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ORNITHOLOGIE. Vierundzwanzi~Ster Jahr~Ang JOURNAL far ORNITHOLOGIE. Vierundzwanzi~ster Jahr~ang. 135. Juli. 1876. ,i i i I ll,i i Ueber den gegenw~irtigen Stand unserer Kenntniss der geographisehen Zoologie. Von P. L. Sclater.*) (Aus dem Engllsehen iibersetzt yon Herman Sohalow.) In meiner Stellung als Secret~r der Londoner Zoologischen Gesellschaft, die ich nun seit mehr denn sechszehn Jahren ein- nehme~ bin ich durch unsere Mitglieder und Correspondenten in den verschiedensten Theilen der Welt sehr hKufig ersueht worden, ihnen fiber die besten Werke in Bezug auf die Zoologie der L~nder, in denen sie wohnen, oder die sie gerade zu besuchen im Begriff stehen, Mittheilungen zu maehen. Mit H~ilfe der unter meiner Leitung stehenden Bibliothek der zoologischen Gesellschaft ist dies, so weit Uberhaupt gegenw~rtig Ver~ffentlichangen vorhanden sind, um die gewtlnschte Auskunft zu geben: keine sehr sehwierige Arbeit. Oft bin ich auch gebeten worden, reich tiber die wesent- lichsten M~ngel in unserer Kenntniss der Thiere einzelner Gegenden auszusprechen. Dieses ist ebenfalls keiue schwer zu erfttllende Bitte~ wenngleich sie wegen der sehr unvollkommenen Arbeiten, welche wir bis jetzt tiber die geographische Zoologie im AIIgemeinen besitzen, etwas in Verlegenheit setzt, und ich reich deswegen ge- zwungen sehe, den Umfang der Anspr~iehe der Beaehtung der- jenigen zu empfehlen, die derartige Fragen stellen. Der Fortschritt, der in den letzten Jahren zu einer vollkommneren Kenntniss tier Faunengebiete der versehiedensten Theile der Erdoberflliche ge- *) On the present state of our knowledge of geographical Zoology. Address delivered to the Biological section of the British Association Bristol August 25th. 1875. By P. L. Sclater, M. A, Ph.D., F. R. S.~ F. L. S, President of the Section. Cab. Joum. f. Ornith. XXIV. Jahrg. No, 135, Juli 1876. "15 226 P.L. Sclater: macht worden ist, ist indessen gross. Expeditionen wurden in L~inder, die bisher nieht erforscht waren, ausgesandt, Sammlungen wurden in bisher wenig bekannten Gebieten angelegt und viele allgemeine Werke, die die Resultate vorliiufiger ltickenhafter For- schung t~ber dieses alles zusammenstellen, wurden verSffentlicht. Unter diesen Umst~inden glaubte ich, dass solch' eine Mittheilung Uber den allgemeinen Fortschritt, den in jttngster Zeit die Zoologic der versehiedensten Theile der Erdoberfliiche erfahren, begleitet yon einer Reihe yon Bemerkungen iiber die wichtigsten Autoritgten, die um Ruth zu fragen sind, einem Ms.ngel abhelfen kSnnte, yon dem ich, wie oben erwiihnt, dutch eigene Erfahrung weiss, dass er oft geftthlt worden ist. Indem ich nun nacheinander die sieben grossen Regionen, in welche die Erdoberfl~iche am passendsten far zoologische Studien eingetheilt wird, durchgehe, will ich versuchen, unsere massgebenden Schriftsteller iiber V6geI und ihre hauptsaehlichsten Arbeiten auf- zufahren. Zugleich werde ich bem~iht sein, die namhaftesten Miingel in unserer Kenntniss dieses Zweiges der l~laturgeschichte nachzuweisen und wird es mir vielleicht mSglich sein, einige wenige Winke hinzuzufagen, wie diesen M~ingeln am besten abgeholfen werden kSnne. Die Eintheilung der Erdoberflgche werde ieh in derselben Weise annehmen, wie ich sic in meinen ,,Lectures on zoological geography" angewandt babe, ngmlich: I. Palaearetisehe Region II. Ethiopische Region II.• Lemurische Subregion Aretogoea. III. Indische Region IV. l~earctisehe Region V. Neotropisehe Region Dendrogoea. Y.~ Antilten-Subregion VI. Australische Region... Antarctogoea. VII. Pacifische Region .... Ornithogoea. l. Die Palaearctische Region. Die Palaearctische Region werde ich der Uebersiehtlichkeit halber in die folgenden sieben Subregionen eintheilen: 1. Die Cisatlantisehe Subre~on, die den ganzen Theft der palaearctischen Region, die siidlich Yore Mittelmeere liegt, umfasst. la. Die Atlantischen Inseln. Ueber d. Stand unserer Kenntniss d. geographischen Zoologie. 227 2. Die Europ~ische Subregion. 3. Die Sibirisehe Subregion, das gauze nSrdliche Asien um- fassend. 4. Die Mantschurische Subregion mit Nord-China und dem angrenzenden Theile der Mongolei. 5. Die Japanisehe Subregion, welche die japanisehen Inseln enthiilt. 6. Die Tatarisehe Subregion~ die grossen wiisten Gebiete Centralasiens umfassend. 7. Die Persische Subregion, welehe Persien, Kleinasien und Syrien in sich vereint. l. Die Cisatlantische Subregion. Was die Zoologie des grSssten Theiles des Westens dieses Gebietes (Tunis und Algier) anbetrifft, so kann man jetzt sagen, dass unsere Kenntniss ziemlieh welt vorgeschritten ist. Das Haupt- werk fiber dieses Gebiet ist die yon der franzSsisehen Regierung herausgegebene ,,Exploration seientifique de l'Alg@rie (1), iu welcher Untersuehungen fiber die V(fgel Algiers yon Loche enthalten sind. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahre 1840 begonnen und man beabsichtigte, wenu ieh nicht irre, dass die Abtheilung tiber die V(igel yon Herrn Vaillant, dem Kanstler der Commission, geschrieben werdeu sollte; allein es wurden erst die Tafelu ausgegeben, der Text, yon Capitain Loche, wurde erst im Jahre 1867 beendigt. Ein kleineres und be- quemeres Werk far Reisende ist des letztgenannten Autors Katalog der V~gel Algiers C2), der im Jahre 1858 ersehien. Diejenigen, welehe jenseits ~es Atlas vordringen, werden viele No- tizen fiber die Wirbelthiere dieses Gebietes in Canon Tristram's ,Great Sahara" (6) finden. Viele interessante Angaben fiber die VSgel yon Tunis und Algier sind ia den von den Herren Salvin (7) Tristram (8) und J. It. Gurney jr. (9) im Ibis verSffentlichten Ar~ikeln mitge- theilt worden. Ueber Marokko und den i~ussersten wesflicheu Theil des Atlas ist unsere Kenntniss bis jetzt bei Weitem nicht so vollstandig. Was die VSgel Tangers und seiner Umgegend anbetrifft, so besitzen wir des Obersten Irby jtlngst verSffentlichtes Werk abet die Ornithologie tier Strasse yon Gibraltar (10)~ in welehem ,,Beobachtungen fiber die maurisehen Viigel, in grosser Menge dem Manuscripte des ver- storbenen Herrn Favier N eines Sammlers, der lunge in Tanger lebte- entnommen, gegebea werden". Aber der Siiden von Marokko, der westliehe Atlas und das 15, 228 P.L. Sclater: daran grenzende Gebiet ist sicherlich eine vol!st~tndige , yon Eng- land leicht zu erreichende terra incognita, weIche bisher Natur- forschera unzug~inglich gehlieben ist, wenngleieh die kleine Ex- pedition der Herren Dr. Hooker, Maw und Ball im Jahre 1871 (vonder bisher nur ein kleiner Bericht (11) bekannt gemacht worden ist, eine gr6ssere wissenschaftliche Arbeit aber, wenn ich nicht irre~ jetzt ausgearbeitet wird) zeigt, dass man dort eindringen kann, wean besondere Vorsichtsmassregeln getroffen werden. la. Die Atlantischen Insetn. Die Atlantische Inselgruppe der Can~rischen Inseln, Madeira und der Azoren d~rfte vielleieht am beaten dieser Abtheihng der Palaearctischen Region zugetheilt werden. Unsere Kenntniss der Fauna einer jeden dieser drei Gruppen ist ziemlich gut, ~ obgleich ohne Zweifel noch mehr zu thun ist, um Details auszuarbeiten. Was die Oaaaren anbetrifft, so ist Webb und Berthelot's: Histoire Naturelle des iles Canaries" (12), zu Paris unter den Auspicien des l~Iinisters des (iffentlichen Unterrichts herausgegeben, das Haupt- werk. Dr. Carl Bolle hat die Inseln in neuerer Zeit besucht und verschiedene ausgezeichnete Aufsiitze tiber ihre 0rnithologie (13) in Cabanis' Journal verJffentlieht. Madeira hat den Vortheil gehabt, dass einige vortreffliche eng!ische Naturforscher daselbst wohnten; ich brauche nur die Namea Lowe, Vernon-Wollaston und Johnston zu nennen, um dies zu bestiitigen. Vor mehr denn zwanzig Jahren gab uns E. V. Har- court in seiner Skizze yon Madeira (14) und in seinen Beitragen in den Proceedings of the Zoological Society (15) und in den An- nals of Natural History (16) gute BeitrJge zur Ornithologie Ms- deiras. F. Godman hat ktirzlich eine ausgezeiehnete Arbeit aber die VJgel Madeiras und der Canaren im Ibis fiir 1872 (17) ver- 5ffentlicht. Er giebt darin ein vollst~ndiges Resum6 aber alles das, was wir augenblicklich iiber diesen Gegenstand wissen, ver- bunden zugleich mit den Beobachtungen, die der Autor selbst w~h- rend seiner Reise nach jenen Inseln ira Jahre 1871 gemacht hat. Far unsere Kenntniss tier hJheren Thierwelt tier dritten der eben genannten Inselgruppen, der der Azoren, sind wir hauptsiiehlich F. D. Godman, weleher 1865 eine besondere Expedition nach diesen Inseln in der Absicht ihre Fauna zu erforsehen unternahm, ver- pflichtet. Die Resultate finden sich in seinem Werke tiber die Azoren (21), welches im Jahre 1870 publicirt wurd% zusammen- Ueber d. Stand unserer Kenntniss d. geograpbischen Zoologie. 229 gestetlt. Ueber die VSgel dieser Insela ist Godman fast unsere einzige Autorit~t. 2. DieEuropaische Subregion. a. Europa im Allgemeinen. Es kann wohl kein Zweifel dar~ber sein, dass die anziohende Klasse der VSgel viol mehr Aufmerksamkeit als die verw~ndten Abtheilungen der Wirbelthiere in Europa gefunder~ hat. Besonders in den letzten Jahren hat eine betrSehfliche Anzahl yon Natur- forsehern in fast allen Theilen des Continents ihre haupts~ichliche Aufmerksamkeit auf die 0rnithologie gelenkt. Zwei Zeitsehriften si~ld allein dieser Wissensehaft gewidmet; der grSssere Theil der Arbeiten in ihnen behandelt die VSgel des einen odor anderen Theilos yon Europa. Die Literatur ~iber diesen Gegenstand ist sehr gross, und ich muss daher in meinen Angaben tiber die wieh- tigsten modernen Hauptsehriftsteller, auf welche Jemand, der sieh aber europSische 0rnithologie zu unterriehten wanscht, zar•ekgehen muss, mSgliehst gedrSngt sein. Zaerst, was die Avifauna des ganzen Continents
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