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Market Assessment for Feasible Income Generating Activities in Selected Woredas of South Omo Zone (Male, Benatsemay and Dasenech), Southern Ethiopia

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Market Assessment for Feasible Income Generating Activities in Selected Woredas of South Omo Zone (Male, Benatsemay and Dasenech), Southern Ethiopia Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.8, No.11, 2018 Market Assessment for Feasible Income Generating Activities in Selected Woredas of South Omo Zone (Male, Benatsemay and Dasenech), Southern Ethiopia Yidnekachew Alemayehu 1 Biruk Gezahegn 2* Tegegn Tesfaye 3 Medihin Madebo 4 Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 96, Jinka, Ethiopia Abstract The market assessment study was conducted in Dasenech, Malle and Benatsemay Districts of South Omo Zone with the objectives of assessing market feasible commodities for income generation in some selected project woredas of south Omo Zone. A total of 459 members of self-help group from pastoral and agro pastorals were participated on key informants’ interview as well as group discussion from 15 kebeles of three woreda. According to the key informants’ interview and focus group discussion with in each group we had summarized and prioritized the consensus ideas of the participants in group discussion for feasible income generating activities. The constraints in the study area include absence of market linkage, market information, infrastructure problem and absence of alternative market, producing poor quality product due to lack of awareness and crop disease. Keywords: Market Assessment, Income Generating Activities, Constraints and Opportunity 1. INTRODUCTION More than 85% of the Ethiopian population, residing in the rural area, is engaged in agricultural production as a major means of livelihood. Agriculture, which accounts for about 47% of GDP, 80% of export earnings and 85% of employment is the backbone of the economy. The industrial sector which accounted for only 12% of GDP in 2004 comprises making of textiles, food processing, cement manufacturing, construction and hydroelectric power generation, among others (MoARD, 2008). The main agricultural commodities produced in the country include coffee, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, “`khat”, meat, honey, hides and skins. Agricultural export accounted for 88.3% in 2007/08 (MoARD, 2008). Coffee is particularly important in the country’s economy having accounted for close to 35% of Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings in 2007/09. Other major agricultural exports are oilseeds (14.8%), pulses (9.3%), hides and skins, and the traditional "khat”. Despite its importance, agriculture continues to face a number of problems and challenges. The major ones are adverse climatic conditions; lack of appropriate land use system resulting in soil and other natural resources degradation; limited use of improved agricultural technologies; the predominance of subsistence agriculture and lack and/or absence of business oriented agricultural production system; limited or no access to market facilities resulting in low participation of the smallholder farmers in value chain or value addition of their produces (Matous, 2013). Although the southern region is high potential for agricultural production, several problems hinder economic development and food security in the region. Low level of use of improved agricultural technologies, traditional methods of production, natural resources degradation, livestock disease, poor infrastructure and lack of sustainable market outlet are among the key problems. South Omo is one of the zone which shares the above mentioned problems (Misgana et al ., 2017). To reverse this situation and re-instate agriculture as an engine for economic development calls for the development of appropriate human resources, provision of improved agricultural inputs; adaptation/application of appropriate technologies; and improvement and expansion of economic infrastructures. Securing accelerated and sustained development of the agricultural sector through the transformation of the subsistence agriculture to market- oriented development will also guarantee the sector's contribution to the attainment of the millennium development goals. To realize this, the government designed and put in place multitude of policies. Agriculture related policy instruments revolve around a major effort to support the intensification of \marketable farm products -both for domestic and export markets, and by both small and large farmers. Elements of the strategy include the shift to higher-valued crops, promoting high-value export crops with niche markets, and better integrating farmers with markets both locally and globally, a focus on selected high-potential areas through growth corridors, facilitating the commercialization of agriculture, supporting the development of large-scale commercial agriculture where it is feasible. This market assessment is therefore, to identify feasible IGA and potentials of the project woredas to engage in market-led development. The study aims at identifying potential commodities for income generation so as to enhance the communities’ participation in marketable commodities. 7 Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.8, No.11, 2018 2. OBJECTIVES i) To make market assessment and identify feasible commodities for income generation in some selected woredas of south Omo Zone; ii) To identify the constraints and opportunities of IGA 3. METHODOLOGY This market assessment task was carried out by establishing multidisciplinary team of researchers from livestock, crop, natural resource and socio economics research, technology transfer work process. Before starting of the study, the study team made short discussion on the ways of data collection, procedures and approach. The market assessment for IGA study was undertaken in one pastoral and two agro pastoral project woredas in South Omo zones of SNNPR. These woredas were Dasenech from pastoral area as well as Male and Benatsemay woreda from agro pastoral areas were selected. It was intended to take five kebeles each from the selected woreda where self-help groups are established. Secondary information was gathered from experts of woreda offices that provided relevant information for the study. Participant Kebeles with SHG were selected based on secondary data of the respective woreda level NPHHC project facilitator. A total of fifteen kebeles were selected from all respective project woreda, 3.1. Type of Data and Methods of Data Collection The major data collection methods used in the investigation periods includes group discussion with self-help group, key informant interview and field observation. A preliminary assessment was conducted to collect basic information about the woreda in order to select representative kebeles to conduct market assessment for feasible IGA activities. Participatory research approach was believed as an efficient way to jointly understand feasible IGA activities constraints and jointly identify its upgrading strategies. It was believed to generate policy relevant information that can provide guidance for further research, development interventions and for guiding formal survey. Thus, discussions with key informants and observation by using PRA were conducted on self-help group. After the rapid appraisal, the choice of income generating activities to be targeted was refined by applying priority criteria, weighting their relative importance and establishing ranking score sheets and pair wise matrix method. The check list was prepared to guide focus group discussions and the key informants’ interview in order to gather all the relevant information for identification of feasible IGA activities. The checklist aimed at generating relevant information on the potential commodities of agricultural and non-agricultural enterprises for income generation, the existing market situation and linkages, market institutions and facilities, marketing problems and possible solutions, institutional capacity for market led development, credit facilities and constraints. The questions were gender mainstreamed. 3.2. Data analysis The information and data gathered from different sources were triangulated and analyzed. The quantitative data was presented in tabular forms while qualitative information incorporated as narrative in the report to support the quantitative data. 3.3. General information of the study areas 3.3.1. South Omo Zone South Omo Zone is one of the 13 administrative zones found in SNNPRS which covers an area of 25530 km2 and is located 4.43’-6.46’ N and 35.79-36.06’E, and has a human population estimated 472977. The population density of the zone is 21 persons per km2 it’s bordering with Gamo Gofa Zone, Keffa Zone and Konta and Basketo special Woreda in north, Kenya in south, konso and Derashe special woredas in east and Sudan & bench magi Zone in west. The Zone is divided into 8 woredas and 1 city administration. Generally the altitude of the zone ranges between 360m.a.s.l and 3500 ma.s.l. The traditional agro-ecologies Dega,woina dega, kola and semi-arid cover 0.5, 5.1,60, and 34.4 percent respectively of the total area. Rain fall pattern in the area is both unimodal and bimodal. The mean annual rain fall ranges between 400 and 1600 mm. the mean annual temperature ranges between 10.1 and ›27.5oc. The zone has a huge animal resource with an estimate of about 906,442 cattle, 497,092 sheep, 846,611 goats, 311 camels, 453,366 chickens, 322,599 bee colonies and 87510 equines. Whereas Maize, Sorghum, Barley, Wheat, Teff, Godore, Millet, Cassava, Haricot bean and field pea are the major crops grow in the area. Regarding the land use the proportion of cultivated land, grazing land, forest land, cultivated land
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