu ch . How c e t t the soul of o g n l founde , arr S ar i had r at hi im W en de c g ll , been fo gotten t s t e

The Chauntrie of our Lady in the P aroch Church of Daryng ’ th r s i am is m a a r . tonne . Tho s H wkswo , p e t , ncumbent The s e ordin aunce m a a r shewe of the of Tho s M unsell , whe eof they no wr in ai i shulde ra for of yt ge . The s d ncumbent p y the sowle the r and all ri the r r the ra the founde C sten sowles, by epo te of cu te of a r h r ar ch a e is i h n s m e chu ch and ot e p o eners ther . The s m w t i NOTES 201

s P il ir i r v d a n . h d he ir G s v . . t e sa ar oc . e p ch che ood j j l te , F st , on e cloise iii a re an an d ha one K owe ate in th e nure , j c s of l de lf g , te i i m ersle i il ii d one ten . n W of P l Dar nton iii s . . gg of y , j j y y , cal d Gressin e an with on e rin w od ca d on le g l des , sp ge of o e lle C y

ten . i s . crofte in the n r ich a art n xxx . , te u e of N ol s M e j d one ’ ith th a rt n a in hit at in the ten r G or e w ppu e nces W ley, l e u e of e g ’ Ho eson xxxv s vi d one m a ith th a urt en an ces in g , j . j essu ge w pp l d xx s i c o H au hwoode in the n r of Wi l am am v . g , te u e y A j j l ses , a ed b b o Fe ldes with rt ai n and in P ddin Crofte in c ll A t y , ce l es u g the P arochinge of Cam s all cert ai n l andes in the P arochinge of S anda ] and cloise in the P arochin e B ram wi h con ten n e l , j g of t , y g

i r i hn Adam xv s vii d a r n t o f x s . ac n the t n r o . j es , e u e of J , j e j ii s ai aid b Rob rt r ton rth Altoftes a r n t . p y e e F ys , fu of e of j p d i h m a b i e oin r h Altoftes and a r of i . y Wh t , g g fu t of , ent jd of T o s N r n l li i iii d h re lson orm n n um f e t al v xs . a S o . . of N a to . the j j w e ’

i li r x s vi d . of P ai ab le to the K ng s Majestie yer e fo the ten th . . j ’ ob h i Ma es i r h in i xv d . . t e n t e u t d h . q to K g s j f of the l an es W tley r m i M xi to M h h x d r Malivre d . a furt t e a . . . D wney of s e j to y , j ’ to Sir i iam a i ni h th elder r h the ande in W ll G sco gne , K g t , , fu t of l s Cam s l ii h he B ram with a l v s . xd rt t am an j . fu of s e l des to p r v d ai d Sir i iam a oi n r h of the Chu ch j . to the s W ll G sc g e fu t nd in r l vs xd h x ob m Sum n xx s . . a s W e s e . . t l e y y of e allowa ce . q

CH URCH P LATE

It will be observed that when the enquiry into the possessions a ha arrin h r h was m a the a r of the L dy C pel of D gton C u c de , ch nt y i rr d a its own . r r a w possessed no pl te of The p est , p ob bly , bo o e c a i and a r m i ar n r b ra d h l ce p ten f o the v c whe eve he cele te . Of the pre-Reformation plate of Darrington there is no record what ever the church possesses nothing older than the pl ate given b y Mrs D ier B in h r hi r i h i s dr . u . ut t d p the w ole of Yo ks e , w t hun e s ari r r is ar an r a old a h r of p sh chu ches , the e sc cely y e lly pl te . T e e is not a single com m union vessel in the county of the tim e of the i E war h h h r is a ar i n E i ab ha s xth d d , t oug t e e l ge collect o of l z et n a re- rm i r pl te . Of p Refo at on plate the e is nothing but six chali hr r i i d a r m 1 . a n n 2 0 1 0 ces T ee of these, ng g te f o 5 to 34 , are at r i r and w r all a r m fi orm r Yo k M nste , e e t ken f o the cof ns of f e rc i o i B . r s a on e at swi an ot er at H i der A hb sh ps The e lso e ck , h n we a hi at a h and The Goa and c c is rob ab ll , t rd Go t l . thl hali e p ly 202 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH the oldest vessel in use in England : it appears to date from r ar in r ve y e ly the ﬁfteenth centu y .

TRE ATME N T OF THE P OOR IN THE S E VE N TE EN TH CE N TURY

One of the best examples extant of the lives of poor folk in the villages in the seven teenth cen tury is afforded by the following extract from the West Riding Sessions Rolls

D n caster im die Octob ris r i i ar i o , dec o Anno egn Reg s C ol ram —Sir m a r K xiiii Co . n i t . S r E Tho s Wentwo th , , dward E m K nt . o sen s W E s . a . . s and Ro des , , Thos J p , q , . We t , q , Robt . E s Rockley, q . arrin n — E ar S it arri a v erie r m an D gto dw d m h , of D ngton, poo e , com playn ed and petition ed unto thi s Court that he hath lived a longe tym e in a poor cottage and now is threatened to be putt an d doores i i r r an r and out to lye out of th s w nte , the e to w de m a ra an d for a al an d i r rari beco e v g nt , soe w nt to ste e p lfe , cont e a and ar l r r r ak to L we to be st ved , un ess some cou se be fu the t en r for as m as it a ar hi by this Cou t . Now uch ppe ed to t s Court that sai d Edward Sm ith is aged and poore and that there is just cause to con tynue the sai d Sm ith in the said cottage ordered that he shall rem ayne and contynue if the owner thereof will n not r ar and r r ar e conse t If , then Chu chw dens Ove see s to provide for him with consent of the Lord of the Mannour or such other person as shall perm itt A Cottage to be built uppon hi s n a f r a r ow e l nd o th t pu pose .

HI GHWAY LIFE IN THE S E VEN TEEN TH CE N TURY

r r m a at Ri i S i l at r An o de de the West d ng ess ons , he d Rothe ham th 1 6 8 r an i r i i i on the 9 July , 3 , th ows nte est ng s del ght r ai a r r a i hi a i of a d on ce t n m tte s el t ng to the ghw y l fe th t ay . It restrains the selling of al e and beer to passengers and ra r i r a a r and Wentb rid e t velle s on the h gh o de between Donc ste g , because of the danger of~ infecting the inhabitants there with the contagion of th e pl ague now in this dangerous tym e of sick ness and visitation because they [the ale and beer sellers] enter te n e and di ur i all m a r a r and ra er y sco se w th nne of p ssenge s t vell s , r d i ar a an . w ndere s , dle begg s

204 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE P ARISH

E RGE DE S ME TH E LL ICAR ARRI GT G O K Y, V OF D N ON , 1 791 -1 81 5

’ There are several particul ars of this vicar in Skai fe s work on h b i a in r in r r m t e ur ls Yo k M ste . Geo ge de S eth (or as it is som e im m i M A. was d i . r th t es spelt , Des th) Kelly , l cense to se ve e cure

n a r 1 86 . m r 1 88 he was a of Do c ste , July , 7 In Nove be , 7 , coll ted he a rm an at S t . an ar 1 8 to st ll of No ton outhwell In J u y, 7 9, he was in i the i ara r n a . r i st tuted to V c ge of Fe the sto e , co Yo k, wh ch i hi s a I n an ar 1 1 i i . was d he held unt l de th J u y, 79 , he nst tute to i ara arrin i in 1 81 the V c ge of D gton , wh ch he ceded 5 . In July , 1 801 he was a a B otev an t at r , coll ted to the st ll of Yo k ; he i n i in th i ar ri r t e . 1 802 was es g ed follow ng ye In Ap l , , he in i t o i ar a m r and at a st tuted the V c ge of A plefo th , coll ed to th t of i in 1 80 His m m i r i S n . n r r r lksto e June , 4 onu ent Yo k M nste efe s him as an id iar hi a ra and r m to C on Res ent y of t s C thed l , f o the r his b ria a ar ha i in S n a ent y of u l he ppe s to ve l ved to eg te . A com parison of the dates of hi s various institutions an d collations il S a was m an r ali his im w l how th t he one of the y plu sts of t e .

GROVE HALL

r a in ari arri r i G ove H ll , the p sh of D ngton , long the es dence of - a i has al in o r the well known f m ly of Lee , only been so c led m de n i ri its am r r a i an a m . t es It de ves n e f om the G e ve F eld , exp nse an ar in P ra ar in rr ri ar in of l d , p tly ontef ct , p tly Fe yb dge , p tly in n hi r a Gr a or S ri arr f . D gto , w ch fo med the est te of the e ve , he f h ad his in r i a r a or ar He house the cent e of th s est te , p ob bly on ne the i th e r Gr a i was al r a al s te of p esent ove H ll , wh ch c led G e ve H l , r m i i ar n a M . a o accordi g to the l te Hol es , unt l some n nety ye s g . B ut it m ay be noted in this respect that it was called Grove Hall i r 1 r ar in the Darrington reg ste s as far back as 797 . On Feb u y 27 ar i ia i r m S a at r si c of that ye W ll m K tson , G oo of the t bles G ove ( ) al was m arri d ar Har reav e at arri r H l , e to M y g D ngton Chu ch by

Mr a r ra . . F be , cu te

RID IN G THE S TAN G

m ut d hi a i r r m Atte pts to p own t s nc ent No th count y custo , which was closely akin to the Skimmington riding of the southern ar E a ere in e i n at of i nth p ts of ngl nd, w v de ce the end the e ghtee NOTES 205 0

r was e r i Newcastle-u on -T ne Courant centu y . It r po ted n the p y u rd 1 tha at the i h d at rham in the of A gust 3 , 793 , t Ass zes el Du r c di m a am n a t w arrin ton p e e ng week , Tho s J eso , M t he M g , Geo B im m m r b rt P ar i n and . a w r S E ll , Jos . Ro nt ee , on e son , Ro e k , ran i ar for i t a sa in i h a w F c s W dell , v olen ly s ult g N c ol s Lo es , of Bi h Wearm outh an d ar r i him a S a w r n n d s op , c y ng on t ng, e e se te ce im ri e ar in r a a an d ﬁ nd r i to be p son d two ye s Du h m G ol , su et es ” for ir a i r r ar B ut an -ridin the good beh v our fo th ee ye s . st g g i a went on n Yorkshire for a good eighty years after that . In r The Custom s o Yorkshire i in 1 81 h r is a wo k on f , publ shed 4 , t e e a r r i a t a -ri in and r r a that pl te ep esent ng s ng d g, the lette p ess s ys , the practice was intended to expose and ridicule any violent arr m an and i an d m r ar i ar in in a qu el between w fe, o e p t cul ly st nces where the pusillan irnous husband has suffered him self to b e ” at b his ira a ar r r m a ti be en y V go of p tne . The e y be people s ll living in Darrington who will rem em ber that on the last occasion i h a -ridi a h r a t 1 8 the r i a on wh c st ng ng took pl ce t e e, bou 75 , ev v l of the old custom was due to a beating given b y a well-known a ri a her m i S D r ngton wom n to uch too am able pouse .

B OOKS RE LATIN G To P ARISH LIFE

Students of the history of English village life will fi nd the following works of great value from m any standpoin ts ’ ’ B arin -G Old Countr L e B Wa es i n the Un ited g ould s y if , owley s g ’ K i n dom i n the Nin eteenth Centur B ran Anti uiti es had g y, d s q , C ’ ’ wi s S tudi es on An lo-S axon I n stituti on s o The E n li sh ck g , C x s g ’ ’ P ari sh Church o P ari sh Re i sters o E n land n nin ham , C x s g f g , Cu g s ’ Growth o E n li sh I ndustr and Com m erce CuttS s P ari sh P ri ests f g y , ’ and their P eo le i n the M iddle A es a n ort E conom i c p g , D ve p s ’ Develo m ent o a Nor olk M an or Ditchfi eld s Van ishin E n land p f f , g g , ’ ’ Ditchfi eld s The Old-Ti m e P arson Dit chfi eld s The Old E n li sh , g ’ ’ Countr S uire a ow Old Yorkshire ordh am s S hort Hi stor y q , F ll s , F y ’ o En li sh Rural Li e ar di n a Ga P ari sh Li e i n M edi val f g f , C l squet s f ce ’ ’ E n land Green S hort Hi stor o the E n li sh P eo le H n g , s y f g p , o e s ’ M an ors an d M an ori al Records eS S O S B e ore the Great P illa e , J pp f g , ’ ’ esso s The Com i n o the F ri ars enn ed P ari sh Li e under J pp g f , K y s f ’ ’ Elizabeth P r N orthum berlan d H ousehold B ook m an , e cy s , O s ’ ’ Great Revolt o 1 81 P ri Count o the White Rose P rothero s f 3 , ce s y f , ’ S elect S tatutes Ro ers s Hi stor o A r c lture d ces i , g y f g i u an P ri n ’ ’ E n land Ro ers s S i x Centuri es o Work and Wa es Tickn er s g , g f g , 206 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

’ S oci al and I ndustri al Hi stor o E n land m Hi storical y f g , Tho pson s ’ Growth o the E n li sh P ari sh Church h m Groun d P lan f g , T o pson s ’ o the E n li sh P ari sh Church S Custom s o Old E n land f g , nell s f g , ’ ’ S trutt s S orts and P asti m es Vin o r adoff s Villein a e i n E n land p , g g g , ’ E n li sh Local Governm ent an d Webb s g .

208 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

rum m e eau 1 a n M M e ort r . P 1 B l , B , 3 5 D v p , . , 74 B ur e 1 2 D a i e Th o m as 6 8 k , 7 v , , ur is on a n d Gr lls 1 D awn e Mr 2 0 1 B l y , 75 y , . , urro w Ch ri st o h er 1 1 2 am es D aws on Mar aret 1 B , p , J , , g , 4 7 1 1 2 R ob ert Vi ar of D arri n ea n f h o t e ree Ch a e o f S t . ; , c g D F p l * t on 1 1 1 1 R ob ert C e m en t i n th e Cast e o f P on t e , 5 3 , l l

s on of R ob t . 1 1 2 Tho m as 1 1 1 ra t oh n Cot ere 2 a m es , ; , f c ( J ll) , 5 J urun E rn eis d e an an estor of Thwait e s 6 B , , c , 5 h ’ t e r o n s 1 1 D ea n of S t . P a u s To m lin e 1 0 By , 9 l ( ) , 9 B sli d e i 0 u a orm an 1 6 Ro er e n son E . 1 , ( N ) ; ; g D , , 5 d e 1 1 D erh am Fran is 6 0 , 9 , c , ut er isho of ri st o 1 0 ou e Ri h ar d Vi ar of arri n B l , B p B l , 9 3 , 7 , D k , c , c D g 1 2 H en r I sa e d au an d t on 2 1 8 5 ; , b a , . , 5 , 9 y “ ll h eiress of 6 1 o e S ir F ran is H asti n s 1 , D yl , c g , 3 7 ra e D r Fran is or 1 1 2 D k , . c (Y k) , Fran is urat e of D arri n t on c , C g , aird S ir am es 1 0 1 1 2 * C , J , 7 “ Ca i t us I I P o e 2 8 D u eer S o om on l x , p , p , l , 74 " a n t erb h i h f 8 D i er Mr E li z h 2 0 1 ur Ar b s o o 2 u s . . C y , c p , p , , * ardi an E ar of 0 D ura n d son n e of D rew 1 6 C g , l , 9 , 9 Cart ell oh n 1 urh am ish o of uthb ert , J , 47 D , B p (C e i 1 2 6 Tunst a C c l , ll) , 59 h a on er ohn Vi ar of arrin C l , J , c D g t o n 1 2 , 5 har es I x u 8 1 2 E adwin e Kin of orthum b ri a C l , , 79 , , 9 , g N , h ar es I I 1 1 1 2 C l , 99 , 5 9 h ar es P hi i aron S t ourt on E ddius 2 00 C l l p, B , , 1 1 * E d m un dson R ob ert t ai or 1 8 3 , , l , 9 h est er B ish o of E dward th e on essor x i 6 8 C , p , 9 5 , C f , , , , h - etw n d S t a ton H . E . 6 1 C y pyl , , 5 hris r f An se E dward I 1 8 C t . Vi li ers E ar o e l , l gl y , 4 f 0 E dward I I 2 1 An n e d au . o , , 9 , 5 , 9 7 E dward III 2 1 1 8 are Alexr . 2 Cl , , 7 , 5 , 94 , 9 ar son 1 2 E dward VI Cl k , 7 , 7 7 C a 0 E an or u n wi e of E dward I W . 8 e ee l y , J . , l , Q , f , C er e oh n 1 6 1 8 l k , J , 9 4 li t on S ir Ger ase 60 E i ab eth ueen 6 0 86 1 1 6 C f , v , l z (Q ) , , 77 , , M Mr E lkan or a b a ser an t of r . ob d en . 1 C , , 5 5 , l ck v WI11 1 1 " Mrs S a i e 6 6 o e T h os . C k , 7 v l ,

1 1 E enb orou h L ord H on . Fred eri a 7 ll g , , c 0 Collin har es b reeder of short S e in a L awd au . of 1 g, C l , l , 4 - h orn s 1 1 E si or A si a re on uest , 7 l ( l p C q

‘ on st ab e Sir Marm aduke 6 0 o wn er of D arri n t on 1 1 C l , , g , 9 on ers S ir Gerard Lord Ma or of E l ish o of 2 0 C y , , y y , B p , 3 L on d on 1 1 2 1 1 E m m ers on S im on 2 0 , , 3 , , 5 n ar n o e S ir Wm 6 0 E st ourt of D arri n t o , o C pl y , c g B “ T othero n -E st ourt 1 2 Corb R o er d e 2 G . . . S ) , 5 y , g , 5 ( J c m n Cot ere oh n D ean o f t he Free st court R ev . E d ar E d u d ll , J , , g ,

Wm . m nt 2 1 1 R ev . Can o n E d m un d h a e o f S t . e e , C p l Cl , 5 5 wn o n Wi t s ott on Mt ris 1 0 0 R e t or of L o n e t , C , , c g N , l

B 1 80 Col . v E N . . Cre we Mar uess of 1 1 1 R e . . ; , q , 3 5 5 ; , B 0 1 T G . . Cro m we x ii 6 80 a s . u n a 1 1 . , ll , , 7 , 79 , J B ck ll , 5 , 5 * Un i ersit 1 0 u e er T h om as 6 0 M . P . for O ord , , , xf v y 5 C lp p ” Curt h en ohn d e 1 6 Thom as H en r S utt on 1 0 y , J , 9 y , 5 Of E st court s th e 1 0 usa Sir Sim on oanna dau. C ck , , J , , , , 3 8 E st ot villes th e 1 6 1 4 , , INDEX OF P ERSONS 209

Gi b ert son o f am a 1 " Fab er Mr . urat e 2 0 , C , 4 l D , 9 Fair a Geor e Lord Gi b ert wh o eased th e Manor rom f x , g , 9 5 i , 79 2 l l f Th om as S er ean t -at -L aw 6 0 t h e d e L a s 2 , g , cy , 7 S ir Th D Wi i am Gilb ert h or Th om as 2 om as r . , 79 ll , p, , 5 ’ R P t r ornhi Gi R ob ert 2 e t or of S t . e e s c , C ll , ll , , 5 E 1 0 G a st o W . an d Vi ar of E ast H a m d n e . c . 9 4 i l , , 4 x u G as ow L ord 1 l g , , 3 5 f G n n e S ir S t e h en 1 6 Fa on er Ger as e oroth dau. o lc , v , D y , ly , p , 7

Go d sm ith O . 1 06 9 5 l , , F areb rothers Au tion eers 1 Gosfrid of Coutance a Norm an ( c ) , 39 ( Wm n f ish o 1 Farrar ra es d au . o , F c , 9 5 B p) , rr r h m 6 6 Green his t ori an 1 2 6 Fa e o n 6 2 W . 1 , J , ( ) , Faw ett Wm Vi ar of arrin ton Green wood am es 1 0 c , c D g , , J , 4

1 Gu hn M . P 1 1 1 o . lly , J , , 3 7 F awd re oh n of L on don y , J , , 74 F er all t h e R ed -H aired 1 g , 7 Fie d E dward Ma or of P ont e H am i t on u e of 1 l , , y l , D k , 3 7 ra t 1 02 H am t on Th om as 2 f c , p , , 5 h r Wm ern on son i r i H a ou R ev . V F s e ar dinal sho of R o hes rt . , C , B p c c , , t er 8 of th e Ar hb ish o of or an d , 4 c p Y k m W Fit Gera d Wm . 1 ath er of th e st at es an Sir m . z l , , 94 f it H u h s th e 1 Vern on H ar ourt 1 F z g , , 7 c , 7 4 i Wil i m E r i Wm 00 H ard e a . Wm F t a a 2 6 S r . ast . 1 C t z l , l , ; , c l , J , p a n i ht of t h e H o S e u hr e 1 0 1 k g ly p lc , H ardwi e L ord h an e or 1 0 ck , C c ll , 7 Fit Will ia m s t h e 2 8 1 02 H arewood E ar o f E dward Las z , , 7 , 9 , , l , Fit Wi iam s an d d e S ar i s 2 6 e es 1 1 z ll c g ll , c ll , 3 2 H ar r eav e Mar 2 0 9 g , y , 4 F et h er th e Constab e n ear H ow H aro d 1 l c , l l , 4 le I O O m H arrin t on W . 2 y , g , , 5 ordh a m Mont a ue 8 H aw e L ord of Wom ers e 1 0 F , g , 75 , 77 , 7 k , , l y , 4 orr est Th om as of Leath e 1 H aukesworth Th os a st Chantr F , , l y , 47 , l y Foss ard 1 riest of D arri n t o n 2 o o * , 7 p g , Fo ro t Miss 88 8 H eath Ar hb ish o of or 6 0 xc f , , , 9 , c p Y k , h Wm o e i o as 1 . 2 H eat on Mi h ae on st ab e of D ar F x , N c l , 47 , 5 , c l , c l Fran es L ad Ca r di an 0 ri n t on 0 c , y g , 9 g , 7 Fra n E li z th 1 1 02 1 0 H en r I I 1 8 k , , 9 , , 3 y , * Matt h ew 1 0 2 R ob ert 1 1 0 2 H en r IV 1 8 , , 9 , y , 9 Frob ish er An th o n Vi ar o f D ar H en r V 8 , y , c y , 3 * rin t on 2 1 ath eri n e 6 H en r VI II 6 0 1 0 8 g , 5 , 9 9 C , 4 , y , 3 5 , 5 9 , , 75 , 1 I sab e a 1 S ir Mart i n H e n r H oward of G os so 1 99 ; ll , 99 ; , y l p , 34 I H ereward t h e Wa e x i 1 0 99 k , , F rob i sh ers 6 H erri n red eri oh n 1 8" , 4 g , F ck J , 3 F rob ish ers an d Shackletons 1 H err s on H u h e , 99 y , g , 5 5 Froude H eathﬁ eld D ani e Vi ar of D ar , 3 5 , l , c Fr st on R ob e rt 2 0 1 rin t on 1 1 1 y , , g , F nn e R w od r n n orm i t ob t . 2 H e o O i e No o s y y , , 5 y , l v , c f ,

H i an d S on s or an b ui d ers 1 ll , g l , 75 Garri 1 06 H oad e ish o 1 0 ck , l y , B p, 7 * G as oi n e S ir Wm 2 0 1 H o are oh n 1 0 c g , , J , 3 “ Gat eford oh n d e wa er u er H od son E is L eckonb 1 2 , J , lk (f ll ) , g , ll y , 3 1 8 Mar E en I 2 Th om as B ent 9 y ll , 3 , Ge nt T W 1 1 * . 1 2 , 5 3 * Geor e II I 1 2 1 1 H o es on Ge or e 2 0 1 g , , 3 5 g , g , Geor e IV 1 1 6 H o at e am il 8-6 g , 35 , 3 lg f y , 5 3 2 1 0 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

H o at e arth o om ew 6 2 6 2 L a A b red a d e wi e of R d obt . e lg , B l , , 3 , 9 cy , l , f * r a n es 6 2 6 Fran i s 6 2 Li ssours 1 2 6 E d m un d d e F c , , 3 ; c , , 9 , ; * G eor e 2 an d wi e s 6 2 0 H en r d e 2 o * 0 g ( ) v , 3 ; y , 7 , 3 , 4 G eor e son of Th om as 6 I b ert d e x i 1 4 1 80 g , 4 l , , 2 5 , 9 , ; H en r 6 1 Kath eri n e 6 1 R o er d e on stab e of h est er y , , g , C l C R o b ert Ar hb ish o of or 8 1 1 , c p Y k , 5 9 3 ; 95 1 Th om as 8 L am b ert G en era 1 02 x u 99 ; , 5 , , l , , 8 L an c st er u e of ohn of Gaunt 3 , D k , J H olm es Ri h ard o f P on t e ra t vii I g , c , f c , , g 1 8 1 1 —1 2 0 L an d ale Sir Marm adu e 80 3 , 9 9 4 , 4 g , k , H oo D ean 1 82 L arr m an en n ett s in st er 6 2 k , , y , J , p , , H * o e a s . E din b ur h u ian a 6 p , J ( g ) , J l 3 d u 0 f 1 . R 0 a . o L s es . h . 1 a e H ori Art ur 1 2 , 4 ; J , 4 c ll , , 3 H oth am Sir oh n S orb or ou h 8 D an i e 1 1 E dward Vis oun t , J ( c g ) 9 l , 3 , c H ou ht on L ord 1 L as e es a n d E ar of H rewo od g , , 3 5 c ll l a , H oulds worth R ob ert er 8 1 1 * E dwi n of Ga wth or e , , cl k , 5 3 p , H um e his t ori an 1 2 aron H arewood 1 1 * ( ) , 5 B , 3 H r st e E lizth . ohn L av eracks t h e 1 y , , 55 J , 55 , , 9 3 r d eri a e i n a i e of La w H on . F e S w , c l , f H en r a m e s R am sd en 1 0 y J , 4 I n r m n i h 8 L a in a so Wm . sm t 1 a t a g , , , 9 y , C p , 7 3 , 74 I n m a n M m 8 L h m E m 8 8 ar adu e 6 eat a d un d 1 2 Mrs . 1 2 , k , , , , I s ab e a ueen of S in 1 L e ie Miss E i a 1 82 ll , Q pa , 9 4 ck , l z , M 80 R i h r Th om as L ee rs . 1 a d , , ; c , 1 80 W F 1 80 ; . a son oh n o e 1 6 L ees of Gro e H a 1 80 2 0 J ck , J , j ck y , 3 v ll , , 4 am eson Th om as 2 0 L e em i n ha r e s 1 H en r 1 J , , 5 g , C l , 9 7 y , 9 7 0 0 L ei es r E r f 1 8 eS S O D r . A. 1 t e a o 1 J pp , , 3 , 3 3 , 4 , 5 c , l , i h r o f L ord b so n h m as 2 0 L e M An n e d au . o n or o so T o s . J ( J p ) , , 3 g , ( oh n o f Gaun t D u e of L an ast er S a i e J , k c , v l ) , 9 4 1 8 Li ssour s R ob t d e 1 9 , . , 9 t H o at e h D 1 06 L an d a ish of R ob . o n son r . S o J , l ff , B p , lg , on es oh n Vi car o f D arri n t on 1 J , J , g , 5 3

o s on or ob son Th o m as 2 0 2 L o d e E li zth . 8 J p ( J ) , , g , , 3 owett oh n s on o f Th om as 1 L o n d on L ord -Ma or of Sir G erard J , J , 93 , y ( D r os e h t ut or 1 Con ers 1 1 2 . J p , , 7 3 y ) , i n r H n r L o n d on L ord Ma or A d erm en an d u a a arb a a d au . of e J l B , y , y , l H o war d of G oss o an d sist er of Citi en s of 1 1 l p z , 3 ern ard E dward D u e of N or Lo n h ri st o h er 1 02 B , k g , C p , ; o a n d Wid ow of L ord P etre oh n 1 02 f lk , , J , " 1 1 Lo n e Sir R ob ert rest e 3 3 . 3 4 gl y , , p , 55 L on i ers E ud o d e 1 A n e s gv ll , , 9 5 ; g hi s wi e 1 f , 9 5 Kath eri n e H oward ueen 6 0 L on s d a e Vis oun t 1 0 (Q ) , l , c , 4 K a ohn 6 2 L owcock P r ud en e 6 8 y , J , , c , Ke Ge o D e S m eth Vi ar o f L owes i h o as 2 0 lly , . , c , N c l , 5 h n 1 0 " D arri n t on 1 2 0 L o wth er H on . An t o g , 5 3 , 4 , y , 4 Ken t D u h es s of 1 S ir Ri h ard of S wi i n t on , 9 , c , 43 c ll g 7 Ki n s e R ev h as 1 6 2 L owth ers th e 1 0 g l y , . C , , , 5 Kir st a Ab b ot o f 1 1 L n dle D ani e Vi ar of arrin k ll , , 9 3 , 94 y y , l , c D g i n m 2 0 t on 1 1 1 K t so W . , , 4 ,

L a L a e L asc Las ce L as i Ma a an D r Ar hb ish o of Yor , cy , c y , y , y , c cl g , c p k — th e d e L a s 1 8 2 0 2 1 82 cy , , , 7 , 1 02 1 1 1 Man ni n ardin a 1 0 3 7 . . 9 . 9 5 g, C l , 4

2 1 2 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

Ra e son of W , i ia m son of S ar ill A n es d e 1 8 C ara d e lf ll c g , g , 9 l , Ad elin us 1 6 0 1 8 Warre n d e 1 , 9 4 , 4 ; , 9 , R am sd en H * * . as a F o . nd ren e 6 8 1 8 o 1 2 00 Wm . , y J l c 4 , 4 , 5 , 3 9 , 4 , , Mar An n a b e l a d au . of 1 o o f rid in 2 8 y l , 4 C l g , 9 , 5 o h n 1 02 S ir ohn 6 2 8 8 S ar i s th e 2 6 J , ; J , , 4 , 5 c g ll , , 9 , 4 R a A ° — n n 1 R ob t . 1 S ar i l s an d Fit Wi i m s , a 2 6 2 y , 49 , 49 c g l z ll , 9 - R e i st rar Gen era 6 S child ew ke Geﬁ re d e 1 6 g l , 5 y , y , 9 R ein v ile H ern m A es a S h o e Ali e d e n d u . cia 6 , , g c l y , , 4 of 1 S ch ole s 6 , 95 y , 4 R en i a H ern i d e 1 S ott Sir Wa t er 1 0 1 2 ll , , 95 c , l , 4 , 4 R eresb e oh n 2 0 S r o es th e 1 y , J , 3 c p , , 7 R e n o d s S ir osh ua 1 0 S ecroft oh n d e 1 6. y l , J , , J , 5 ‘ R i on Ma or of 6 8 Sh acklet on s an d F rob sh rs 1 p , y , i e , 99 R ob ert E dward L ord P etre Sh a et on Sir E rn est Ar ti E x , , ckl , , c c 1 lorer 1 H en r son of 3 4 p , 99 y , R ob ert son n e of Wi i am 1 6 Mi h ae 1 , ll , 9 c l , 9 9 R ob in H o od x i S hi it o oh n E li h f 6 zt . d au o , ll , J , , 4 R o h est er ish o of a rdin a Shillit os 6 c , B p , C l , 4 Fish er 8 Shirwood R ichd 2 , 4 , . , 5 R o h ord L ad 6 0 6 1 Sh rewsb ur E ar of 6 0 c f , y , , y , l , R R 8 0 o e ob t . 8 2 2 2 0 Sidn e H erb ert L ord H erb ert of ckl y , , 4 , 5 , , 3 y , R od es R oad es Sir E dward 8 8 L ea Wa r S e r et ar 1 1 * , , , 4 , 5 , , c y , 5 Sim son An t h on 6 8 p , y , R o er s on n e of Wi iam 1 S i n et on am es v ii g , ll , 9 5 gl , J , R o m an P o n tiff 8 Siward of ort hum b ri a 1 6 , 4 N , R o m ill h k 0 0 es e H . t 1 6 S aife R ob t . 2 2 , , , , 3 , 4 R oo e S ir G eo m ith dwar f arri n t on . S E d o k , , 74 , , D g R own t ree os 2 0 2 02 * oh n of ew an d 1 0 , J , 5 J , N l , 4 R ut an d u e of 1 oh n Wen tb rid e on st ab e 8 l , D k , 3 7 J , g C l , 3

ohn Si est er 1 0 R ev . J lv , 4 S dn e 1 1 y y . 73 . 74 ” S t . ran is of Assi i S on d e i h ran es d au F s 1 s Sir M ae F . c , 3 , c l , c

S t . P au oh n 8 of 0 l , J , 5 . 9

St . P au e H en r d e 1 6 Thom as S ot h ab e Th om as 2 0 l , y , 9 ; y , , 3 d 1 6 h eron Alex r P r o t er of the e S ot . , 9 , , c

S t . Ri h ard of W h e B isho of S ittleh ouse eam s e an d c yc , p p , B l y , hi h est er 0 Fran is an d oh an hi s s on s 1 C c , 3 c J , 4 7 0 A i e wi e of R i h ard 1 6 * S t . Wi rid 2 0 lf , l c , f c , 4 S a i sb ur L ord 1 Fran o er of h i h r an i n th e l y , , 74 k , fﬁc g k S a i e am i b ran h es of th e 88 2 R o a a o h n v l f ly , c , , 9 y l N vy , J , * i e E li z h O ran e s 1 8 oh n d e 1 6 S ir ohn d e S a t . I F v l , , 3 c 4 J , 4 J , L ad ardi an 0 S ir H en r L ord of Mitt on a n d S t eward t o ( y C g ) , 9 y o f Th orn hi S h erif of or shir e ueen E ean or wi e o f E dward I ll , f Y k , Q l , f

et c 2 88 8 oh n S ir 1 8 L ewis a t . R . N . 1 . , 7 , , 9 ; J , 9 3 ; 4 , C p , , 49 oh n aron S a i e of P on t e Lu Mar 1 0 Marm adu e J (B v l cy y , 5 k , ra t 6 2 Kath erin e 1 R i h ard 1 6 1 S ir f c ) , , , 47 c , 4 , 47 2 L ord E ar of S usse 82 R o er 1 8 R ob ert of D urha m 9 3 ; , l x , ; g , 4 , , Mar R ob ert of H ow e 1 1 Si R ob ert o f New y , 9 3 ; l y , 47 , 49 r , * 8 S am ue 1 1 02 I O * 1 6 E et 1 8 1 Th om as 1 8 9 ; l , 9 , , 3 , 4 ; lv , 4 , 49 , 4 ;

’ * S arah I O * 1 6 1 Sir Wi iam 1 0 1 1 , 3 , 4 , 49 ll , 3 , 47 , 49

Th om as 2 n d Lord S a i e of Wi i am er 1 Wm . ( v l ll , cl k , 49 , - H ow e 8 Vi s oun t of Mer h an t en turer of ew astl e l y) , 9 ; c , c v N c , Wm 1 8 Wi i am 1 S ir . ast eb ar 9 , 9 9 ; , 9 C l , ll 3 4 4 “ m Cas e r 6 2 0 S oth eron s th e 1 02 1 6 S ir W . of t b a l , , 9 , , , 4 S aviles t h e 2 6 1 02 1 6 S oth eron s of H o m e on S a di n , , 7 , 3 , , 4 l p l g 80 M 1 80 Moor 1 S a e D r . 1 rs yl , , , , 49 INDEX OF P ERSONS 2 1 3

h - W Thwait h “ eron E s R v . es T m as i S ot t ourt e E . . o P r or c , , , ( ) , 5 7 V hwa 1 2 T . . r a d ar n T e ohn m G . e t e B o t as on 1 8 5 J , c y , J , , 9

E st o urt of D arri n t on 1 0 Ti n er D r . 1 2 c g , 9 3 , ck , , 5 1 2 1 80 M 1 1 s Tom lin e ish o Li n 0 Mr . of n 1 r . 6 o 5 , ; , , B p c l , 9 T e H . . 1 Torr ev H . S 2 R . . . 1 2 , 5 , J , 3 S oth er on -E stcourts th e 1 0 Tour e oh n 2 , , 3 g , J , 5 S o othi Th om as 88 E i ab eth T own sh end L ad 1 1 Lord 1 1 6 ll , , ; l z , y , 7 , , 8 1 1 8 d au . o f 2 6 88 , , , 9 S outh e R ob Tresh ar Wm sm i h wi ert . t an d e y , , 9 4 , ( ) , f S ei h t Ri h ard arri n t on Con A n es 1 8 p g , c , D g g , 9 st ab e 8 Treas urer t o har es I E ar of l , 3 C l ( l S in am i 1 1 S usse 8 p k f ly , 9 x) , 9 S a h R v Thom as 1 0 8 Tu ethro 1 1 6 * t ouse e . ck , , ll , J ,

St afford L ord L aura Maria d au . Tun st a l Cuthb e rt isho of , , , l , , B p of 1 urh am , 3 5 D , 59 S ta nford H enr de rst Vi ar of Tur in hi hwa m an x iv " 8 , y , ﬁ c p ( g y ) , , 9 , 99 D arrin t on 2 0 1 Twisleton ohn 2 g , , 5 , J , 9 S t anh o e E dwar d 6 2 p , , S t a e s or S t e els 6 p l p , S t a et on am il 1 8-6 Ulchil a re- on ues f , 9 , 5 3 , t own er of pl y “ p C q S t a et on ara d e 1 2 Sta et on I o " 1 pl , Cl , 9 , 9 pl , 9 , , 5 6 8 H ai m eric d e 1 4 , 5 ; , 94 H e nr d e 1 H u h d e 1 y , 95 ; g , 9 , W V i I v 2 8 R ob t . d e 1 i liam d e esc o de 1 ; , 94 ; l , , , 7 1 Vi toria ueen 1 1 8 1 1 9 4 c (Q ) , , 43 , 44 S t a et ons or Sta e lt ons 6 pl p ,

S t a v ard Richd . 1 , , 9 5 eo a es W S t e h en son . G . 1 1 m 1 2 a efi e d ohn d e 1 p , 4 ; J , 3 k l , J , 5 L uis W m S t e en son R ob t . o a er S a ue S am ue e der v , , 73 lk , l , 9 5 l , l St eward o f th e H on our of P on te an d oun er 1 0 “ y g , 4 ra t Sir H enr S a i e 2 Wa ers th e 1 0 f c ( y v l ) , 7 lk , , 5 S teward of th e Manor of Wa efi e d Wa o e 1 2 6 k l lp l , Sir H enr S a i e 2 Wal th eof 1 6 * ( y v l ) , 7 , P Ward e i S t o da e Thom as of i ton ar R chd . 0 ck l , , B l k , , , 7 6 8 Ward e Fran is 2 0 ll , c , 5 S t ourt on aron har es P hi i Warren e E ar 1 6 , B , C l l p, , l , 1 1 * Warwi Lad 1 6 3 ck , y , 4 S turm in oh n 1 6 Wat erh ouse Mi hae Vi ar of D ar , J , 9 , c l , c S usse E ar of Lord S a i e 80 ri n t o n 1 1 1 x , l ( v l ) , , g , Wat i n son am es 1 8 k J , 4 S wi t ean x i Wats on D r isho of L an da f , D , , B p l ff, 1 07 Wa tt 1 06 W , Ta or R ob ert 2 au h Richd . Vi ar of arrin yl , , 5 g , , c D g T a lour Ri h ard web ster 1 8 t on 1 1 1 y , c , , 9 , W v ii 1 Wa fl T ew T . . n et e ohn 2 , , , 39 y , J , 5 L n ast 1 W Th om as E ar of a er eb st er Wm . P ari sh onstab e , l c , 94 , , C l , n f An keli n u 1 6 Th om as , s o n e o s , 9 m n Ar hb ish o of or Wen twort h am i 2 Th o so D r . 6 , , c p Y k , f ly , Wen twort h Mist ress arb ara 6 0 , B , Th or Gen era 1 2 S ir Geor e 2 0 , 7 l , 7 ; g , 3 ;

Th oresb R . anti uar S ir ohn 6 0 S ir Th os 6 0 8 y , ( q y) , 9 4 J , ; , 4 , Th ornh i Th om as 6 2 ll , , 2 W Th orn t on R ob t . es e Charles 1 2 ohn 1 2 , , 5 l y , , 5 ; J , 5 Thurst an Ar hb i sh o o f or a , c p Y k ( W 0 orm an 2 1 est Wm . 2 2 2 0 N ) , 9 , 93 , , , 3 2 14 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

White Mr 1 00 Wood ro v e Richd Vi ar of D ar , , c * Whit eh ead D ee in e rin t on o 1 1 1 oroth , p g , g , 7 , D y , oroth 8 2 0 wi e of 0 D y , 3 , 3 f , 7 W r T Whi t eh ouse Th om as Vi ar of o lid e . 1 1 , , c g , , 5 arrin t on 1 1 I Wort e Sir Fran is 2 0 D g , l y , c , 3 Whi t e d Ge or e 1 2 Wran ham Ar hdea on 1 2—1 ﬁ l , g , 5 g , c c , 7 74 1 2 R ev i wa Wi b er or e . b S t ran e s Vi ar l f c , 7 D g y g y , c — Wi l ets R ev . har es of arrin t on 1 1 6 l , C l , D g , 74 7 , - L on e 1 1 2 1 80 1 82 R ev . Fran is R e t or of y l, c , c William of Ma m esb ur 1 H ard enhuish v ii 1 8 1 8 Mrs l y , 3 , , 4 , 3 ; , * Wi i am t he on ueror x i 1 1 1 8 1 Mr . S er ean t 1 2 ll C q , , g , 7 1 6 * —1 8 2 6 1 1 Wri ht ose h 0 , , 9 g , J p , 7 Willi am son n e of Adelin us steward , , f e L ord t h e Ki n 1 6 o y g , 9 Wi iam son of Wa t er the ha ai n Yor Ar hb ish o s of P at ron s of ll , l , c pl k , c p , at arrin t on 1 2 arri n t on 1 1 1 D g , 9 D g ,

Wi so n Nat hani e 1 0 Yor L ord Ma or of E . R . P etre l , l , 4 k , y ( ) , Winch else Ar hb ish o I y , c p, 44 34 Wo se Ar hb isho of Yor Youn Arthur I 1 8 l y , c p k, g, , x 11 Wood Anthon a 6 Sir has , y , 9 ; C , 0 Z ouche Archb isho 1 1 5 , p, 94

2 1 6 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

heshire 1 erwent th e C , 39 D , , 49 h e i ot s iii e i es 1 0 1 1 C v , x D v z , 5 , 5 hi enh am 1 8 D on ri er C pp , 3 ( v ) , xv “ a h am 1 1 1 on ast er x i x ur 6 0 8 -8 Cl p , D c , , , 3 , , 3 5 , e e an d 1 Cl v l , 73 li r o d nr . ram h am 1 8 orset shir e 1 88 C ff , B , 4 D , o eb Li n o nshire 1 1 urh a m 8 1 1 1 C l y , c l , 9 D , 4 , 49 , 59 , 4 , 49 C0 le 2 Gao 2 0 p y , 9 l , 5 on isb orou h 1 I 6 C g , 3 , C n n 2 o em ar a , 2 Coth erst on e 1 E ast Ard s e 0 , 7 l y , 9 ott in h am 1 6 1 8 E ast H ardwi C g , , 4 ck , xv ott on en d ort h am t onshire o E di nb ur h 2 1 2 0 1 6 1 2 C (N p ) , 7 g , 7 , , 3 , 4 ra en 1 6 E li z abeth of ew ast e o n T n e 1 C v , N c l y , 49 rid in x i 2 8 2 6 1 86 E lm et e Forest of 1 8 C l g, , , 9 , 5 , 7 , , , , 1 8 * Ch a e of E ase 1 82 E m sa 1 9 p l , l ll , 3 P ar 8 1 8 E l 1 0 k , 5 , 3 y , rim ea 1 1 E l H ouse C , 5 y , 95 um b er an d 8 E n an d x i 8 8 1 1 1 6—1 1 8 1 2 1 C l , 4 gl , , 4 , , , ,

a e Fi e d s x iv E wort h 1 2 * D l l , p , 7 an um D on ast er E sse x v i D ( c ) , 3 x , , 9 9 D arﬁ eld 1 1 E uro e 8 , 9 p , 4 arri n t on D art hin t on x i—x v i v ersle 1 6 2 D g ( g ) , , y , — — o * 2 2 8 E w 6 1 2 ood H a nr . H a i a 3 , 9 5 , , 5 , , ll , l f x , 95 o * 2 6 0 6 2—6 6 3 , 3 , 5 4 , , 5 , 9 , 2— 82 —8 88— 7 74 . 5 . 9 3 . 1 0 1 1 1 Feath erst on e 2 0 hur h 1 8 9 9 , 4 , , , 4 C c , 1 1 8 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 6- 1 2 en s th e 1 0 , 4 , 9 , F , , 1 1 *- 1 1 6 1 8 1 2 Ferr b ri d e x i x 111 * x iv * 1 2 1 4 43 , 4 , 4 , 5 , y g , , , , , 3 , 1 1 8 1 6 o 1 6 2 54 , 5 , , 1 1 6 1 1 8 1 1 82 1 8 —1 8 75 , 7 , 79 , , , 7 9 , 1 2—1 1 —1 2 02 -2 0 a Fi e d am es 2 0 1 9 9 5 , 9 7 9 9 , 5 ; Bl ck l N , “ C um 1 0 0 ar a 1 2 F am b orou h 6 8 l p, xv , ; C f x , 9 l g , att e L aith 1 hur h an d ers 8 C l , 59 ; C c , Fl , 9 2 0 0- 1 * Fost on -le- a 1 . 4 47 . 5 . 5 3 . 5 7 Cl y , 73 Foun t ain s Ab b e 2 8 y , F ox an d H un d 8 o s , 9 1 6—1 8 1 1 8 1 8 2 0 Co n Fr an e 6 1 1 8 1 7 , 3 , 4 , 4 ; c , 4 , , 9 3 v afes cen t H o m e 1 82 ross Fr st on 1 hur h 1 8 , C y , 99 C c , R oads 2 1 1 6 2 rown I n n iii , , C , x , 2 1 1 H a x v i 6 , 43 ; ll , , 3 , 9 3 , * 1 1 1 8 1 H o at e H i 6 2 Gadshi n r . R o h ester 3 , lg ll , ll , c , 99 I n an t S h oo 1 82 L ad h a e Gal wa 2 2 f c l , y C p l y , 2 00 2 0 1 Le s 6 2 L h - at e Garrawa Coﬁ ee H ouse han e , y , yc g , y , C g 1 82 Man or 2 6 88 2 1 2 Al e L on d on 1 , , , 9 , 3 , l y , , 39 1 6 1 1 0 1 1 Man or Gib ra t ar 4 , 49 , 5 , 9 l , 74 H ouse 2 2 6 Meth odist Gi d ersom e 0 , , 3 ; l , 9 h a e 1 2 8 1 0 1 1 1 8 ° Gi in 1 C p l , , 3 , 5 , 5 ll g, 7 Mi * N ew Vi ara e 1 G ou est er 1 2 6 ll , xv ; c g , 54 l c , ” P ari sh S t o s 1 R eadi n Goath an d 2 0 1 ck , 79 : g l , R o om 1 82 S ar i h a e 2 Goo d m anh am 1 8 , c g ll C p l , 7 , , 4 ’ 1 S h oo m ast er s H ouse 1 82 Goo e 9 3 c l , l , xv S rin G ardens 1 6 Tith e Gram m ar S hoo s Yor and Ma ton p g , 5 ; c l , k l , b arn 1 6 0 , 57 INDEX OF P LACES 2 1 7

O Grantha m 1 2 0 The An e 1 Kir b O erb ow 1 8 , 99 , g l , 4 3 k y v l , 4 Go n erb H i n r G Kir st a 0 e 1 8 1 1 . rantham Ab b y ll , , k ll , 9 ; y , , 9 3 . 9 5 G ra esen d Kn aresb orou h 1 6 6 8 * v , 99 g , , Great ort h R oad x i x ii * Kn ottin e x ii 1 N , , , xv , 3 , gl y , , 9 , 7 9 , 9 9 ; hur h 1 8 C c , Grea e i e d 2 0 v F l , 4 G rea e H a see Gro e v ll, v G ree e 6 L a e istri t 1 0 c , 4 k D c , 7 Gro e x i H a iii 2 0 * L an ashir e x i v 1 8 1 2 v , ll , x , 4 c , , , 7 L an a st er 8 u h of 1 c , 4 D c y , 7 ’ E n L an d s d , 1 1 H ai h 2 nﬁ l 6 g , 9 L eco e d , 1 H a i a 88 2 L ed sham * Chur h 1 8 l f x , , 9 , 9 7 c , H a l am shir e 1 6 L ee ds 0 1 8 P ub i R e eren e l , , 9 , 5 ; l c f c H ard en ui sh Wi ts 1 8 Lib rar 1 ( l ) , 3 y , 9 9 H arewood I 1 L e i olum Ca st e ord , 3 g ( l f ) , 3 H arr o at e 1 L ei es ter 1 1 g , 59 c , 7 H arthi 1 8 Li n o n 8 ll , 4 c l , 4 H at e d I 6 Li n o n s hire 1 6 I 8 1 2 1 2 ﬁ l , c l , , , 5 , 7 H ea din e 0 Li er o o 1 6 gl y , 9 v p l , 7 H em swort h 6 0 Li er se d e 0 , 5 9 , v g , 9 H en sa 1 1 L a n d af ll , 9 l f , 5 9 H in d erwe 2 0 1 L on d on x ii—x i v 2 0 8 1 0 ll , , , 7 , 9 , 9 , 4 , H o d ern ess 1 6 * l , H o h am 1 1 * 1 2 1 1 80 1 86 riti sh lk , 7 4 , 59 , , B H oh e on S a din Moor 1 * 1 8 useum 1 0 ritish Museum n p l g , 4 7 4 M , 4 , 3 B H orsh am S usse 1 Lib rar 1 1 Ch art erh ouse 8 , x , 9 3 y , 3 , 4 ’ H os it a o f erusa e m 1 6 E l H o use C arrawa s p l J l , 9 y , 9 5 ; y H ouse of Co m m on s 1 02 1 2 1 Coffee H o us e Ch a n e A e 1 , , , g ll y , 3 9 H o us e of L ord s 1 0 Gui dh a Ch a e 1 1 I n n s o f , 7 l ll p l , 3 H e 88 f An dr ew ow 8 2 Court 6 P ari sh o S t . l y , , 9 , 9 , 9 , H u at e 1 1 H o b orn 1 0 R o s H o use 8 gg , 9 l , 5 ll , 3 ’ H u 1 2 1 86 S s 1 0 S o m ers et H ous e t . P au ll , 5 9 , 7 , l , 9 H ullen e d e 2 0 ower o f L on d o n 6 1 g , 9 9 T , H um b er 1 2 1 L on Newnt on G ou est ershire , , 75 g , l c H un ar 1 6 8 1 8 g y , 3

H un m anb n r . rid in t on 1 2 Lu set 2 y , B l g , 7 , p , 9 I 73 H un ti n don Th e a on 1 g , 9 9 F lc , 4 3 Th e G eor e 1 Mal ton 1 1 2 Gra m m ar S h oo g , 43 , 7 , 7 c l 6 0 Man h este r 1 6 1 c , 3 , 3 9 Ire an d Me th e 2 l , 7 l y , 9 Me b orou h 2 x g , 9 Mitt o n 1 8 , 4 erusa em 1 6 Mon h i 6 J l , 9 k ll , 5 Mor e 0 l y , 9 Mowb ra Va e of 1 6 y , l , Ke in t on 0 Mu ra e 1 ll g , 7 lg v , 7 K illin le 1 8 g y , 4 i w h 1 1 K m b er ort , 9 ’ Kin st on -u on -H u 1 8 N evi n son s L e a 8 g p ll, 4 p , 9 Kirb Moors id e 1 6 ewar 8 1 0 y , N k , 9 , 4 Kir S m eat on 0 1 6 1 -1 6 ew a st e 1 2 k , 9 , 9 , 7 , 93 9 , N c l , 59 , 79 , 7 , 1 Chur h 1 8 ewh all 2 9 9 c , N , 9 Kir b Ma zeard ast e 1 New Ma ton 0 k y l C l , 7 l , 7

P 2 2 1 8 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSH IRE PARISH

N ewYor 0 R otherham 1 8 2 02 2 0 k , 5 , 7 , 3 , , 3 N ew Z ea an d 1 6 R o w e 1 8 l , 9 l y , 4 idderd al e * Russia 1 6 8 N , 4 , or o 1 1 6 N f lk , orm an t o n 2 0 1 N , A an s 00 ort h a t on E ast Ridi n 6 1 S t . b 2 N D l ( g) . , l , ’

I S t . Mar s Ab b e or 2 8 47 y y , Y k , orth S ea 1 6 S a i sb ur S ee of 1 0 N , 9 l y , , 5 orthum b erland 8 S a ton 1 N , 4 l , 47 ort on 8 S an d a 1 6 2 0 1 ast e 1 00 , 5 l , , C l , ost ell hur h 1 P ri or 1 8 hur h 1 0 1 Three H ouses I n n C c , 95 y , C c , , No n ham shire 1 1 1 0 1 tti g , 9

S an da n r . P ont e ra t 1 8 l , f c , 4 S a b Lin o nshire 1 1 0 x y , c l , 39 , 4 Old G ate I nn 8 S a rb orou h 1 8 , 9 c g , 5 O s oldcross Wa e nta e of x i 1 S ar i Ch an t r arri n t o n 2 g , p k , , 7 c g ll y , D g , 7 O s west r 0 S ot ti sh ord er 1 y , 7 c B , 43 O use ri e r 1 2 S ea t o n 1 8 ( v ) , , 4 O wst on h ur h 1 8 S em ri n h am C c , p g , 59 O ord 80 8 1 2 1 6 1 S e n a 1 1 1 xf , , 9 , 5 , 5 , 9 3 l c , , 4 Co r us Ch risti Co e e 1 0 S h a t on 1 1 p ll g , 5 f , 9 * E et er Co e e 1 2 Orie S h ef e d 1 6 x ll g , 5 l ﬁ l , ’ Co e e 6 1 0 ue e n s o e e S h erb urn Man or o f ll g , 9 , 5 Q C ll g , , , 59 ’ h n h erwo o or s x i 1 1 1 S t . o s o e e 1 2 S d e t J C ll g , 7 F , U n i ersit 1 0* S h i t on Mo n e t h P ar h e . C o f v y , 5 p y , . O o rd shire 1 1 6 E st ourt G ou est ers ire 1 2 xf , c , l c h , 5 S i st o n e 2 0 lk , 4 S e b ro o e 8 8 * k l k , 4 , 5 P en th or n r Wa e e d 1 00 S kello we 8 p , . k ﬁ l , , 5 P et e rb o ro u h 2 00 S i t o n 1 6 g , k p , P i eri n 1 S i n sb Cas t e 1 ck g , 7 l g y l , 7 ] P o an d S m eat on s ee Ki r S m eat o n l , 79 , k P o n te ra t x i * x i v o * S n da e H a I 2 f c , , , xv , 3 , y l ll , 3 S o uth Am eri a 1 6 8 c , 8 —8 88 1 02 * S outh Ca e E ast R idin 1 2 1 3 5 . . v , g , 7 , 75 S outh Kir b 1 k y , 9 9 S outhwe 2 0 ll , 4 Cast e x 1 1 1 6 6 0 1 0 S aldi n h olm e 1 l , , 3 , 7 , 5 , , 3 , p g , 47 1 hur h 1 8 Mar et Cro ss S o f ort h 1 6 9 3 C c , k , p f , Mar P it L an e 1 2 1 S rotb orou h on th e D on 88 74 ; l , 9 , 9 3 ; p g , , ’ Ma or s P ri so n 2 0 P rior o f 2 y , 3 ; y 9

S t . oh n 1 8 0 6 S tam ord Th e Geor e 1 J , , 3 , 5 , f , 99 g , 43 R o er at e 6 1 ross o f S S t an h o e D urh am 1 0 t . p g , C p ( ) , 7 * O swa d S ta r I n n 0 S t a e or d 6 l . 74 ; , 7 ; pl f , * West Fie d Lan e 1 2 1 S t a et o n x i 1 0 1 l , 9 , 9 3 pl , , xv , 5 , 9 , , 3 1 8 2 1 2 2 6 6 , , 7 , 9 , 5 , 3 ,

R a en sworth 1 1 8 1 1 80 1 1 8 v , 7 3 , 75 , , 95 , 9 , R h eim s ath e d ra as t e arm 1 2 ha e 2 C l , C l F , 3 ; C p l , 7 , Rib b esda e 1 6 1 82 1 H a 1 1 1 l l , , 9 3 ; ll , 3 , 3 4 , R i hm o n d 1 1 Man or 2 c , 7 3 7 ; , 7 , R i o n 6 8 6 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 P ar p , 3 . 9 . 3 . 3 . 39 . 4 : k . R o all * , 9 “ R o h e s t er 1 0 S ti t o n T h e e 1 c , 7 l , B ll, 43 R om an R o ad S t ub b s Wa d en 8 1 , 3 , 4 l , 5 , 9 9 R om e 6 S uf o x v i , 4 f lk ,

G EN E RAL I NDEX

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aron s of the E h e uer 2 h art er of S t . oh n th e E an e ist B xc q , 9 C J v g l * art on Fa m i 1 - 1 0 of P onte ra t 2 8 B ly , 39 4 f c , att e of Win waed x ii h art u ar of o t on P rior 1 6 B l , C l y B l y , 9 - P o e ac B e i nn in s th e 1 0 Chartular o S t . ohn o nt r t g g , , 3 y f J f f , B i o ra hi al N o es o the Yorkshi re H o m es 1 1 g p c t f l , 9 GENERAL INDEX ‘

hristian es un om m on m en an es 1 2 1 C N am ( c ) D , , 3 ti ne d i n D t on P arish D an ish i n cursion s 6 o arring , R e i st ers 6 6 D ar A es g , k g , 3 7 hur h on dition of in the ei h arrin t o n m eanin of n am e C c , c , g D g , g , 5 t een th entur 1 0 8 i n th e t hirt een t h en t ur 2 0—2 c y , c y , 5 hur h t h e E stab i shed 1 2 -1 2 i n th e ourt eenth en tur 1 8 C c , l , 4 7 , f c y , 9 in th e si t eenth en tur — x c y , 3 4 39 hur h Gui ds 6 1 8 -1 8 1 - 1 6 6 Ch ur h C c l , 7 , 7 7 3 5 75 , 53 c Chur h Li e 1 00 1 06—1 1 0- d es ri tion o f c f ( 7 3 4 4 7 c p , R e i a of 1 2 -1 8 1 6—1 8 ont rib ut ors t o th e v v l , 7 4 7 7 c

hur h Li e an d hur h affairs 1 8 ost of rest orati on et c. 1 80 1 8 1 C c f C c , 5 c , , , Chur h at e 2 0 1 om m un i ati on with t h e out sid e c pl , c c Chur h es whitewashin of th e In ner wor d 1 6 on n e tion of with c , g l , 3 c c , wa s o f 1 2 00 Kir st a Ab b e 1 Chri st m as ll , 99 , k ll y , 9 3 Chur hwardens of D arrin t on 1 6 8 Fes ti ities at 1 6 0 1 6 1 Curi ous c g ( 5 ) v , , 0 E ntri es in th e P arish R e i st er s 7 g , hur hwardens a nd o erseers of 6 o E du ation i n i n t h e C c v 9 , 7 c , D arrin t on 2 02 n i n et ee n t h en tur 1 1 8 g , c y , 5 7 , 5 ; i i S o i et an d Go ern m en t Fun era ustom s at 1 6 0 Man or C v l c y v l c , ; Vin di at ed rom th e h ar e of of 1 0 —1 0 1 02 —1 0 Meth od c f c g , 7 9 75 , 3 ; b ein oun ded o n an d reser ed i st s 1 2 * Meth odist Ch a e g F p v , 9 p l h n D r w 1 2 8 1 0 P ri h M a in e 1 8 b is o est A t s . urr o a s a y D c , B , , 3 g z , 3 Vi ar of D arrin to n 1 1 P ari sh R e i st ers 6 6 0 c g , 3 g , 4 , 9 , 7 , 9 3 i i War se ent eenth entur 1 1 2 1 6 1 2 0 C v l , v c y , 9 5 . . 4 . 49 . 4 re- o n uest own ers of 1 1 p C q , 9 C aren d on uotati on rom 8 S hr o e T uesda ust om s at 1 6 0 l , q f , 9 v y c , er on dition of i n t h e six Vi ars of 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 Cl gy , c , c , 3 7 , 3 , , , 53

t eenth entur 8 in om e o f arri n t on a n d th e P rior of S t . c y , 3 ; c , D g y i n th e ei ht eenth entur 1 0 8 oh n at P ont e ra t 1 g c y , J f c , 9 4 eri s ist of re-R e orm ation arri n t on an d Sta et on i n the Cl c , l p f D g pl 1 2 8 1 1 2 ourt een th en t ur 1 8 ( 5 . 5 f c y , 9 o a hi n d a s en d of 1 1 —1 D e L a own ershi of or shire C c g y , , 4 4 5 cy p Y k ’ ” Co e s li in s 1 1 8 and 1 6—1 k C pp g , l , 9 o e tin i n Chur h es for other D erb th e 1 C ll c g c y , 3 7 P ari sh es 0 1 Di cti on ari um Rusti cum o r Th e , 7 , 7 , , Com i n o the F ri ars esso 2 I n t er ret ati on of R ustick Term s g f , J pp, 3 , 3 3 p , Com m i ssi on ers appoin t ed t o survey 1 1 5 th e hant ri es Gui ds an d H os ire t or of P ub i Worshi C , l , D c y l c p itals in th e oun t of or 2 00 P r es b t eri an 6 p C y Y k , ( y ) , 7 Com m itt ee o f R eligi on 6 7 D i ss ertati on on the H appy I nﬂuence of Com m itt ee of th e West Ridin 1 02 S oci et m erel Ci vi l urrow 1 1 g, y y , B , 3 orb R o er d e Vi ar I nstituti on om esd a oo 1 -1 1 1 1 C y , g , c , D y B k , 3 5 , 9 , 9 of 1 om es d a S ur e 6 1 , 9 7 D y , , 9 “ v y orn L aws 1 1 1 6 om i ni an s 0 C , 54 , 55 , 7 D c , 3 Cott ars 1 D ucatus L eodi ensi s Thoresb , 4 , y , 9 4 Coucher B ook o the Ci sterci an Abbe urham Assi es 1 2 0 f y D z , 79 3 , 5 o K i rkstall Thoresb S o iet 1 f , y c y , 93 oun i of t h e orth 1 6 0 C c l N , 53 7 , 59 , ri m War 1 1 6 E arl orkshi S l ean r A . Y e choo s . Y . S C , 5 4 , 5 y , ross dis o ered at ridlin P ar R e ord S eri es 1 8 C c v C g k, c , 4 ’ E boracum ra e 1 1 2 , D k , rusad es 1 0 8 E du ati on Act 1 8 6 1 6 C , c , 7 , 9 ’ Curat es salari es i n th e e ight eenth E d ucati on i n D arrin gt on i n th e en tur 1 08 urat es at D ar ni n et een th entur 1 1 8 c y , C c y , 5 7 , 5 ri n t on 1 1 2 Ei ht eenth centur its hara ter g , g y, c c , Custom s of Yorkshi re 2 05 1 06 222 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

E n lish dissen t 1 0 H i stori cal Growth o E n li g , 3 f the g s h E n li sh P ari sh C ur h D 00 P i s C u h c r . x 2 a A H m Co r h h rch . a i t on g , , , l E n ish P ari sh R e i st ers 6 Th om son 1 gl g , 5 p , 9 E st ourt a m i t h eir on n e tion H i stor o E n li sh Rural Li e c f ly ; c c y f g f , with O ord Un i ersit th e Fordham 3 xf v y , , 75 - H o use of Com m on s et c. 1 0 1 2 H i stor o the E va n eli cal P art , , 5 5 y f g y , E u hrat es E edition 1 8 1 1 B allei n e 1 0 p xp , 3 4 , 5 , 9 E an e i a m o em ent 1 2 6 H i stor o H i s Own Ti m e B urn et v g l c l v , y f , , 89 H i stor o K naresborou h H ar ro e y f g , g v Fa rm ers a n d fa rm in g in the eigh 6 8 t een th en tur 1 1 —1 2 H i stor o L oi di s and E lm ete Whit c y , 4 3 y f , Farm h ouse of t h e thirt een th cen t a er 88 k , t ur 22 -2 o P ari s h Re i sters B urn 6 y , 4 f g , , 5 Farm i n E n ish 1 8 1 88 ol ate Fam i an d St a et on 8 g , gl , 7 , g ly pl , 5

Farrar Wm . Tom b of in arri n 6 , , , D g 3 t on hur h H om a ers 1 C c , 95 g , 4 eu m M F da i s 1 1 H o i n son S . 1 l , pk , 99 Fi e d a m es 2 0 1 H usb a ndm an of t h e Stuart an d l N , Fit Wi liam s a n d the d e S ar i ls ear G e or i an eri od s 1 1 z l c g l , ly g p , 9 — 2 6 2 9 F am b oro u h R e i st ers 6 8 l g g , Fo od i n t h e t hi rt een th entur 2 I m ro em en ts A t s 1 8 c y , 3 , p v c , 7 2 4 I ndex of Wi lls from the D ea n and ’

F x We k A . S o Feast at ntb rid e 1 Cha ter s Court at Yor Y . . g , 44 p , Fran hi s e th e 1 R e ord S eri es 1 8 c , , 54 c , 4 Fra n is ans 1 — I ndian Mutin 1 c c , 3 3 3 y , 54 Free Trad e 1 6 8 1 6 h rea t ort h Road , 9 I nn s on t e G N , Fren h P ari sh R e ist ers 6 6 I c g , 4 , 5 43 ri ar s th e 0- 1 2 8 Iris h eas an tr 2 F , , 3 3 3 , , 4 p y , 4 ' Fri sian s ides 80 , 5 Irons , Fun era ustom s at arrin t on l C D g , 1 6 0 esuit Fath ers 1 1 J , 3 ose h A ndrews Fie din 1 1 0 J p , l g, Gam e A ts 1 8 P arson Ad am s an d P arson Trn l c , 7 Gi sies 1 ib e r 1 1 0 p , 44 l , Gloucester ournal 1 ut es J , 75 J . 5 ’ Goldsm i th s picture of village pas 0 t or , 1 1 Great E hib ition 1 Kath erin e H oward ue en char e x , 54 (Q ) , g Grea t R eb e i on tim e of x u of ad u t er a ain st 6 0 ll , , l y g , ’ Gre Friars 0 K eb le s Assi e S erm o n 1 6 y , 3 z , 5 Kir st a Ab b e o n n e tion of k ll y , c c ar ri n t on with 1 co n D g , 9 3 l M 1 n of Wen tb rid e an d H a ei an S . n ct io r , 9 7 e g H arr i n of th e orth 1 S ta et on with 1 y g N , 3 pl , 9 5 H a ward th e 8 Kn ar esb orou h R e i ster 6 8 y , , g g , H eart o M idl othi an S ott 1 1 K n a resborou h Wi lls S urt ees S o f , c , 4 g , H e wood O i er uot ation ro m ciet 1 y , l v , q f y , 9 7 in hi s i ar arrest etc. of Ne D y , , v o o 0 s on , r , 1 1 Hi h Tob iii L an astri ans x u g y , x , 99 c ,

H i hwa i e i n t he se enteen th L an sdown e M S S . 1 0 g y l f v , 3 cent ur 2 02 L eeds I ntelli encer 1 6 2 y , g , Hi hwa m en iii L e 1 6 2 g y , x eds Mm ury.

2 24 MEMORIALS OF A YORKSHIRE PARISH

R a in a n d R a e H orses 1 6 1 Sta n -ridi n 1 6 1 2 0 c g c , 3 , 3 7 g g, , 4 ’ Rai si n o ai rus s D au hter 1 Sta eton m ea nin of 6 S a e g f j g , 73 pl , g , ; l R a e o the L ock P o e 1 2 of Man or 1 p f , p , 3 , 3 9 R ee e t h e 8 Sta eton an d arri n t on in th e v , , pl D g R e orm Act 1 ourt eenth entur 1 8 f , 54 f c y , 9 R e orm at ion 0 8— 2 Sta et o n a n d the H o ate Fam i f , 3 , 3 7 , 4 5 , 75 , 9 7 , pl lg ly , - 5 8 6 3 R e en th e 1 Sta et on Man or 1 02 —1 1 0 g cy , , 3 5 pl , 7 749 , 4 R e i st er of Ar hb ish o Me t on 1 1 0 1 6 2 —1 g c p l , 9 7 5 ; 7 3 3 Regi ster of the B uri als i n York Stapleton an d Wen tb ridge con M i ns ter accom ani ed b M onu n ecti on with Ki r st a Ab b e , p y k ll y , m en al I nscri ti ons a n d I llus 1 t p , 9 5 trated wi th B i o ra hi cal N oti ces Sta tut e of Ar hb isho P e kham , g p c p c ,

b R . H . S ka ife 2 0 y , 3 R e ie of R at es A t s 1 8 Stuart s 86 Stuart ause x 11 l f c , 7 , ; c , R e i i o n i n E n an d in th e ei h Stuart t im es 6 S tuart a n d l g gl g , 3 t een th entur 1 06 1 2 E ar Geor i an P eriod s husb and c y , , 4 ly g , R est oration 6 1 2 6 m an oi 1 1 , 7 , , 9 R e i a of hur h Li e 1 2—1 8 S und a -s h oo s estab ish ed 1 2 6 v v l C c f , 7 4 y c l l , Ridin t h e S t an 2 0 S u erstition of i a e o of th e g g , 4 p v ll g f lk Ri sin of th e ort h 1 Vi t ori an E ra 1 g N , 5 c , 59 R oad A t s 1 8 R o ads b ad and i n S u res sion of t h e Great er Monas c , 7 pp a eri ous stat e 86 R oads im t eries of t he Lesser R eli i ous p l , ; , 49 g ro ed i n ei ht een th ent ur 1 1 H ouses p v g c y , 9 , 49 R om a n ath oli h ur h 1 2 S urn am es i n the t own shi s of C c C c , 5 p R om an ion eers R om an s arri n t on and S ta et o n 1 8 p , 4 , D g pl 9 x v i 86 S urn am es i n the arri n t on , 4 , D g R oun dh ead x m P ari sh R e ist ers 6 6 , , 79 g , R o a a on ne tion Surt ees S o iet v ii ub i ations y l N vy , c c c y , ; p l c , S oth eron s with 1 1 0 1 8 , 49 , 5 4 R o a i st For es S stem ata A ri culturw th e M st er y l c , 79 y g , y y R ura Li e of H usb and r dis o ered 1 1 l f , 75 y c v , 5

L r t n as er 1 6 1 Tam m an Rin 0 S t . e e a o t g D c , 3 , 3 7 y g , 5 ’ S a ati o n Arm 0 Ten n son s ort hern Farm er lv y , 3 y N , S av iles at S t a et on 2 - S a i e 1 6 6 pl , 9 9 5 v l am i 88— 1 b ran h es of 2 Testa m en ta L eodi ensi a Wi s of f ly , 9 c , 9 ( ll S a on s Le eds P o n t e ra t Wa e e d x , 5 , , f c , k ﬁ l ‘ S ar i s th e d e an d th e Fit and Ot e Thoresb S o iet c ll , , z l y) . y c y , i ll iam 2 6—2 1 s , 9 7 S ots 8 Thoresb S o i et vu c , 9 y c y , H i s or o the E n li sh P eo le Tith es Act 1 8 1 1 8 S hort t y f g p , , 9 , 7

Torre MS S . 6 0 Green , 1 2 6 , Sh rove Tuesday cust om s at D ar Trades at D arrington in the eigh ri n t on 1 6 0 t eenth entur 1 1 g , c y , 4 Si t eenth en tur - Tudors 6 0 Tudor da s 1 1 x c y , 3 4 39 , y , 9 ia an d e on om i on dition s Turn i e Trust s 1 2 0 S oc l c c c , p k , 0—1 6 0 —8 1 55 5 , 75 7 S oci al a n d I n dustri al H i story Of E n lan d Ti n er 1 2 Uni t arianism 1 2 g , ck , 4 , 5 S o m en 8 1 c , , 4 - S oth eron s an d S oth eron E stcourt s , — Vi ars of arrin t on 8 6 2 1 46 1 52 c D g , 3 7 , 3 , , h G ison i n Gib ra tar S pani s arr l , 74 n 0 S ta e oa h es Vi a e east at arri n t o , 1 6 g C c , ll g f D g GENERAL INDEX 225

’ Vi a e if e an d the Methodi sts 1 2 West Ridin S ession s R o s ll g l , 4 g ll , 1 3 0 2 0 3 Vi a e i e i n t h e ni n eteenth cen Whit e ri ar s 0 ll g l f F , 3 ur I —1 Whit eh ead oroth a fairs of t y . 5 5 57 , D y , f , Vi llagers i nt erest i n weddings an d 2 0 3 un era s 1 1 6 0 Wi nwaed at t e of x 11 f l , 59 , , B l , Vi ein s 1 Wi of D i oni se Austwi cke ll , 4 ll , , 54 Vi sit ation of Yor shire 1 am es Green wood G eor e k , 47 J , 9 5 ; g H o at e 6 2 E ar of S usse 0 lg , l x , 9 am es Thwait es 6 J , 5 Wa es i n the si teenth entur Wi s of th e or R e i st r 1 g x c y , 3 5 , ll Y k g y , 47 8 Wit h es an d Wise wom en b urn in 3 c , g f 8 Wake eld Cou Rolls Y . A. S . o fi rt , , 9 R e ord S eries 1 6 Woodr ev e th e 8 c , 4 , , Wa e e d Gen era S essi on s 1 02 Wood rov e R i h ard a oint m ent k fi l l , , c , pp Wa e e d uart er S ession s 1 6 1 of as R e i st rar of D arrin t on k fi l Q , 4 , , g g 6 2 * Wars of th e R oses x 11 Woo e h art er 1 , , 3 7 ll y C , 93 Ward enshi s a t L on d on Cam p , b ri d e ri st o O ord New g , B l , xf , ast e Wor est er an d or 1 or Assi es 1 c l , c , Y k , 3 Y k z , 45 Wen tb rid e Chantr 6 or Min st er R e ist ers 1 g y , 5 , 57 Y k g , 47 Wentb rid e en tr i n th e K n ares or Wi s 6 g y Y k ll , 5 3 , 54 , 5 b orou h Wi s 1 or ist x ii g ll , 9 7 Y k , Wen t b rid e ra nt s of an d at t o or shire Ar h aeo o i a ourn a 6 g , g l , Y k c l g c l J l , , o t on P ri or 1 6 t o Nost ell B l y , 9 ; P ri or 1 or shir e Ar h ae o o i a S o iet y , 9 5 Y k c l g c l c y , Wentb rid e an d St a et on con vii R e ord S eri es 1 g pl , ; c , 9 4 Y n ection of with Kir st a Ab b e orkshi re D eeds Wi lls et c. 1 6 , k ll y , , , , 4 1 Yorks hi re L a S ubsi d 1 8 95 y y , 4 Went b rid e F ox Feast at 1 or shire P ari sh R e ist er S o i et g , , 44 Y k g c y , Wes e an m o em en t 1 2 6 v ii 6 6 1 82 l y v , , 4 , 5 , ’ Wes e s 1 2 * Wes e s oh n Y orks hi re P ost 1 6 2 l y , 7 l y (J ) , ourn a 1 2 Yorkshi re S ta r Cham ber P roceedi n s J l , 7 g , i A . R ord S er es 1 8 Wes t Ri di n uarter S essi on s Y . S . e g Q c , 4 ’ Records 6 2 1 8 *-8 oun P ret en d er s Risin 1 2 , , 7 , 3 5 Y g g, 7

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