THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census YANGON REGION, EASTERN DISTRICT Mingala Taungnyunt Township Report
Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population October 2017
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census
Yangon Region, Eastern District
Mingala Taungnyunt Township Report
Department of Population
Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population
Office No. 48
Nay Pyi Taw
Tel: +95 67 431 062
www.dop.gov.mm
October 2017
Figure 1: Map of Yangon Region, showing the townships
Mingala Taungnyunt Township Figures at a Glance 1
Total Population 132,494 2 Population males 62,530 (47.2%) Population females 69,964 (52.8%) Percentage of urban population 100.0% Area (Km2) 5.1 3 Population density (per Km2) 26,171.0 persons Median age 30.4 years
Number of wards 20 Number of village tracts - Number of private households 25,918 Percentage of female headed households 29.9% Mean household size 4.9 persons 4
Percentage of population by age group Children (0 – 14 years) 20.2% Economically productive (15 – 64 years) 73.4% Elderly population (65+ years) 6.4%
Dependency ratios Total dependency ratio 36.3 Child dependency ratio 27.5 Old dependency ratio 8.8
Ageing index 31.9
Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 89
Literacy rate (persons aged 15 and over) 97.6% Male 98.8% Female 96.7%
People with disability Number Per cent Any form of disability 4,406 3.3 Walking 2,174 1.6 Seeing 2,001 1.5 Hearing 1,323 1.0 Remembering 1,503 1.1 Type of Identity Card (persons aged 10 and over) Number Per cent Citizenship Scrutiny 89,113 76.9 Associate Scrutiny 529 0.5 Naturalised Scrutiny 2,174 1.9 National Registration 5,237 4.5 Religious 841 0.7 Temporary Registration 1,261 1.1 Foreign Registration 277 0.2 Foreign Passport 410 0.4 None 15,989 13.8
Labour Force (aged 15 – 64) Both sexes Male Female Labour force participation rate 57.7% 79.8% 38.4% Unemployment rate 5.2% 5.3% 5.0% Employment to population ratio 54.7% 75.5% 36.5%
Ownership of housing unit (Tenure) Number Per cent Owner 13,977 53.9 Renter 6,786 26.2 Provided free (individually) 532 2.1 Government quarters 3,870 14.9 Private company quarters 429 1.7 Other 324 1.3
Material for housing Wall Floor Roof Dhani/Theke/In leaf 0.2% 1.2% Bamboo 3.5% 1.1% <0.1% Earth <0.1% 0.2% Wood 14.9% 21.1% 0.5% Corrugated sheet 1.7% 67.6% Tile/Brick/Concrete 79.2% 76.9% 30.0% Other 0.5% 0.8% 0.6%
Main source of energy for cooking Number Per cent Electricity 18,525 71.5 LPG 1,548 6.0 Kerosene * <0.1 Biogas 301 1.2 Firewood 212 0.8 Charcoal 5,093 19.7 Coal 83 0.3 Other 148 0.6 Main source of energy for lighting Number Per cent
Electricity 25,588 98.7
Kerosene * 0.1
Candle 162 0.6
Battery 93 0.4
Generator (private) 37 0.1
Water mill (private) * <0.1
Solar system/energy * <0.1
Other 22 0.1
Main source of drinking water Number Per cent
Tap water/piped 10,090 38.9
Tube well, borehole 280 1.1
Protected well/spring 22 0.1
Bottled/purifier water 15,399 59.4
Total Improved Water Sources 25,791 99.5
Unprotected well/spring * <0.1
Pool/pond/lake * <0.1
River/stream/canal * <0.1
Waterfall/rainwater * <0.1
Other 110 0.5
Total Unimproved Water Sources 127 0.5
Main source of water for non-drinking use Number Per cent
Tap water/piped 24,955 96.3
Tube well, borehole 801 3.1
Protected well/spring 37 0.1
Unprotected well/spring * <0.1
Pool/pond/lake * <0.1
River/stream/canal - -
Waterfall/rainwater - -
Bottled/purifier water 57 0.2
Other 50 0.2 Type of toilet Number Per cent Flush 3,402 13.2 Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 21,985 84.8 Total Improved Sanitation 25,387 98.0 Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 52 0.2 Bucket (Surface latrine) 67 0.3 Other 162 0.6 None 250 0.9
Availability of communication amenities Number Per cent Radio 4,362 16.8 Television 23,847 92.0 Landline phone 5,029 19.4 Mobile phone 23,591 91.0 Computer 6,655 25.7 Internet at home 7,141 27.6 Households with none of the items 785 3.0 Households with all of the items 695 2.7
Availability of Transportation equipment Number Per cent Car/Truck/Van 4,602 17.8 Motorcycle/Moped 204 0.8 Bicycle 2,809 10.8 4-Wheel tractor 28 0.1 Canoe/Boat * 0.1 Motor boat * 0.1 Cart (bullock) 29 0.1
Note: 1 Population figures for Mingala Taungnyunt Township are as of 29th March 2014.
2 Includes both household population and institution population.
3 Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015)
4 Calculated based on conventional household population
* Less than 20. Contents
Introduction ...... 3
Census information on Mingala Taungnyunt Township ...... 5
(A) Demographic Characteristics ...... 7
(B) Religion ...... 11
(C) Education ...... 12
(D) Economic Characteristics ...... 16
(E) Identity Cards ...... 22
(F) Disability ...... 23
(G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities ...... 26
Type of housing unit ...... 26
Type of toilet ...... 27
Source of Drinking Water ...... 29
Source of lighting ...... 31
Type of cooking fue ...... 33
Communication and related amenities ...... 35
Transportation items ...... 37
(H) Fertility and Mortality ...... 38
Fertility ...... 38
Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality ...... 40
Definitions and Concepts ...... 42
List of Contributors ...... 46
1
Introduction
In April 2014, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar conducted its latest census, after three decades without a Population and Housing Census. In the post-independence period, comprehensive population and housing censuses were only successfully undertaken in 1973, 1983 and most recently in April 2014.
Censuses are an important source of benchmark information on the characteristics of the population and households in every country. One unique feature of a census is its ability to provide information down to the lowest administrative level. Such information is vital for planning and evidence based decision-making at every level. Additional data uses include allocation of national resources; the review of administrative boundaries; the positioning of social infrastructures, drawing national development plans, service provision and developing social infrastructure, and for humanitarian preparedness and response.
The results of the 2014 Census have been published so far in a number of volumes. The first was the Provisional Results released in August 2014. The Census Main Results were launched in May 2015. These included The Union Report, Highlights of the Main Results, and reports of each of the 15 States and Regions. The reports on Occupation and Industry and Religion were launched in March 2016 and July 2016, respectively. All the publications are available online at http://www.dop.gov.mm/ and http:// myanmar. unfpa.org/node/15104.
The current set of the 2014 Census publications comprise township and sub-township reports. Their preparation involved collaborative efforts of the Department of Population and UNFPA. This report contains selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Mingala Taungnyunt Township in Yangon Region. The information included in this report is the situation of 2014 March 29, Census night. Township level information is very important. However, the level of confidence of township estimates is not the same as Union level information. Some of the townships have relatively small populations; the interpretation of these estimates should be made with caution. Some of the indicators, such as IMR/ U5MR, were adopted only after careful analysis considering a number of factors to ensure consistency in the results. Estimates for townships with relatively small number of observations should not be taken as exact estimates of the mortality level, but rather they should be regarded as reasonable indicators for the scale of mortality risk they experience, an indication of which townships are better off and which are in a more vulnerable situation.
3
Census information on Mingala Taungnyunt Township
5
(A) Demographic Characteristics
Total population 132,494 *
Males 62,530
Females 69,964
Sex ratio 89 males per 100 females
Percentage of urban population 100.0%
Area (Km2) 5.1 **
Population density (persons per Km2) 26,171.0 persons
Number of wards 20
Number of village tracts -
Total Urban Rural
Population in conventional households 126,134 126,134 -
Number of conventional households 25,918 25,918 -
Mean household size 4.9 persons ***
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, there are more females than males with 89 males per 100 females.
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, entire population live in urban areas.
• The population density of Mingala Taungnyunt Township is 26,171 persons per square kilometre.
• There are 4.9 persons living in each household in Mingala Taungnyunt Township. This is slightly higher than the Union average.
Note: * Includes both household population and institution population. ** Settlement and Land Record Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, (2014-2015) *** Calculated based on conventional household population
7 Table 1: Population and number of conventional households by sex by ward; Mingala Taungnyunt Township (East District, Yangon Region)
No. of Population Sr Ward Conventional households Total Males Females Total 25,918 132,494 62,530 69,964 Ward 25,918 132,494 62,530 69,964 1 U Yin(W) 181 1,216 626 590 2 San Pya Hpa Sa Pa La(W) 1,629 7,666 3,527 4,139 3 Kan Taw Ka Lay (North)(W) 823 5,392 2,681 2,711 4 Kan Taw Ka Lay (West)(W) 1,773 8,610 3,890 4,720 5 Kan Taw Ka Lay (East)(W) 1,675 7,677 3,300 4,377 6 Kan Taw Ka Lay (South)(W) 2,158 10,684 4,908 5,776 7 Thein Hpyu Mee Ya Htar(W) 567 5,544 2,868 2,676 8 Lut Lat Yay(W) 780 4,038 1,911 2,127 9 Hpoet Myay(W) 1,450 6,886 3,161 3,725 10 Taung Nyunt Mee Ya Htar(W) 515 3,251 1,578 1,673 11 Min Ga Lar Taung Nyunt(W) 2,235 10,095 4,831 5,264 12 Kyee Taw(W) 1,081 4,869 2,204 2,665 13 Taung Lone Pyan(W) 847 3,663 1,643 2,020 14 Yae Twin Kone(W) 2,487 12,102 5,612 6,490 15 The Pyay Kone(W) 2,998 15,708 7,453 8,255 16 Thar Yar Kone(W) 1,193 6,538 3,015 3,523 17 Pa Thein Nyunt(W) 987 5,035 2,453 2,582 18 Ma Hlwa Kone(W) 799 4,321 2,095 2,226 19 Sat San(W) 816 5,033 2,579 2,454 20 Ku Toet Seik(W) 924 4,166 2,195 1,971
8 Figure 2: Population by broad age groups, Table 2: Population by 5-year age groups, Mingala Taungnyunt Township Mingala Taungnyunt Township
Age groups Total Males Females Total 132,494 62,530 69,964 0 - 4 8,135 4,185 3,950 5 - 9 8,528 4,301 4,227 10 - 14 10,052 5,124 4,928 15 - 19 12,183 6,092 6,091 20 - 24 13,814 6,758 7,056 25 - 29 12,392 5,821 6,571 30 - 34 11,080 5,361 5,719 35 - 39 9,582 4,415 5,167 40 - 44 9,381 4,255 5,126 45 - 49 9,005 4,017 4,988 50 - 54 8,198 3,601 4,597 55 - 59 6,748 2,971 3,777 60 - 64 4,880 2,131 2,749 65 - 69 3,250 1,432 1,818 70 - 74 1,995 823 1,172 75 - 79 1,504 607 897 80 - 84 960 363 597 85 - 89 496 163 333 90 + 311 110 201
• The proportion of productive working population between 15 to 64 years of age in Mingala Taungnyunt Township is 73.4 per cent.
• The proportion of children aged 14 and below together with the proportion of the elderly aged 65 and over are less than the proportion of the working age group population.
• Fewer proportions of children and elderly reduce the dependency of those age groups on the working age population.
9 Figure 3: Population pyramid (Union, Yangon Region, East District and Mingala Taungnyunt Township)
• The birth rate has been noticeably declining in Mingala Taungnyunt Township since the last 20 years.
• The population has markedly declined from age group 25-29 onwards.
• Compared to Union level, there is a higher percentage of working age group 15-64 population in Mingala Taungnyunt Township.
• Starting from age group 20-24, there are less males than females in all age groups.
10 (B) Religion
• At the Union level, the composition of the population by religion is: 87.9% Buddhist, 6.2% Christian, 4.3% Islam, 0.5% Hindu, 0.8% Animist, 0.2% Other religion and 0.1% No religion.
• In Yangon Region, it is 91.0% Buddhist, 3.2% Christian, 4.7% Islam, 1.0% Hindu, 0.1% Other religion, and less than 0.1% each for Animist and those with No religion respectively.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
11 (C) Education
Table 3: Population aged 5 - 29 and current school attendance by sex by age
Total population Currently attending Age Total Males Females Total Males Females
5 1,581 812 769 401 215 186
6 1,643 822 821 1,141 573 568
7 1,782 904 878 1,334 659 675
8 1,694 831 863 1,303 639 664
9 1,739 881 858 1,340 678 662
10 1,731 887 844 1,293 653 640
11 1,723 871 852 1,306 659 647
12 1,900 956 944 1,365 702 663
13 2,156 1,080 1,076 1,468 762 706
14 2,195 1,063 1,132 1,365 664 701
15 1,987 995 992 1,132 582 550
16 2,102 994 1,108 1,036 492 544
17 2,238 1,118 1,120 948 474 474
18 2,496 1,162 1,334 841 383 458
19 2,251 1,021 1,230 655 322 333
20 2,719 1,313 1,406 573 295 278
21 2,429 1,170 1,259 346 183 163
22 2,405 1,139 1,266 207 131 76
23 2,448 1,166 1,282 129 73 56
24 2,367 1,052 1,315 85 41 44
25 2,296 1,007 1,289 54 27 27
26 2,155 991 1,164 47 26 21
27 2,268 1,024 1,244 48 27 21
28 2,433 1,144 1,289 43 27 16
29 2,204 1,002 1,202 38 17 21
12 • School attendance in Mingala Taungnyunt Township drops after age 12 for both males and females.
• Compared to the Union, the school attendance of males and females in Mingala Taungnyunt Township is increasing more after age 13.
13 Figure 7: Literacy rate, Yangon Region (aged 15 and over)
Union : 89.5%
Yangon Region : 96.6%
East District : 97.1%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 97.6%
14 Table 4: Youth literacy rate (15 - 24), Mingala Taungnyunt Township
Total Literacy Rate Sex Population (15 - 24) (15 - 24)
Total 23,442 98.3
Males 11,130 98.6
Females 12,312 98.0
• The literacy rate of those aged 15 and over in Mingala Taungnyunt Township is 97.6 per cent. It is higher than the literacy rate of Yangon Region (96.6%) and the Union (89.5%). Female literacy rate is 96.7 per cent and for the males it is 98.8 per cent.
• The literacy rate for youth aged 15-24 is 98.3 per cent with 98.0 per cent for females and 98.6 per cent for males.
Table 5:Population aged 25 and over by highest level of education completed, urban/rural and sex
Primary school Middle school High school Post- % Never University/ Vocational Total None (grade (grade Diploma graduate Other attended College training (grade 1 - 4) (grade 5) 6 - 9) 10 - 11) and above
Total 79,782 2,531 3.2 6,135 6,862 19,163 20,764 467 22,192 1307 255 106
Urban 79,782 2,531 3.2 6,135 6,862 19,163 20,764 467 22,192 1307 255 106
Rural ------
Males 36,070 629 1.7 2,066 2,654 9,478 10,823 370 9,362 435 199 54
Females 43,712 1,902 4.4 4,069 4,208 9,685 9,941 97 12,830 872 56 52
• About 3.2 per cent of the population aged 25 and over have never been to school.
• There are 1.7 per cent of males aged 25 and over who have never attended school as against 4.4 per cent for females.
• Among those aged 25 and over, 8.6 per cent has completed primary school (grade 5) and only 27.8 per cent has completed university/college education.
15 (D) Economic Characteristics
Table 6: Population aged 10 and over by labour force participation rate and unemployment rate by sex and age group
Labour Force Participation Rate Unemployment Rate Age groups Total Males Females Total Males Females
10-14 5.0 6.1 3.8 6.2 7.1 4.8
15 - 19 33.9 42.2 25.7 10.6 12.6 7.2
20 - 24 64.4 77.6 51.7 12.7 12.6 12.8
25 - 29 68.9 90.2 50.1 7.2 7.8 6.2
30 - 34 67.9 92.9 44.6 3.7 3.7 3.7
35 - 39 64.7 92.7 40.8 2.5 2.8 2.0
40 - 44 63.0 91.9 39.0 2.1 2.3 1.8
45 - 49 59.9 90.1 35.6 1.5 1.7 1.1
50 - 54 56.5 86.4 33.0 0.9 1.0 0.6
55 - 59 50.5 78.5 28.4 0.8 1.0 0.5
60 - 64 30.8 52.4 14.0 0.5 0.6 -
65 - 69 18.3 31.8 7.6 0.8 0.7 1.4
70 - 74 9.4 16.5 4.4 - - -
75 + 6.5 10.3 4.2 0.5 - 1.2
15 - 24 50.1 60.8 39.7 12.0 12.6 11.2
15 - 64 57.7 79.8 38.4 5.2 5.3 5.0
16 • Labour force participation rate for the population aged 15-64 in Mingala Taungnyunt Township is 57.7 per cent.
• The labour force participation rate of females is 38.4 per cent and is much lower than that of their male counterparts which is 79.8 per cent.
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township,labour force participation rate for the population aged 10-14 is 5.0 per cent.
• The unemployment rate for those aged 15-64 in Mingala Taungnyunt Township is 5.2 per cent. There is not much difference between the unemployment rate for males is (5.3%) and for females is (5.0%).
• The unemployment rate for young females aged 15-24 is 11.2 per cent.
Table 7: Population aged 10 and over not in the labour force by usual activity status and sex
Usual activity status
Sex Did not seek Full time Household Pensioner, Total Ill, disabled Other work student worker retired, elderly
Total 58,196 0.9 28.6 47.1 14.8 1.5 7.1
Males 16,787 1.9 50.6 5.2 23.5 2.6 16.2
Females 41,409 0.5 19.7 64.1 11.3 1.1 3.4
• Among those aged 10 and over who are not in the labour force, 50.6 per cent of males are full time students while 64.1 per cent of females are household workers.
17 Table 8: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by occupation by sex
Employed persons Per cent Occupation Total Males Females Total Males Females
Total 48,838 31,398 17,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
Managers 1,715 1,101 614 3.5 3.5 3.5
Professionals 3,257 1,202 2,055 6.7 3.8 11.8
Technicians and Associate Professionals 3,821 2,732 1,089 7.8 8.7 6.2
Clerical Support Workers 4,561 2,234 2,327 9.3 7.1 13.3
Services and Sales Workers 17,706 10,888 6,818 36.3 34.7 39.1
Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers 235 185 50 0.5 0.6 0.3
Craft and Related Trades Workers 5,703 4,246 1,457 11.7 13.5 8.4
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 4,380 4,217 163 9.0 13.4 0.9
Elementary Occupations 3,929 2,745 1,184 8.0 8.7 6.8
Others ------
Not stated 3,531 1,848 1,683 7.2 5.9 9.7
18 • In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, 36.3 per cent of the employed persons aged 15-64 are services and sales workers and is the highest proportion, followed by 11.7 per cent in craft and related trades workers.
• Analysis by sex shows that 34.7 per cent of males and 39.1 per cent of females are services and sales workers.
• In Yangon Region, 23.7 per cent are services and sales workers and 22.9 per cent are in craft and related trades workers.
19 Table 9: Employed persons aged 15 - 64 by industry by sex
Employed persons Per cent Industry Total Males Females Total Males Females
Total 48,838 31,398 17,440 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 604 406 198 1.2 1.3 1.1
Mining and quarrying 50 38 12 0.1 0.1 0.1
Manufacturing 3,145 1,743 1,402 6.4 5.6 8.0
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 454 428 26 0.9 1.4 0.1
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 87 65 22 0.2 0.2 0.1
Construction 1,551 1,356 195 3.2 4.3 1.1
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 13,324 8,978 4,346 27.3 28.6 24.9
Transportation and storage 4,711 4,556 155 9.6 14.5 0.9
Accommodation and food service activities 5,579 3,258 2,321 11.4 10.4 13.3
Information and communication 768 480 288 1.6 1.5 1.7
Financial and insurance activities 488 140 348 1.0 0.4 2.0
Real estate activities 211 135 76 0.4 0.4 0.4
Professional, scientific and technical activities 288 165 123 0.6 0.5 0.7
Administrative and support service activities 4,843 2,777 2,066 9.9 8.8 11.8
Public administration including civil servants 3,720 2,588 1,132 7.6 8.2 6.5
Education 1,447 221 1,226 3.0 0.7 7.0
Human health and social work activities 739 311 428 1.5 1.0 2.5
Arts, entertainment and recreation 348 231 117 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other service activities 1,100 618 482 2.3 2.0 2.8
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and 440 92 348 0.9 0.3 2.0 services- producing activities of households for own use
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies 57 30 27 0.1 0.1 0.2
Not stated 4,884 2,782 2,102 10.0 8.9 12.1
20 • In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, the proportion of employed persons working in the industry of “Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles” is the highest with 27.3 per cent.
• The second highest industry is “Accommodation and food service activities” at 11.4 per cent.
• There are 28.6 per cent of males and 24.9 per cent of females working in “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles” industry.
• In Yangon Region, there are 15.8 per cent of employed population working in “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles” industry and 9.3 per cent in “Accommodation and food service activities” industry.
21 (E) Identity Cards
Table 10: Population aged 10 and over by type of identity card, urban/rural and sex
Naturalised National T e mporary Foreign Citizenship Associate Religious Foreign Scrutiny Registration Registration Registration None Scrutiny Card Scrutiny Card Card Passport Card Card Card Card
Total 89,113 529 2,174 5,237 841 1,261 277 410 15,989
Urban 89,113 529 2,174 5,237 841 1,261 277 410 15,989
Rural ------
Males 40,946 271 1,236 2,232 823 533 133 253 7,617
Females 48,167 258 938 3,005 18 728 144 157 8,372
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, 76.9 per cent of the population aged 10 and over have Citizenship Scrutiny Card while 13.8 per cent have none.
• Analysis by sex shows that 14.1 per cent of males and 13.5 per cent of females do not have any type of card.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
22 (F) Disability
Table 11: Population by disability prevalence rate and type of disability by sex by age group
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Total 132,494 128,088 4,406 3.3 2,001 1,323 2,174 1,503
0 - 4 8,135 8,054 81 1.0 14 16 69 41
5 - 9 8,528 8,478 50 0.6 17 13 20 29
10 - 14 10,052 9,969 83 0.8 25 16 22 46
15 - 19 12,183 12,079 104 0.9 51 12 24 47
20 - 24 13,814 13,714 100 0.7 33 32 33 51
25 - 29 12,392 12,279 113 0.9 30 30 39 52
30 - 34 11,080 10,966 114 1.0 29 24 46 41
35 - 39 9,582 9,450 132 1.4 38 26 53 46
40 - 44 9,381 9,207 174 1.9 74 34 54 58
45 - 49 9,005 8,716 289 3.2 131 55 90 80
50 - 54 8,198 7,852 346 4.2 157 86 132 85
55 - 59 6,748 6,348 400 5.9 192 85 166 92
60 - 64 4,880 4,451 429 8.8 205 105 209 102
65 - 69 3,250 2,805 445 13.7 220 104 224 124
70 - 74 1,995 1,575 420 21.1 200 145 244 139
75 - 79 1,504 1,095 409 27.2 203 149 241 135
80 - 84 960 617 343 35.7 171 159 235 151
85 - 89 496 281 215 43.3 119 124 154 102
90 + 311 152 159 51.1 92 108 119 82
23 Table 11: (Continued)
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Males 62,530 60,672 1,858 3.0 801 527 845 659
0 - 4 4,185 4,135 50 1.2 7 9 41 25
5 - 9 4,301 4,268 33 0.8 8 7 14 21
10 - 14 5,124 5,084 40 0.8 9 8 13 23
15 - 19 6,092 6,032 60 1.0 27 8 15 29
20 - 24 6,758 6,705 53 0.8 20 14 14 27
25 - 29 5,821 5,746 75 1.3 19 19 29 39
30 - 34 5,361 5,296 65 1.2 13 13 31 24
35 - 39 4,415 4,343 72 1.6 19 14 31 28
40 - 44 4,255 4,169 86 2.0 34 13 28 36
45 - 49 4,017 3,883 134 3.3 56 16 47 35
50 - 54 3,601 3,458 143 4.0 59 30 63 40
55 - 59 2,971 2,798 173 5.8 84 40 70 40
60 - 64 2,131 1,979 152 7.1 77 37 62 44
65 - 69 1,432 1,235 197 13.8 106 48 92 50
70 - 74 823 680 143 17.4 61 56 73 47
75 - 79 607 462 145 23.9 76 58 74 45
80 - 84 363 243 120 33.1 56 54 73 52
85 - 89 163 97 66 40.5 40 41 40 32
90 + 110 59 51 46.4 30 42 35 22
24 Table 11: (Continued)
Total Population Type of disability
Age groups Disability With any of 4 Total Not disabled prevalence Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering disabilities rate (%)
Females 69,964 67,416 2,548 3.6 1,200 796 1,329 844
0 - 4 3,950 3,919 31 0.8 7 7 28 16
5 - 9 4,227 4,210 17 0.4 9 6 6 8
10 - 14 4,928 4,885 43 0.9 16 8 9 23
15 - 19 6,091 6,047 44 0.7 24 4 9 18
20 - 24 7,056 7,009 47 0.7 13 18 19 24
25 - 29 6,571 6,533 38 0.6 11 11 10 13
30 - 34 5,719 5,670 49 0.9 16 11 15 17
35 - 39 5,167 5,107 60 1.2 19 12 22 18
40 - 44 5,126 5,038 88 1.7 40 21 26 22
45 - 49 4,988 4,833 155 3.1 75 39 43 45
50 - 54 4,597 4,394 203 4.4 98 56 69 45
55 - 59 3,777 3,550 227 6.0 108 45 96 52
60 - 64 2,749 2,472 277 10.1 128 68 147 58
65 - 69 1,818 1,570 248 13.6 114 56 132 74
70 - 74 1,172 895 277 23.6 139 89 171 92
75 - 79 897 633 264 29.4 127 91 167 90
80 - 84 597 374 223 37.4 115 105 162 99
85 - 89 333 184 149 44.7 79 83 114 70
90 + 201 93 108 53.7 62 66 84 60
• Three in every 100 persons in Mingala Taungnyunt Township have, at least, one form of disability.
• Slightly more females than males have disability.
• The prevalence of disability increases with age and it increases considerably after the age of 65.
• Difficulties with walking and seeing were the most commonly mentioned forms of disability in the Township.
25 (G) Housing Conditions and Household Amenities
Type of housing unit
Table 12: Conventional households by type of housing unit by urban/rural
Apartment/ Bungalow/ Semi-pacca Wooden Bamboo Hut 2 - 3 Residence Total Hut 1 year Other Condominium Brick house house house house ye ars
Total 25,918 73.3 2.7 3.9 17.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6
Urban 25,918 73.3 2.7 3.9 17.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.6
Rural ------
• The majority of the households in Mingala Taungnyunt Township are living in apartment/condominium (73.3%) followed by households in wooden houses (17.5%).
26 Type of toilet
Figure 14: Proportion of households with access to improved sanitation
Union : 74.3%
Yangon Region : 91.1%
East District : 96.4%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 98.0%
27 Table 13: Conventional households by type of toilet by urban/rural
Type of toilet Total Urban Rural
Flush 13.2 13.2 -
Water seal (Improved pit latrine) 84.8 84.8 -
Improved sanitation 98.0 98.0 -
Pit (Traditional pit latrine) 0.2 0.2 -
Bucket (Surface latrine) 0.3 0.3 -
Other 0.6 0.6 -
None 0.9 0.9 -
Per cent 100.0 100.0 - Total Number 25,918 25,918 -
• Up to 98.0 per cent of the households in Mingala Taungnyunt Township have improved sanitation facilities (flush toilet (13.2%), water seal (improved pit latrine) (84.8%)).
• Compared to other townships in Yangon Region, Mingala Taungnyunt belongs to highest group proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities.
• The proportion of households with improved sanitation facilities in Yangon Region is 91.1 per cent while it is 74.3 per cent at the Union level.
• About 0.9 per cent of the households in the township have no toilet facilities. For the entire Yangon Region, it is 3.3 per cent.
28 Source of Drinking Water
Figure 15: Proportion of households with access to improved source of drinking water
Union : 69.5%
Yangon Region : 77.3%
East District : 94.9%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 99.5%
29 Table 14: Conventional households by source of drinking water by urban/rural
Source of drinking water Total Urban Rural
Tap water/ Piped 38.9 38.9 -
Tube well, borehole 1.1 1.1 -
Protected well/ Spring 0.1 0.1 -
Bottled water/ Water purifier 59.4 59.4 -
Total improved drinking water 99.5 99.5 -
Unprotected well/Spring * * -
Pool/Pond/ Lake * * -
River/stream/ canal * * -
Waterfall/ Rain water * * -
Other 0.5 0.5 -
Total unimproved drinking water 0.5 0.5 -
Per cent 100.0 100.0 - Total Number 25,918 25,918 -
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, 99.5 per cent of households use improved sources of drinking water (tap water/piped, tube well, borehole, protected well/spring and bottled water/water purifier).
• Compared to other townships in Yangon Region, this household proportion belongs to the highest group in use improved sources for drinking water and it is also higher than the Union average (69.5%).
• About 59.4 per cent of the households use water from bottled water/water purifier and 38.9 per cent use water from tap water/piped.
• About 0.5 per cent of the households use water from unimproved sources.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
30 Source of lighting
Figure 16: Proportion of households using electricity for lighting
Union : 32.4%
Yangon Region : 69.3%
East District : 89.4%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 98.7%
31 Table 15: Conventional households by source of lighting by urban/rural
Source of lighting Total Urban Rural
Electricity 98.7 98.7 -
Kerosene 0.1 0.1 -
Candle 0.6 0.6 -
Battery 0.4 0.4 -
Generator (private) 0.1 0.1 -
Water mill (private) * * -
Solar system/energy * * -
Other 0.1 0.1 -
Per cent 100.0 100.0 - Total Number 25,918 25,918 -
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, 98.7 per cent of the households use electricity for lighting.This proportion belongs to the highest group in electricity usage compared to other townships in Yangon Region. The percentage of households that use electricity in Yangon Region is 69.3 per cent.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
32 Type of cooking fuel
Figure 17: Proportion of households using wood-related cooking fuel
Union : 81.0%
Yangon Region : 47.2%
East District : 32.1%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 20.5%
33 Table 16: Conventional households by type of cooking fuel by urban/rural
Type of cooking fuel Total Urban Rural
Electricity 71.5 71.5 -
LPG 6.0 6.0 -
Kerosene * * -
BioGas 1.2 1.2 -
Firewood 0.8 0.8 -
Charcoal 19.7 19.7 -
Coal 0.3 0.3 -
Other 0.6 0.6 -
Per cent 100.0 100.0 - Total Number 25,918 25,918 -
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, households use wood-related fuels for cooking with 0.8 per cent using firewood and 19.7 per cent using charcoal.
• About 71.5 per cent of households mainly use electricity for cooking.
Note: * Less than 0.1 per cent.
34 Communication and related amenities
Table 17: Conventional households by availability of communication and related amenities by urban/rural
Conventional Land line Mobile Internet % with none of % with all of Residence Radio Television Computer households phone phone at home the items the items
Total 25,918 16.8 92.0 19.4 91.0 25.7 27.6 3.0 2.7
Urban 25,918 16.8 92.0 19.4 91.0 25.7 27.6 3.0 2.7
Rural ------
• About 92.0 per cent of the households in Mingala Taungnyunt Township have access to television and is the highest among the access of communication and related amenities.
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, about one in six households (16.8%) reported having a radio.
35 Figure 19: Proportion of households with access to mobile phone
Union : 32.9%
Yangon Region : 60.9%
East District : 76.1%
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 91.0%
• About 91.0 per cent of the households in Mingala Taungnyunt Township reported having mobile phones and it belongs to highest group compared to other townships in Yangon Region.
36 Transportation items
Table 18: Conventional households by availability of transportation items by urban/rural
Region/District/ Conventional Car/Truck/ Motorcycle/ 4-Wheel Canoe/ Cart Bicycle Motor boat Township households Van Moped tractor Boat (bullock)
Yangon Region 1,582,944 123,149 215,828 731,428 19,305 19,464 15,790 76,215
Urban 1,069,056 115,768 93,377 508,239 3,509 2,913 2,352 6,308
Rural 513,888 7,381 122,451 223,189 15,796 16,551 13,438 69,907
East District 486,790 56,185 30,288 256,948 1,015 749 697 2,437
Urban 481,039 55,997 29,091 254,271 947 648 607 1,822
Rural 5,751 188 1,197 2,677 68 101 90 615
Mingala Taungnyunt Township 25,918 4,602 204 2,809 28 19 18 29
Urban 25,918 4,602 204 2,809 28 19 18 29
Rural ------
• In Mingala Taungnyunt Township, 17.8 per cent of the households have car/truck/van as a means of transport and it is the highest proportion, followed by 10.8 per cent of households having bicycle.
37 (H) Fertility and Mortality
Fertility
• Age specific fertility rates are highest at age group 25-29 and 30-34.
• For women aged 15-49, the total fertility rate is 1.5 children per woman and is lower than the total fertility rate of 2.5 at the National level.
38 Figure 21: Total fertility rate
Union : 2.5
Yangon Region : 1.9
East District : 1.7
Mingala Taungnyunt Township : 1.5
39 • The expectation of life at birth in Yangon Region is 65.5 years and is higher than that of National level at 64.7 years.
• The female life expectancy at 70.8 years is higher than that of the males at 60.5 years.
Childhood Mortality and Maternal Mortality
• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in East District are lower than the Union average. The Infant mortality in East District is 33 deaths under age one per 1,000 live births while Under 5 mortality is 37 deaths under age 5 per 1,000 live births.
• The Infant and Under 5 mortality rates in Mingala Taungnyunt Township are lower than those in Yangon Region and East District. The Infant mortality in Mingala Taungnyunt is 19 per 1,000 live births and Under 5 mortality is 22 per 1,000 live births.
40 • In Yangon Region, there are 213 women dying while during pregnancy/delivery or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy for every 100,000 live births.
• The maternal mortality ratio in Yangon Region is lower than that of the Union level.
• Compared to the average maternal mortality ratio of 140 for Southeast Asian countries, the maternal mortality ratio of 282 for Myanmar is high.
41 Definitions and Concepts
Population: The population in this report corresponds to the de-facto population of Myanmar on Census Night (see below).
th th Census Night: The night between the 29 and the 30 March 2014. Every person in Myanmar was enumerated where they spent the Census Night.
Rural area: Areas classified by the Department of General Administration (GAD) as village tracts. Generally these are areas with low population density and a land use which is predominantly agricultural.
Urban area: Areas classified by the GAD as wards. Generally these areas have an increased density of building structures, population and better infrastructural development.
Population Density: The population density relates to the number of persons in a given administrative 2 area to the surface of the area, expressed in square kilometres (Km ). Areas covered by water are excluded from the calculation.
Mean Household Size: The average number of persons per household (people living in households divided by number of conventional households).
Sex ratio: The number of males for every 100 females in a population.
Dependency ratio: The total dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 years and older than 64) to the population of working-age (age 15-64). Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population. Three different measures can be calculated: total dependency ratio, child dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio.
Child Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people younger than 15 years to the working age population (15-64).
Old Dependency Ratio: is the proportion of people older than 64 years to the working age population (15-64).
Ageing Index: The number of persons aged 65 years and over per 100 people under the age of 15 years.
Median Age: The age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older.
Education: Education is the process by which people learn through instruction and teaching. The 2014 MPHC placed an emphasis on literacy skills, school attendance and educational attainment. The other categorisations used under education were:
(a) Literacy: The ability to read and write in any language with reasonable understanding.
(b) School attendance: The attendance at any regular educational institution or systematic instruction at any level of education during the last 12 months. This included schooling at pre-primary, primary, middle, high school and tertiary institutions of higher learning. The options were: (a) Currently attending; (b) Attended previously; (c) Never attended.
42 (c) Educational Attainment: The highest grade/standard/diploma/degree completed within the most advanced level attended in the education system of the country where the education was received. It covered both public and private institutions accredited by government.
Disability: Disability is a situation where a person is at a greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing routine activities (including activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as work) if no supportive measures are offered. The difficulties covered in the 2014 census included:
(a) Walking difficulty(wheel chairs, crutches, limping, problems climbing steps);
(b) Seeing difficulty(low vision, blind);
(c) Hearing difficulty(partially or completely deaf);
(d) Mental/Intellectual difficulty(slow learning development making it hard to compete with their counterparts at school, other mental conditions).
Identity card: An identity card is a document used to verify aspects of a person›s personal identity. There are several types of identity cards issued by the Government of Myanmar, and national passports in the case of foreigners.
Labour Force Status: According to the type of usual economic activities during the 12 months before Census Night, all persons 10 years of age and over were classified as follows:
Labour Force: The Labour force is a general term covering “employed” and “unemployed” persons in the population.
Employed: “Employed” persons refer to those who did any work during the time of the week before the census date or worked for more than 6 months in the 12 months before the census date for pay or profit, such as a wage, salary, allowance, business profit, etc. Also included in this category were persons
43 working in family businesses, on a farm, in a store, in a private hospital etc., even though they were not paid any wages.
Unemployed: “Unemployed” persons refer to those who had no work but were able to work and actually seeking a job during the reference period, or at the time of the census enumeration.
Not in labour force: This category comprised persons who had no work and did not make any positive efforts to find a job during the 6 months before the census date or were unable to work. This included full time students, household work, elderly people, etc.
Employment Status: All employed persons were classified according to the economic activity status in the place where they worked during the last 12 months or if they worked in more than one place, where they worked most of the time. There were five employment categories:
(a) Employee (Government): those employed and working for government including in state organisation institutions.
(b) Employee (Private organisation): those employed and working for private employers or private organisations. All people in private companies, NGOs, international organisations, retail and wholesale enterprises fell under this category.
(c) Employer: persons who during the reference period worked in their own business, which also employed one or more other persons.
(d) Own account worker: self-employed persons who worked in their own business or worked in their own/family business for family gain and did not have any employees.
(e) Unpaid family worker: persons who worked in a business, farm, trade or professional enterprise operated by a member of the household/family and received no pay.
Labour force participation rate: The labour force participation rate is the ratio between the labour force and the overall size of the total population of the same age range. This is an important indicator as it portrays the proportion of the population that is economically active.
Labour force Labour force = (Employed + Unemployed) x 100 participation rate Total Population
Unemployment rate: The percentage of the total labour force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. These are people who are without work, looking for jobs and available for work.
Unemployed Unemployment rate = x 100 Labour force (Employed + Unemployed)
44 Employment to population ratio: A statistical ratio that measures the proportion of the country’s working-age population (ages 15 to 64) that is employed. The International Labour Organization (ILO) states that a person is considered employed if they have worked at least 1 hour in “gainful” employment in the most recent week.
Employment to Employed = x 100 population ratio Total Population
Occupation: Occupation refers to the kind of work an employed person did in the establishment during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. Put differently, occupation is the kind of work done during the last 12 months by the person employed, regardless of the industry of the establishment. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, field data collectors were instructed to collect a detailed description of the work being done such as accounts clerk, data entry operator (clerk), legal secretary, domestic worker, fisherman, human resource manager, etc. If an employed person was engaged in two or more jobs, the kind of work was decided by the work in which he/she was mainly engaged in, that is in terms of time. The occupational classification is based on the ISCO 2008.
Industry: Industry refers to the main activity of the establishment where an employed person usually worked during the 12 months (reference period) before the census date. In the 2014 Myanmar Census, industry was explained to the enumerators as the type of economic activity carried out at the person’s place of work. It is defined in terms of the kind of goods produced or services supplied by the enterprise in which the person works and not necessarily the specific duties or functions of the person’s job. For example, a clerical officer working in stores within a factory that makes television sets. The industry should be recorded as manufacture of electrical goods. If an employed person worked in two or more establishments, “industry” was decided by the establishment where he/she worked most. The industrial classification is based on the ISIC Revision 4.
Live Birth: A live birth is one where the infant shows one or more of the following signs of life immediately after birth: crying or similar sounds, movement of the limbs or any other parts of the body and/or any other tangible signs of life. The census was concerned only with children born alive. Also collected was information on the last live birth of ever married female respondents.
Total fertility rate (TFR): The average number of children that a woman would give birth to if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to the current schedule of age-specific fertility rates.
Age specific fertility rate (ASFR):The age-specific fertility rate measures the annual number of births to women of a specified age or age group per 1,000 women in that age group. Unless otherwise specified, the reference period for the age-specific fertility rates is the calendar year.
45 List of Contributors
Contributors to the Yangon Region, East District, Mingala Taungnyunt Township Report
Name Institution Role Prepared by Assistant Director, Daw Thida Leader Department of Population Immigration Assistant, Daw Yin Wai Lwin Assistant Department of Population Immigration Assistant, U Wai Yan Oo Assistant Department of Population
Translator and Reviewer U George Paw Tun UNFPA Consultant Translation and Review
Data Processing and IT Team Deputy Director, Programming and generation Daw Sandar Myint Department of Population of tables Immigration Assistant, Daw Su Myat Oo Generation of tables Department of Population Daw Aye Thiri Zaw Junior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of tables
Daw Lin Lin Mar Staff Officer, Department of Population Generation of maps Assistant Computer Operator, U Thant Zin Oo Generation of maps Department of Population
U Khun Zin Naing Tun Junior Clerk, Department of Population Generation of maps
Designer
U Naing Phyo Kyaw Staff Officer, Department of Population Graphic Designer
Daw Cho Zin Win Junior Clerk, Department of Population Graphic Designer
46
The Townships Reports can be downloaded at :
www.dop.gov.mm or http://myanmar.unfpa.org/census
48