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Checklist of Recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA

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Checklist of Recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA Great Basin Naturalist Volume 49 Number 4 Article 23 10-31-1989 Checklist of Recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA Dorothy E. Beetle University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Beetle, Dorothy E. (1989) "Checklist of Recent Mollusca of Wyoming, USA," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 49 : No. 4 , Article 23. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol49/iss4/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CHECKLIST OF RECENT MOLLUSCA OF WYOMING, USA Dorothy E. Beetle 1 Abstract. —Wyoming lacks a rich molluscan fauna clue to its considerable elevation, extremes of temperature, the short period between killing frosts, scanty moisture, and intermittent creeks. Recent mollusks found in the state total 42 genera (109 species), including 6 genera (23 species) of bivalves, 15 genera (42 species) of freshwater gastropods, and 21 genera (44 species) of land gastropods. Synonymy, the counties in which each species was collected, and habitat notes are given. The state of Wyoming stretches across the ture, and intermittent creeks make the state Continental Divide. Mountain ranges jut sky- inhospitable to mollusks. Limited habitat is ward along its western border and run diago- offered on the plains by cottonwoods and wil- nally northwest to southeast across the state. lows bordering creeks and ponds, and on The highest point, Gannett Peak, crowns the steep sedimentary slopes by shrubs. Many of Wind River Range at 13,804 feet. The lowest the intermittent creeks disappear in the elevation, 3,125 feet, is in the northeast cor- desert soil. A good many ponds are simply ner of the state in Crook County. depressions filled by meltwater and are sub- Rivers that flow from these mountains ject to seasonal drying, limiting habitat for eventually reach the Pacific Ocean or the gulfs freshwater mollusks. Damming of major riv- of California and Mexico. The Snake River, ers has changed habitat availability, particu- which flows through Grand Teton National larly for bivalves. Park, reaches the Pacific Ocean via the Co- Land mollusks occur in greatest abundance lumbia River. The Green River and its tribu- and largest number of species in the mountain taries empty into the Colorado River en route ranges from the foothills to above timberline. to the Gulf of California. Rivers in central and Here moist meadows, aspen stands, willows eastern Wyoming eventually join the Mis- and shrubs bordering ponds and creeks, and souri River on its way to the Gulf of Mexico. mixed coniferous-deciduous forests offer fa- The climate is rather harsh, with severe vorable habitats. winters and mild summers. Minimum winter This checklist of Recent Wyoming mollusks temperatures may drop to between — 40 F gives the counties in which each species was and —60 F. Summer days may have comfort- collected as well as habitat data. A total of 42 able temperatures in the 70s and 80s, but they genera encompassing 109 species and subspe- can go 10 or more degrees higher. Nights are cies is listed for the state, including 6 genera cool. The growing season is restricted, de- (23 species) of bivalves, 15 genera (42 species) pending upon the elevation, with killing frosts of freshwater gastropods, and 21 genera (44 occurring even in May and September on the species) of land gastropods. Figure 1 shows plains. the counties outlined in thick lines, the major Moisture, in the form of rain or snow, is river drainages indicated by thin lines, and light, ranging from under 22 inches annually the position of mountain ranges designated by in the mountains to 4-6 inches in the Red clusters of dots. Desert and along the eastern side of the state. Most of the specimens studied were col- Frost and snow may occur in the mountains lected on various trips by me between 1948 even in summer months. and 1988 and are in my personal collection. Although it ranks tenth in size among Additional material and/or records were ob- the states, Wyoming lacks a rich molluscan tained from Stephan L. Welty, Dr. Dwight fauna. The extremes of temperature, the short W. Taylor, Wyoming Game and Fish Com- period between killing frosts, the scanty mois- mission, Yellowstone National Park biologists, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder. Colorado 80309. 637 638 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 49, No. 4 YCUOWSTOMC RATION 4L PMK ^% Fig. 1. Wyoming, showing counties, principal rivers, and mountain ranges. and the University of Colorado Museum at Order Sphaeriacea Boulder, Colorado. Family Sphaeriidae Sphaerium lacustre (Muller, 1774) Class Bivalvia Sphaerium lacustre ryckholti Normand, 1844 Subclass Eulamellibranchia Sphaerium (Musculium) raymondi Cooper, 1892 Order Schizodonta County records: Albany, Carbon, Fremont, Natrona, Sublette, Teton. Margaritiferidae Family Habitat: In the mud and silt of ponds, small lakes, Margaritifera falcata (Gould, 1850) sloughs, with heavy vegetative growth, or creeks County records: Lincoln, Sublette, Teton, Uinta. with sandy bottoms; altitude 5,000-9.000 feet. Habitat: Streams with sand and cobble bottoms; usu- Sphaerium occidentale (Prime, 1853) ally cold water; altitude 6,000-7,000 feet. County records: Fremont, Teton. Family Unionidae Habitat: Shallow muddy ponds, depression in a Anodontoides ferrusacianus (Lea, 1834) meadow; one occurrence in Sphagnum moss edging County records: Goshen, Laramie, Platte. a bog; altitude 7,000-9,000 feet. Habitat: North Platte River and its tributaries in sand, Sphaerium securis (Prime, 1851) silt, and mud; altitude 4,000-6,000 feet. County records: Fremont. Anodonta californiensis Lea, 1852 Habitat: Creeks, gravel and mud bottoms with many County records: Uinta. aquatic plants. Habitat: Bear River; sand and gravel bottoms. Sphaerium simile (Say, 1816) Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea (Barnes, 1832) County records: Johnson, Sheridan. Lampsilis ventricosa (Barnes, 1823) Habitat: Perennial bodies of water, usually with a mud growth. County records: Converse, Fremont, Natrona, Platte. or sand bottom and thick aquatic Habitat: Sand, gravel and cobble bars in fairly swift Sphaerium striatinum (Lamarck, 1818) water; also silty mud at dams. Sphaerium tumidum (Baird, 1863) October 1989 Beetle: Wyoming Mollusca 639 County records: Albany, Carbon, Goshen, Laramie, Pisidium ventricosum Prime, 1851 Lincoln, Sheridan, Sweetwater, Sublette, Teton, County records: Sublette, Teton, Uinta. Uinta. Habitat: Ponds, marshes that do not dry completely. Habitat: Creeks, beaver ponds, small lakes, in mud and vegetation along shore; altitude approximately Class Gastropoda 4,200-8,000 feet. Pisidium adamsi Prime, 1852 Subclass Prosobranchia County records: Teton. Order Mesogastropoda Habitat: In muck of cold, spring-fed pond at 9,650 feet Family Valvatidae that is briefly ice-free during the summer; in silt and Valvata humeralis Say, 1829 thick plant growth. Valvata humeralis californica Pilsbry, 1908 Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791) County records: Teton. Pisidium concinnulum Sterki, 1906 Habitat: Lakes, ponds, marsh; with thick Pisidium occidentale Newcomb, 1865 mud bottom plant growth. Pisidium lucidum Sterki, 1923 Valvata sincera Say, 1824 County records: Abundant statewide. Valvata lewisi Currier, 1868 Habitat: Ponds, vernal pools, sloughs, marshes, bogs, Valvata lewisi helicoidea Dall, 1905 mud flats, small creeks, and backwaters of rivers; Valvata sincera helicoidea Dall, 1905 often among roots of plants; in mud; dredged at 35 County records: Albany, Teton. feet in Lake Marie in the Medicine Bow Mountains, Habitat: Mountain lakes, ponds, a vernal pond, creeks, altitude 9,600 feet. a with thick tan ooze bottom, and heavily vege- Pisidium compressum Prime, 1851 bog tated mud bottoms; usually with abundant aquatic County records: Albany, Carbon, Goshen, Laramie, vegetation. Lincoln, Sheridan, Sublette, Sweetwater, Teton, Family Hydrobiidae Uinta. Lithoglyphus columbiana (Hemphill, 1899) Habitat: Shallow creeks, river and lake margins, Fluminicola columbiana (Hemphill, 1899) sloughs with silt and mud bottoms. County records: Teton. Pisidium contortum Prime, 1851 Habitat: Backwaters of the Snake River. County records: Albany, Lincoln, Sublette, Sweet- Lithoglyphus hindsii (Baird, 1863) water, Teton, Uinta. Fluminicola fusca (Haldeman, 1847) Habitat: Creek margins, ponds; muddy bottom with Fluminicola coloradoense (Morrison, 1940) plants. County records: Lincoln, Sublette, Sweetwater, Pisidium ferrugineum Prime, 1852 Teton, Uinta. County records: Albany. Habitat: Snake and Green River drainages, on rocks. Habitat: In muck of beaver pond; altitude 9, 100 feet. Lithoglyphus virens (Lea, Pisidium idahoense Roper, 1890 1838) County records: Lincoln. County records: Teton. Habitat: Rivers, creeks, and irrigation ditches. Habitat: Mountain lakes. Fontelicella robusta Gregg & Taylor, 1965 Pisidium insigne Gabb, 1868 Amnicola robusta (Walker, 1908) County records: Lincoln, Sublette, Teton. County records: Lincoln, Teton. Habitat: In mud and plants of overflow from seeps and Habitat: Rivers, creeks; on rocks, sticks. springs. Amnicola greggi Pilsbry, 1935 Pisidium milium Held, 1836 County records: Lincoln, Sublette, Teton, Yellowstone County records: Fremont, Yellowstone National Park. National Park. Habitat: Small
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